MAPUA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering

Project: Road Widening Of Fort Bonifacio-Nichols Field Road,

Lawton Avenue, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City

Client: DPWH-NCR

Project Engineer: Engr. Edgardo S. Ramos

By:

Balot, Jonasel O.

Basalo, Mark Genre S.

Duerme, Justine A

Perucho, Christine Jeanne T.

A Final Report Submitted to the School of Civil, Environmental and Geological

Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course of Civil

Engineering Internship 3

Engr. Kevin Paolo Robles

January 2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................... 3

B. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .............................................................................. 4

C. PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ......................................................... 7

D. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY FIELD PERSONNEL ...................... 8

E. PROJECT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS, SHOP DRAWINGS AND OTHER

SUBMITTALS ....................................................................................................................... 14

F. SAFETY MANAGEMENT........................................................................................... 21

G. ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND REGULATIONS AT THE PROJECT SITE .. 29

H. JOB CONTROL FORMS ......................................................................................... 33

I. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................. 34

J. PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 42

K. TIME AND RESOURCE SCHEDULES AS WELL AS TIME AND COST

CONTROL ............................................................................................................................. 46

L. MEASURING WORK ACCOMPLISHMENTS, REPORTING WORK

PROGRESS, AND PREPARING PROGRESS BILLINGS .............................................. 52

M. VARIATION ORDERS AND TIME EXTENSIONS ............................................. 55

N. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ................................................................................... 67

O. PHYSICAL ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE PROJECT PRIOR TO

SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT ................................................................................... 69

A. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Project Name: Proposed Widening Of Fort Bonifacio-Nichols Field Road

Implementing Office: DPWH National Capital Region

Location: Lawton Avenue, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City

Contract Cost: Php. 424, 883, 215.72

Project Duration:

Start: September 06, 2017

Target Date of Completion: December 31, 2020

Contractor: Northern Builders

Fig 1. On-site road widening

B. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. OWNER

DPWH Logo

MISSION

To provide and manage quality infrastructure facilities and services

responsive to the needs of the Filipino people in the pursuit of national
development objectives.

VISION

By 2030, DPWH is an effective and efficient government agency,

improving the life of every Filipino through quality infrastructure.

QUALITY POLICY

We commit to provide quality, safe, and environment-friendly public

infrastructure facilities that will improve the life of every Filipino.

We commit to comply with all requirements and to continually improve

effectiveness and efficiency in serving the public.

We endeavor to implement the RIGHT PROJECTS at the RIGHT COST

determined through transparent and competitive bidding; with the RIGHT
QUALITY, according to international standards; delivered RIGHT ON TIME
through close monitoring of project implementation; and carried out by the
RIGHT PEOPLE who are competent and committed to uphold the values of
public service, integrity, professionalism, excellence, and teamwork.

Roles and Responsibilities of Owner

1. Providing financing for the project

2. Providing site surveys
3. Securing and paying for easements
4. Warranting the plans and specifications
5. Warranting the owner furnished materials
6. Disclosing superior knowledge
7. Acting on clarifications and changes
8. Interpreting the documents
9. Cooperating with the contractor
10. Selecting all professionals on the project
11. Interacting with various governmental bodies
12. Interacting with real estate professionals to sell the finished project
13. Interacting with title companies to facilitate the sale

Roles and Responsibilities of Engineer

1. Develop construction plans

2. Oversee Engineering processes
3. Manage Construction Projects
4. Draft technical support documents
5. Communicate with team leadership
2. CONTRACTOR

. Northern Builders Logo

Northern Builders is committed to provide quality construction services.

VISION
To provide foundations for society’s future
MISSION
To be the most respected and successfully operated company in our
Industry.
STRENGTH
We are solid partner of our customers based on the integrity and
competency of our people,
Our decades of experience and our track record for delivering results.
PERFORMANCE
We demand excellence, deliver on our promises and continuously search
for new and better ways to provide the best solutions for our customers.
PASSION
We care about we are personally committed to everything we do,
especially our people and their safety and development, our customers
and their success and the world we inhabit, in particular the people and
environment, in the communities where we live and work.

