Test 4 Listening Section | 99 Test 4 Listening approximately 30 minutes SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 (4 2.20-2.25 Questions 1-5 Choose the correct letter, A, Bor C. Places to visit Example The visitor is A alone. @® with friends. | CC with his family. 1 Thevisitoris more interested in A historicLondon. B modernattractions. C newbuildings. 2 Why does the visitor decide to avoid going to the castle? A Itistoo popular. B Itistoo far away. C Itis too expensive. 3. The two museums are recommended because they are A easy toget to. B quiteserious. C veryentertaining, 4. The contemporary art at Tate Modern is largely A British. B international. C European. 5 Aprivate capsule on The London Eyeis good if the visitor A. books aweek in advance. B hasother people to go with. C wantsa very special treat.Questions 6-10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer. General tours River boat cruises: leisurely and 6... way to spend the day ~ knowledgeable and informative commentaries Open-top bus tours: he -miawne iN 10 languages ~can hop on and off Bicycle tours ~cheaper, small groups —must be fit | -see8..... parts of London Smartphone apps -most free - interactive 9 ... ~app tours available in 10...... OF More languages Stop the recording when you hear ‘That is the end of Section 1.’ Before you check your answers to Section 1 of the test, go to page 101.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20 f€} 2.26-2.30 Questions 11-14 ‘What comments does the speaker make about the following items? Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A~F, next to questions 11-14. A possible to hire B necessary to insure € owned byschool D necessary to repair E cheap to obtain - F free of charge 11 awaterproof cover ae 12 alargetent 13 sound equipment 14 abarbecue Questions 15-18 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer. Things to organize before the event 15 Forsafety, an audience-free zone thats... 16 ‘The performers will need three hours to set up, and good... their vehicles. .-indicated is essential. for 17 Nearthe performance area, a suitable and safety-certificated SOUrCE Of sc0eonnsnnn tsneeded. 18 The speakeris sure the. requirements can be met. Questions 19 and 20 Choose the correct letter, A, Bor C. 19 The performers advertise A onthe school website. B onsocial media. C inlocal newspapers. 20 ‘The speaker suggests that class teachers should encourage children to A offer free tickets for the concert. B write an advert fora paper. C design posters of the event. Stop the recording when you hear “That is the end of Section 2.’ . Now check your answers to Section 2 of the test.SECTION 3 Questions 21-30 (4 2.31-2.35 Questions 21-23 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Sophie’s article 21 Sophie has chosen an article on the funding to certain university courses. 22 Sophie's chosen article has made her feel quite 23 Sophie thinks thatarticles like the one she has chosen can affect course funding. Ce Questions 24-27 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Sophie’s comments Points in article Contradiction Reason more students equipped | not everyone suited to difference in people's goals for modern job market studying STEM subjects | and24 subjects like art shouldbe | crucial 25... professionals with self-funded subjects different languages . needed globally more university funding | _enough money is engineers needed, not at for scientists and 26 chet into .o-| the 27 AEE of i engineers these areas investment elsewhereQuestions 28-30 Choose THREE letters, A-G. Which THREE points do the speakers mention about organizing a critique? A select some main points B restate any examples C review the contents D review minor details E write subheadings F mention writer's effectiveness G commenton writer's clarity ‘Stop the recording when you hear “That is the end of Section 3.’ Before you check your answers to Section 3 of the test, go to pages 105-106.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40 f@) 2.36-2.38 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. COURSE REVIEW Work experience Students benefited from + work experience before taking the course * day-release work31..... during the course - many local companies set up by past students Qualifications are valued by employers - but also essential to gain 32 .»forjob market Diploma graduates - very well 38 -------nn Entrepreneurship module ‘Students to benefit from market trends ¢ domination by global enterprises wm ‘ greater emphasis on small companies, e.g, tech 34. moreflexible/agile Ley 1 f il Dynamic company with quick reaction to 36... Networking Students , « had plenty of opportunities to make 86 00.) o-neensnn and build up networks « were shown how systems within organizations work/don’twork ‘Goingitalone’ « shown possible 37... « opportunity for future developments faced Skills learnt on the course can open up economic potential « source ofnewjobs and growth « benefitthe local economy and the 38. ..of the university/department World skills module Non-cognitive skills © opportunity recognition, innovation, 39... decision-making, ete * reflection while at work Finance Finance sourcing « setting up independent businesses with the university - exciting new 40... launched for funding new companies Stop the recording when you hear “Thatis the end of Section 4.’ Now check your answers to Section 4 of the test.Academic Reading 60 minutes READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. ‘The growth of liquorice ess hasalong, honourable history in the service of mankind. Alexander the Great, the Scythian armies and the Roman Emperor Caesar, areall on record for endorsing the beneficial properties contained in liquorice. Warriors used it as a substitute for water on a march, while others recognized liquorice’s valuable healing properties. Native to Asia and the Mediterranean region, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in the family Leguminosae is a tall shrub (1.5 m) with blue or violet flowers. The most common variety, Spanish liquorice, is characterized by blue flowers, while Russian liquorice has violet blossoms, The name giycyrrhiza comes from Greek words meaning ‘sweet root. The roots contain the medicinally active constituents, and the plant requires rich soils and grows in subtropical climates. It is indigenous to Turkey, Iraq, Spain, Greece and northern China. The plants are graceful and their leaves have an almost feathery appearance from a distance:The leaves hang down during the night on each side of the stem, though they do not meet beneath it. From the leaves, spring spikes of small pale-blue, violet or purplish flowers, followed by small pods somewhat resembling a partly-grown pea pod in form. The underground system, as in so many Leguminosae, is double: one part consisting ofavertical or tap root, often with several branches; the other of a horizontal runner, comingoff the root below thesurface of the ground. These runnershave leafbudsand throw up stems in their second year. The perennial downward-running roots, as well as the long horizontal runners, are equally preserved for use. English-grown liquorice is dug up in late autumn and sold mostly in its fresh state for making extract, with only a small amount being dried. When washed, fresh English liquorice is a bright yellowish brown. It is very flexible, with a light yellow, juicy internal substance, which consists of a thick bark surrounding a woody column. The root has a peculiar earthy odour and a strong, characteristic, sweet taste. ‘The English extract of liquorice, made from the fresh home-grown root, is said to have amore delicate favour than that of imported varieties. Insouthern Italy, large quantities of liquorice root are grown, butitischiefly converted into extract, though some of the root is exported. Spain and the south of France provide quantities of carefully dried liquorice root. Up to the year 1890, the cultivation of Spanish liquorice was small or moderate in comparison with the wild collection. Owing, however, to the depletion of the natural supplies of good quality root, this cultivation has grown rapidly in southern and southern-central Europe, where the climate is favourable.Nearly all the Russian liquorice that has been exported has already been peeled. Iereachesa much larger size than the Spanish variety, and the taste, although sweet, is accompanied byasubtlebitterness or acridity. Icconsists chiefly of roots, not runners, in long and often crooked pieces, about 5 cm in thickness. These are pale yellow externally, and are a lighter yellow and softer internally than the Spanish variety. Spain was formerly the main supplier, which explains why the extractis still referred toas ‘Spanish Juice’, but the best grade has almost disappeared . Thesticks vary in size, butarecommonly about2.cmindiameterand 15 or 18 min length. When imported, they are usually wrapped in bay leaves. Liquorice grows best on sandy soil near streams, and is usually not found in the wild more than 50 metres from water. It will not flourish on clay and prefers the rich, fine soil of lowlands in river valleys, where there is an abundance of moisture during the growing period, Liquorice also flourishes where the ground hardens during the hot, dry summer months. The plant grows most successfully in a warm climate, Not only can it not endure severe freezing, but cool weather interferes with the formation of the sweet liquorice juice and makes the plant woody. It appears that climates which are particularly favourable for the production of oranges are also favourable for liquorice. Owing to the depth to which the root penetrates and its propagation the plane is a persistent weed in cultivated grounds, where tisindigenousand exceedingly difficult to remove by ts roots. Itis very healthy and robust and rarely subject to disease. Itcan successfully occupy the ground to the exclusion of other plants. For this reason, the continuation of a natural supply may be considered as assured, although itis liable to suffer from severe depletion duc to being overpicked. ee Questions 1-5 Choose FIVE letters, A-J. Which FIVE of the following statements about the liquorice plant are true according to thepassage? ‘A The health properties of liquorice are not well known. B Liquorice used to be valued asa means to quench thirst. © Liquorice plants only grow in tropical climates. D Liquorice blossoms are blue or violet. E Liquorice flowers last for along time. F Theleaves of the liquorice plant look like feathers. G Pods develop on the plantafter the flowering stage. H Medicine is derived from the flowers of the liquorice plant. 