Module 1
Microsoft Technology Associate
Networking Fundamentals
Chapter 1
Pristiwan Haryanto
pristiwan@[Link]
@pristione
2017 – Pristiwan H
Course Topics
Network Fundamentals
01 | Understanding Local Area Networking
02 | Defining Networks with the OSI Model
03 | Understanding Wired and Wireless Networks
04 | Understanding Internet Protocol (IP)
05 | TCP/IP Tools
06 | Network Services
07 | Understanding Wide Area Networks
08 | Defining Network Infrastructure and Security
2 (2017) by Pristiwan
1
Module 1
Understanding Local Area Networking
Module 1
2017 – Pristiwan H
Objectives
Skills/Concepts Objective Domain Objective Domain
Description Number
Examining Local Area Understand local area 1.2
Networks, Devices and networks (LANS)
Data Transfers
Identifying Network Understand network 1.5
Topologies and topologies and access
Standards methods
4 (2017) by Pristiwan
2
Module 1
Network components and Terminology
Data Switch
Node Router
Client Media
Server Transport Protocol
Peer Bandwidth
Network adapter
Hub
5 (2017) by Pristiwan
Local Area Network
A Local Area Network A LAN is a group of
(LAN) is group of computers or devices that
computers confined to a share a common
small geographic area, communication medium,
such as a single building such as cabled or wireless
connections
6 (2017) by Pristiwan
3
Module 1
Networks
Networks are used to exchange data
Reasons for networks include
Sharing information
Communication
Organizing data
7 (2017) by Pristiwan
Network Documentation
Network documentation helps describe, define, and explain
the physical and logical method for connecting devices
The documentation phase occurs before a network is built,
or when changes are made to the network
Microsoft Visio is a tool that can be used to document
networks
8 (2017) by Pristiwan
4
Module 1
Hub
A Hub is the most basic
central connecting device
Hubs enable computers on a •
network to communicate
A host sends data to the
hub. The hub sends the data •
to all devices connected to
the hub
9 (2017) by Pristiwan
Switch
Switches work the same
was as a hub, but they can
identify the intended •
recipient of the data
Switches can send and
receive data at the same •
time
10 (2017) by Pristiwan
5
Module 1
Router
Internet
Routers enable computers to
communicate and allow
[Link]
communication between two 10
networks – such as your
home network and the
Internet
This communications link
between the one network 192.168.1.
and the other is where the 1
LAN ends
11 (2017) by Pristiwan
Network Adapter and RJ45 Patch Cable
A network adapter, also known RJ45 is the most common
as a network interface card type of network adapter
(NIC), is the hardware device connection
that enables you to send and
receive from your computer
A network adapter can connect to the network by using
cable (wired) or by air (wireless)
12 (2017) by Pristiwan
6
Module 1
Wireless Access Point
The wireless access point (WAP) acts as the central connecting device for
the network
Wireless networks can consist of many types of devices other than traditional
PCs:
Smart phones
PDAs
Tablet computers
Micro computers
PCs and laptops equipped with wireless network adapters can connect to
these networks as well
13 (2017) by Pristiwan
Demo
Device Manager Showing Network Adapters
Network Adapter Properties
IP Address
14 (2017) by Pristiwan
7
Module 1
Serial Data Transfer
Serial data transfer is the transfer of one bit at a time—in
other words, transfer in a single-bit stream, like a one lane
highway
On the network cable, data travels in a single bit stream
15 (2017) by Pristiwan
Data Transfer Rate
Data transfer rate defines the maximum bits per
second (bps) that can be transmitted over a
network
Rated in bits, and signified with a lowercase b (for
example, 10 Mbps)
The lowercase b differentiates this unit from data
that is stored on a hard drive, which uses an upper
case B that stands for bytes (for example 10 MB)
Types of Transfers
Broadcast sends data to every other host on the
network
Unicast sends data to a specific host
16 (2017) by Pristiwan
8
Module 1
IP Address
Most every computer and many other devices have an
Internet Protocol (IP) address
An IP address uniquely identifies your device and the
associated network and allows each device to send and
receive information
A typical example of an IPv4 address would be [Link]
Every IP address is broken down into two parts by a subnet
address
Network ID 192.168.1
Host ID 1
17 (2017) by Pristiwan
Subnet Mask
The subnet mask is a group of four numbers that define what IP network the
computer is a member of.
All of the 255s in a subnet mask collectively refer to the network portion, whereas
the 0s refer to the host portion.
