SMTP Relay, Port Forwarding, Dynamic DNS and Other Network Requirements for running your

own server

idea = give you an idea of what is going on in the real professional world of technology
getting to college / getting certifications the right way = not the right way to have fun and make
money

1 networks things you need to know if you are going to be running a server inside of your house
or inside of your business
you think you just need to build a windows server or linux server and connect it to your internet
modem and whooohoo things gonna be wonderful!
But in the IT world, once you know how to do it is very simple, very easy, very quick
Learning how to do the things that you need to know about can take a long tedious amount of
time
I'm gonna talk about
=>how to get your external IP address
=>how to find the speed (2009) of your internet connection and the latency (2O12)
=>dynamic dns
=>port redirect
=>SMTP relay
=>basicly all of the networking functions that you need to understand in order to have a server
to communicate to the outside world

pretty easy unless you don't know what to do

So you want to put a server in your building
for whatever reason you don't wanna to get to a dedicated server, you don't want a hostshare
provider
the issue= you have the connection to the Internet and you want people to come through the
internet to be able to get to your server
but you also will deal with that:
=>there are some things you need to work with in order for your server to send communication
out
exemple = if you server is doing more than File sharing
like sending emails (SMTP emails from your server)

+ what kind of internet service you need to be dealing with (i'm not talking about DSL, Comcast,
fiber optique or sadlight)
but do you have residential? or do you have comercial internet service? ==>very important
residential service = DSL, Comcast, fiber optique = they have business services
residential services (cheaper that the commercial) = I don't think you should mess with even the
average person shouldn't
the reason = much lower service quality + the company screw with you more
commercial = a technician will be here within 24h if I need one to fix a problem + they assume
you have already have an IT with you working on lab sof if there is a problem it's not your fault.
so they don' ask dumb questions. please plug your modem etc...and can figure out what the
problem is a lot quicker and send a technician
you call a commercial networking service and you say:
"i've already rebooted the router, i've already disconnected everything, i've already proved that
it is your service => then they say ol will send a teechnician
final reason= residental services figured out that their residential clients shouldn't do business
things or they don't want them to do business things
=> so things like port 80 => to run your own web server,
they don't do things like block ports, they don't "network manage"

What is your connection line?

what is your upload speed ? download speed? and what is your latency?
as a server the upload speed = very important

20mb/s download speed = pretty good

765 kb/s upload speed at the best = horrible to run a service
with less than 1mb/s i don"t think you can do anything
realstictly your upload speed shoud be at least 3 and roughtly around 10 mg/s
because you gonna have to push data up on the internet
for ftp etc
for emails you gonna have a lot of data to send up
+ the upload speed also affects the download speed

latency
tcp ip work like that = you can send a big amount af data in one time
but with real time communication like voice over ip
=> you need to send multiple packets to send data. theas packets stream across the internet in
order to hear somebody in the other side s
basicly, if ou send out an emails => you can ball the entire email up and send it in one
packet ))>seems very fast for a lot amount of data
but if i'm talking on the phone you can't do that
if I m talking to you and i say something for 30 seconds => i can't ball up that 30 seconds of
conversation and send it at once because that doesn't make sense =>that's a telephone call
So latency is for the individual packets
it is how long it takes to the packet to go from point A to point B

you also need to know your externall IP address like 96.44.54.1

=>it is the internet address people need to find when they want to acces your server through
the internet
=given by the ISP
once you get it => you can do pôrt forwarding
=>you direct traffic to this IP address

29:37
whatismyIP.com
speed tests (upload, download, latency=the lower the better 14ms =very good) =it will tell you
what connection you have with your system

next quesdtion = what about static and dynamic IP address? externak ones provided by your ISP
Dynamic ip address= keep changing every day, week, month or year.
if you have a static IP address=> you're done you're good (but expensive, good if you have a
major enterprise, a real company )
if you are sitting at your house and you just need to point at your home servers
But if you have a dynamic ip address ==> you use something called dynamic DNS, you use a
service called noIP.com or dynDNS.com
these services allow you to map to a dynamic ip address and not have any problem
what happens is: you have your computer on your network, or you have your router, you then
create an account with no ip.com or dyndns.com, you create a dns name with them let's sa
dyn.elithecomputerguy.com,
you then go either to your router or to yopur computer and with a little application you plug in
the account information from noip.com
what happens =every 15 minutes your computer will go out and see what the current external ip
address is.
It will take that informationand send it to noip.com
and then no ip.com will continuisly update dyn.elithecomputerguy.com ==> so that it is always
pointing to your computers (external ip address)

