Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M.

, "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".

14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

ON THE PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES IN DREDGE PUMP

IMPELLERS
C.F. Hofstra, C. van Rhee, S.A. Miedema, A.M. Talmon

Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands, ,

[email protected].
Professor, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The
Netherlands, [email protected]
Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands,
[email protected]
Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands,
[email protected]

In dredging, specific knowledge of particle flow through pipes and pumps is required so that the
design of the various components can be optimized for the requirements of mixture flow. In the
absence of theoretical knowledge, experimental results are used to predict losses in pipelines and
the performance of pumps. This approach, while sufficient for application in general, is not
adequate for specific design purposes. For specific design purposes far more detailed predictions of
the solid-liquid mixture flow are needed, especially for high density flows. Initial calculations by
Lagrangian particle tracking applied in a simplified potential flow schematization of impeller flow
were conducted. A test setup is described that will enable a subsequent detailed study of the
particle trajectories inside the pump impeller passage.

Keywords: Pump, Impeller, Particle, Trajectory, Dredge

NOTATION

a-particle acceleration [m/s²] CAM - added mass coefficient [-]

b2 - impeller passage length (hub to shroud) [m] CD-drag coefficient [-]
g - gravitational acceleration [m/s²] Dp-particle diameter [m]
n - number of blades [-] Qv - volume flow rate [m³/s]
r - radius [m] ß - blade angle [-]
rB-radius of the arc described by the particle [m] λ – particle position in impeller
passage (circumferential) [-]
vp-particle velocity [m/s] ρp- particle density [kg/m³]
t – blade coefficient [-] ρf-fluid density [kg/m³]
vf –fluid velocity [m/s] Ω - angular velocity [rad/s]
ws - velocity along impeller passage [m/s] ΩB - Ω along particle track [rad/s]
wn - velocity perpendicular to impeller blade [m/s]

1. INTRODUCTION

Dredge and jet pumps, as used in the dredging industry, frequently operate over a wide
range of duties and sometimes far from their original design points. As a result, these

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

types of pumps are subject to varying flow conditions, the occurrence of cavitation, non-
stationary and/or heterogeneous inlet flow or a combination of these elements.

Figure 1: Dredge pump cross section (example)

Currently, reasonably accurate predictions of the pressure distribution and flow velocities
in and around the pump impeller can be achieved using CFD for single phase fluid flow
in the region around the design point. Depending on the flow model and the quantity to
be studied, this region can be expanded to about 25% from the design point, albeit at the
price of reduced accuracy in the results due to the increased influence of turbulent
vortices and the corresponding need to “tune” the turbulence models. Considering the
fact that pumps in dredges often operate in situations where the flow can vary from 0.5-
1.5*BEP (Best Efficiency Point), the flow range that can be studied using the current
models is too limited.

600 90

80
500
70

400 60
Efficiency [%]
Head [kPa]

50
300
40

200 30

20
100
10

0 0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Flow [m³/s] - BEP=0.39m³/s

Figure 2: Pump head and efficiency curves (example)

At present, the design of a dredge pump impeller is based on fluid flow calculations with
simplified geometry and practical experience and data. The calculated flow therefore

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

accounts for neither the presence nor the influence of sand particles transported by the
fluid. It is not known theoretically how pump geometry (e.g. number of blades, blade
shape, inlet and exit angles) influences pump performance as a function of the density,
the transported material and the homogeneity of the flow in comparison with the flow of
water.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Herbich (1992) used high speed film to record the motion of particles inside a 5-bladed
impeller and volute of a transparent model pump using 1/8” beads with a specific gravity
(s.g.) of 1.19. No value for the concentration is given. The parameters varied in this
research were the impeller exit angle, flow and pump speed. The main observations were
that the flow is far from ideal except for flow near optimum, even when the fluid contains
no particles. Particle velocities differ substantially from the theoretically obtained values
for fluid flow. At the impeller exit, the tangential velocity of the particle is lower and the
radial velocity is higher than those of the fluid and the absolute velocity is lower than the
theoretical velocity.

Kadambi et al (2004) describe the results of PIV measurements on a transparent pump

and 3-bladed impeller with volumetric concentrations of 1-3% at flow speeds of 50-70%
of optimum using 0.5mm beads (s.g. 2.5) in a carrier fluid (s.g. 1.65). Flow separation at
the trailing edge and recirculation are reported for the clear fluid flow. This is partly
attributed to the fact that the model studied has a low number of blades compared to a
conventional pump as well as flow speeds lower than design. The addition of particles
led to an improvement of the observed flow, less flow separation and a decrease of
recirculation zones. It is reported that particle velocity is largest at the trailing edge and at
the suction side of the blade, irrespective of blade positions and flow conditions and
particle velocities reduce in regions away from the blade. Differences in particle
velocities reduce when the concentration is increased. The particle tangential velocity is
lower than the blade tip velocity. Which means that particles do not make contact with
the suction side of the vanes. Instead, it is noted that particles are pushed onto the
pressure side of the blade and slide on it in sliding layers.

