Topic :
➢Introduction
➢Access Methods Presentation By :
➢Physical Layer Sreerang R
3rd Sem, CSE
FAST ETHERNET
(100MBPS)
– In 1990’s , some LAN technologies with transmission rates
higher than 10Mbps, such as FDDI and Fiber Channel
appeared on the market.
– If the Standard Ethernet wanted to survive, it had to
compete with these technologies.
– Ethernet made a big jump by increasing the transmission
rate to 100Mbps.
– This new generation was called the Fast Ethernet.
Goals of Fast Ethernet
Make it compatible
Upgrade the data
with Standard
rate to 100Mbps.
Ethernet.
Keep the same 48-bit Keep the same frame
address. format.
Access Method
➢ First Solution :
– Totally drop the bus topology, use a passive hub and star topology.
– Make the maximum size of the network 250m instead of 2500m as in the Standard
Ethernet .
– This method is kept for the compatibility of with the Standard Ethernet.
➢ Second Solution :
– Use a link layer switch with a buffer to store frames and a full-duplex connection to each
host to make the transmission private for each host.
– There is no need of CSMA/CD because hosts are not competing each other.
– Since the connection is full-duplex, the destination address can even send a frame to
another station at the same time.
Autonegotiation
➢ A new feature was added to fast Ethernet called Autonegotiation.
Goals :
➢ To allow the incompatible devices to connect to one another.
➢ For example, a device with a maximum capacity of 10Mbps can communicate with a
device with a 100Mbps capacity.
➢ To allow one device to have multiple capabilities.
➢ To allow a station to check a hub’s capabilities.
Physical Layer
– To be able to handle a 100Mbps data rate, several changes need to be made at the
physical layer.
– Topology :
– Fast Ethernet is designed to connect two or more devices.
– If there are only two stations they can be connected point-to-point.
– Three or more stations can be connected in a star topology with a hub or a switch at
the center.
– Encoding :
– Manchestor encoding needs a 200Mbaud bandwidth for a data rate of 100Mbps,
which makes it unsuitable for a medium such as twisted pair cable.
– Ethernet designers sought out some alternative encoding/decoding scheme.
– It was found that one scheme would not perform equally well for three
implementations. So three encoding schemes were chosen.
Topology :
100 Base -TX:
• Uses two pairs of twisted pair cable ( category 5 UTP or STP).
• MLT-3 encoding scheme was selected since it has good bandwidth performance.
• Since MLT-3 is not a self synchronous line coding scheme, 4B/5B block coding is
used to provide bit synchronization which prevents occurrence of a long sequence
of 0s and 1s.
• This creates a data rate of 125Mbps which is fed for encoding.
100 Base – FX:
• Uses two pairs of fiber optic cables. It can be easily handled for high bandwidth
requirements.
• NRZ-I coding scheme was selected for this implementation.
• NRZ-I has a bit synchronization problem for long sequences of 0s and 1s .To
overcome this problem 4B/5B block encoding is used.
• The block encoding increases bit rate from 100 to 125Mbps.
100 Base -T4:
• A 100 Base – TX can provide a data rate of 100Mbps but uses category 5 UTP or STP
cable. This is not cost efficient for buildings that are wired with voice grade twisted
pair cable (category 3).
• A new standard was designed to use category 3 or higher UTP.
• This implementation uses four pairs of UTP for transmitting 100Mbps.
• Each pair cannot handle more than 25Mbaud since it uses 3UTP.
• In this design, one pair switches between sending and receiving.
• Three pairs can handle 75Mbaud.
• 8B/6T encoder is used which converts 100Mbps to a 75Mbaud signal.[(6/8)x100].
Summary:
