Scribd
Upload
175 views4 pages

First Dark Ring Angle in Diffraction

This document contains 10 problems solving various optics concepts using principles of diffraction and interference. Problem 1 calculates wavelength using Fraunhofer diffraction. Problem 2 calculates the distance between interference fringes. Problem 3 calculates the width of the central bright fringe in a diffraction pattern. The remaining problems apply concepts of diffraction gratings, resolving power, and interference of light to calculate angles, wavelengths, distances and other parameters.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
175 views4 pages

First Dark Ring Angle in Diffraction

This document contains 10 problems solving various optics concepts using principles of diffraction and interference. Problem 1 calculates wavelength using Fraunhofer diffraction. Problem 2 calculates the distance between interference fringes. Problem 3 calculates the width of the central bright fringe in a diffraction pattern. The remaining problems apply concepts of diffraction gratings, resolving power, and interference of light to calculate angles, wavelengths, distances and other parameters.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solution Tutorial sheet 3

1. For Fraunhofer diffraction , for pth minimum b sin   p


Here p = 1, b = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10-3 m

Therefore sin 1  (1)
0.2  10 3
y
Also sin  p  f where distance of the lens from the screen is equal to the focal

length of the lens


Here y = 5 mm = 5 x 10-3 mm and f = 2 m
5  10 3
Therefore sin 1  (2)
2
From (1) and (2)
λ = 500 nm

2. diameter of aperture b = 10 μm = 10-5 m


focal length of lens f = 1 m
λ = 5 x 10-7 m
let y be the distance between the centre of central maximum and the first dark

f
ring, then y   5cm
b

3. The first dark fringe is on either side of the central bright fringe. Here p = ±1,
D = 2 m, λ = 6000 A0 = 6000 x 10-10 m
x
sin  
D
b = 0.30 mm =3 x 10-4 m
b sinθ = pλ
ax
 p
D
therefore x = ± 4 x 10-3 m
(+ve and –ve sign corresponds to dark fringes on either side of the cental bright
fringe.
width of central bright fringe y = 2x = 8 mm

4. b sinθ = pλ, where θ is half angular width of central maximum.


p = 1, a = 12 x 10-5 cm = 12 x 10-7 m, λ = 6000 x 10-10 m.
Therefore θ = 300
Angular width of central maximum = 2θ = 600.

5. Condition for diffraction minima is b sinθ = pλ .


Assume that θ be very small (measured in radians) so sinθ ≈ θ
Thus angle corresponding to first minima is
θ = pλ / b = (1 x 5 x 10-5) / (2 x 10-2) = 2.5 x 10-3 rad
and to second minima is
= (2 x 5 x 10-5) / (2 x 10-2) = 5 x 10-3 rad
the minima will be separated by the distance = fΔθ = (5 x 10-3 - 2.5 x 10-3) x 20 =
0.05 cm.

6. no. of lines per cm = 4000


grating element = a + b = 1/4000 cm = 2.5 x 10-6 m.
order of principal maximum = p = 1
if θ be the angle of diffraction then (a + b) sinθ = pλ
sinθ = (1 x 500 x 10-9) / (2.5 x 10-6) = 0.2
θ = 11.50.

7. the condition for pth principal maxima is (a + b) sinθ = pλ


since maximum value for θp = π/2, hence highest value of p is given by
(a + b) sin π/2 = pλ
 p = (a + b) / λ
now a + b = 1.5 x 10-6 m; λ = 550 x 10-9 m
 p = 2.7.
hence only 2nd order principal maxima can be seen and 3rd and higher order
maxima will be invisible.
8. λ = 589.3 x 10-9 m, dλ = 0.6 x 10-9 m, p = 1, N = ?

As R   Np
d

 N  d  p = 982 lines

1.22
9. limit of resolution is  
b
if x is the distance between two points on moon, then
x
 
r
 x = θ * r = (1.22 λ b) / r
here b = 500 cm, λ = 55 x 10-8 m and r = 3.8 x 108 m.
then x = 50.996 m

10. here a = 0.02 mm = 2 x 10-5 m, b = 0.1 mm = 10-4 m


(a + b) = 1.2 x 10-4 m , λ = 48 x 10-7 m, D = 50 cm = 0.5 m
the angular separation between two consecutive fringes is
3 
sinθ2 - sinθ1 = θ2 – θ1 = θ = 
2(a  b) 2(a  b)

 x
  also  
( a  b) D

D 4.8  10 7  0.5
 x   2  10 3 m
(a  b) 1.2  10  4

x = 2 mm
the angular separation between the central maximum and the first minimum is

sinθ = θ =
2( a  b)

x1

D
D 4.8  10 7  0.5
x1    1  10 3 m
2( a  b ) 2  1.2  10  4
x1 = 1 mm
the distance between central maximum and first minimum is 1 mm.

You might also like