the next thing as I talked to before

and what these dynamicdns companies do
is something called port 80 redirect
again static ip address ==>almost get this only with a commercial internet account
they will open up everything for you
SMTP ports, 80 ports, all the ports
if you get a residential service account though
=>they will do something like closing port 80 so on and so forth
the reason being they don't think that the residential client shoulsn't be running web servers
so services like dynamicdns came up with something called port 80 redirect
port 80 redirect =
in you're house you set up your webserver so www....
and within the configurations, instead of setting it to port 90, you set it to port 976
so in your dynamicdns privider while you configure the information for
dyn.elithecomputerguy.com, with port 80 redirect you can say anybody coming in on this
domain name on port 80 will be automaticly redirected to the port that you set (port 976).
Because your ISP doesn't bloc the actual traffic that is going back and forth it only blocs the
ports

Now we need to talk about port forwarding (cf introduction to port forwarding)
So you have your your buiding with your server inside
if somebidy is over here and go through the internet
and get to your external ip address
how do they get to your router to the server you want them to go to
imagine you got three servers (web server, ftp server and mail server)
they do it through this thing called port forwarding
whenever you deal with network services they all use different ports numbers
(basicly the way I think of it is think of doors in the buikding)
every different service use a different port
http (web port)=>port 8080
ssh (22)
ftp (21)
all you do in port forwarding is in the router all you do
is you say when traffic comes in from the outside world and it's going to port 80 then send that
to the internal ip address desired
so if you r web server, when your traffic (somebody) comes in to the router it will automaticly
rout that to the web server

Next question = E Mail

so you have your server in ythe building and of course you have your email server
the question is:
how do you receive emails and how do you send emails?
because normally you just go to a webmail interface, plug an email address and just send or
receive emails (ex: gmail, hotmail etc...) and you don't think about it
but now you have your email server sitting in your building
when people are trying to send data to you, you need to know something called the mxrecord
(mail exchange record)=>can be found in your internet dns settings
it states where emails should be sent
it contains ip addresses where mails go to
so basicly it's priority based and you can have a lot of mx records
you can have fail over for mx records = back up mail servers
the question is:
what happens if your server mail is down for some reason? ==>back up mail server
then you have your alternate mail address record ==>everything get redirected to their servers
==>and when your server comes back online))==>all that email come back to you
MX RECORDS= this is for sending email from the outside to your server
so to receive an email you set up your mx records properly then you set up port forwarding for
SMTP and then you set up your email server (which is a nightmare) and now you receuve an
email
the question is:
what about sending email out.?
this may be more a paiin in the but than you may first realise
the first question is: when you try to send email out from your little email server, you go back
do you have residential or commercial service?
again if ou have residential service = alot of time they will block the smtp port because they
don't want you sending out emails willinginly
the other problem is if you have a commercial service is if one of your computer get infected by
a virus, and thousand of thousands of emails go out , you get listed as a spammer
and when you get listed as a spammer=> it is your external ip address that gets listed as a
spamming email address
and then all the computers of your network can't email out
one of the things that you can do to relieve that problem
=you can use SMTP Relay (other service that can be purchased by dyn.dns or noip.com)
so if you worry that your ip address gets blocked you may think about SMTP RELAY

So you rent a service on a SMTP server (like no-ip or godaddy)

your email server, you then configure it to email to relay the email to this email server and it's
from this email server that it goes out to the rest of the world
so basicly you plug into your email server and you say I wanna use a email relay, you then plug in
the information whether it is a domain name or a ip address, the username and password
it will then relay all the information to this SMTP relay server ...
the nice part with this is even if you roun into a problem with the SMTP relay server (go daddy or
dyndns etc..) =>they will send you a warning.
you can fix it fairly easily and it's no big deal
It's like a proxy server for email
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What is a prixy server?

