PERIDO, JOHN PAULO M.

AENG 260 -EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS

MSAE – FPM PROBLEM SET I
2018-68796 DR. DELFIN C. SUMINISTRADO

1.4 At a point in a stressed body, the Cartesian components of stress are σxx = 75 MPa, σyy = 60

MPa, σzz = 50 MPa, τxy = 25 MPa, τyz = -25 MPa, τzx = 30 MPa. Determine the normal and shear

stresses on a plane whose outer normal has the direction cosines

12 15 16
cos (n,x) = 25 cos (n,y) = 25 cos (n,z) = 25

Solution:

(a) Tnx = σxx cos (n,x) + τyx cos (n,y) + τzx cos (n,z)

12 15 16
= 75 [25] + 25 [25] + 30 [25]

𝟑𝟓𝟏
= 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒐𝒓 𝟕𝟎. 𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟓

Tny = τxy cos (n,x) + σyy cos (n,y) + τzy cos (n,z)

12 15 16
= 25 [25] + 60 [25] − 25 [25]

= 𝟑𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Tnz = τxz cos (n,x) + τyz cos (n,y) + σzz cos (n,z)

12 15 16
= 30 [25] − 25 [25] + 50 [25]

𝟏𝟓𝟕
= 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝟏. 𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟓

2 + 𝑇2 + 𝑇2
|𝑇𝑛 | = √𝑇𝑛𝑥 𝑛𝑦 𝑛𝑧

351 2 157 2
|𝑇𝑛 | = √( 2
) + (32) + ( )
5 5

|𝑻𝒏 | = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟔𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑛 = 𝜏𝑛𝑥 cos(𝑛, 𝑥) + 𝜏𝑛𝑦 cos(𝑛, 𝑦) + 𝜏𝑛𝑧 cos(𝑛, 𝑧)

12 15 16
𝜎𝑛 = 70.2 ( ) + 32 ( ) + 31.4 ( )
25 25 25

𝝈𝒏 = 𝟕𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑛 = √𝑇𝑛 2 − 𝜎𝑛 2

𝜏𝑛 = √83.294657692 − 72.9922

𝝉𝒏 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟗𝟕𝟗𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂

1.13. At a point in a stressed body, the Cartesian components of stress are σxx = 100 MPa, σyy = 60

MPa, σzz = 50 MPa, τxy = 40 MPa, τyz = -30 MPa, τzx = 60 MPa. Transform this set of cartesian

stress components into a new set of cartesian stress components relative to an 𝑂𝑥’𝑦’𝑧’ set of

coordinates where the direction angles associated with the 𝑂𝑥’𝑦’𝑧’ are

x y z

x’ π/3 π/3 π/4

y’ 3π/4 π/4 π/2

z’ π/3 π/3 3π/4

x y z

x’ 60° 60° 45°

y’ 135° 45° 90°

z’ 60° 60° 135°

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 𝜎𝑥𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎𝑧𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) + 2𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦)

+ 2𝜏𝑦𝑧 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) + 2𝜏𝑧𝑥 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 100𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (60°) + 60𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (60°) + 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°) + 2(40) cos(60°) cos(60°)

+ 2(−30) cos(60°) cos(45°) + 2(60) cos(45°) cos(60°)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 25 + 15 + 25 + 20 − 15√2 + 30√2

𝝈𝒙′𝒙′ = 𝟏𝟎𝟔. 𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂

 𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎𝑧𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) + 𝜎𝑥𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 2𝜏𝑦𝑧 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

+ 2𝜏𝑧𝑥 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 2𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 60𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°) + 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + 100𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (135°) + 2(−30) cos(45°) cos(90°)

+ 2(60) cos(90°) cos(135°) + 2(40) cos(135°) cos(45°)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 30 + 0 + 50 + 0 + 0 − 40

𝝈𝒚′𝒚′ = 𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 𝜎𝑧𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) + 𝜎𝑥𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 2𝜏𝑧𝑥 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥)

+ 2𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧′, 𝑦) + 2𝜏𝑦𝑧 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (135°) + 100𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (60°) + 60𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (60°) + 2(60) cos(135°) cos(60°)

+ 2(40) cos(60°) cos(60°) + 2(−30) cos(60°) cos(135°)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 25 + 25 + 15 − 30√2 + 20 + 15√2

𝝈𝒛′𝒛′ = 𝟔𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟔𝟓𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 𝜎𝑥𝑥 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎𝑦𝑦 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎𝑧𝑧 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