Roles and Responsibilities of Contractors

1. Make sure the client is aware of the client duties under Construction
Design and Management before any work starts
 2. Plan, manage and monitor all work carried out by risks to anyone who
might be affected by it, which includes member of the public, and the
measures needed to protect them
3. Check that all workers they employ or appoint have the skills,
knowledge, training and experience to carry out the work, or are in the
process of obtaining them
4. Make sure all workers under their control have a suitable, site-specific
induction, unless this has already been provided by the principal
contractor
5. Provide appropriate supervision, information and instructions to
workers under their control
6. Ensure they do not start work on site unless reasonable steps have been
taken to prevent unauthorized access
7. Ensure suitable welfare facilities are provided from the start for
workers under their control, and maintain them throughout the work

C. PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

D. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY FIELD
PERSONNEL

 Project Director
 o Responsible for overseeing workers in various departments who
are assigned certain tasks to complete for a given project. The
job description of a project director will involve creating
schedules and following up with workers to ensure that each
phase of a project proceeds as planned.

 Project Manager
o Have overall responsibility for the successful planning,
execution, monitoring, control and closure of a project. They
must have a combination of skills including an ability to ask
penetrating questions, detect unstated assumptions and resolve
conflicts, as well as more general management skills.

 Project Engineer
o Develops project objectives by reviewing project proposals and
plans; conferring with management. Determines project
responsibilities by identifying project phases and elements;
assigning personnel to phases and elements; reviewing bids from
contractors. Determines project specifications by studying
product design, customer requirements, and performance
standards; completing technical studies; preparing cost
estimates. Confirms product performance by designing and
conducting tests.

 Project Inspector
o Review plans to ensure they meet building codes, local
ordinances, and zoning regulations. Approve building plans that
are satisfactory. Monitor construction sites periodically to ensure
overall compliance. Use survey instruments, metering devices,
and test equipment to perform inspections. Inspect plumbing,
electrical, and other systems to ensure that they meet code.
Verify alignment, level, and elevation of structures to ensure
building compliance. Issue violation notices and stop-work
 orders until building is compliant. Keep daily logs, including
photographs taken during inspection. Provide written feedback
related to the findings.

 Materials Engineer
o Responsible for the research, specification, design and
development of materials to advance technologies and products
of many kinds. Selecting the best combination of materials for
specific purposes. Testing materials to assess how resistant they
are to heat, corrosion or chemical attack. Analyzing data using
computer modelling software. Assessing materials for specific
qualities (such as electrical conductivity, durability,
renewability). Considering the implications for waste and other
environmental pollution issues of any product or process.
Working to solve problems arising during the manufacturing
process or with the finished product, such as those caused by
daily wear and tear or a change of environment. Supervising
quality control throughout the construction and production
process. Helping to ensure that products comply with national
and international legal and quality standards. Advising on
inspection, maintenance and repair procedures.

 Construction Engineers
o Coordinate with project manager and administer efficient
working of construction process and monitor lifecycle of all
projects and prepare all project controls and update as per
requirement and document all processes. Provide technical
support to all management processes and maintain and update
all logs and document all estimates and change orders for
vendors and perform quantity survey with help of different
software and maintain compliance to an efficient project
schedule. Prepare physical layout for all construction projects
and coordinate with project manager to administer and maintain
 all contracts and purchase orders and prepare an effective work
schedule.

 Site Engineers
o Act as the main technical adviser on a construction site for
subcontractors, craftspeople and operatives. Set out, level and
survey the site. Check plans, drawings and quantities for
accuracy of calculations. Ensure that all materials used and work
performed are in accordance with the specifications. Oversee the
selection and requisition of materials. Agree a price for materials
and make cost-effective solutions and proposals for the intended
project. Manage, monitor and interpret the contract design
documents supplied by the client or architect. Liaise with any
consultants, subcontractors, supervisors, planners, quantity
surveyors and the general workforce involved in the project.
Liaise with the local authority (where appropriate to the project)
to ensure compliance with local construction regulations and by-
laws. Communicate with clients and their representatives
(architects, engineers and surveyors), including attending
regular meetings to keep them informed of progress. Day-to-day
management of the site, including supervising and monitoring
the site labour force and the work of any subcontractors. Plan the
work and efficiently organise the plant and site facilities in order
to meet agreed deadlines. Oversee quality control and health and
safety matters on site. Prepare reports as required. Resolve any
unexpected technical difficulties and other problems that may
arise.