A second category of literature concerns theoretical studies of the solid-liquid flow in

pump impellers. The main challenge in all cases is the coupling of the particle motion
and the fluid flow.

Roco (1980) uses a finite element approach to calculate the concentration inside the
impeller passage. The convection diffusion equation is used to determine the density
inside the passage and the relative velocity between the fluid and solid particles is
obtained by solving the equilibrium of the forces on the particle at the nodes. A number
of different configurations are discussed, the main ones being variation of the blade
angle, the particle dimensions (i.e. settling velocity) and the delivered concentration. For
impeller inflow, the boundary condition was a uniform concentration from hub to shroud.
The blade angle was varied from 20° to 90°. At a blade angle of 90°, the original uniform

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

concentration at the inflow developed into a non-uniform concentration at the impeller

exit with the highest concentration at the pressure side of the blade. A decrease of the
angle to 20° caused the highest concentration to move from the pressure side of the
impeller passage to the suction side as a function of the radial coordinates. Increase of the
particle dimensions led to a greater non-uniformity of the flow and to a worsening of the
incidence angles on the blades. Increase of the delivered concentration (max 35%) led to
a decrease in flow heterogeneity.

The studies of Grabow (1993, 2006) are continuations of the work of Roco (1980).
Grabow (2006) expands the equation of motion for the particles to account for the
relative acceleration in the rotating reference frame. The particles tend to move towards
the pressure side of the impeller blade. The solids concentration is also varied; at the
highest volume concentration (50%) the particle trajectory starts to veer away from the
pressure side of the impeller blade compared to the lower concentrations. A further
example of the theoretical study of the solid-liquid flow in a pump impeller is
Pagalthivarti (2004), who also uses a continuum model to describe the flow of the solid-
liquid mixture, this model is extended with regard to the previously described by the
addition of a mixing length model for turbulence.

Flows at higher concentrations have been modeled using a number of techniques, but
these are not corroborated with experimental results.

3. EXPLORATORY CALCULATIONS

To increase understanding of the problem a simplified model was constructed to make

some initial predictions with regard to the flow to be expected in the experimental phase
of the research program. A potential flow model is used and only spherical particles are
considered. Apart from solid/impeller interactions, no other fluid/solid or solid/solid
interactions are considered. Particle trajectories are calculated using Lagrangian particle
tracking, using a number of boundary conditions at the inflow.

3.1 Flow field

For the chosen approach, particle tracking with no influence of flow by the particles, it
was decided to apply the potential flow model as described by Visser et al (1997).

This model describes the flow in the rotating reference as defined in figure 3 as follows:
Ωr
ws ( r , λ ) =
Q
+ 2
2π r cos ( β ) sin ( β )
(
sinh ( t ) e ( ) − 1
λ sin 2 β − t
)
Ωr cos ( β ) ⎛ nλ ( ) ⎞
wn ( r , λ ) = sinh ( t ) eλ sin 2 β − t ⎟
λ sin ( 2 β )
⎜1 − e + (1)
sin ( β ) ⎝
2
π ⎠
With: 0 ≤ λ ≤ 2π /n, t=π sin(2β ), Q=Q v / b2

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

λ=0
β

λ=1

Figure 3: Schematisation impeller passage

The advantage of this approach is that there is neither the need for building an extensive
flow solver nor of adapting existing programs for the task. Whilst the use of a potential
flow model will reduce the accuracy of the results away from the best efficiency point
and near the blade boundaries, the results obtained around the best efficiency point in this
way should provide reasonable insights into the phenomena studied under the present
circumstances. The model used does not consider the effects of the shape of the tip of the
blade.