1 Theliquorice root system has two roots. J Horizontal runners develop stems immediately.Questions 6-10 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? Write TRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information . NOTGIVEN _ ifthereisno information on this 6 Onlysome of the English liquorice is harvested in the autumn. 7 Imported varieties of liquorice have a stronger taste than English liquorice. 8 After 1890, the production of Spanish liquorice declined slowly. 9 Russian liquorice is not popular because it has a bitter taste. 10 Russian and Spanish varieties of liquorice have identical flavours. Questions 11-13 Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below. 11 Wild liquorice is usually found near streams because it 12 To guarantee the development of juice, the liquorice plant 13. Insomeareas, the liquorice plantis a problem because it A requires awarm climate. B flourishes on clay. C needs alot of water. D tolerates very low temperatures. E spreadsvery easily. Before you check your answers to Reading Passage I, go to page 111.READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 20n the following pages. Questions 14-20 Reading Passage 2 has seven sections, A-G. Choose the correct heading for sections A-G from the list of headings below. List of Headings i The main features of smart ways to provide services ii Possible examples of the best smart cities The growth of urbanization iv The birth of a new global concept Vv Smart cities as attractive places to live and work vi Another important criterion for selecting a smart city vii An explanation rather than a definition of the smart city concept viii An analysis of present and future economic growth ix The importance of outcomes and performance x _Howthe developing world copies the West 14 Section A 15 SectionB 16 SectionC : 17 SectionD 18 Section E 19 SectionF 20 SectionGA. The focus on making cities work efficiently for the benefit oftheir inhabitants, in so-called Smart Cities’ is a concept that has come into being in recent years. Today, it has gained even greater prominence as individual cities around the world such as London, New York, Shanghai and Tokyo attract more and more attention internationally B_ The concept of a smart city goes way beyond the transactional relationships between citizen and the institutions that provide services in cities. tis essentially about enabling and encouraging citizens to become more active and participating members of the community, for example, providing feedback on the quality of services or the state of roads and the built environment, adopting a more sustainable and healthy lifestyle, volunteering for social activities or supporting minority groups. Furthermore, citizens need employment and smart cities are often attractive locations to live, work and visit. But the concepts not static: there is no absolute definition of a smart city, no end point, but rather a process, or series of steps, by which cities become more ‘liveable’ and resilient and, hence, able to respond quicker to new challenges. Thus, a smart city should enable every citizen to engage with all the services on offer, public as well as private, in a way best suited to his or her needs. It brings together hard infrastructure, social capital including local skills and community institutions, and (digital) technologies to fuel sustainable economic development and provide an attractive environment for all. © There are many global candidates for the title of the main smart city. ls Masdar City in the desert of Abu Dhabi with its emphasis on a carbon-free environment and its reliance ‘on solar energy and wind power the top of the list? The city is free of cars, but it is experimenting with a network of driverless cars. Or is it Singapore with its use of real-time data to supply information about the environment and the weather? Cities such as London, Paris and Shanghai with their extensive public transport networks, and London especially with its congestion charge, might also see themselves as top contenders. D_ Thereare five key aspects to smarter approaches to providing services, which are strongly information-driven. The first is having a modern digital infrastructure, which enables citizens to access the information they need, when they need it. A recognition that service delivery is improved by putting the citizen at the centre is the second key aspect. This involves placing the citizen's needs first, sharing management information to provide a coherent service, and offering internet service delivery where possible (at a fraction of the face-to-face cost). The third aspects an intelligent physical infrastructure such as transport, to enable service providers to use the full range of data both to manage service delivery on a dally basis. Another is a willingness to learn from others and experiment with new approaches and new business models. And lastly, there isa transparency of outcomes/performance, for example, city service dashboards to enable citizens to compare and challenge performance, establishment by establishment, and area by area.114 | Academic Reading Passage 2 Test 4 E Butsome feel that the key attribute for a smart city — the sixth and critical criterion — is that the leadership has a clear vision of what the future city offers its people. Itis a vision which has been developed in consultation with its citizens, creating an attractive environment for business across the city, so that the quality of life of all its citizens is enhanced by anticipating and meeting their needs, and so firms and people embrace the vision and want to locate and live there. F Urbanization and economic development are two sides of the same coin. In 1800, just 2% of the world's population was urbanized, By 1900, this had risen to 13%; in 2000, the figure had reached 47%; and in 2008, it passed 50%. On current trends itis estimated to be 60% in 2030; 70% or even 75% in 2050; and virtually all tis growth will take place in the developing world as it imitates Western Europe and North America. G According to the McKinsey Global Institute's extensive study of global cities, 80% of global GDP is generated in cities with 50% in the 380 major cities of the developed world and 10% in the largest 220 cities of the developing world, In 2025, these top 600 Cities will still be generating 60% of the growth in GDP, but their membership will have shifted East with an estimated 100 new cities entering the rankings from China alone, where the urban population is expected to rise by 200 million, to over 800 million. Some 235 million households earning more than $20,000 per annum will live in the emerging economy cities, compared to 210 million in developed region cities. Such an expanding urban middle class, with high expectations of public services and the quality of the urban infrastructure and environment, will have a profound impact on the market for smart city services.Questions 21-25 Choose FIVE letters, A-G. Which FIVE of the following features of smart cities are mentioned by the writer? A The cityhasa service delivery where the citizen is at the heart of provision. B Thecity allows citizens to fully engage by making all data public. C The city possesses a smart transport system. D Thetrains and buses run on time. E “There is ample opportunity for face-to-face communication. F The public can easily access an online and up-to-date infrastructure. G ‘The public are open to learning from others and discovering new approaches. Question 26 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Which is the best title for Reading Passage 2? ‘A The main smart cities around the globe B Thecriteria for the identification of a smartcity C The birth and growth of the smart city concept D Smartcities of the world in the future Before you check your answers to Reading Passage 2, go to page 116.READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Bird of Paradise: Dancer of the jungle HE MALE BIRD OF PARADISE with | its strikingly colourful plumage is just as amazing a spectacle in the jungle of New Guinea today as it has always been. In the mating season, its bright red, yellow and blue feathers stand out against the green of the rainforest. This special bird belongs to one of the most beautiful species in the world and it has inspired many an artist. ‘The male of the Great Bird of Paradise with its vibrant colour and fluffy, scarlet feathers, is the most spectacular-looking member of this very flamboyant species. For many Papuans the bird of paradise is a symbol of solidarity. ‘This bird occurs on New Guinea and its surrounding islands. Of the 43 species, 38 actually occur on the island of New Guinea itself. Sixspecies occur on the Moluccas, ‘a group ofislands near New Guinea, and there are four species in north-east Australia, According to geologists, Australia was attached to New Guinea over 10,000 years ago, butitis now separated by the Torres Strait. “The bird of paradise is a fruit eater. Fruit is its staple diet, but seeds, insects, frogs and small reptiles are also consumed, The birds have wonderful names such as Banner Bearer, King Bird of Paradise and Lintstaartastrapia. The black crow and the jay are, in fact, related to the bird of paradise. Some