Architecture of Database
Management System
By
Dr. Parteek Bhatia
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science &
Engineering
Thapar University
Patiala
Early Two Level Architecture
Early proposal for a standard terminology and
general architecture for database systems
was produced in 1971 by the DBTG (Data
Base Task Group)
Appointed by the Conference on Data
Systems and Languages (CODASYL, 1971).
Recommend two level approach.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Early Two Level Architecture
Contd..
Schema
Subschema
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
ANSI Three Level Architecture
External Level
Conceptual Level
Internal Level
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Three Level Architecture
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
External Level or View level
It is the users’ view of the database. This
level describes that part of the database that
is relevant to each user.
For example, one user may view dates in the
form (day, month, year), while another may
view dates as (year, month, day).
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Conceptual Level or Logical level
It is the community view of the database. This
level describes what data is stored in the
database and the relationships among the data.
It represents:
All entities, their attributes, and their
relationships;
The constraints on the data;
Security and integrity information.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Internal Level or Storage level
It is the physical representation of the
database on the computer. This level
describes how the data is stored in the
database.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Internal Level or Storage level
The internal level is concerned with:
Storage space allocation for data and
indexes;
Record descriptions for storage;
Record placement;
Data compression and data encryption
techniques.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Schema
The overall description of the database is
called the Database Schema.
A schema is defined as an outline or a plan
that describes the records and relationships
existing at the particular level.
The schema is sometimes called the
intension of the database, while an instance
is called an extension (or state) of the
database.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Example
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Mapping between Views
External/Conceptual Mapping
A mapping between the external and
conceptual views gives the correspondence
among the records and the relationships of
the external and conceptual views.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Conceptual/Internal Mapping
Conceptual schema is related to the internal
schema by the conceptual/internal mapping.
This enables the DBMS to find the actual
record or combination of records in physical
storage that constitute a logical record in
conceptual schema.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Data Independence-Achievement
of Layered Architecture of DBMS
Two kinds of data independence:
Logical data independence
Physical data independence
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Logical data independence
Logical data independence indicates that the
conceptual schema can be changed without
affecting the existing external schemas.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Physical data independence
Physical data independence indicates that
the physical storage structures or devices
could be changed without affecting
conceptual schema.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Procedure for Database Access
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Metadata or Data Dictionary
A metadata (also called the data
dictionary) is the data about the data.
Data dictionary may be either active or
passive. An active data dictionary (also
called integrated data dictionary) is
managed automatically by the database
management software.
The passive data dictionary (also called
non-integrated data dictionary) is the one
used only for documentation purposes.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Components of a DBMS
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
References
Simplified Approach to DBMS
By
Parteek Bhatia, Kalyani Publisher
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