3.2 Particle motion

The differential equation of motion for a particle in a rotating reference frame can be
written as:
JJG JJG JJG
3CD JJG JJG JJG JJG ⎛ Dv f d v p ⎞ JG
( )
d vp
ρp = ρ f v f − v p v f − v p + ρ f C AM ⎜ − ⎟ + (ρp − ρ f ) g
dt Dp ⎜ Dt dt ⎟⎠
⎝
JJG
JG JG G JG JJG JJJG JJJG JJG
( ( )) ( ( ))
Dv f
+ρ f + ρ p Ω × Ω × r + 2Ω × v p + ρ p Ω B × Ω B × rB (2)
Dt
D ∂ G
with: = + v∇
Dt ∂t

The forces shown are drag, added-mass, gravitation, pressure, centrifugal due to the
rotation of the impeller, Coriolis and centrifugal due to the particle track respectively.
The lift, Bagnold and Brownian forces are considered too small to be taken into account
and are therefore disregarded as is the influence of hindrance of adjacent particles. The
drag force is a function of the drag coefficient CD, which is determined by the Reynolds
number. Common expressions for the drag coefficients for the Stokes, laminar and
turbulent regimes are used: CD=24/Re (0.001<Re≤1), CD=24/Re+3/√Re+0.34
(1<Re≤2000) and CD=0.4 (Re>2000).

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

The added mass factor, CAM, is dependent on the density of the sphere and the
surrounding fluid and varies between 0.5 and 1.05, Odar and Hamilton (1964). Given that
the particle dimensions and the velocity differentials lead to high values for the
acceleration number Ac (=vp²/aDp), a value of 1.05 is used.

3.3 Results

The impeller has an outer diameter of 220 mm, an inner diameter of 100 mm, the
distance from hub to shroud is 51 mm and a logarithmic blade shape with an angle of
60°.

Figure 4: Flow field (relative) for Q = 0.08 m³/s

The flow rate was 0.08 m³/s at 432 rpm. The resulting flow field is shown in figure 4.
The equation of motion (eq.2) was solved using a Matlab® Runga-Kutta solver in the
flow field described in (eq.1). Entry into the impeller was assumed to be in the direction
of the flow velocity. Initial slip is 0.8 (i.e.particle velocity is 80% of flow velocity). As a
very large number of boundary conditions can be implemented in this model; only a
small set is used. Particle dimensions are 2-10 mm, the results using λ = 0.1 of the
impeller passage length are shown in figure 5.

Contrary to expectations, the larger the particle, the less deflection towards the pressure
side of the blade. This is probably caused by the use of the same slip factor for each
particle size (i.e. the entry conditions for the particles are not the same). The entry into
the impeller will obviously need to be studied intensively during the experimental phase
of the study.

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

0.12 Particle tracks

D1=2mm
0.1 D3=6mm
D5=10mm

0.08

0.06
y [m]

0.04

0.02

-0.02
-0.07 -0.05 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11
x [m]

Figure 5: Particle trajectories Q = 0.08m³/s – slip 0.8

4. Laboratory experiments

The calculations in the previous section were carried out to establish reference material
for the experimental phase of the research. This section describes the experimental setup

and shows some of the initial results.

Figure 6: Experimental pump set-up with camera (schematic)

The test setup consists of a model pump with transparent shrouds and impeller.
Observations of the flow are carried out by means of a camera which is mounted on the
pump shaft. The setup has been designed to allow the study of inlet flows ranging from
horizontal to vertical. The dimensions of the model pump are the same ones as described
in section 3.3.

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Initial experiments were carried out with a vertical inlet flow (from below) into the
pump. Figure 7 shows an example of the images captured during the experiments.

Figure 7: Particles in impeller (clockwise direction of rotation)

The solids concentration during these experiments was low to enable comparison of the
results with the calculations. Initial results show the majority of the particles near the
pressure side of the blade, but also a number of particles at other locations inside the
impeller passage. Observed differences with the calculations are attributed to the slip
factor and vary with operational parameters (rpm, Q).

5. CONCLUSIONS

The flow of solid-liquid mixtures in the impellers of centrifugal pumps has not been
extensively described in open literature available. What is available can be divided into
an experimental and a theoretical part. The experimental results indicate that further
study of the slip factor between the solid and liquid phases at the impeller entrance and
the magnitude of the velocities of both phases is required. Flows at higher concentrations
have been modeled using a number of techniques, but these are not corroborated with
experimental results.

REFERENCES

1. Grabow, G., Gneipel, G., Suong, N.D., Tuong, P.N. (1993). “Partikelbewegung im
Laufrad einer Radialkreiselpumpe beim hydraulischen Feststofftransport”. (in german).
Hydromechanisation 8. Magdeburg, Germany.
2. Grabow, G. (2006). “Zweiphasenströmung in Kreiselpumpen für den hydraulischen
Feststofftransport”. (in german). Forschung Ingenieurwesen (2006) 70:1-12. Springer-
Verlag.

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers".
14th International Conference Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg, Russia.

