EVT524

EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

LAB REPORT
EXPERIMENT 2

TITLE:
EFFECT OF INLET VELOCITY

GROUP MEMBERS:
NAME MATRIC NO CLASS

MOHD EZZAT FIRDAUS 2019695254 AS2292C

BIN SUAD
NUR IZZ IZZUDDIN BIN 2019814436 AS2292C
ABDUL RAHMAN
VERANSLY ANAK 2019495494 AS2292C
WILLIAM TAMBI
NUR AQILAH BT ABDUL 2019619378 AS2292C
KARIM
ZAIFUL SYAFIQA ERMA 2019689532 AS2292C
BT RAZALI

LECTURER’S NAME:
SIR RUSDIN LAIMAN
OBJECTIVE:
To study the effect of inlet velocity upon collection efficiency

INTRODUCTION:
This experiment carried out to study the effect of inlet velocity upon collection efficiency. A
big cyclone, C2 was used in this experiment. In terms of valve configuration, only V2, V10 and
V13 valves were fully opened while valves V1, V3, V4, V5, V6 and V7 were fully closed. The
initial and final weight of the sample in the feed container (F2) was recorded to be used in order
to find the collection efficiency. Collection efficiency is expressed in percentage. According to
Azadi (2011), cyclone collection efficiency is derived in terms of cyclone pressure drop. Azadi
(2011) also states that increasing the inlet velocity more than a specific value does not
necessarily lead to higher separation efficiency of finer particles, but also causes higher
pressure drop. At the end of this experiment, collection efficiency will be obtained based on the
data tabulated in the results table. Different inlet air velocity was applied into this experiment.
This experiment started with inlet air velocity at 10m/s then the experiment repeated with inlet
air velocity 6 m/s. The higher the velocity of the inlet air, the smaller the size of the pressure
droplet when it reached 100% of the collection efficiency.

PROCEDURE:

Experiment for big cyclone, C2 operation was prepared. The empty feed container, F2
and dust hopper, H2 was weighed separately. 50g of sample was weighed and then poured
slowly in the feed container, F2. The air compressor was connected to the feed container with
the tubing provided and ensure the valve, V6 was closed. The feed container was attached to
the holder and approximately 0.5 - 1.0 cm gap was left between feed containers, F2 so that the
outlet of feed container is just outside the inlet piping of cyclone. The outlet dust filter was
cleaned and make sure all items and connection assembled and tightened properly before
starting the experiment. The valves was set as mentioned in the Table 3 based on the specific
cyclone. The main switch and the air blower was turned on.

The air blower speed was adjusted to achieve inlet air velocity, V c2 at 10m/s. (Refer to
Table 1 in Appendix C) and the DPI 02 value was adjusted as shown in the table. The air
compressor was switched on and the pressure regulator was regulated to 1 Bar. Valve,V6 was
opened slowly until boiling phenomena is observed. Next, readings for pressure drop across
cyclone and air flow rate was collected. The experiment was run until the powder is completely
finish. The feed was lightly tap when the powder is stuck. The air compressor and the air blower
was switched off after the experiment is completed. The dust sample that left inside the cyclone
was cleaned off into dust hopper (if there any) gently by using compressed air (done carefully to
avoid losses. The feed contained, F2 and dust hopper, H2 was unattached and was weighed
separately. The collection efficiency of the cyclone was determine by key in the weight of
sample loaded and collected. The experiment was repeated with the inlet air velocity 6 m/s.