+ 𝜏𝑥𝑦 [cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥)] + 𝜏𝑦𝑧 [cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

+ cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦)] + 𝜏𝑧𝑥 [cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)]

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 100 cos(60°) cos(135°) + 60 cos(60°) cos(45°) + 50 cos(45°) cos(90°)

+ 40 [cos(60°) cos(45°) + cos(60°) cos(135°)] + (−30) [cos(60°) cos(90°)

+ cos(45°) cos(45°)] + 60 [cos(45°) cos(135°) + cos(60°) cos(90°)]

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = −25√2 + 15√2 + 0 + 0 − 15 − 30

 𝝉𝒙′𝒚′ = −𝟓𝟗. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝜎𝑦𝑦 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎𝑧𝑧 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧′, 𝑧) + 𝜎𝑥𝑥 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥)

+ 𝜏𝑦𝑧 [cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) + cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦)] + 𝜏𝑧𝑥 [cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥)

+ cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)] + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 [cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥)]

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 60 cos(45°) cos(60°) + 50 cos(90°) cos(135°) + 100 cos(135°) cos(60°)

+ (−30) [cos(45°) cos(135°) + cos(90°) cos(60°)] + 60 [cos(90°) cos(60°)

+ cos(135°) cos(135°)] + 40 [cos(135°) cos(60°) + cos(45°) cos(60°)]

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 15√2 + 0 − 25√2 + 15 + 30 + 0

𝝉𝒚′𝒛′ = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟑𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝜎𝑧𝑧 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) + 𝜎𝑥𝑥 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥′, 𝑥) + 𝜎𝑦𝑦 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦)

+ 𝜏𝑧𝑥 [cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)] + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 [cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦)

+ cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥)] + 𝜏𝑦𝑧 [cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) + cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦)]

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 50 cos(135°) cos(45°) + 100 cos(60) cos(60°) + 60 cos(60°) cos(60)

+ 60 [cos(135°) cos(60°) + cos(60°) cos(45°)] + 40 [cos(60°) cos(60°)

+ cos(60°) cos(60°)] + (−30) [cos(60°) cos(45°) + cos(135°) cos(60°)]

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = −25 + 25 + 15 + 0 + 20 + 0

𝝉𝒛′𝒙′ = 𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
1.29. A two-dimensional state of stress (𝜎𝑧𝑧 = 𝜏𝑧𝑥 = 𝜏𝑧𝑦 = 0) exists at a point on the surface of a

machine component. The remaining Cartesian components of stress are σxx = 90 MPa, σyy = -80

MPa, τxy = -30 MPa. Determine (a) the principal stresses and their associated directions at the point

and (b) the maximum shear stress at the point.

𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎𝑦𝑦 = −80 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎𝑥𝑥 = 90 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜏𝑥𝑦 = −30 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Figure 1. Mohr Circle for 2D stresses

 Figure 1. Mohr Circle for plane stresses

(𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 ) 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 & 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ± √( ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2
2 2

(90 − 80) 90 + 80 2
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 & 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √
± ( ) + (−30)2
2 2
 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 & 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 5 ± 25√13 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝝈𝒎𝒊𝒏 = −𝟖𝟓. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Orientation of element

2𝜏𝑥𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃𝑝2 =
(𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 )

2(−30)
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃𝑝2 =
(90 + 80)

2𝜃𝑝2 = −19.4400483°

𝜽𝒑𝟐 = −𝟗. 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟒°

2𝜃𝑝1 = −19.4400483° + 180° = 160.5599652°

𝜽𝒑𝟏 = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟗°

Maximum shear stress

𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ±√( ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2
2

90 + 80 2
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ±√( ) + (−30)2
2

𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ± 𝟗𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Principal plane for normal stress

(𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 ) (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 )
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2 2

(90 − 80) (90 + 80)

𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−19.4400483°) + (−30)𝑠𝑖𝑛(−19.4400483°)
2 2

𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

(𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 ) (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 )
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2 2

(90 − 80) (90 + 80)

𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(160.5599652°) + (−30)𝑠𝑖𝑛(160.5599652°)
2 2

𝝈𝒎𝒊𝒏 = −𝟖𝟓. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Hence, 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = −85.13878189 𝑀𝑃𝑎 acts on the plane defined by 𝜃𝑝1 = 80.27998259°, whereas

𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 95.13878189 𝑀𝑃𝑎 acts on the plane defined by 𝜃𝑝2 = −9.720017414°.