It is a server to provide you service to the internet
so before whe had router with something called NAT build into the routers we had figure out a
way for multiple computers on a network to be able to acces the internet
so what we did?
we came up with the proxys
so there is a proxy server
and when you client computer tries to get to the internet
=> you point the client computer at the proxy server
the proxy server then goes ou to the internet for you, grab the information pulls it in the proxy
server and redirects it to you
now this may seem archaic and it is => because proxy servers had been replaced by NAT
we still use proxy server for very niche specific reasons
so proxy server are used a lot for the hacking or the secutity community
because specicaly you can connect to proxy servers in the internet and use those proxy servers in
order to hode your ip address so if you're trying to hide you're going to different websutes
and you worried about those websites tracking you sometimes you'll use a proxy server
or sometimes internally,
actually it is a very good product and a lot people use it
=> something called a SQUID PROXY SERVER (open source version of a proxy server)
=>with it you can do something like caching
so when a client of yourn network goes out and download lets say a movie in the internet
if you go download the same movie in the internet it will be cached on that server locally so you
don't have to all the way to the internet to grab it

I used to use this in my consultant company for downloading windows uypdate so we would
have ten computers in a day that would have to ged windows updates pulled
what would happen is that we would connect them to the proxy server and then the first time
that the computer went out to the update it would grab these 3gigs of updates off microsoftt
servers
they get pulled down into the computer but they get also cashed in that local server locally so
next time a client computer tries to get those updates
instead of pulling them from microsoft servers, they pull them from that local cash and it is just
faster

proxy servers are good but they aren't really necessary in a home environment=>> so you cant
turn it off
But it might cause you problem if you cut it off in a business environmen

in the internet explorer, get into the setting to turn it off =)> just uncheck the box and it will go
away

if you didn't checked it before and you have problem with a proxy it may be a hackers trying to
re_rout r your data to get acces to datas likee username and passwords
data goes from your compuuter ti your router to the proxy server (the prixy server is a man in
the middle) to the net

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Methodology troubleshooting
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self study for technology professionals
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broadband throttling
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NAS and SAN
NAS = network attached storage
SAn= storage area network
They both store data for your infrastructure
way back in the day servers were what we used to store data
so basicly they started out coming up with infrastructures that its entire purpose was to store
dataµit's purpose was not to do active directory, virtualisation, vpn or IIS
so the first thing that you need to understand is NAS
NAS = essentialy File server
you can't install other application into it
basicly you share out whatever folder that you create on the NAS device and theyu will access
just as they will acces a shared file in the server
Baasicly it is a ................
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Histoire du cloud
dans les annees 70 -80 (mainframe)
=on a des utilisateurs qui veulent se connecter à un service
=> ils se connectent à un seul serveur central appelé mainframe qui gère absolument tout dans
l’entreprise
dans les années 90-2000 (client-serveur)
l’utilisateur ne se connecte as à un serveur central mais au serveur directement qui l’interresse
pour obtenir le service souhaité
années 2010 (zone cloud)
on a connectés tous les serveurs à une zone cloud
=tous les ordinateurs se connectent à cette zone qui elle-même s’occupe de rediriger l’utilisateur
vers le bon service
la question= comment on fait pour connecter tous les différents ordinateurs à une même zone
cloud ?
=> on va avoir des normes (=une grammaire commune)
Openstack va permettre de connecter tous les serveurs à une même zone d’infrastructure
Cloud Foundry pour le pass
Et docker

L’applicatif mange le monde = tout est applicatif

Il est dans tous les secteurs
Si je prend le secteur du transport = Uber = $18 Milliard
communication $16 mil
Toutes ces entreprises sont nées grâce au code
ce qui fait la difference= la mise à disposition de ce code au public
Avantages = plus de securité, plus de flexibilité, moins de coût (payer uniquement ce dont j’ai
besoin), pour pouvoir éviter toutes les erreurs mise en production, et la rapidité evidemment
Quel est le lien entre l’application et le cloud ?
L’application va pouvoir se mettre directement dans le cloud
cad que le cloud = un outil complet d’hébergement et d’exécution de mon application
C’est le lien qui me manquait entre le développeur dans sa cave et l’utilisateur qui utilise son
smartphone tous les jours

Cloud computing is where software aplications, data storage and processing capacity are
accessed over the internet
to explain what works in practice, µin this video I’m going to examine the 3 ways to cloud
computing
3 building blocs off cloud computing
= SAAS
=PAAS
=IAAS
SAAS= software as a service
software is provided to the end user as a service from a vender
back in 2005= to use a software you would install the software onto the computer
you would purchased that software out
With SAAS you can purchase the service for a minute (on how long you gonna use the software)
ex= google docs, salesforce, facebook, web apps
why should we use SAAS
good for the vendor and good for the client
vendor can charge recuring rates, easier to deal with
as a client that is a CEO (business user) that has several employes would have to pa $200 a
month instead of $6000
you may spend more mone over the life of the product but it is a lot of smaller amount upfront =
the boss as so much money to deal with in a month and if ou spend all of that on whatever, it
can’t be spent on other things
other benefits
=>you don’t need as much maintenance in order to maintain software as a service
because evverthing is actuall going on the server not locally
no need fot that maintenance, no need for that repair
also when there were updats and upgrades => big problem for the C level of executives, the
managment
before the had to get someone to install those
versus if they use SAAS such as google docs when an update or an upgrade is rolled out
=> you don’t even notice, you log in one da, it looks one way, ou log the next day= he look i ve
got new functionalities and new features