Table 3 : Valve Configuration for Experiment 2

Open Close
Big cyclone, C2 V2, V10 and V13 fully V1,V3,V4,V5 and V7 fully
open closed, V6

RESULTS & DATA:

Sample (g) 10.0 6.0

Air flow rate, Q (m3/h) 102.25 61.31

Inlet velocity, vcl (m/s) 10.0 6.0

Pressure drop (inch H2O) 0.20 0.15

Initial weight of sample in feeder container, WCI 50 50

(g)
Final weight of sample in feed container, WCF (g) 0 0
Weight of sample collected in dust container, WH 49.1 46.0
(g)
Collection efficiency, π (%) 98.2 92.0

Where,
WH
Collection efficiency , π=
(W CI−W CF )
 SAMPLE (10 g) SAMPLE (6 g)

WH WH
Collection efficiency , π= Collection efficiency , π=
(W CI−W CF ) (W CI−W CF )

49.1 46.0
Collection efficiency , π= Collection efficiency , π=
(50−0) (50−0)

Collection efficiency , π=98.2 % Collection efficiency , π=92.0 %

DISCUSSION:
Based on the experiment that was conducted, the value of collection efficiency was
determine using big cyclone, C2. The test was run two times with different inlet velocity,Vci
(m/s) which were 10 m/s and 6.0 m/s for first and second test respectively. Next, after the
process complete the weight sample collected in dust container was measured which for the
first and second were 49.1 and 46.0 respectively. The cyclone pressure drop value decrease as
inlet velocity decrease. Energy loss in cyclones is commonly expressed as a number of gas inlet
velocity heads, AH. For any cyclone design, AH should be constant for all inlet (Dirgo & Leith,
1985, pp. 120-126).

The reduction in pressure around the cyclone is directly linked to the fan power required
to work a cyclonic disinfectant. It is therefore necessary to calculate the pressure drop
associated with each inlet velocity, such that an estimation of operational costs can be produced
at each inlet velocity. The value said that as the inlet velocity increase the collection efficiency
also increase. It can be deduced that as speed was increased the inlet velocity increased with
attendant increase in particle collection. Relationships between inlet and exit pressure and
collection efficiency and it was observed that they followed a similar trend to that obtained for
inlet velocity. This can be said to show that pressure is dependent on the velocity in a high
efficiency cyclone ("Correlation between Entry Velocity, Pressure Drop and Collection Efficiency
in a Designed Stairmands Cyclone.", pp. 401-415).

Collection efficiency, as a function of inlet velocity, is expressed with a new relation in

terms of cyclone pressure drop. Effect of inlet velocity for different cyclone geometries and
cyclone wall surface roughness is investigated. A trade-off between higher collection efficiency
and lower pressure drop is made. Increasing the inlet velocity more than a specific value does
not necessarily lead to higher separation efficiency of finer particles, but also causes higher
pressure drop in cyclones. Comparison of the calculated results with experimental findings
confirmed the applicability of the model.

Cyclone is one of the most widely used dust separators in many sectors owing to its
advantages of simple processing flexibility, low running cost and excellent adaptability to
exceptionally harsh environments. The machine plays a significant part in the reduction of
industrial dust pollution .However, cyclone separators are easy to create, quickly to run, low
maintenance and cost-saving.

The precaution step that has been taken in this experiment were the feed container was
attached to the holder and leave approximately 0.5 – 1.0 cm gap between feed container. Next,
the dust filter was cleaned after the test complete to ensure precision in the reading. Last but
not least, all the valve was set as stated in the lab manual to ensure the test work properly.

CONCLUSION:
In the conclusion, we can concluded that increasing of inlet velocity will lower the
collection of an efficiency because they increased the turbulence and saltation of the particles
inside the cyclone.

REFERENCES:

1. Azadi, Mohsen and Azadi, Mehdi. (2011, June 28). “An analytical study of the effect of inlet
velocity on the cyclone performance using mathematical models”. ScienceDirect. Retrieved
form [Link]
2. Correlation Between Entry Velocity, Pressure Drop And Collection Efficiency In A Designed
Stairmands Cyclone. (n.d.). American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 03(06),
120–126.
3. John Dirgo & David Leith (1985) Cyclone Collection Efficiency: Comparison of Experimental
Results with Theoretical Predictions, Aerosol Science and Technology, 4:4, 401-415, DOI:
10.1080/02786828508959066