3. Herbich, J.B. (1992). Handbook of dredging engineering. McGraw-Hill.

4. Kadambi, J.R., Mehta, M., Sankovic, J., Addie, G., Visintainer, R. (2004) “Velocity
measurements of particles in the impeller of a centrifugal pump”. 12th International
Symposium on application of laser techniques to fluid mechanics. Lisbon, Portugal.
5. Odar, F., Hamilton, W.S. (1964). “Forces on a sphere accelerating in a viscous fluid”. J.
Fluid Mechanics, v18, p302-314.
6. Pagalthivarti, K.V., Adie, G. (2004) “Prediction methodology for two-phase flow and
erosion wear in slurry impellers”. 4th Int. Conf. On Multiphase Flow. New Orleans,
USA.
7. Roco, M., Rheinhart, F. (1980) “Calculation of solid particle concentration in centrifugal
pump impellers using finite element method”. Hydrotransport 7. Sendai, Japan.
8. Visser, F.C., Brouwers, J.J.H., Jonker, J.B. (1997). “Fluid flow in a rotating low-specific-
speed centrifugal impeller passage”. Fluid Dynamics Research, v24, p. 275-292.

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema

 Bibliography Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema 1980-2010
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(PDF in Dutch 27.2 MB). Delft University of Technology, 1981, 48 pages.
2. Miedema, S.A., "The flow of dredged slurry in and out hoppers and the settlement
process in hoppers" (PDF in Dutch 37 MB). ScO/81/105, Delft University of
Technology, 1981, 147 pages.
3. Miedema, S.A., "The soil reaction forces on a crown cutterhead on a swell
compensated ladder" (PDF in Dutch 19 MB). LaO/81/97, Delft University of
Technology, 1981, 36 pages.
4. Miedema, S.A., "Computer program for the determination of the reaction forces on a
cutterhead, resulting from the motions of the cutterhead" (PDF in Dutch 11 MB).
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5. Miedema, S.A. "The mathematical modeling of the soil reaction forces on a
cutterhead and the development of the computer program DREDMO" (PDF in Dutch
25 MB). CO/82/125, Delft University of Technology, 1982, with appendices 600
pages.
6. Miedema, S.A.,"The Interaction between Cutterhead and Soil at Sea" (In Dutch).
Proc. Dredging Day November 19th, Delft University of Technology 1982.
7. Miedema, S.A., "A comparison of an underwater centrifugal pump and an ejector
pump" (PDF in Dutch 3.2 MB). Delft University of Technology, 1982, 18 pages.
8. Miedema, S.A., "Computer simulation of Dredging Vessels" (In Dutch). De
Ingenieur, Dec. 1983. (Kivi/Misset).
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Wave Conditions (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 1 MB)". Proc. WODCON X, Singapore
1983.
10. Miedema, S.A. "Basic design of a swell compensated cutter suction dredge with axial
and radial compensation on the cutterhead" (PDF in Dutch 20 MB). CO/82/134, Delft
University of Technology, 1983, 64 pages.
11. Miedema, S.A., "Design of a seagoing cutter suction dredge with a swell compensated
ladder" (PDF in Dutch 27 MB). IO/83/107, Delft University of Technology, 1983, 51
pages.
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Dutch). Published: The Hague, 18-9-1984, KIVI Lectures, Section Under Water
Technology.
13. Miedema, S.A., "The Cutting of Densely Compacted Sand under Water (Adobe
Acrobat PDF-File 575 kB)". Terra et Aqua No. 28, October 1984 pp. 4-10.
14. Miedema, S.A., "Longitudinal and Transverse Swell Compensation of a Cutter
Suction Dredge" (In Dutch). Proc. Dredging Day November 9th 1984, Delft
University of Technology 1984.
15. Miedema, S.A., "Compensation of Velocity Variations". Patent application no.
8403418, Hydromeer B.V. Oosterhout, 1984.
16. Miedema, S.A., "Mathematical Modeling of the Cutting of Densely Compacted Sand
Under Water". Dredging & Port Construction, July 1985, pp. 22-26.
17. Miedema, S.A., "Derivation of the Differential Equation for Sand Pore Pressures".
Dredging & Port Construction, September 1985, pp. 35.
18. Miedema, S.A., "The Application of a Cutting Theory on a Dredging Wheel (Adobe
Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 745 kB)". Proc. WODCON XI, Brighton 1986.
19. Miedema, S.A., "Underwater Soil Cutting: a Study in Continuity". Dredging & Port
Construction, June 1986, pp. 47-53.
20. Miedema, S.A., "The cutting of water saturated sand, laboratory research" (In Dutch).
Delft University of Technology, 1986, 17 pages.
21. Miedema, S.A., "The forces on a trenching wheel, a feasibility study" (In Dutch).
Delft, 1986, 57 pages + software.
22. Miedema, S.A., "The translation and restructuring of the computer program
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& Technical Conference of the Western Dredging Association. New Orleans, June
1996.
