Problem.
A reinforce concrete drainage is 2 m in diameter, was constructed w/o
uniform slope of 2:1000 and discharge to the sea. The figure below shows that during
heavy rainfall, the drainage discharge in 2.05 m 3/s. Assume steady flow and n = 0.015.
Determine the distance between manhole 1 and 2.
Sol’n:
CHAPTER IX
HYDRODYNAMICS
- Concrete of dynamic force on fixed object.
Qw
Px = (Vox – Vfx)
𝑔
Qw
Py = (Voy – Vfy)
𝑔
Components of dynamic force on moving object.
Uo = Vo – V
Then,
Q′w @ pont 1
Px = (Vox – Vfx)
𝑔
Vox = Vo
Q′w Voy = 0
Py = (Voy – Vfy)
𝑔
@ Point 2
Vfx = V + Uf cos Ѳ
Vfy = Vf sin Ѳ
Then,
Q = VoA
𝑄
A = Vo
Q’ = VoA
𝑄
Q’ = Uo (Vo)
Uo
Q’ = Vo 𝑄
Components of the total force on a reducing bend.
1. Dynamic Force
2. Static Force
Qw
Px = (V1x – V2x)
𝑔
Qw
Py = (V1y – V2y)
𝑔
P = √𝑃𝑥 2 + 𝑃𝑦 2 - Resultant of dynamic force.
Rx = Px Sx
Ry = Py Sy
R = √𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2
STATIC FORCE
S1 = P1A1
S2 = P2A2
Sx = S1x – S2x
S = √𝑆𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑦 2 - Static Force
DYNAMIC FORCE
1 2 L
QWV
F= 𝑔
W=F
QWV₂
But ; F2 = 𝑔
QWV₁
F1 = 𝑔
V22 = V12 ± 2gh
Problem 1. A 6” by 6” vertical column fixed at the bottom is hit by a horizontal jet of
water 1” in diameter at the point 8 ft from the bottom. The velocity of the stream is
reduced to zero upon striking the column. What is the velocity of the stream if the
maximum fiber stream in the column is 1116 psi?
Sol’n:
v
F
8 ft = L
Qw
P=F= (V1 – V2) Eq. 1
𝑔
Q = VA Eq. 2
M = FL - bending Eq. 3
f
M = 6 𝑏𝑑 2 - flexure Eq. 4
𝜋 1
Q = AV = 4 (12) 𝑉
Q in Eq. 1
𝜋 1
( )𝑉 (62.4)𝑉
4 12
F=
32.2
F = 0.11V2 Eq. 5
Eq. 6 in Eq. 4
6 6
(1116)(144)( )( )²
12 12
M = FL 0.088 V2 = 6
M = (0011) V2 (8) V = 199.05 ft/s
M = 0.088 V2 Eq. 6
Problem 2. Water under head of 100 ft issues vertically from a nozzle of one inch
diameter with CV = C = 0.98, compute the height to which can support weight of 50 lb.
Sol’n:
50 lb
100 ft Vf
F
h
Vv
P = wh ∑ 𝑭𝒗 = 𝟎 F=W
H = 100 ft 0=F-W 𝑄𝑊𝑉
50 = 𝑔
Vn = CV √2𝑔𝐻 head of water 𝑥 1
(0.98)( )( )²Vn (64.2)Vn
4 12
50 = 32.2
Vn = 0.98 √2(32.2)(1000)
VN50 = 68.10 ft/s
Vn = 78.64 ft/s
𝑄𝑊𝑉𝑛
F= 𝑄𝑊𝑉𝑛
𝑔 F=
𝑔
Q = AV
𝜋 1 2
(0.98)( )( ) (64.2)(68.10)²
Aa = CcAg 4 12
F=
32.2
Vn = Cv√2𝑔ℎ
F = 50 lb
C = Cc Cv
Cc = 1
VF2 = VN2 – 2gh
𝜋 1 2
( ) (78.64)(62.4)(78.64)
4 12
F= 32.2 (68.10)2 - (78.64)2 = 2(-32.2)h
F = 67.25 lb h = 24.02 ft
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER IX
1. Find the thrust developed when water is pumped through a 300 mm diameter
pipe in the bow of boat at 2 m/s and emitted through a 200 mm diameter pipe
in the stern.
2. A 300 mm diameter pipe is connected to a 600 mm diameter water main by a
reducer. The velocity at the 300 mm pipe being 5 m/s and the pressure is 420
kPa. Neglect losses, find the resultant force exerted by water on the reducer.
3. A jet having a diameter of 50 mm and a velocity of 15 m/s is deflected by a
vane which is curved through an angle of 60o and which is moving with a
velocity of 6 m/s in the same direction as the jet. Determine the X and Y
components of the force exerted by the jet and its direction and velocity as it
leaves the vane.
4. A jet of water flowing at the rate of 0.12 m3/s hits a vertical building wall
horizontally at close range with a force of 7000N. Determine the diameter of
the jet in mm.
5. A hose and nozzle discharges a horizontal water jet against a nearby vertical
plate. The flow rate of water is 0.03 m3/s, and the diameter of the nozzle tip is
30 mm. find the horizontal force necessary to hold the plate in place.
