DR.D.Y.

PATIL COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

SUB: ELECTIVES

MUSEUM DESIGN AND DESIGN STRATEGIES

ON BASIS OF CLIMATE

SWAPNALI THORVE
[Link].84
CONTENT:
1. MUSEUM DESIGN
1.1 LAYOUT
CIRCULATION
LEGIBILITY
MATERIAL
VISIBILTY

1.2 SPECIAL VARIABILITY OF DISPLAY STRATEGIES

FLEXIBILE
ADAPTABLE
UNIVERSAL
TRANSFORMABLE
RESPONSIVE

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF ELEVATION

IMAGE
IDENTITY
MESSAGE

2. DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR COMPOSITE CLIMATE

2.1. SITE SELECTION
2.2. MATERIAL SELECTION
2.3. BUILDING ORIENTATION
2.4. PLANFORM
2.5. ACTIVITY ZONING
2.6. BUILDING TYPE
2.7. PRACTICES AT CONSTRUCTION STAGES
2.8. APPROPRIATE LANDSCAPING
2.9. SHADING STRATEGIES FOR BUILDINGS AND OPENINGS
2.10. DAYLGHT DISTRIBUTION
2.11. PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES
2.12. STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
2.13. RENEWABLE ENERGY
2.14. RAINWATER HARVESTING
2.15. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
3. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.0 MUSEUM DESIGN:

1.1 LAYOUT

How the layout of the space interacts with the layout of objects to release a specific effect
and send a specific message. This is shown in the application in the Jewish Museum in the
scarred elevation and the broken mass of the building to replicate the architectural
interpretation of the suffering of Jewish people during the Nazi rule.

Fig: Elevation of Jewish Museum Fig: Passage of Jewish museum

a. Circulation

Fig: Types of circulation

 Fig: Circulation in exhibition spaces

Elements of interior circulation design:

Vertical circulation system: Staircases, Ramps, Elevators and Escalators

Horizontal circulation system: Corridors, Porches, Doors, Entrance foyers, Balconies,

Lobbiesand Verandas

The circulation of visitors in museums has to be easy and direct; achieved by not
confusing them by several turns in one node.

In museums according to the items it exhibits, the circulation has to reflect the display’s
emotional or educational message within the architectural spaces. If the message is
important or controversial, the circulation pattern can be interpreted dramatically, or if the
main idea of museum is its simplicity, the circulation paths are well lighted and
straightforward.

The Hierachy for Visitor turning at Choice Points

1. Goal- directed circulation:It depends on what do visitors have in their mind and their
destination this will have the strongest effect on their choice at turning points.
2. Attraction of landmark objects/exhibits: Visitors are attracted by attracted by another
thing is also a powerful force influencing visitors, it appears to be attraction of large
objects.
3. Attraction to an open door. Melton(1933) found that an open door has its own
attracting power over visitor circulation. A large proportion of visitors exit a gallery
by the first open door they encounter.
4. In the absence of any of the above factors to attract visitors, people tend to walk in the
same direction.

Fig: Void space relation Fig: Movement diagram

b. Legibilty

The ease with which one can comprehend the spatial configuration of an interior
space, is a critical component in way finding.

 Legibility in orientation:Avoiding the psychological impact of loss os place.

 Legibility in plan
 Legibility in sequence: Arranging type in order to make language visible.
 Legibility in layering: Clearness in vertical circulation i.e. to provide stairs, ramps,
elevators in central passageways in multistory buildings.
c. Material in architecture

The pattern in the ground help in introducing the circulation through the material of the
patterns.

Fig: Pattern of material in passages

d. Visibility

The visibility of the building from outside according to the surrounding and visibility
inisde the museums.

1. Visibility inside the Museums:

Visibility properties are co related with three groups of space use patterns:

 Visitor’s movement paths

 Stopping to view displays
 Stopping to survey exhibitions or space

Fig: Visibility on different levels in Guggenheim museum

2. Visibility of form from outside:

The visibility of the museum can be either seen as a landmark to the surrounding area or
an integrated by building within the [Link] design of this museum from outside
is for trying to make it invisible until the visitors are near it. Moreover the formation of
cubes rotating over each other help the visitors to see the museum every time with new
formation.

Fig: Museum of Islamic Art, Doha

1.2 SPECIAL VARIABILITY OF DISPLAY STRATEGIES

For example: By being presented by learning in interactive science museums and

technology centres, it was theorized that for effective learning and understanding visitors
needed to participate in three areas of intellectual activity tackled in the following:

 Hand-on (engaging physically): interactive science and technology.

 Hand-waving (common sense explanations): galleries providing quiet rooms with
scientific books and computers.
 Handle-turning (computation or research investigations)

Feher’s learning theory for interactive exhibits explores how visitors interacted in the
museum and what they learned from the engagement; playing and exploring the exhibits
and how interactive exhibits can be used to research visitors learning and enjoyments has
been investigated and theorized by several researchers that covers four levels:
Experiencing, Exploring, Explaining and Expanding

Fig: Visvesvaraya Museum, Bangalore

a. Flexibility

Flexibility plays as a balance factor between the changes in needs and the built
environment, allowing modification and redesigning in the built environment.

Types of flexibility:

 Adaptable:

Adaptable structures features repositionable partitions or are changeable per

user/occupant. They include movable partitions, repositionable furniture which do not
result in permanent change.

Fig: Movable partitions at Work Museum

In the museum they use Hufcor movable wall panels which make the ability to string
multiple panels to make large, flat, interconnected walls to create long corridors and large
areas.