45. Miedema, S.A., "Education of Mechanical Engineering, an Integral Vision". Faculty
O.C.P., Delft University of Technology, 1997 (in Dutch).
46. Miedema, S.A., "Educational Policy and Implementation 1998-2003 (versions 1998,
1999 and 2000) (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF_File 195 kB)". Faculty O.C.P., Delft
University of Technology, 1998, 1999 and 2000 (in Dutch).
47. Keulen, H. van & Miedema, S.A. & Werff, K. van der, "Redesigning the curriculum
of the first three years of the mechanical engineering curriculum". Proceedings of the
International Seminar on Design in Engineering Education, SEFI-Document no.21,
page 122, ISBN 2-87352-024-8, Editors: V. John & K. Lassithiotakis, Odense, 22-24
October 1998.
48. Miedema, S.A. & Klein Woud, H.K.W. & van Bemmel, N.J. & Nijveld, D., "Self
Assesment Educational Programme Mechanical Engineering (Adobe Acrobat 4.0
PDF-File 400 kB)". Faculty O.C.P., Delft University of Technology, 1999.
49. Van Dijk, J.A. & Miedema, S.A. & Bout, G., "Curriculum Development Mechanical
Engineering". MHO 5/CTU/DUT/Civil Engineering. Cantho University Vietnam,
CICAT Delft, April 1999.
50. Miedema, S.A., "Considerations in building and using dredge simulators (Adobe
Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 296 kB)". Texas A&M 31st Annual Dredging Seminar.
Louisville Kentucky, May 16-18, 1999.
51. Miedema, S.A., "Considerations on limits of dredging processes (Adobe Acrobat 4.0
PDF-File 523 kB)". 19th Annual Meeting & Technical Conference of the Western
Dredging Association. Louisville Kentucky, May 16-18, 1999.
52. Miedema, S.A. & Ruijtenbeek, M.G. v.d., "Quality management in reality",
"Kwaliteitszorg in de praktijk". AKO conference on quality management in
education. Delft University of Technology, November 3rd 1999.
53. Miedema, S.A., "Curriculum Development Mechanical Engineering (Adobe Acrobat
4.0 PDF-File 4 MB)". MHO 5-6/CTU/DUT. Cantho University Vietnam, CICAT
Delft, Mission October 1999.
54. Vlasblom, W.J., Miedema, S.A., Ni, F., "Course Development on Topic 5: Dredging
Technology, Dredging Equipment and Dredging Processes". Delft University of
Technology and CICAT, Delft July 2000.
55. Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., Bian, X., "Course Development on Topic 5:
Dredging Technology, Power Drives, Instrumentation and Automation". Delft
University of Technology and CICAT, Delft July 2000.
56. Randall, R. & Jong, P. de & Miedema, S.A., "Experience with cutter suction dredge
simulator training (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 1.1 MB)". Texas A&M 32nd Annual
Dredging Seminar. Warwick, Rhode Island, June 25-28, 2000.
57. Miedema, S.A., "The modelling of the swing winches of a cutter dredge in relation
with simulators (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 814 kB)". Texas A&M 32nd Annual
Dredging Seminar. Warwick, Rhode Island, June 25-28, 2000.
58. Hofstra, C. & Hemmen, A. van & Miedema, S.A. & Hulsteyn, J. van, "Describing the
position of backhoe dredges (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 257 kB)". Texas A&M
32nd Annual Dredging Seminar. Warwick, Rhode Island, June 25-28, 2000.
59. Miedema, S.A., "Automation of a Cutter Dredge, Applied to the Dynamic Behaviour
of a Pump/Pipeline System (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 254 kB)". Proc. WODCON
VI, April 2001, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2001.
60. Heggeler, O.W.J. ten, Vercruysse, P.M., Miedema, S.A., "On the Motions of Suction
Pipe Constructions a Dynamic Analysis (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 110 kB)".
Proc. WODCON VI, April 2001, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2001.
61. Miedema, S.A. & Zhao Yi, "An Analytical Method of Pore Pressure Calculations
when Cutting Water Saturated Sand (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 2.2 MB)". Texas
A&M 33nd Annual Dredging Seminar, June 2001, Houston, USA 2001.
62. Miedema, S.A., "A Numerical Method of Calculating the Dynamic Behaviour of
Hydraulic Transport (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 246 kB)". 21st Annual Meeting &
Technical Conference of the Western Dredging Association, June 2001, Houston,
USA 2001.
63. Zhao Yi, & Miedema, S.A., "Finite Element Calculations To Determine The Pore
Pressures When Cutting Water Saturated Sand At Large Cutting Angles (Adobe
Acrobat PDF-File 4.8 MB)". CEDA Dredging Day 2001, November 2001,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
64. Miedema, S.A., "Mission Report Cantho University". MHO5/6, Phase Two, Mission
to Vietnam by Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema DUT/OCP Project Supervisor, 27 September-8
October 2001, Delft University/CICAT.
65. (Zhao Yi), & (Miedema, S.A.),
"

