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Understanding Random vs Non-Random Sampling

A random sample is where every item in the population has an equal chance of being selected, and random sampling can be used for both statistical and non-statistical purposes. A non-random sample is also called a judgmental sample, where the researcher selects specific items non-randomly, and it is used for non-statistical sampling. There are risks when using a non-random sample, as it can contain biases from the selection process.

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148 views1 page

Understanding Random vs Non-Random Sampling

A random sample is where every item in the population has an equal chance of being selected, and random sampling can be used for both statistical and non-statistical purposes. A non-random sample is also called a judgmental sample, where the researcher selects specific items non-randomly, and it is used for non-statistical sampling. There are risks when using a non-random sample, as it can contain biases from the selection process.

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Bethelhem
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Random and Non Random Sample

Random Sample
 A random sample is a set of sampling units chosen so that each population item has an equal
likelihood of being selected in the sample.
 A random sample can also be used in “non statistical sampling” design
 Random sampling should not be equated to statistical sampling. It is simply a method of
selecting items to be included in the sample.
 Random selection is a part of statistical sampling, but not limited to statistical sampling
design. It can be used even without drawing statistical conclusions (with non-statistical
sampling method). However, it is inappropriate to draw a statistical conclusion if the sample
were not randomly selected.
 An estimate of a sample size can be made using statistical models. However, statistical
calculation of sample size is not mandatory for a method to be considered as statistical
sampling, any sample size can be used (some books states that it has to be greater than 30).
 The mandatory procedures are, (1) The sample must be random (2) Statistical computations
are needed to interpret the result/ to conclude about the result
Non Random Sample
 It is also known as judgmental sample selection method. -It is used with non statistical
sampling design
 Non-random sampling includes directed, block (or cluster) and haphazard sample selection
that will be discussed under non probability method of sample selection.

Risks with the use of Non Random Sample


 A non-random sample can contain biases;
 The auditor is naturally attracted to non-routine transactions and, therefore, might be biased in
choosing only unusual items.
 Even though a randomly selected sample may not be representative, at least the probability of
this happening (sampling risk) is measured and controlled.

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