But there are real considerations and if ou make bad decisions it is far far worse than if you buy
the wong software and you install it in your computer
because if you pick the wrong softwar as a service, if ou pick the wrong vndor and that compan
goes belly up
=>now all of your DATA, all of the functionalty litterally can be turned off in a heartbeat. (cause
the servers are no longer up and running)
that’s the difference betwen a software installed locall and the SAAS
Again, even if you’re compan goes bankrupt, if you’re software is installed in your computer, it
always gonna be installed in our computer

If yo’re going to use SAAS

=> you really need to take a good long look at your internet connection
Cause if you take that 20 person office offloaad (one of the application, make that software as a
service)
=>you now have20 people that gonna be hammering the internet connection and expecting that
whatever application they use as a service will work flawlessly
so check upgrade
+ bandwrith
i suggest at least 20 mb/s up and down
also good katency = make sure you have a good stable connection and it is not all flaky as hell

you need to ask the company which you buy the srvice from
= what kind of service contract that the have
underdtand that the minimum fee that you pay is for the minimum service and
so do you pay an extra hundred a month and then somebody would pick up the phone if ou call
and you have a question ?do they have migration help ? CRm solution ? (databas solution) ?
SAAS onl means the sotware will be run on their servers, it doesn’t mean it is simple or easy to
use

Make ure you trust the company that you purchase the software from. How much do you trust
that the gonna be here tomorow

Data migration
if you have applications on your computer that you install onto your computer, like quickbooks
or outlooks (specially database type applications)
almost allof these applications that ou installed locally have a wa to export your data into a
readable format
At the very least ou can export with something called CSV
But when you use SAAS when you put data in you put data in THEIR database and they may not
have an eas wa to migrate your data out of their system
very important = how you can migrate awa from them
If migrating locally sucks
migrating from cloud can be far far far worse = you data comes out in a nasty ugl format
so you really don’t want to do migration there
So make sure you canna sick with it whenyou use it (SAAS)

You connect to the server either b a web browser or a thin client

PAAS (Platform as a service)
this is basicly for the programmers out there
either for the start up companies, the people that want to create the next twiter, facebook or if
ou are part of an organisation that has propriety servers to run
some place to run you proprietary software
so when ou buy a PAAS is essentially you get a base level of platform that you can then dump our
code into and then your code will run
so when we talk about PAAS we are almonst alwways talking about some kind of web based
application
the most somple PAAS is the good old fashioned shared hosting plan from one of the web
services providers such as go daddy or 1and1.com
you don’t wirry about the php file
you don’t worry about the Ram, the processor, the update to the server
all ou worry about is you get one folder to dump all of your code into and this code uses a
service that is provided to run
let’s sa you want a wordpress to run
=>basicly you need to find a shared hosing plan that provides mysql (the database) and provides
the php (the scripting engine) if it has that you can dump your code in and it will simply run
Now thi concept has become more advanced
=> instead of having a shared hosting plan ou can go to something like google app engine or
even Amazon Web services and they can give ou much more sophisticated platforms for ou to
work on
_they have storage platform
_ they have paymen gateaways

you don’t hve to worry abou malware, anivirus etc…

6 :00

Network Infrastructure for your small business

it may be for small business
for small organisation
20/00
i wanna takk about some of the considerations when you buikd out a network
back ten in 1999 you didn't have a lot of options, they were very expansive
______________________________________________________

Building out your internal network Infrastructure

nefore we talked about your WAN connection
your ISP connections
we talked about silos
parallel networking

what is a start up company and who is a founder

web metrics in the real world
understanding the facebook IPO and funding valuations for startup companies
Understandinf the basics of wordpress and use it
Uber....
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Building out your internal network infrastructure