"
(Finite Element Calculations To Determine The Pore Pressures When Cutting Water
 Saturated Sand At Large Cutting Angles (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 4.8 MB))". To be
published in 2002.
66. Miedema, S.A., & Riet, E.J. van, & Matousek, V., "Theoretical Description And
Numerical Sensitivity Analysis On Wilson Model For Hydraulic Transport Of Solids
In Pipelines (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 147 kB)". WEDA Journal of Dredging
Engineering, March 2002.
67. Miedema, S.A., & Ma, Y., "The Cutting of Water Saturated Sand at Large Cutting
Angles (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 3.6 MB)". Proc. Dredging02, May 5-8, Orlando,
Florida, USA.
68. Miedema, S.A., & Lu, Z., "The Dynamic Behavior of a Diesel Engine (Adobe
Acrobat PDF-File 363 kB)". Proc. WEDA XXII Technical Conference & 34th Texas
A&M Dredging Seminar, June 12-15, Denver, Colorado, USA.
69. Miedema, S.A., & He, Y., "The Existance of Kinematic Wedges at Large Cutting
Angles (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 4 MB)". Proc. WEDA XXII Technical Conference
& 34th Texas A&M Dredging Seminar, June 12-15, Denver, Colorado, USA.
70. Ma, Y., Vlasblom, W.J., Miedema, S.A., Matousek, V., "Measurement of Density and
Velocity in Hydraulic Transport using Tomography". Dredging Days 2002, Dredging
without boundaries, Casablanca, Morocco, V64-V73, 22-24 October 2002.
71. Ma, Y., Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., "Theoretical Simulation of the
Measurements Process of Electrical Impedance Tomography". Asian Simulation
Conference/5th International Conference on System Simulation and Scientific
Computing, Shanghai, 3-6 November 2002, p. 261-265, ISBN 7-5062-5571-5/TP.75.
72. Thanh, N.Q., & Miedema, S.A., "Automotive Electricity and Electronics". Delft
University of Technology and CICAT, Delft December 2002.
73. Miedema, S.A., Willemse, H.R., "Report on MHO5/6 Mission to Vietnam". Delft
University of Technology and CICAT, Delft Januari 2003.
74. Ma, Y., Miedema, S.A., Matousek, V., Vlasblom, W.J., "Tomography as a
Measurement Method for Density and Velocity Distributions". 23rd WEDA
Technical Conference & 35th TAMU Dredging Seminar, Chicago, USA, june 2003.
75. Miedema, S.A., Lu, Z., Matousek, V., "Numerical Simulation of a Development of a
Density Wave in a Long Slurry Pipeline". 23rd WEDA Technical Conference & 35th
TAMU Dredging Seminar, Chicago, USA, june 2003.
76. Miedema, S.A., Lu, Z., Matousek, V., "Numerical simulation of the development of
density waves in a long pipeline and the dynamic system behavior". Terra et Aqua,
No. 93, p. 11-23.
77. Miedema, S.A., Frijters, D., "The Mechanism of Kinematic Wedges at Large Cutting
Angles - Velocity and Friction Measurements". 23rd WEDA Technical Conference
& 35th TAMU Dredging Seminar, Chicago, USA, june 2003.
78. Tri, Nguyen Van, Miedema, S.A., Heijer, J. den, "Machine Manufacturing
Technology". Lecture notes, Delft University of Technology, Cicat and Cantho
University Vietnam, August 2003.
79. Miedema, S.A., "MHO5/6 Phase Two Mission Report". Report on a mission to
Cantho University Vietnam October 2003. Delft University of Technology and
CICAT, November 2003.
80. Zwanenburg, M., Holstein, J.D., Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., "The Exploitation
of Cockle Shells". CEDA Dredging Days 2003, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
November 2003.
81. Zhi, L., Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., Verheul, C.H., "Modeling and Simulation of
the Dynamic Behaviour of TSHD's Suction Pipe System by using Adams". CHIDA
Dredging Days, Shanghai, China, november 2003.
82. Miedema, S.A., "The Existence of Kinematic Wedges at Large Cutting Angles".
CHIDA Dredging Days, Shanghai, China, november 2003.
83. Miedema, S.A., Lu, Z., Matousek, V., "Numerical Simulation of the Development of
Density Waves in a Long Pipeline and the Dynamic System Behaviour". Terra et