Fig: Movable partitions at Work Museum

 Universal:

Universally flexible building is ease of adaptation per use. Those building are often
characterized by open floor plans and typolofy free design.

 Transformable:

Characterized by modular design(capable of adding or removing units or components).

Fig: Modular design

 Responsive:

Responsive building can respond to a number of external stimuli, including

energy/environment, interaction, usage, occupation.

Fig: Building response to external stimuli

Fig: Interactive exhibition space

 Fig: Interactive spaces

Fig: Using building to encourage interaction

Fig: Creation of inside out spaces

Fig: Using interior spaces to encourage interaction

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF ELEVATION

The nature of that initial contact has much to do with the public’s perception of the
organization. This theory explains the importance of the elevation and how people relate
to what is inside that building. This theory also explores further on how the initial contact
with the elevation is apparent within the interior space in terms of organizing the spatial
content or not.

Fig: National Museum of Natural History, Manila

a. Image

To connect a certain meaning or message describing through expressive image to make

the user understand the building from the outside or inside.

From the design of the museum the architect succeded to show the image or view as to
make people to know how the suffer in this era as he showed it in the sharp edges and the
lots of angles, it reflects the image of the difficult and bad life they were [Link] from
inside the passes are narrow for the same concept which shows that he succeeded to make
people to see his image.

Fig: Jewish Museum, Berlin

b. Identity

It is the condition of being one self and in architectural context there are three main
factors that are characteristics of the place, events, individual and group meaning and the
most effective ways is increasing presence of people in urban spaces.
 Fig: China Academy of Arts’ Folk Art Museum

The design of the museum is affected by the identity of the Chinese style of building
which is formed of pitched roofs and glass.

c. Message

The ability to send a right meaning of what the building represent a certain culture,
political view or philosophy.

Museum of science and industry,Chicago: The classical heavy style shows the powerful
and the resourceful country.

Fig: Museum of Science and Technology

 2. DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR COMPOSITE CLIMATE
2.1. Site selection

Fig: Criteria for site selection

[Link] selection

Fig: Criteria for material selection

AshCrete

AshCrete is a concrete alternative that uses fly ash instead of traditional cement. By using
fly ash, a by-product of burning coal, 97 percent of traditional components in concrete can
be replaced with recycled material.
 2.3. Building orientation

Fig: Plan for building orientation

[Link]

Typical existing planforms in ascending order of perimeter to area ratio.

Fig: Typical Planforms

Fig: Wind flow due to Planform

 [Link] zoning

Fig: Activity zoning in plan

Most concepts in composite climate focus on decreasing heat gain but adequate daylight is
also important. Depending upon the building use, choosing an appropriate plan form and
proper activity zoning at the initial design stages can ensure heat gain reduction and
optimum day lighting.
This approach is usedul in placing service spaces like toilets/storage areas/staircase at
locations where they can act as thermal barriers.

[Link] types

Fig: Building types in plans

Detached:
3. High exposure to radiation and wind.
4. Hence shading through various building elements is vital.
5. New buildings should be placed as close as possible to existing buildings for
possibility of shading one another.
Row:
6. Solar gains are reduced due to common walls,
Courtyard:
7. Courtyards are important for daylight and ventilation and has a cultural significance
too.
8. Ventilation in composite climate is useful if the air is cool. Thus the courtyard should
be proportioned to be mostly shaded and/or contain cooling elements like trees, soft
paving and water bodies.
Courtyard effect in traditional settlements:

Fig: Relation of shaded area to building height

Variable sizes create temperature-pressure differential and can induce cross ventilation.
Typical modern courtyards:

Fig: Courtyard to building ratio

Courtyard height-width (H/W) ratio is almost 1:4 and hence courtyard is not shaded
Possible strategies:
Cooling the courtyard by shading (HW ratio nearing 1:1)
Shading by verandahs/covered passages or by vegetation
[Link] at construction stage

Fig: Methods adopted at construction stage

 [Link] landscaping

Fig: Landscaping to reduce heat island effect

Reducing urban heat island effect to cool building and surroundings

Fig: Climate tile

The Climate Tile is a pilot project designed to catch and redirect 30% of the projected
extra rainwater coming due to climate change. It can catch and redirect 30% of the projected
extra rainwater coming due to climate change, and thereby prevent overloads within the
existing drainage infrastructure.
[Link] strategies for buildings and openings
Window-wall ratio should not be more than 60%.

Fig: Shading strategies

 2.10. Daylight distribution

Fig: Wall window ratio Fig: Lightshelves

Room and opening dimensions for appropriate day lighting

Fig: Reflectance of Materials

[Link] cooling strategies

Fig: Evaporative cooling Fig: Night ventilation

Night ventilation : In this process, buildings are ventilated at night when ambient
temperatures are lower to resist heat build-up.
[Link] for energy efficiency

Fig: Strategies for energy efficiency

 2.13. Renewable energy
With the high solar radiation in composite climate it is highly recommended to use energy
to meet at least some part of building’s electricity demand. The simplest way to generate
solar energy is by using photo voltaic systems.
The ideal orientation for optimal performance of a solar cell is at the angle equivalent to
the latitude of the place of installation. Area required for generation nof 1 KWp electricity
is on an average 12 square meters for 15% efficiency panels.

Fig: Solar panels Fig: Solar water heater

[Link] harvesting

Fig: Rainwater harvesting technique

[Link] water treatment

Fig: Waste water treatment strategy

Fig: Technologies for small stand-alone projects

3. BIBLIOGRAPHY

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
excess-rainwater-from-climate-change