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Design and Simulation Microstrip patch Antenna using CST Microwave
Studio
Presentation · March 2019
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12633.57441
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Aymen Dheyaa Khaleel
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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1. Introduction on microstrip patch antenna (MPA)
2. Design MPA theoretically
3. Introduction on CST MICROWAVE STUDIO
4. Simulation MPA using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO
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◼ In general Microstrip patch antennas are also known as
“PRINTED ANTENNAS ”.
◼ Operates on microwave frequencies ( f > 1GHz).
◼ Invented by Bob Munson in 1972.
◼ Became popular starting in the 1970s
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Basically, the Microstrip Patch Antenna
consists of :
Dielectric substrate
Antenna Patch
◼ Metal “Patch”.
◼ Dielectric Substrate.
◼ Ground Plane.
Ground plane
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◼ The patch can take different shapes , such as rectangular,
circular, triangular, or U-shaped , E-shaped, etc.
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Advantages of Microstrip Antennas:
◼ Easy to fabricate.
◼ Low cost , Less size.
◼ Can be integrated with microwave circuits.
◼ Easy to feed (coaxial cable, microstrip line, etc.) .
◼ Easy to use in an array.
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Disadvantages of Microstrip Antennas
◼ Low gain.
◼ Low efficiency.
◼ Narrow bandwidth.
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Applications
◼ in mobile satellite communication system.
◼ Wireless LAN’S.
◼ GPS system.
◼ Missiles ……. etc.
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Feedings
Microstrip patch antenna feeds with different mechanism
feedings, the four most popular are :-
◼ Coaxial Cable
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◼ Microstrip Line
inset-fed
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quarter-wavelength feed
◼ Aperture coupled (slot) Feed
◼ Proximity coupled Feed
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To design a Rectangular patch antenna.
There are four essential parameters which are important to know:-
◼ The operating frequency (f˳).
◼ Dielectric constant of substrate (εr).
◼ The height of the dielectric substrate (h).
◼ The height of the conductor (t).
The other parameters:
◼ The width of the patch (W)
◼ The length of the patch (L)
◼ The width and length of the Ground14plane and the substrate (Wg)(Lg).
There are a a lot of methods for analysis microstrip patch antenna:
◼ The Transmission Line model.
◼ The Cavity model.
◼ Method of Moments (MoM).
The Transmission Line model is the easiest of all
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The Transmission Line equations
◼ To Find Width (W)
◼ To find the effective dielectric constant
◼ To find the effective length
◼ To find the fringing length (∆L)
◼ To find the actual length L and the width and length of the Ground
𝐿𝑔 = 2 ∗ 𝐿 16 𝑊𝑔 = 2 ∗ 𝑊
To design the microstrip feed line (inset-fed)
◼ The input impedance is usually 50 Ω.
◼ The width of Microstrip feed line (Wf).
◼ The length of inset (Fi)
◼ the gap between the patch and the inset-fed (Gpf) usualy 1 mm.
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Example:-
To design a microstrip patch antenna with
the microstrip feed line (inset-fed) for
WiFi 2.4 GHz.
◼ The operating frequency (f˳) = 2.4 GHz.
FR4 material have:-
◼ Dielectric constant of substrate (εr) = 4.3.
◼ The height of the dielectric substrate (h) = 1.6 mm.
◼ The height of the conductor (t) = 0.035 mm.
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To calculate
the W, L of the patch by using the equations:-
𝐿𝑔 = 2 ∗ 𝐿
𝑊𝑔 = 2 ∗ 𝑊
◼ C = 299792458 or 3* 10^8 m/se
◼ f˳ = 2.4 GHz or 2.4*10^9 Hz
◼ FR4 ► εr = 4.3, h=1.6 mm, t= 0.035
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mm
◼ W≈ 38 mm, L≈ 29 mm , Fi≈8.85 mm
To calculate
The feed line width Wf
Or using transmission line software
or CST
◼ Wf≈3.137 mm
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The Parameters
Parameters mm
W 38
L 29
Fi 8.85
Wf 3.137
Gpf 1
Lg 2*L
Wg 2*W
ht 0.035
hs 1.6
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[Link]
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[Link]
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CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is a specialized tool for the fast and accurate 3D EM simulation of high
frequency problems. Along with a broad application range, it offers considerable product-to-market
advantages: shorter development cycles; virtual prototyping before physical trials; optimization
instead of experimentation.
