SCALARS & VECTORS All those physical quantities which can be explained only by a number with suitable units for their ‘complete description are known as scalar quantities. For example length, mass, time, etc. which obey the algebraic law of addition. [All those physical quantities which need direction too, besides the numerical value and units are known ‘as vector quantities. For example, displacement, velocity, force, etc. which obey law of addition of vectors. Penne es ‘A vector quantity is represented by a straight line with an arrow at one of the ends. The length of the line is proportional to the magnitude of the vector quantity and arrow gives the direction. For. example, if 1 cm length is equal to 20 km/hr, then vector AB represents 60 km/hr due east. “The point A is called initial point or tall and point B is called terminal point or head, Equal vectors Two vectors are said to be equal if they are equal in magnitude and parallel in direction. Negative of a vector _ It two vectors are equal in magnitude and opposite (anti parallel) in 3 direction, then one is said to be the negative of the other. Unit vector ‘Avector having magritude equal to unity. To find the unit vector in the direction of & , we divide the given vector by its magnitude. . Forexample, 4= 4/3), or =|ala or & Unit vector is basically used to indicate the direction. Null Vector or Zero Vector ‘Avector having zero magnitude and indeterminate direction is called Zero or Null Vector. ‘Concept of zero vector is helpful in substraction o two equal magnitude vectors in opposite direction and vector product of two parallel vectors. a , where | oF a is the magnitude of the vector ‘The concept of null vector is hypothetical but we introduce it only to explain some mathematical results. Invariancy of the vector ‘Any vector Is invariant so it can be taken anywhere in the space keeping its magnitude and direction ‘same. In other words, the vector remains invariant under translation PEST AS= ____ —ia Addition and subtraction of v Geometrical method Addition: 7 A. <0 ae z 7? To tind 4 +6, shilt 6 such that Its initial point coincides with the terminal point of &. Now, the vector ‘whose Initial point colncides with the initial polnt of, and terminal point coincides with the terminal point of 6 represents (4 +6) as shown in tho above figure, To find (b+4), 4 such that its initial point coincides with the terminal point of B. A vector whose initial point coincides with the initial point of and terminal point coincides vith the terminal point of a represents (5 +a). Mustration 4: 1 the position vector of point A and B are a and B respectively. Find the position vector of middle point of AB. OA +06 =0C Subtraction: ‘Vector subtraction Is similar to vector addition EatGiessen en 1, Vector addition is commutative x le. &+b=b+a we 2. Vector addition is associative 2 le. +6+2)= G+5)+é a n of +5 Magnitude and dir Let angle between a and 6 be 0 Inthe figueOA=a, AB-B, From SADB AD = bcos 6 8D = bsin0 In ight angles sODB OD=a+beos0 BO =bsino 08 = (OD? +80? => 18+b |= Va? +b? +2abcoso 1a+Bl=3+b wheno=0° 1a+B hy la—b] when 0 = 180° if +B isinclined at an angle a witha, then bsino tana = —Psind_ a+booso Mustration 2: If the sum of two unit vectors A and B is also equal to a unit vector, find the magnitude: Solution: Hence the angle between A and 6 is 120" AP + LSf + 2|A|-Blooseor ato142010)(2) = PS= V3Imustrmion 3: Tw lorces oh OOM anes HOM acting at an angle of 6 wits each cA, pull an object What Snape pst wens ropince th ven Voces? Solution: Twa lroes ae deavm trom a.camrenon orig Or mating an angie ht Oh ad OC reptosert. tha forces OM a0 tL tecpactrely. Tho cagoral OB reptonerts th eouitart Ro 60 + O07 + 200 BO cn Oo R124. Angie $s given, tang Vitich gives, $= 24.7 SOLVED PROBLEMS Ea Problem 1: Find the angle between the vectors oven in the following figures. o ® ee : = e a o on this the angle between their Stecsions when joined rom tal total Angles between the vectors § and 5 in each of figure ()) and (i) 1.6 whereas the angle between g and 8 in igure (8) and (nv) is eG as shown in the recrawn figures Figure (i) can be redrawn as: ey Figure (ii) can be redrawn as: e PE a TarTe Problem 2: Solution: Figure (iv) can bo redrawn as: Facts due east and Facts 60° north of east. Both have equal magnitude of 20 N each ‘What is the magnitude and direction of F, +f ? Angle botwoon F, and F, = = 60° IF, 1=1F,|=20N IF) + Fyl= FP +FF +2 Fcos0 (20? + 20? + 2207 cos 60" e = 20/5 N 7 Ithe angle between F, + F and the east direction be a, then sino 20sin60* F,+F,cos0 20+ 20c0s60" tana= = -Letan30° B Thus, a = 30°, The resultant vector is 30° north of east. Note: You may have noticed that when Fy = F2, a = 0/2. Thus, the resultant of two vectors having equal magnitude bisects the angle between them. You can prove this geometrically as well FOBIECTIVE Problem 1: Solution: Problem Solution: ‘Two vectors A and lie in a plane, another vector C do not lie in this plane, then the resultant of these three vectors ie., A+8+C (A) can be zero (B) can not be zero (C) lies in the plane containing A+. (0) iesin the plane containing A-8 8) M A+6+6=0, it will form a triangle and triangle Is a planar figure. 50 coplanar forces each equal to 100 N act on a body. Each force makes angle 7/25 with the preceding force, What is the resultant of the forces? (A) 000 N (®)05N (C)zero (0) 4nN © 60%, = 2x, go the hend of ast vector wil colnsie wih the tll frst vectorSTS eee Problem 3: The resultant of A and 8 makes an angle a with A and with &, Aa

B (O)aA>B ess 1. Ist possible to add any two vectors? 2, Can we add speed with velosty? 3. How will you convert magnitude of a vector quantity into a vector? 4. Add the three vectors in following figures (a) z ‘and (b) z 5 5 @ OO) cS) 5. ABCD is aparallologram, Show that ° c — LF a ‘ 6 The maximum and minimum magnitudes of the resultant of two forces are 16 N and 4 N. Calculate the magnitude of individual forces. : 7. Two vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 unit respectively, What should be the angle between them ifthe magnitude of the resultant is (a) 1 unit, (b) 5 unit and (c) 7 unit 8. Which ofthe following representation is incorrect for vector equation = +@7 (a) ie. ©) a qs © ) SeS & VECTORS| CE 9. Which of the sets given below may represent the magnitudes of three vectors adding to zero? (2.4.8 (8) 4,8, 16 (1.24 (0)05, 1,2 10. Give + +R +S =0, which of the following statement Is incorrect, (A) P,Q, Rand § must each be a null vector. (8) The magnitude of (P+) equals the magritude of (+8) (C) The magnitude of P can never be greater than the sum of the magnitudes of G, R ands. (0) Q+R must lie in the plane of P andS, it P and § are not collinear and in the line of F and&, if they are collinear Gennes ene my To find the component of a vector along any line draw perpendiculars to the line from the two ends of the vector, the segment cut on the line is the component of the vector along that line. Thus, the component of vector is Its projection on the line along which the component has to be found. I the vector makes an acute angle with a direction then its component in that dire makes an obtuse angle, then its component is negative. 1 Is positive and it it Rectangular components of a vector Suppose a vector say ABlios in xy plane and it is making angles «t and fi with the x-axis and y-axis, respectively, as shown in the figure. tn the figure () AP and AQ are the components of the vector AB along x-axis and y-axis respectively. In the figure (i) ED and GH are the components of the vector AB along x-axls and y-axis respectively o In both figures length of the x- and y-components are AB cos u and AB cos fi, respectively. ‘ABican also be written as. where (AB), and (AB), are the components of the vactor along x-axis and y-axis respectively, and | and {ara the unit vectors along these two axes, respectively Here, (AB), = AB cos a (AB), = AB cos f Bsus (i= 90" = fix 90-4 Hence, (AB), also equal 10 AB sin a Now, | AB= AB cos ai + AB sin « j or FB = (AB) 1 + (AB)y J wit aTa = eae iso AB AOE Hore, we ints TK as the unit vector along tho x,y, 2x09, rospoctvely Iivector A has actangulat componant Ax Ay and Az lang the x, and z-aKes aapoctaly, then A can be represented by Aw