Formulas ‘Trigonometric formulas fade nie asin g(a t)cos Fa #0) cosa + cosb = 200s (a +b) eos 3(a~b) cosa eos = 2sin 3(a-+8)sin 3(6— ) sina cosb = 5(sin(a ~ 8) + sin(a+5)) 1 1 sina sinb = 5(cos(a —) — cos(a +2)) cos.a cos = 5(cos(a—#) + cos(a + b)) sin(a +t 5) = sinacosb+t cosasinb cos(a + 5) = cosacos b sinasinb Eonrier series Fourier series of f(x) defined on [-L, —L): oo + (an cos(remz/L) + bn sin(r/L)) nl where a, = re F(a) cos(nmz/L)dz, ba = if J (a) sin(nma/L)de Fourier cosine series (2 € [0, L]} 4a + Yt co8(na/) where ay = 3 af S(a) cos(nnz/L)de nat Fourier sine series (2 € [0,£]): Sb, sin(nez/L) where bs = i f f(z) sin(nae/E)de. = Solution for wave equation with a source “ Roww- ae oS u(z,t) = Foes) +o e ge po W(s)ds+ + ug 2c eS Jove. where (c) = u(z,0), ¥(2) = u(2, 0), and Ae. is the characteristic triangle for (z, The Kirchhoff-Poisson solution for wave equation uy ~ Au =0 In 3D; u(@,t) = wail Sh« (S| + ra gall, w(€)do where S; is a sphere of radius ct, ane EG Tn 2D: u(z,y,t) =m tg (ar — Sa dy where Dy is 8 disk of radius ct. all, as ‘olution for the diffusion equation with a source on Ru; — kts: = f(z,t) (t > 0) = 755 uead= [~ ste-nooenav+ f° [Sle wt~9ftrsidvas (e>0) 1 where S(x,t) HAR and $(2) Definition of the error function: i et dp * VR P10 18 Ain polar coordinates: §=A=a5+-— +455 Ain polar coordinates: = A= 55475 +Sfe 20, 1 8 8, 1 & 2 Org a menos A inspherical coordinates: Ae 55 +55 + Gos wen at bg Poisson's formula for harmonic function in a disk: u(x) = a Fonte WDA, oF cna BE Lope u(r.) = Tar coal = By Er MOMS where (A) isthe value of u on the circle r = Green’s first identity i vas = J Vu. Wud + if vAudV D aw Green's second identity: (wAv - vAu)dv = [C5 “5 ug. | ds Representation formula for a harmonic function u wx) = ff [cs BK¢6%) - K(x, xg] as where K(x, Xo) = a Solution of the Dirichlet problem for Au = f using Green's function suf) = [oo 2x) x) Teas ff FoIctmaw ‘oD On the plane, dS and dV are replaced by dl (length clement) and dA (area element), respectively. 1/(4a|x — xo) for RS. Bessel's differential equation of order s; Solutions of Bessel’s equation For a non-integer s, the two independent solutions are = i (ye oe >See eta is the TP funeti Jas(r) Lrgeoresss47 e-'t?1dt is the P function. For s =n, a non-negative integer, the solutions are SD pry Jnl) = x Cry @) Ya(r) = 2 (ying 5) aal)— Oe 2 [snr Jayptr) => cosr For a, . a being roots of the Bessel function J, [$m B an rede = Bt 502 IP 0) = Be 36% Ss Pom 2)? ; Bessel functions of order ¢ = 1/2; Jya(r) ime Spherical harmonics: Y;"(9,¢) = P}""!(cos@) - PE - an_(t+m)l [ f WO, FEC Bin Bled = babe se