CST EM STUDIO® is an easy-to-use tool for the analysis and design of static and low frequency
structures. Applications include: actuators, brakes, EMC, generators, measurement, motors,
sensors and shielding.
CST PARTICLE STUDIO® is a specialized tool for the fast and accurate design and analysis of 3D
electron guns. This new software is based on the multi-purpose electromagnetic solvers of the CST
STUDIO family and incorporates their powerful modelling capabilities in addition to successful
algorithms of the MAFIA-TS simulators.
CST MPHYSICS STUDIO™ is a tool to analyze thermal and structural mechanics problems.
CST DESIGN STUDIO™ represents a universal platform to manage the entire design process of a
complex system beginning with a first layout and closing with the final solution. By constructing
elementary sub-systems, the user can analyze the behavior of the complete system in small
segments.
CST PCB STUDIO™ is a tool for the investigation of Signal and Power Integrity and the simulation of
EMC and EMI effects on Printed Circuit Boards (PCB).
CST CABLE STUDIO™ is a tool for the analysis of SI, EMC and EMI effects in cable systems including
single wires, twisted pairs as well as complex cable harnesses.
CST MICROSTRIPES™ is a powerful 3D electromagnetic simulation tool, used extensively for solving
challenging radiation problems including complex antenna structures, installed performance,
EMC/EMI/E3 issues. 25
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CST MICROWAVE STUDIO
1-Create project
2014
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2- Choose MW & RF & optical
3- Choose Antennas
◼ 0
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4- Select Planar (patch, Slot, etc.)
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5- Choose Time Domain
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6- Select the units
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7- Select the frequency range and monitors farfield at
resonant frequency or any frequency need to monitor
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8- Finish
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The Parameters
For design a microstrip patch antenna with the
microstrip feed line (inset-fed) work on 2.4 GHz for
WiFi.
Parameters mm
W 38
L 29
Fi 8.85
Wf 3.137
Gpf 1
Lg 2*L
Wg 2*W
ht 0.035
hs 1.6
The frequency range between 1.8 to 3
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◼ Modeling → shapes click create brick then press Esc from the keyboard
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◼ Create ground plane
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◼ Create the substrate
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◼ Create the patch
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◼ Create the empty space
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◼ Cut away the empty space
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◼ Create the empty space
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◼ Create the feed line
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◼ The patch and feed line into one object
Press to patch then add then feedline then press Enter
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◼ The antenna
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◼ The Port
◼ Press F from in the keyboard and click to
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◼ Then
◼ click Simulation → waveguide port
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◼ waveguide port
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◼ The antenna is ready to simulated
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◼ click Simulation → Setup Solver
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◼ start
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◼ The Result
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◼ The bandwidth = 54.9 MHz
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◼ Fairfield Radiation pattern
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◼ C. A. Balanis. 1997. Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design. John Wiley and Sons, New
York.
◼ Garg, Ramesh. 2001 “Microstrip antenna design handbook”, Artech House
◼ Ramesh, M and Yip KB, "Design Formula for Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna", Journal
of Microwave and Optoelectronics, Vol.3, No.3, December 2003.
◼ G. Devakirubai D et al., “Design and comparative study of pin feed and line feed microstrip
patch antenna for x-band applications,” International Journal of Applied Information
Systems, vol. 1, pp. 21–25, 2012.
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◼ Design and simulate a antenna for 5G (Sub – 6GHz
frequency band) applications..
◼ Write a report detailing your work.
◼ Last date 12/04/2019.
upload the CST file and the report file
[Link]
and
aymendheyaa@[Link]
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