species re blackand resemble the black crow, but most birds of paradise are brightly coloured with long tail feathers, making them Took more like a peacock than a crow. With their brightly coloured plumage, the males lure the females which are a dull brown and not at all colourful. Female birds live in small groups, but the males are usually solitary.Inthe mating season, the male makes a very peculiarand very loud call, thesole purpose of which is to lure the female. To impress his mate, he shows off his lovely plumes using quitea complicated mating ritual. He repeatedly jumps from one branch to thenext, and hangs upside down to make his colourful tail stand out even more. A group of females dances wildly around him. This dancing ritual always occurs on a particular spot which isknown asa'‘lek: In the end, one ‘lucky female’ is selected fora mate. ‘The bird of paradise has a significant role in Papuan culture. Many tribes use the feathers for decorative headgear as well as for ceremonial dress, traditional skirts and other women’s clothing. This special clothing is often passed on from one generation to the next. As birds of paradise live right at the top of trees, catching them involves a tticky procedure, Birds of paradise have long been sought after as a status symbol. he first European to set eyes on a bird of paradise was Antonio Pigafetta from Venice, who sailed to the East Indies as an assistant of the explorer Ferdinand Magellan at the beginning of the 16th ‘century. In 1596, the Dutch explorer, Jan Huygen van Linschoten had an enthusiastic entry in his log book about the bird of paradise. The first specimens were brought in during trade expeditions in the 16th century and it soon led to a brisk trade, During the 19th century, the firstlive birds were brought to Europe. Fashion designers started using the lovely feathers for ladies’ hats. Between 1880 and 1890, the bird of paradise was well onits way to being decimated because of the excessive use of feathers for the hats of vain individuals. The relentless hunting continued and by the beginning of the 20th century about 50,000 birds were being traded each year. ‘The Dutch trade in birds of paradise began in March 1910 when Hollandia, now Jayapura, was founded. The islet Metu Debi, in the estuary at Jafeta Bay between Tobatti and Engros had been the main meeting place for bird of paradise traders around 1900. However, Hollandia only profited from the trade for a short period of time. Initially, the trade in feathers spurred on the growth of this town, but in 1912 hunting birds of paradise became illegal and by 1922 an embargo put a stop to the trade. After this development, the numbers of birds of paradise started to rise very slowly. Local Papuans were allowed to hunt these birds to accommodate traditional customs, but these birds were no longer being exported from former Dutch New Guinea. However, after it was incorporated into Indonesia in the 1960s, the illegal trade started up again. Today, the bird of paradise is still popular across the globe because of its beauty.Questions 27-31 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3? Write YES ifthe statement agrees with the claims of the writer No ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOTGIVEN ifitisimpossible to say what the writer thinks about this 27 Male great birds of paradise have a more impressive appearance than other birds ofparadise. 28 Birds of paradise are only found on the island of New Guinea. 29 Birds of paradise are close relatives of the black crow and the jay. 30. Male birds of paradise tend to livealone. 81 ‘The purpose of the male's call during mating is to drive away other males. Questions 32-35 Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. 32 ‘The part played by the bird of paradise in Papuan culture is.. 33. By the early 1900s, commercial traffic involved approximately. birds of paradise annually. 34 ...was the location where bird traders met around the very beginning ofthe 20th century. 85 By 1922, the trade in birds of paradise ended as a result ofan... Questions 36-39 Classify each event below as occurring during the A 16th century B igth century C 20th century 36 the trading of the first live specimens of birds of paradise 37 the introduction of legislation to protect birds of paradise 38 the first European sighting of a bird of paradise 39 the decline in bird numbers due to fashion demands Question 40 Choose the correct letter, A, B, Cor D. According to the writer, the bird of paradise A does not attract as much attention as before. B hasnotlostits popularity. C hasseena decline in numbers. D isnolonger used in traditional costumes. . Now check your answers to Reading Passage 3.WRITING TASK 2 ‘You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: More and more works being carried out by machines in all areas of our lives. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. Before youwrite your answer to Writing Task 2, go to page 124.