 Resident Engineer
o Resident Engineers are involved in the design, specifications,
and execution of various projects. They use their expertise to
evaluate construction projects and determine the best
engineering method or practice to accomplish the job. They will
 establish an estimated cost and what tools and technologies are
appropriate for the job as well as a timeframe for the work to be
completed. Supervising construction staff is another of the
Resident Engineer’s duties. They must ensure staff are properly
trained in the use of all equipment, that all staff have access to
and use any safety gear and that the team is reaching the required
milestones. If construction crews encounter any technical issues,
the Resident Engineer should evaluate the issue and provide the
appropriate solutions. Resident Engineers must make sure their
projects adhere to all government and industry standards and
guidelines. If special permits or records need to be obtained, the
Resident Engineer will do so and ensure the paperwork is
recorded and stored properly.

 Quantity Engineer
o Quantity surveyors are responsible for the cost of any building
project - from initial estimates, right through to the final
acquisition of materials. Surveying jobs and their associated
roles are varied - but focused on providing clients value for
money while adhering to the strict regulations which govern
every aspect of the construction industry.

 Admin Staff
o Helps executives roll out workplace initiatives, as well as
administrate daily affairs. Common job requirements include
sorting mail, answering phones, taking messages and following
up with customers. Administrative assistants also organize
meetings, arrange travel, manage records and monitor expenses.
Traditional office duties, such as filing, copying, scanning,
ordering supplies and overseeing supply reordering, are also
performed. Depending on how much autonomy staff is given,
some positions require independent judgment and keen decision-
making skills. In addition, construction administrative assistants
 help to ensure that project contracts and bids are complete and
filed on time. They may also be responsible for coordinating
activities, such as workshops and meetings, off the job site.
Depending on the size of the company, a construction
administrative assistant may be responsible for training and
supervising other clerical staff.

 Labor
o Responsible for cleaning and preparing construction sites for the
erection of structures and buildings. Unloads and loads
materials, reads plans and specifications, tends machines, mixes
concrete, pours concrete, and assists carpenters, operating
engineers, and other construction site workers
E. PROJECT PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS, SHOP
DRAWINGS AND OTHER SUBMITTALS
F. SAFETY MANAGEMENT

In the jobsite, the number one priority is the safety of the workers because when
the jobsite is safe, the workmanship of the workers is of high quality. The management
does not discriminate on the gender of the workers and gives equal opportunities to
female construction workers. The day starts with a toolbox meeting where the safety
engineer leads the morning exercises and then proceeds to remind the workers and the
engineers of the safety procedures that is to be observed at all times.

These are some of the main reasons why safety is important as discussed to the
interns by the safety officer:

1. Reducing injuries reduces cost to the business

If a worker is injured on the job, it costs the company in lost work hours,
increased insurance rates, workers’ compensation premiums and possible
litigation. Productivity is lost when other workers have to stop work to deal with
the injury. Even after the injured employee has been sent home or taken to the
hospital, other employees may be distracted or need to take time off from work
in the aftermath of the incident. Even a single injury can have far-reaching and
debilitating effect on the business.