Aqua 93, December 2003.
84. Miedema, S.A. & Frijters, D.D.J., "The wedge mechanism for cutting of water
saturated sand at large cutting angles". WODCON XVII, September 2004, Hamburg
Germany.
85. Verheul, O. & Vercruijsse, P.M. & Miedema, S.A., "The development of a concept
for accurate and efficient dredging at great water depths". WODCON XVII,
September 2004, Hamburg Germany.
86. Miedema, S.A., "THE CUTTING MECHANISMS OF WATER SATURATED
SAND AT SMALL AND LARGE CUTTING ANGLES". International Conference
on Coastal Infrastructure Development - Challenges in the 21st Century. HongKong,
november 2004.
87. Ir. M. Zwanenburg , Dr. Ir. S.A. Miedema , Ir J.D. Holstein , Prof.ir. W.J.Vlasblom,
"REDUCING THE DAMAGE TO THE SEA FLOOR WHEN DREDGING
COCKLE SHELLS". WEDAXXIV & TAMU36, Orlando, Florida, USA, July 2004.
88. Verheul, O. & Vercruijsse, P.M. & Miedema, S.A., "A new concept for accurate and
efficient dredging in deep water". Ports & Dredging, IHC, 2005, E163.
89. Miedema, S.A., "Scrapped?". Dredging & Port Construction, September 2005.
90. Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., " Bureaustudie Overvloeiverliezen". In opdracht
van Havenbedrijf Rotterdam, September 2005, Confidential.
91. He, J., Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., "FEM Analyses Of Cutting Of Anisotropic
Densely Compacted and Saturated Sand", WEDAXXV & TAMU37, New Orleans,
USA, June 2005.
92. Miedema, S.A., "The Cutting of Water Saturated Sand, the FINAL Solution".
WEDAXXV & TAMU37, New Orleans, USA, June 2005.
93. Miedema, S.A. & Massie, W., "Selfassesment MSc Offshore Engineering", Delft
University of Technology, October 2005.
94. Miedema, S.A., "THE CUTTING OF WATER SATURATED SAND, THE
SOLUTION". CEDA African Section: Dredging Days 2006 - Protection of the
coastline, dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3, Tangiers, Morocco.
95. Miedema, S.A., "La solution de prélèvement par désagrégation du sable saturé en
eau". CEDA African Section: Dredging Days 2006 - Protection of the coastline,
dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3, Tangiers, Morocco.
96. Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., "THE CLOSING PROCESS OF CLAMSHELL
DREDGES IN WATER-SATURATED SAND". CEDA African Section: Dredging
Days 2006 - Protection of the coastline, dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3,
Tangiers, Morocco.
97. Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., "Le processus de fermeture des dragues à benne
preneuse en sable saturé". CEDA African Section: Dredging Days 2006 - Protection
of the coastline, dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3, Tangiers, Morocco.
98. Miedema, S.A. "THE CUTTING OF WATER SATURATED SAND, THE
SOLUTION". The 2nd China Dredging Association International Conference &
Exhibition, themed 'Dredging and Sustainable Development' and in Guangzhou,
China, May 17-18 2006.
99. Ma, Y, Ni, F. & Miedema, S.A., "Calculation of the Blade Cutting Force for small
Cutting Angles based on MATLAB". The 2nd China Dredging Association
 International Conference & Exhibition, themed 'Dredging and Sustainable
Development' and in Guangzhou, China, May 17-18 2006.
100. ,"
" (download). The 2nd China Dredging
Association International Conference & Exhibition, themed 'Dredging and
Sustainable Development' and in Guangzhou, China, May 17-18 2006.
101. Miedema, S.A. , Kerkvliet, J., Strijbis, D., Jonkman, B., Hatert, M. v/d, "THE
DIGGING AND HOLDING CAPACITY OF ANCHORS". WEDA XXVI AND
TAMU 38, San Diego, California, June 25-28, 2006.
102. Schols, V., Klaver, Th., Pettitt, M., Ubuan, Chr., Miedema, S.A., Hemmes, K.
& Vlasblom, W.J., "A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF FUEL
CELLS IN OIL AND GAS SURFACE PRODUCTION FACILITIES". Proceedings
of FUELCELL2006, The 4th International Conference on FUEL CELL SCIENCE,
ENGINEERING and TECHNOLOGY, June 19-21, 2006, Irvine, CA.
