EEE 471/591: Power System Analysis

Spring 2019 Project #1 (Power Flow)

Due on Mar 31 (Sunday), 2019 at 11:59 PM (MST)
Please Submit Your Project Report through Canvas Course Website

Project 1 (100 Points)

You’ve just been hired as a new power engineer with Kyle and Weber Wind (KWW), one of the country’s
leading wind energy developers. KWW has identified the rolling hills to the northwest of the Metropolis
urban area as an ideal location for a new 200 MW wind farm. The local utility, Metropolis Light and
Power (MLP), seems amenable to this new generation development taking place within their service
territory. However, they are also quite adamant that any of the costs associated with transmission system
upgrades necessary to site this new generation be funded by KWW. Therefore, your supervisor at KWW
has requested that you do a preliminary transmission planning assessment to determine the least cost
design.

Hence, your job is to make recommendations on the least cost design for the construction of new lines and
transformers to ensure that the transmission system in the MLP system is adequate for any base case or
first contingency loading situation when the KWW wind farm is installed and operating at its maximum
output of 200 MW. Since the wind farm will be built with Type 3 DFAG wind turbines, you can model
the wind farm in the power flow as a single, equivalent traditional PV bus generator with an output of 200
MW, a voltage setpoint of 1.05 per unit, and with reactive power limits of 100 Mvar. In keeping with
KWW tradition, the wind interconnection point will be at 69 kV, and for reliability purposes your
supervisor requests that there be two separate feeds into the interconnection substation.

The following table shows the available right-of-way distances for the construction of new 69 kV and/or
new 138 kV lines. All existing 69 kV only substations are large enough to accommodate 138 kV as well.

Design Procedure:
1. Install PowerWorld Simulator. The free educational version of PowerWorld Simulator can be
downloaded at [Link] Load DesignCase1 into
PowerWorld Simulator. This case contains the initial system power flow case, and the
disconnected KWW generator and its interconnection bus. Perform an initial power-flow solution
to determine the initial system operating point. From this solution you should find that all the line
flows and bus voltage magnitudes are within their limits. Assume all line and transformer MVA
flows must be at or below 100% of their limit values, and all voltages must be between 0.95 and
1.10 per unit.

2. Repeat the above analysis considering the impact of any single transmission line or transformer
outage. This is known as n-1 contingency analysis. To simplify this analysis, PowerWorld

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 Simulator has the ability to automatically perform a contingency analysis study. Select Tools,
Contingency Analysis to show the Contingency Analysis display. Note that the 57 single
line/transformer contingencies are already defined. Select Start Run (toward the bottom right
corner of the display) to automatically see the impact of removing any single element. Without the
KWW generation the system has no contingency (n-1) violations.

3. Using the available rights-of-ways and the transmission line parameters/costs given in the table,
iteratively determine the least expensive system additions so that the base case and all the
contingences result in reliable operation points with the KWW generation connected with an
output of 200 MW.

4. The parameters of the new transmission lines(s) need to be derived using the tower configurations
and conductor types. For tower configuration assume an equal conductor spacing. The conductor
spacing is [Link] feet. (XXXX is the last four digits of your Student ID number).

5. In addition, the transmission changes you propose will modify the total system losses, indicated
by the yellow field on the one-line. While the system losses are not KWW’s responsibility, your
supervisor has asked you to consider the impact your design changes will have on the total system
losses assuming the system operates in the studied condition for the next five years. Hence, you
should minimize the total construction costs minus the savings associated with any decrease in
system losses over the next five years.

6. Write a detailed report including the justification for your final recommendation. You should
clearly state all the necessary justifications for your final recommendation, such as your
transmission line parameter calculation procedure, the power flow results, one-line diagrams,
system losses, construction costs for various scenarios you tested, your economic impact
evaluation procedure, etc.

Simplifying Assumptions:
To simplify the analysis, several assumptions are made:

1. You need only consider the base case loading level given in DesignCase1. In a real design,
typically a number of different operating points/loading levels must be considered.

2. You should consider all the generator real power outputs, including that of the new KWW
generation, as fixed values. The change in the total system generation due to the addition of the
200 MW in KWW generation and any changes in the system losses are always picked up by the
system slack.

3. You should not modify the status of the capacitors or the transformer taps.

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 4. In calculating the transmission line parameters, you can use short line models that just include
series impedance (resistance and reactance). Hence you can neglect the shunt admittance
(capacitance).

5. You should assume that the system losses remain constant over the five-year period, and you need
only consider the impact and new design has on the base case losses. The price for losses can be
assumed to be $50/MWh.

6. You do not need to consider contingencies involving the new transmission lines and possibly any
transformers you may be adding. Hence, you do not need to modify the contingency list in the
Contingency Analysis tool (mentioned in Design Procedure 1).

7. While an appropriate control response to a contingency might be to decrease the KWW wind farm
output (by changing the pitch on the wind turbine blades), your supervisor has specifically asked
you not to consider this possibility. Therefore the KWW generator should always be assumed to
have a 200 MW output.

Available New Rights-of-Ways:

Right-of-Way/Substation Right-of-Way Mileage(km)

KWW to PAI 9.66
KWW to PETE 11.91
KWW to DEMAR 19.31
KWW to GROSS 7.24
KWW to HISKY 18.02
KWW to TIM 20.92
KWW to RAY 24.14
KWW to ZEB 17.7

Transmission System Design Costs:

1. Transmission lines (69 kV and 138 kV):
New transmission lines include a fixed cost and a variable cost. The fixed cost is for the design work, the
purchase/installation of the three-phase circuit breakers, associated relays, and changes to the substation
bus structure. The fixed costs are $200,000 for a 138-kV line and $125,000 for a 69-kV line.

The variable costs depend on the type of conductor and the length of the line. The assumed cost in $/km
are given here.

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 Conductor Type Current Rating (Amps) 138-kV Lines 69-kV Lines
Rook 770 $250,000/km $200,000/km
Crow 830 $270,000/km $220,000/km
Condor 900 $290,000/km $240,000/km
Cardinal 1110 $310,000/km N/A

Line impedance data and MVA ratings are determined based on the conductor type and tower
configuration. The conductor characteristics are given in Table A.4 of the book.

2. Transformers (138 kV/69 kV):

Transformer costs include associated circuit breakers, relaying and installation. For a transformer with a
101-MVA limit, the construction cost is $950,000. For a transformer with a 187-MVA limit, the
construction cost is $1,200,000.

Assume any new 138/69 kV transformer has 0.0025 per unit resistance and 0.04 per unit reactance on a
100-MVA base.

3. Bus work
The cost for upgrading a 69-kV substation to a 138/69-kV substation is $200,000.

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