Network infrastructure for your small business environment

I should sa for your small environment
nowadays we have so much going on with computers and technology
what's going on in your home may be more complicated than what's going on in a small business
What I have bought in my house right now is more complicated than the half million build outs
use to do twelve years ago
so when I say small business it may be for small organisation, it may be for our home
Now i have a lot of bandwith in my house because i need that much bandwidth in m house
so toda I wanna tak ou about some of the considerations for when you're building out networks
back in 1999 we didn't have a lot of options and they were expansive
bandwith, cisco equipments,
22:00

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Intriduction to virtualization
what it does
=>separate the operating system from the underliing hardware so you can move it around just
like a picture or a movie
virtualization is not cloud computing it's a component of cloud computing
cloud computing is something much more larger
cloud computing separat the application from the hardware => HUGE distinction
if ou' gonna be management level => licensing can be evil
so be careful when you going out to purchase hypervisor , o purchase virtualisation software
their licensing can be a nightmare
so depending on what managemen software you are using
lets sa you use a type 1 => the cost can get bad very quick
type 1 hypervisor
=bar metal hypervisors
this is where you have the hardware => you install the hypervisor (OS) then ou install instances
of operating system in the hypervisor
but in order to manage an hpervisor you need a management computer (where i install the
client software onto it and then that client communicate with the provisor and I'm able to do all
the communication
the nice part of that is that you can move instances of operating system between differebt pieces
of the phsical hardware
if you pay an extra money so you can have the management software where it turns on servers
as you need them turned on
you can have it so it automaticly moves instances of opeating system if a piece of phsical
hardware fails
So
in this environment, ou can have 3 phisical severs that are connected fo virtualisation
if one fails, all th instances of operating system automaticly migrate to the other servers
It's expansive but it can be very useful

type 2
all this is is ou have a normal computer with an operating system
you install a virtualization software on that operating system
Vitual box, etc...
You then install the instances of operating system onto that virtuallization software
but the thing to remember with this one is thatif you give too many ressources to the virtualized
computers, the host computer may not have the ressources to keep running and ou may crash
our hosting computer
plus if you do networking both on the virtual and the hosting computer you ma run into
problems

you can also converts servers to virtual servers (no need to do a migration) and house it into an
hypervisor

virtualization is stable and robust since more than 10 years

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Introduction to Cloud Computing
Cloud computing separate the application from the operating system, from the hardware
if the hardware dies, the application or the service keeps running

web based application = what is it?

are normal and fairly simple applications and they are used creating normal web programming
languages : html, javascript, php, mysql etc..
basicly you just create the application and you host it into a website
just like you would host any other webpage
that's basicl how googl docs, google apps was created
the main thing with that is when ou go write a document in google docs
nothing is installed in your computer

clustering
that's where you put multiple servers into a cluster
this is done for a load balancing and redondancy
so basicly any one of the servers that's getting too much traffic
traffic will be automaticly routed to another severs or if one of the servers of the cluster fails
the cluster realizes that and will not try to send traffic to that servers that has failed
this is big with database, especially with active directory, windows security databases
so if people are trying to log into the network and one of the servers of the active directory fails
in the cluster
one of the other active directory server will still authen and get users

terminal services server and thin client

public vs private clouds

about the software
public cloud are all of the cloud computing infrastructure that ar up on the internet that basicly
anybody can get acces to like amazon EC2 service or gmail
all these solutions are sitting on the internet
you may want the power of virtualisation
but you may want the control and having it in house, having it in your own server room
to improve reliebality in our own server room without actually using any services on the web
so you can set up your own cluster of computers sitting in your own server room
==>PRIVATE CLOUD
the difference between public cloud and private cloud is that public cloud is sitting on the
internet with one of the hosted services providers, hackers can get to it, anbody can get to it
the actual hardware is not sitting in your premisis
a private cloud is that the hardware is actually sitting in your premisis
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introduction to Virtualization
how you design you virtual infrastructure and why you would do it
back 10 years ago
Whenever we would build out a server room / or build out infra structure
=> the server were directly connected to the hardware
if we wanted an active director server => we had a physical active director server
if we wanted an email server we would have a physical email server
and this is houw we would build server rooms
most of the time it worked very well but now that we have virtualization technology
=> it's not as good as it used to be
we can buy far less hardware and have more secure robust system that we could before
Before 10 servers = 10 phsical boxes
now if we want ten servers
=>we ma be actually be able to put ten of those onto one physical box
that means that we can save money
ts' easier to configure, ou on't need so much phsical room to store it
+ if we use type 1 hypervisors with high availability
=>we can connect multiple physical servers and have instances of the operating syste being able
to bounce around those phsical servers at will
type 1 hypervisor
ESXI
Xen server (by Cirix) managed with VSPHERE
the first reason that we may think as why using type 1 hypervisor and building out a virtual
infrastructure
is simply that we can have a number of different operating systems running on a single hardware
But why would we want that?
==>for security
the more capability a aserver has => the more vulnerable the server is
no mater what server you are using Ad,FTP,VPN,Apache web server
cause lets say if in one bow ou have a server with AD, IIS, and FTP installed
=> somebody coming from the internet cloud can compromise the IIS server (web server)
and once they compromised the IIS server, they can now attack anything going on in one server
because it's all in one box
the more functionalities the more vulnerability