2. Safe workers are loyal workers

Any business knows that employee attrition and absenteeism can be

major obstacles. When you create a healthy and safe workplace, you reduce
those issues in several ways. By budgeting for safety improvements and making
safety part of your operational plan, you engender trust. By involving
employees in safety decisions-through reporting, committees, walk-throughs
and meetings- you show that their opinion matters to you. By following through
on their input and improving safety, you prove quite tangibly that you care about
their wellbeing. Workers typically respond by working harder, showing more
pride in their jobs and remaining loyal.
3. Safety improves quality

Time and again, companies that put safety first turn out higher quality
products. In some cases, that’s because a safe workplace tends to be a more
efficient one, free of debris and tangles of cords. In other cases, it’s a matter of
focus. By working in a clean, efficient environment, workers are able to reduce
distractions and truly focus on the quality of what they do. The results? Better
products that create customer loyalty, bigger margins and increased sales. In
these ways and others workplace safety is about much more than legislation.
It’s about creating the kind of productive, efficient, happy and inspiring
workplace we all want to be part of. It’s about creating a highly profitable
company. And that’s why it’s important.

4. Safety Procedure & Inspection

 Safety and Health Program

- Training programs for employee’s awareness on policies

- Activity and Job Hazard Analysis: identification and control

- Procedures on Hazardous Work Permit Requests

- Accidents Investigation and Reporting Procedures

- Procedures, charts for the control inspection surveillance and

reports

- Emergency Preparedness Program

- Safe working areas including working platforms

- Noise, Dust and other environmental concerns mitigation and

control

- Site Maintenance and Sanitation, and Health Facilities

- Construction Waste Handling

- Site Traffic Control

 Employee’s Safety Training and Orientation

- All are required to attend safety induction course conducted by

authorized safety practitioner, project safety engineer or designated

safety staff prior to commencement of work at site.

- All employees shall undergo & pass pre-employment medical

examination prior to safety-induction training course

- Contents of Induction Course includes but not limited to:

 Description of the site activities

 Associated hazards, PPE’s, fall prevention

 Emergency procedures, fire protection, fire prevention

 Site safety rules, disciplinary actions, safety guidelines

 Statutory and Regulatory requirements

 First Aid facilities, temporary facilities

 Proper housekeeping and arrangement

 Accident/ incident reporting procedures

 Emergency Response Plan

- Survey the Scene

- Secure the Scene

- Who talks to the media?

- Collect evidence/data

- Analyze Data (review past investigation)

- Determine causes (scientific methods)

 - Disciplinary actions, last resorts

- Follow up (eliminate hazards)

- Submit reports to the Project Director for dissemination

 First Aid

First Aid Facilities and Rescue Equipment

- First Aide Personnel

- The names of trained First Aider members will be posted on the

bulletin board and be located on a conspicuous place for easy

reference

- First Aid Kits

- first Aid Kits shall be provided in easily accessible positions

- The First Aider on duty shall ensure that the First Aid kit is at the

designated position in order. Inspection and refilling are required

periodically

- The first aid kits shall be marked with “FIRST AID”

- Portable first aid kits shall be provided for use by the First Aider

for emergency use

- Site vehicles are preferably equipped with first aid kits

- Rescue Equipment

- Stretcher; spine board

- Portable first aid box

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

 - The contractor will provide such instruction, information, training

and supervisions to ensure the PPE are used and maintained as

intended.

- Issuance of PPE are required. Safety shoes with steel toes to be

worn by all employees engaged in any construction at site.

 Bathroom Utilities

- Provide separate facilities for each sex

- Locate toilet facilities within 61m (200ft) of all locations where

workers are regularly performing work

- Designing the number of toilet fixtures on the anticipated maximum

number of workers at project site

- Floors shall be concrete. Walls and partitions shall be constructed

at CMU’s and doors and latch

- Each toilet and commode shall occupy a separate compartment or

stall, equipped with door and latch.

- Install toilet fixtures, commodes, and urinals such that the space

around and behind the fixture can be easily cleaned.

- Label facilities properly in English and the commonly understood

local language. Pictograms shall be used.

- Provide hand-washing lavatories in close proximity to all toilet

facilities

 Lockers
 - Provide changing or dressing rooms with individual lockers to

enable all workers to change between street clothing and work

clothing

- Provide lockers for janitorial service

 Dust and Mud Control

- When carrying out activities which will generate dust, isolation of

thework area is preferable

- Demarcate the work area and put up warning notice at dusty zone

- Reduce time exposure inside the dusty zone

- Frequent watering is required on site for dust suppression

- Material which will generate dust should be handled carefully and

proper dust mask must be used

- Supplementary equipment such as water facilities and dust

absorbers should be used in activities like grinding, drilling, etc.

which generate dust, workers should wear approved breathing

apparatus

- All kinds of breathing apparatus should be the approved type

- For the sake of environmental protection and public concerns,

effective dust control and monitor program should be adopted to

maintain the dust level at an acceptable standard.