103. Miedema, S.A., "Polytechnisch Zakboek 51ste druk, Hoofdstuk G:
Werktuigbouwkunde", pG1-G88, Reed Business Information, ISBN-10:
90.6228.613.5, ISBN-13: 978.90.6228.613.3. Redactie: Fortuin, J.B., van Herwijnen,
F., Leijendeckers, P.H.H., de Roeck, G. & Schwippert, G.A.
104. MA Ya-sheng, NI Fu-sheng, S.A. Miedema, "Mechanical Model of Water
Saturated Sand Cutting at Blade Large Cutting Angles", Journal of Hohai University
Changzhou, ISSN 1009-1130, CN 32-1591, 2006.
绞刀片大角度切削水饱和沙的力学模型, 马亚生[1] 倪福生[1] S.A.Miedema[2],
《河海大学常州分校学报》-2006年20卷3期 -59-61页
105. Miedema, S.A., Lager, G.H.G., Kerkvliet, J., “An Overview of Drag
Embedded Anchor Holding Capacity for Dredging and Offshore Applications”.
WODCON, Orlando, USA, 2007.
106. Miedema, S.A., Rhee, C. van, “A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON THE
EFFECTS OF DIMENSIONS AND GEOMETRY OF TRAILING SUCTION
HOPPER DREDGES”. WODCON ORLANDO, USA, 2007.
107. Miedema, S.A., Bookreview: Useless arithmetic, why environmental scientists
can't predict the future, by Orrin H. Pilkey & Linda Pilkey-Jarvis. Terra et Aqua 108,
September 2007, IADC, The Hague, Netherlands.
108. Miedema, S.A., Bookreview: The rock manual: The use of rock in hydraulic
engineering, by CIRIA, CUR, CETMEF. Terra et Aqua 110, March 2008, IADC, The
Hague, Netherlands.
109. Miedema, S.A., "An Analytical Method To Determine Scour". WEDA
XXVIII & Texas A&M 39. St. Louis, USA, June 8-11, 2008.
110. Miedema, S.A., "A Sensitivity Analysis Of The Production Of Clamshells".
WEDA XXVIII & Texas A&M 39. St. Louis, USA, June 8-11, 2008.
111. Miedema, S.A., "An Analytical Approach To The Sedimentation Process In
Trailing Suction Hopper Dredgers". Terra et Aqua 112, September 2008, IADC, The
Hague, Netherlands.
112. Hofstra, C.F., & Rhee, C. van, & Miedema, S.A. & Talmon, A.M., "On The
Particle Trajectories In Dredge Pump Impellers". 14th International Conference
Transport & Sedimentation Of Solid Particles. June 23-27 2008, St. Petersburg,
Russia.
113. Miedema, S.A., "A Sensitivity Analysis Of The Production Of Clamshells".
WEDA Journal of Dredging Engineering, December 2008.
 114. Miedema, S.A., "New Developments Of Cutting Theories With Respect To
Dredging, The Cutting Of Clay And Rock". WEDA XXIX & Texas A&M 40.
Phoenix Arizona, USA, June 14-17 2009.
115. Miedema, S.A., "A Sensitivity Analysis Of The Scaling Of TSHD's". WEDA
XXIX & Texas A&M 40. Phoenix Arizona, USA, June 14-17 2009.
116. Liu, Z., Ni, F., Miedema, S.A., “Optimized design method for TSHD’s swell
compensator, basing on modelling and simulation”. International Conference on
Industrial Mechatronics and Automation, pp. 48-52. Chengdu, China, May 15-16,
2009.
117. Miedema, S.A., "The effect of the bed rise velocity on the sedimentation
process in hopper dredges". Journal of Dredging Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1 , 10-31,
2009.
118. Miedema, S.A., “New developments of cutting theories with respect to
offshore applications, the cutting of sand, clay and rock”. ISOPE 2010, Beijing China,
June 2010.
119. Miedema, S.A., “The influence of the strain rate on cutting processes”. ISOPE
2010, Beijing China, June 2010.
120. Ramsdell, R.C., Miedema, S.A., “Hydraulic transport of sand/shell mixtures”.
WODCON XIX, Beijing China, September 2010.
121. Abdeli, M., Miedema, S.A., Schott, D., Alvarez Grima, M., “The application
of discrete element modeling in dredging”. WODCON XIX, Beijing China,
September 2010.
122. Hofstra, C.F., Miedema, S.A., Rhee, C. van, “Particle trajectories near
impeller blades in centrifugal pumps. WODCON XIX, Beijing China, September
2010.
123. Miedema, S.A., “Constructing the Shields curve, a new theoretical approach
and its applications”. WODCON XIX, Beijing China, September 2010.
124. Miedema, S.A., “The effect of the bed rise velocity on the sedimentation
process in hopper dredges”. WODCON XIX, Beijing China, September 2010.