Whereas with a ype 1 hpervisor you can devide these out and have the services running as their
own inddividual servers in the same hardware
so if a hacker compromise the IIS server
the AD serve is still cocooned within its own virtual machine, and so i can't be easily hacked from
the IIS server

so with a piece of hardware

let's sa 20 Gb of RAM ($1500)to run all of this

==>robustness standpoint
you can connect numerous physical servers an have them managed with v sphere or esxi so that
these instances of operating system can be migratd at will or migrated automaticly
So if one of the power supplies fails the instances can be moved from one server to the other on
the cluster

==>+ cost of electricy

5000 a year for ten servers is already too much
some sever may eat up a lot of energy
but as you know most of the servers, the operating systems don't need the full utilisation of the
hardware all of the time
what we can do with the management software
==>you can have the other physical servers powered down or in a hybernate state so they don't
burn up electricity
and as one of your server start needing more ressources than the phsical piece of hardware that
it is sitting on can cop with
=> the instance will be automaticly migated to another piece of hardware (that will be
automaticly turned on) bfore getting migrated back when the temperature of the first server has
loweed

Building websites and content management system

Buting youtube subscribers
deciding where to house your server

__________________

NAS = it only stores data

the operating system is only designed to onl be a file storage device = more secure
= shared file server in the network
you use standard file transfert protocol in order to interact with it
equivalent of a shared drive on the network
ju
basicl you share out whatever folder that you create on th NAS devic and thy are accessed
just like ou would access a shared drive on a server
so you b using th FTP potocol
in order to act with the NAs device
or SMB, CFS Apple file protocol
basicly any of the standard protocol
SNB and CFS = those are the protocols that allow you to copy and paste file and folders that may
be in windows network

different NAS devices out there

freeNAS it is an operating system

NAS is a box that stores files

SAN is basicly a etwork of boxes to store data
so when you start using a storage area network
=> you connect numerous, different SAn devices and all of them store your data
generally with something that look like a cluster
==>if anyone fails all of your DATA is still there, still accessible
depending on what the replication straategy is and what the redondanc is
you can have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 entire boxes completly failes but the DATA will still be there
you will still be able to write to the SAN
ou will still be able to read the SAN

with NAS = if the power suppl fails, the NAS device fails
if the RAID controller device fail
if the user somehow shuv a virus into it and it fails
=> your data stuck into you can't get i back and working

With the SAN

other important thing
= you can actually mountdrive to the SAN
you can mount that folder on the SAn and now it looks as if it is local to your server
it is important
you can add storage through SAN very ver easily (lot easier than doing a lot of data migration)
=>very easy to replace storage now
so instead of worring about RAiD, hardrive, ou can just plug in an entire box or plug out an entire
box
The second reason wh the SAn is becoming more and more important is because of
virtualisation
Now with virtualizaion instead of having 50 physical boxes sitting in our data center we now have
5 or 6 physical servers with 50 instances of server operating systems floating in between all of
those physical servers
SAN is what the hypervisors are usin when migrating instances of operating system from one
server to another

When you do virtualization type 1

it seems that the instances of of operating systems are running in the hardware
but what reall happens is that these hypervisers are connected to the SAN
The San is actually where all the instances of the operating system are stored
What the virtualization software does => it goes to the SAN, it grabs an instance and it takes it to
the physical machine that has the ressources in order to use it
So the insancs are stored in the SAN and run on the hypervisor
So if one of the machine fails
=> the virtual machine recognizes that and then automaticly then will turn the instances on on a
differebt machine that has the ressources

Fiber channel is the main storage network that is used for the san environement
it is a fiber optiq network
=> and it can run anwhere from 2 to 16mbs per secondes connection

sobasicly you have the SANS, all the SAN devices are connected to a fiber channel switch using
fiber optik cable
and then the server
and that's a virtual infrastructiure then connect to the fiber switch

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