 Tools, Equipment and Machinery

- Quality

- Safe Clearance Procedure

- Test and Certification of Operators and Equipment

 - Equipment erection, test, maintenance repairs in accordance with

the manufacturer’s recommendation with proper documentation

 Barricades, Railing and Warning Signs

- Provide substantial barricade-type closure and rails at locations

where encroachment of a physically hazardous condition is

possible, for those adjoining the project site

- Provide warning signs, flashing-type warning lights, and adequate

general lighting at principal barricades which are not intended to be

crash-proof

- Maintain barricades through periods of exposure to hazardous

condition

- Hazard warning lights, signs, markers or flags should be provided

for security of excavations

 Traffic Control

- Provide traffic control signage signals as may be necessary and

useful in controlling traffic

- Cooperate with the local officials with the adjustment of street

entrance/exiting signals

- Flagmen must be trained and given orientation on all traffic routes

and possible changes during the operation to prevent tie-up in the

operation of the construction

 Security of Excavation Control Measures

 - Isolating the hazardous area, such as by the use of perimeter

fencing, barricades, screens, barriers, handrails, and/or covers,

which are capable of preventing access or preventing the fall of a

person

- Removal or lowering ladders in work site

- Compliance with relevant EHS requirements

- Hazard warning lights, signs, markers or flags

- Site security measures, including fencing or use of safety observer

- Night lighting

 Roadways, Walkways and Parking

- Establish safe roadways and walkways in and around the project

site, and connecting to adjoining public thoroughfares

- Do not allow established traffic passages to become encumbered or

obstructed with work activities and similar elements

- Keep established entrance and exit passages for medical

emergencies, escape, firefighting, and other emergency access and

egress

- Parking areas will be designated for privately owned vehicles.

Privately owned vehicles are prohibited from entering the project

site or interfering with construction activities

 Prevention of Collapse or Failure open Excavations

- Slope protection will be installed once the depth on 2m.

- Some considerations:

- The depth of the excavation

 - The nature of the strata including their likely behavior upon

exposure to the elements

- Fracture or faults in rock

- The presence of moisture or water

- The possibility of exposure to wet weather and water from other

sources

- Any load close to the edge or in the zone of influence of the

excavation

- The exposure times

- Any previous disturbances of the ground

G. ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND REGULATIONS AT

THE PROJECT SITE
CONTRACT AND AGREEMENT

Construction contract is a legal or mutual agreement in a document form

based on conditions and policies between two parties. The two parties involved
one or more owners and contractors. The owner(s) has the full authority to
decide for a specific development to be constructed and the conditions that
covered in the contr act.

What law in the Philippines related to a contract?

Presidential Decree No. 1594 is a law of prescribing policies, guidelines,

rules and regulations for government infrastructure contracts whereas it states
that, “the present policies, rules and regulations covering government contracts
for infrastructure and other construction projects are generally fragmented and
have been found to be inadequate to cope with the intricate and complex process
involved.”
 Republic Act No. 386 is an act to ordain and institute the Civil Code of the
Philippines. Within this law, the rules and provisions that all related to a contract
between two parties must be follow. The Civil Code of the Philippines is the
product of the codification of private law in the Philippines.

It is the general law that governs family and property relations in the
Philippines. It was enacted in 1950. Article 1305-1422 are articles that covers
the rules, provisions and conditions responsible of a contract. The definition of
contract is stated in Article 1305:

“A contract is a meeting of minds between two persons whereby one binds

himself, with respect to the other, to give something or to render some service.”