Type of First Octet Second Third Octet Fourth Octet
Address Octet
IP Address 192 168 1 1
Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0
18 (2017) by Pristiwan
9
Module 1
Host
IP addresses are usually applied to your network adapter, but they can also be
applied to other devices like switches, routers, and so on
The fact that a device or computer has an IP address is what makes it a host
19 (2017) by Pristiwan
LAN
Computers and other devices are connected using copper-
based twisted-pair cables or wireless equipment
20 (2017) by Pristiwan
10
Module 1
Virtual LAN
A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a group of hosts with a common set of requirements that
communicate as if they were connected together in a normal fashion on one
switch, regardless of their physical location.
Port 1: VLAN1 Port 6: VLAN1
Port 2: VLAN1 Port 7: VLAN2
Port 3: VLAN2 Port 8: VLAN1
Port 4: Port 9:
Port 5: VLAN1 Port 10:
21 (2017) by Pristiwan
Network Topology
A network topology defines the physical connections of hosts in a computer
network.
There are several types of physical topologies including:
Bus
Ring
Star
Mesh
Tree
22 (2017) by Pristiwan
11
Module 1
Star Topology
Most Common
topology
Each computer is
individually wired to a
central connecting
device (hub, switch
or SOHO router) with
twisted-pair cabling
23 (2017) by Pristiwan
Mesh Topology
Every computer
connects to every
other computer; no
central connecting
device is needed.
24 (2017) by Pristiwan
12
Module 1
Ring Topology
In a LAN environment,
each computer is
connected to the network
using a closed loop
Used by Token Ring and
Fiber Distributed Data
Interface (FDDI)
25 (2017) by Pristiwan
Token Ring
A Token Ring network sends data logically in a ring fashion, meaning that a token
goes to each computer, one at a time, and continues on in cycles
Physically Token Ring computers are connected in a star fashion
Namely, all computers in a Token Ring network are connected to a central
connecting device known as a Multistation Access Unit (MAU or MSAU)
26 (2017) by Pristiwan
13
Module 1
Ethernet
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard (802.3) that
defines how information is sent and received between network adapters, hubs,
switches, and other devices
Ethernet is the de facto standard and is the most widely-installed local area
network technology
Common types of Ethernet include:
802.3u or Fast Ethernet that runs at 100 Mbps
802.3ab or Gigabit Ethernet
27 (2017) by Pristiwan
Frames
Computers on Ethernet networks communicate via frames
A frame is a sequence of bits containing a detectable beginning and end of a
packet in the stream of bits
A frame is a data packet residing on Layer 2 of the OSI model
frame
preamble crc
(8 bytes) (4 bytes)
28 (2017) by Pristiwan
14
Module 1
Centralized Computing
Computing is done at a central location using terminals that are attached to this
main system
Mainframes are a powerful computer and the rest of the devices connected to the
computer are known as terminals (or dumb terminals)
Each terminal consisted solely of a keyboard and display with no processing
power
29 (2017) by Pristiwan
Client/Server Model
The client/server model is an architecture that distributes applications between
servers and client computers
Server: System that provides services such as Windows Server 2008 R2
Client: Device that requests services such as Windows 7
30 (2017) by Pristiwan
15
Module 1
Peer-to-Peer Networking
Peer-to-peer networking distributes applications or workloads between computers
Peers are both service providers and service requestors
31 (2017) by Pristiwan
Distributed Computing
Distributive computing includes both client-server and peer-to-peer networks
Every device or workstation has its own processing power
32 (2017) by Pristiwan
16
Module 1
Remote Desktop Services and Remote Sessions
Centralized computing has made a comeback of sorts. Remote Desktop Services
and remote sessions to computers are based off of the centralized computing
model
Thin-client computers do not have a hard drive and store an operating system in
RAM, to be loaded up every time the device is turned on
All other applications and data are stored centrally, this system is a blend of
centralized and distributive computing
33 (2017) by Pristiwan
Servers
More powerful computers that provide centralized services:
File
Print
Database
Network controller
Messaging/Email
Web
34 (2017) by Pristiwan
17
Module 1
Client and Server Operating Systems
Client Operating Systems Server Operating Systems
Windows 8 Windows Server 2012
Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Server 2008
Windows Vista Windows Server 2003
Windows XP
Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Server
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation Windows NT 4.0 Server
Windows ME/98/95
35 (2017) by Pristiwan
P2P
Peer-to-peer or P2P has recently taking on an additional meaning
P2P can also refer to file sharing networks
Examples of file sharing networks
Napster
Gnutella
G2
Other technologies also take advantage of P2P file sharing:
Skype
VoIP
Cloud computing
36 (2017) by Pristiwan
18
Module 1
Summary
Understand local area networks (LANs), including but not limited to LAN elements,
design, perimeter networks, IP addressing, and LAN types
Understand network topologies and access methods, including topologies such as
star, mesh, and ring; Ethernet architecture; and the client-server and peer-to-peer
networking models
37 (2017) by Pristiwan
19
