CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

INTRODUCTION

After a long day from work, body pains are often experienced by working

adults. Even from doing vigorous workouts for the need to exercise, muscle aches

are always inevitable. This study mainly focuses on Rheumatism, a disease that

causes stiffness in the muscles and joints, which also inflicts pain on both parts,

and unfortunately, encountered by most adults and working elders. The lack of

appropriate medications can lead to joint destruction and disability (Heidan, 2011).

Thus, this complication inspired the researchers to produce a medicine that

can help relieve the stiffness and pain from the aching muscles and swelling joints.

There are products known in the market that are good for creating remedies. On

the other hand, there are some products that become undependable due to some

chemicals placed by manufacturers that may result to unwanted outcomes.

Unlike these products, liniments give off a nice soothing effect to the skin

and are easily applicable. It also has the capability to result to a quick development

in the affected area(s) without the need to use of untrusted inorganic materials for

additional purposes. Thus, the researchers chose to use this type of medication

for its multiple advantages.

The researchers seek to work on a new and sufficient liniment using the

herbal plant Panyawan (Tinospora rumphii) in coordination with its anti-rheumatic

best prescribed effective for fevers and rheumatism (Tan & Bajo, 2014). The

researchers determine to create this type of medication by using pure leaf extract

from the panyawan leaves.

The purpose of this study in creating a liniment effective and reliable enough

is, not only as a solution for those who suffer from rheumatism and muscle

stiffness, but also to test the capabilities of this herbal plant. Conducting this

research would be an opportunity to further expand the knowledge and

understanding of the Tinospora rumphii, and to use it as an advantage for future

studies in the fields of Biology and Medicine.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to produce an anti-rheumatic liniment out of the pure extract

of panyawan leaves.

The researchers would like to answer the following questions:

1. Is the liniment effective by means of the following:

1.1. Its anti-rheumatic effectiveness to extirpate the effects of

rheumatism?

1.2. Its rehabilitative activity to return the affected areas to normal?

2. Is the liniment able to fully eradicate and cease the effects of rheumatism

on the affected area without the need of using other medications like

speeding up the healing process?

diseases or physical problems other than rheumatism and improving the

quality of the skin?

Hypothesis

The liniment made from the pure leaf extract of Tinospora rumphii

(Panyawan) proves effective and better in ceasing the effects of Rheumatism and

treating any other possible diseases with it compared to commercial liniments that

also indulge in treating Rheumatism.

Significance of the Study

The panyawan is an herbal plant that is largely used in traditional herbal

medicine that treats various conditions including rheumatism. This study could help

the industry in the field of Medicine about the advantages in using this plant and

its potential to treat different diseases such as, in this case, rheumatism.

This study aims to help those who suffer from rheumatism, especially

working adults and elders who are prone to muscle aches and swelling of joints

due to their daily activities.

The future researchers would be able to use the knowledge this study offers

about the panyawan plant into their own advantage in creating an herbal liniment

for their future studies to aid the ones who suffer from rheumatism and similar

types of disease.
 Finally, for the researchers who will be conducting this study, in order to aid

those who are suffering from this type of disease and further understand the

potential of this herbal plant, that they may find success at the end of their journey.

Scope and Delimitations

This study will be conducted on April this 2019. The researchers will use

pure leaf extract from panyawan leaves as the main component in making a

liniment. The research will be conducted at the research laboratory within the

ANSHS campus. Chi-square is the statistical tool that shall be used for the study

only has two variables. The researchers will test the liniment on a rheuma-induced

lab rat to perceive the effect of the panyawan liniment. The resources will be

gathered from within the boundaries of Prk.1 Buayan, General Santos City.

Definition of Terms

For clarity and better understanding of this study, the following terms are

operationally defined.

Liniment. This refers to the main type of medicine chosen by the

researchers to be used in this study that the panyawan can be made into to treat

rheumatism.

Panyawan. This refers to the plant that this study focuses on and will be

extracted of pure leaf extract in order to create an herbal liniment, also known

scientifically as Tinospora rumphii.

leaves that is the main component in making the herbal liniment for this study.

Rheumatism. This refers to the disease that the researchers aim to

eradicate with the panyawan liniment as it is also a major problem of working adults

and elders.

Rotary Evaporator. This refers to a device used in chemical laboratories

for the efficient and gentle removal of solvents from samples by evaporation.

Wistar Rats. This refers to the rats to be used on the experiment that shall

be induced with rheumatism for the liniment to be tested on.

Anti-inflammatory Liniment. This refers to the type of liniment that

reduces inflammation, considerably similar to an anti-rheumatic liniment.