Article 1356 states that:

“Contracts shall be obligatory, in whatever form they may have been entered
into, provided all the essential requisites for their validity are present. However,
when the law requires that a contract be in some form in order that it may be
valid or enforceable, or that a contract be proved in a certain way, that
requirement is absolute and indispensable. In such cases, the right of the parties
stated in the following article cannot be exercised.”

RULES AND REGULATIONS AT THE PROJECT SITE

1. Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on site at all times.

Personal Protective Equipment is the last line of defense, in case there

is an occurrence of hazard or any harmful substances in the project site. The
personal protective equipment consists of hard hart, safety boots, and safety
vest, and other more equipment that come along with the task being carried out.

2. Do not start work without proper instructions on the said job.

 Any project site always has hazards that go along with the work. So to
be safe, the worker assigned to a specific job should the risk he expects when
doing the task at hand and to execute the work without affecting ones safety.

3. Keep a clean and organized work area.

Construction site is very messy and full of equipment and materials. So,
every personnel should keep in mind to tidy and clean their workstation so that
other personnel won’t be bothered or even risk their safety by hazards brought
by unorganized workplace.

4. Do not put yourself or other employee at risk.

Each personnel are responsible for his/her actions. Construction site are
a very dangerous place, where lives are always at risk. Be attentive and don’t
make rash and unruly actions.

5. Commit to follow safety regulations and procedures.

A team should be assigned to assess activities for their probable risk and
make a control measure for each of those tasks. On the other hand, employees
should fully understand those instructed in that assessment and follow it to
ensure one’s safety.

6. Never work in unsafe areas that may lead to accidents.

Employees need to make sure that where their work is safe, like areas
where in there is a need to go to a certain height which requires suitable rails
and safety harness to prevent falling.

7. Report defects and near misses.

In case a problem occurs in the project site, the first thing to do is to

report to the supervisor so that proper actions can be taken as soon as possible.
In result, the probable risk or accident may be lessened.

8. Never tamper or change the equipment.

 Never remove safety precautions like harnesses when not finished with
work. Do not use equipment that is not familiar with and without proper
authorization.

9. If in doubt, ask first.

It is better to safe than sorry. So, in case of uncertainty, make sure that
employee has the information he/she needs before performing the task.
H. JOB CONTROL FORMS
I. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

Mobilization

This is the first event of PERT CPM. It is the construction of field office,
barracks, bodega, signages, and barricades. It includes the process of fencing or
securing of the project site.

View of fenced project site along Lawton Ave.

Surveying

Stake survey is done in the project site prior to construction. The limits of the
project as well as elevation is known, which is the purpose of blue topping.
 Limits of the Project

Road Widening

Because the project is a road widening, there is an offset of 15 meters from the
edge. Additional lanes are to be constructed as well as an island in the middle. All
lines of Meralco will be placed underground.
Retaining Wall

There are different kinds of retaining wall present on site to keep the present concrete
and soil from mixing to the treated roads. At least four types of retaining wall are
present on site. Retaining walls are employed on numerous road and bridge projects to
create a clearly delineated divider between traffic and pedestrian areas and to support
areas of exposed earth and material. Multiple materials including rock, concrete
panels, and other pre-formed structures can be employed to construct retaining walls.

Retaining wall

Drainage

Prior to construction of drainage, profile levelling must assessed first to

determine the layout of the drainage. When there is a problem with the elevation or an
obstruction in the road where the drainage is to be laid out, Box Culverts are done to
provide cross drainage or to take electrical or other cables from one side to other.
They are also used to invert the elevation of the drainage. Manholes are usually
placed every 30 meters on the road. There are two common types of manholes: Curb
Inlet Manhole (CIM) and Reinforced Concrete (RC) Manhole. In a CIM, there is a
steel grating or inlet towards the manhole, while an RC Manhole is located on the
carriageway or the road. For manholes, there should be a 0.30 slump. Start the
construction of the drainage from downstream to upstream so that seepage can be
easily dewatered.

The drainage is located underneath the sidewalk. The diameter of the pipe is
910 mm (inside diam.). In this project, RCPC or Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert is
used and has a length of 1m each. Tongue and Groove is a technique done to
effectively bind or connect each RCPC.