1.39. If the three principal stresses relative to 𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑧 reference system are are σ2 = σyy = 75 MPa, σ3

= σzz = -20 MPa, determine the six Cartesian components of stress relative to the 𝑂𝑥′𝑦′𝑧′ reference

system where 𝑂𝑥′𝑦′𝑧 is defined as:

𝜽 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4

𝑥 − 𝑥’ π/4 π/2 0 π/4

𝑦 − 𝑦’ π/4 π/2 π/4 0

𝑧 − 𝑧’ 0 0 π/4 π/4

𝜽 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4

𝑥 − 𝑥’ 45° 90° 0° 45°

𝑦 − 𝑦’ 45° 90° 45° 0°

𝑧 − 𝑧’ 0° 0° 45° 45°

CASE I
x y z

x’ 45° 45° 90°

y’ 135° 45° 90°

z’
90° 90° 0°

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 25 + 20 + 0
𝝈𝒙′𝒙′ = 𝟒𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (135°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 25 + 20 + 0

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝟒𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (0°)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 0 + 0 + (−20)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = −𝟐𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 50 cos(45°) cos(135°) + 40 cos(45°) cos(45°) + (−20) cos(90°) cos(90°)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = −25 + 20 + 0

𝝉𝒙′𝒚′ = −𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 50 cos(135°) cos(90°) + 40 cos(45°) cos(90°) + (−20) cos(90°) cos(0°)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 50 cos(90°) cos(45°) + 40 cos(90°) cos(45°) + (−20) cos(0°) cos(90°)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

CASE II
x y z

x’ 90° 0° 90°

y’ 180° 90° 90°

z’ 90° 90° 0°

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (0°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 0 + 40 + 0

𝝈𝒙′𝒙′ = 𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (180°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 50 + 0 + 0

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (0°)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 0 + 0 + (−20)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = −𝟐𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 50 cos(90°) cos(180°) + 40 cos(0°) cos(90°) + (−20) cos(90°) cos(90°)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝝉𝒙′𝒚′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 50 cos(180°) cos(90°) + 40 cos(90°) cos(90°) + (−20) cos(90°) cos(0°)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 50 cos(90°) cos(90°) + 40 cos(90°) cos(90°) + (−20) cos(0°) cos(90°)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
CASE III
x y z

x’ 0° 90° 90°

y’ 90° 45° 45°

z’
90° 180° 45°

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (0°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 50 + 0 + 0

𝝈𝒙′𝒙′ = 𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 0 + 20 + (−10)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝟏𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (135°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 0 + 20 + (−10)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 𝟏𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 50 cos(0°) cos(90°) + 40 cos(90°) cos(45°) + (−20) cos(90°) cos(45°)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝝉𝒙′𝒚′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 50 cos(90°) cos(90°) + 40 cos(45°) cos(135°) + (−20) cos(45°) cos(45°)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 0 + (−20√2) + (−10)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = −𝟑𝟖. 𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 50 cos(90°) cos(0°) + 40 cos(135°) cos(90°) + (−20) cos(45°) cos(90°)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

CASE IV
x y z

x’ 45° 90° 45°

y’ 90° 0° 90°

z’ 135° 90° 45°

𝜎𝑥 ′ 𝑥 ′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°)

𝜎𝑥′𝑥′ = 25 + 0 + (−10)

𝝈𝒙′𝒙′ = 𝟏𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (0°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°)

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 0 + 40 + 0

𝜎𝑦′𝑦′ = 𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 50𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (135°) + 40𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (90°) + (−20)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (45°)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 25 + 0 + (−10)

𝜎𝑧′𝑧′ = 𝟏𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 50 cos(45°) cos(90°) + 40 cos(90°) cos(0°) + (−20) cos(45°) cos(90°)

𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝝉𝒙′𝒚′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑦 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 50 cos(90°) cos(135°) + 40 cos(0°) cos(90°) + (−20) cos(90°) cos(45°)

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 0 + 0 + 0

𝜏𝑦′𝑧′ = 𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 𝜎1 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑥) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑥) + 𝜎2 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑦) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑦) + 𝜎3 cos(𝑧 ′ , 𝑧) cos(𝑥 ′ , 𝑧)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = 50 cos(135°) cos(45°) + 40 cos(90°) cos(90°) + (−20) cos(45°) cos(45°)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = −25 + 0 + (−10)

𝜏𝑧′𝑥′ = −𝟑𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