RCPCs piled on top of one another and to be as drainage pipes

After connecting, plastering is done as a binder on the inside and outside of

the joints. Flushing is done inside ¾ gravel bedding so that ¼ is not plastered.
 RCPC binded using plaster

Duct Banks

Since there are telcost and Meralco posts, duct banks are constructed. Duct
banks are groups of conduits designed to protect and consolidate cabling to and from
buildings. In a duct bank, data and electrical cables are laid out within PVC conduits
that are bundled together; these groupings of conduit are protected by concrete and
metal casings. To install them, first excavate then lay out the gravel bedding for
structures such as RCPC to be installed.
 Duct Banks

Field Density Test

Afterwards, backfilling is done and embankment should have a degree of

compaction of 95% in the Field Density Test. Embankment will be used for
increasing the elevation. The 100 mm thick base course should be 100% compacted.

Transferring the soil

 Compacting the soil

Concreting of Pavement

The thickness of the pavement used is 340 mm. Before pouring, formworks
are necessary. The Materials Engr. should check the design mix based on the DPWH
Standards. Slump Test is also done to test for strength of concrete. The total time it
should take for the concrete mix is 90 minutes from the plant to the field because
exceeding that could result in overmix. Furthermore, water the concrete mix for 40
minutes only because beyond that is also overmix. The elevation of the transit mixer
should be at least at most 1.5 meters to prevent aggregates from falling before the
concrete does.

Pouring of concrete is done during evening to avoid heavy traffic for

transportation of concrete mixer. Tamping allow coarse aggregate to settle below the
concrete surface and consolidate the concrete, thus preventing honeycombs. After
pouring, for every 4.5 meters, construction joints are cut for moisture content. Cut 50
mm or thickness divided by 4 which in this case, the thickness is 340 mm.
 Dowels seen from a construction joint

After cutting weak joints, apply or lay asphalt sealant to prevent cracking and
thermal expansion. The steel reinforcement used in construction joints are dowels
which should be 35 mm diameter plain round bars. Brooming is done with 10 mm
spacing before the concrete hardens. A slope of 2% should be provided for water to
flow and prevent ponding.

Curing is then done for a period of three days to maintain moisture for the
development of the strength of concrete. The concrete is designed to achieve a
maximum strength after three days so that the road will be ready for use again by
passing vehicles.
J. PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Project Quality Management

involves the entire necessary task to ensure the quality of all works done
at the site. Project Quality Management is all of the processes and activities
needed to determine and achieve project quality. It is the process for ensuring
that all project activities necessary to design, plan and implement a project are
effective and efficient with respect to the purpose of the objective and its
performance. The main principle of project quality management is to ensure the
project will meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations. The project
team must develop a good relationship with key stakeholders, especially the
donor and the beneficiaries of the project, to understand what quality means to
them. One of the causes for poor project evaluations is the project focuses only
in meeting the written requirements for the main outputs and ignores other
stakeholder needs and expectations for the project.

Construction Quality Management

is quality control on the job site. It’s what assures that all parts of the
project will be up to code and safe for users. Typically, internal and external
inspectors will conduct tests. They’ll test for things like soil compaction,
concrete strength, welding, and more. Usually, these tests are performed during
and after work, unless it’s for specific building materials. To ensure the right
materials are used building materials should be checked before the execution of
work. Inspectors test the final project at the end of construction, this final test
determines whether or not the project is up to code and can be costly if it isn’t.

Project quality plan

Part of defining quality involves developing a quality plan and a quality

checklist that will be used during the project implementation phase. This
checklist will ensure the project team are delivering the project outputs
 according to the quality requirements. A document called 'project quality plan'
is developed by the project team. This plan acts as the quality bible for the
project and all the stakeholders of the project should adhere to the project quality
plan. This describes how the management is responsible for achieving the
project quality. Since management is the controlling and monitoring function
for the project, project quality is mainly a management responsibility.

Project quality management approach

Project management consists of four main processes:

Fig. These are the four main processes of project quality management approach:

a. Quality Definition

The first step on the quality management is to define quality, the project
manager and the team must identify what quality standards will be used in the
project, it will look at what the donor, beneficiaries, the organization and other
key stakeholders to come up with a good definition of quality. In some
instances, the organization or the area of specialization of the project may have
 some standard definitions of quality that can be used by the project. Identifying
quality standards is a key component of quality definition that will help identify
the key characteristics that will govern project activities and ensure the
beneficiaries and donor will accept the project outcomes.

b. Quality Assurance

Assurance is the activity of providing evidence to create confidence

among all stakeholders that the quality-related activities are being performed
effectively; and that all planned actions are being done to provide adequate
confidence that a product or service will satisfy the stated requirements for
quality. Quality Assurance is a process to provide confirmation based on
evidence to ensure to the donor, beneficiaries, organization management and
other stakeholders that product meet needs, expectations, and other
requirements. It assures the existence and effectiveness of process and
procedures tools, and safeguards are in place to make sure that the expected
levels of quality will be reached to produce quality outputs. Quality assurance
occurs during the implementation phase of the project and includes the
evaluation of the overall performance of the project on a regular basis to provide
confidence that the project will satisfy the quality standards defined by the
project.

c. Quality Control

Quality control is the use of techniques and activities that compare

actual quality performance with goals and define appropriate action in response
to a shortfall. It is the process that monitors specific project results to determine
if they comply with relevant standards and identifies different approaches to
eliminate the causes for the unsatisfactory performance. The goal of quality
control is to improve quality and involves monitoring the project outputs to
determine if they meet the quality standards or definitions based on the project
 stakeholder’s expectations. Quality control also includes how the project
performs in its efforts to manage scope, budget and schedule.

Fig. The Difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control (planradar.com)

d. Quality Improvement

Quality improvement is a systematic, formal approach to the analysis of

practice performance and efforts to improve performance. Quality improvement
refers to the application of methods and tools to close the gap between current
and expected levels of quality by understanding and addressing system
deficiencies and strengths to improve, or in some cases, redesign project
processes.
K. TIME AND RESOURCE SCHEDULES AS WELL AS
TIME AND COST CONTROL
PERT/CPM TIME SCALED NETWORK DIAGRAM WITH S-CURVE
L. MEASURING WORK ACCOMPLISHMENTS,
REPORTING WORK PROGRESS, AND PREPARING
PROGRESS BILLINGS
M. VARIATION ORDERS AND TIME EXTENSIONS
N. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Rerouting of vehicles
The main problem onsite is not the construction methodology but rerouting of
vehicles. Being a main road, the density of vehicles is high and the engineers have to
think where they can pass to. This includes of closing of roads. This particular problem
made the project took longer than it should because they can only work on a particular
kilometer rather than finish it as a whole. Roads have to be closed and if done in a
straight line, the vehicles would have no roads to traverse. What we have learned from
this experience is that prior to designing a certain structure, we must be aware, and we
must consider the obstructions and other structures built around it in our designs.

Electrical posts
Another problem encountered on site are the electrical posts. Most electrical posts
are above ground and will be hit by the road widening. The solution presented is to
transfer the wirings underground.
 Utility Pipe
While we were walking at the site, we noticed that there were used PVC pipes
from the Maynilad. We asked the site engineer as to why there are unconnected
PVC pipes at the side of the road then he told us that those were unseen pipes on
the site plan before construction and those pipes broke.

Maynilad Pipe
O. PHYSICAL ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE PROJECT
PRIOR TO SUBMISSION OF FINAL REPORT

The total length completed for Phase 1 is 1340 m while for Phase 2, 1700 m.
For underground works, 1100 m have been completed with 900 m total of PCCP
installed. The project as of January 2020 is 50% completed.

Along Lawton Ave.

Ongoing excavation for Drainage

Ongoing excavation for Duct Bank

Installation of column for wires

Laying of RCPC with Plaster

Creating formworks for manhole

For Island preparation

Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert

Duct Bank
Man Hole

RCBC
Finished Road

Documentations