A,1+A,1+A,k and [Al = Ar +Ay +A Direction of A with respect 10 x, y and z axls are given by direction cosines cos «1, cos ft and cos respectively cospatt cosy A Al Wi costa + cos'p + costy= 1 Iustration 4: & totce of 30 Nis acting at an angle of 60? withthe y-axis. Determine the components of the forces along x and y-axos. Solution: F sin6o° 2 30x 8 = 155 Fy=Fcos60°=30x4 = 15N a 2 x Wt 3ie4] andé=7is24), tind tho vector having the same magnitude as 6 and parallel to Magnitude of &=|s|= VIFF = 5 And magnitue of b= [|= V7 Fa =25 ‘Now a unit vector paratel to a= & = 214) “The vector having he same magnitude as 6 and parallel 0 & fla=25 a = 151+ 20) Addition of vectors by analytical method {Wee the vectors in the form of thee components 2 Add similar components algebraically with proper sign, 3. Alter addition (wih proper sign) thay bacome the components of the resultant vector. sbi 845 (, +b,)1+(@, +0.) a, +b, [Bebe flo, rb, (ay #By)F and tan a = Yr ary a Paoa Pan mustration 3: Find the net Ssplacement of a panicle from its starting point if it undergoes three successive cisplacements given S,= 20 m, 45° West of North, S;= 15m, 30° Nosh of East, §,= 20m, due South 2 | ’ Scuion: Uns etou ela sytem sich ht an lang West-Eas and yas lang Sout ( Problem 1: Find the components of the vectors shown in the folowing figures along x-and y-axes. The magnitude of each of 4.6 € and ¢ is 10 unts. J. 2coe 0 = aces 0° = 1058 25. units Solution: () x-component ot. y-component of, 3, =a sin 30° = 10% = Suns. (i) weomponert ofS, by = b cos (90° + 90") = —b sin 30° =— 10 % =~ S units component i. = sin(oe? +207) =b eos 30" = 10+ Sa cos 60" #10. 15 = Suns ~10~ S255 unis 3 unis. (Hi) x-component of , c= € €05{180" + 60") = component of. ¢,= €sin( 180° + 60") = -10 sin 60 (0) component of, d= d cos(360" — 45%) = 10.608 45°= 10x; = 5.3 units component afd, dy d sin(260"-45t) = 10 sin 45% » 10x Fm -8VZ units(ESTE Problem 2: Whats the magnitude and direction ofthe resultant of four coplanar forcesF;, F, Fy and F, whose magnitudes and directions are as follows F, =20N due east F,= 40.N due west = 502 N due north east 20V2 N due south west. Solution: Let X-axis be along eastward and y-axis along northward Fi +P, cosasei +f, sings 201 - 401 +50! + 60j- 201-20] = 101+30) IR 102 +30? = 10/70 N ¥_30 tano= ¥= 30 x" 0 0 = tan" (3) North of East. 0 = tar" 3 = 71.6" north of east Problem 1: Which of the rectangular pair may be the components of a 13 N force? (A)5N,12N (©) 10N.11N (C)65N.65N (0) 9N,12N Solution: (A) Rectangular components will follow Re RoR 13 = 57412 Problem 2: Wa =3i+4j, find a unitvector inthe direction ofa let a deta (©) {sieal) let eah ie tC) Z0i+2) ©) 5@l-2) Solution: (8) 1 Ble - a N25 =5. 1 Thus & = (at +4) Tee CARS &Y Rec = to sp sie 1. Find the displacement of a partie H Its position vector changes from = 2i+3)+ i,41 +5] + 2%. Also find the displacement of the particle along X, Y and Z axes respectively. Alt Gaancas aren mete i 2. Aman moves 200 km towards North-East rection. Taking { and j 92 unit vecors along east ( tnd non dectons respectively, find tho displacement of the men along nonh and east directions 3. Aparicio moves though 3m due east, 4m due north and tnaly 5 m verically upward x,y and {z-axes are taken along East, Noh and Upward direction respectively, {(@) Represent the displacement vector In its rectangular components. (©) Find the magnitude of the resultant dsplacement, {(¢) Find the direction of the resultant displacement 4. W m= Am along N-E and i, = 2m due north find |, + 4) and |, ~ fl 5. Mtwovectors are Aai+j+% and B= -i-j-f, then find the angle between (A-B) and A 6 The maximum number of components into which a vector can be resolved is a2 @)3 (C) infinite (4 7. Choose the incorrect statements. The x-component of the resultant of several vectors {A)is equal to the sum of the x-components of the vectors. (6) may be smaller than the sum of the magnitudes of the vectors (C) may be greater than the sum of the magnitudes of the vectors. (©) may be equal to the sum of the magnitudes of the vectors. ee | (A) A+B+E (8) (A, +8, +C,)i (©) A,i4B, 166, & (0) none of the above 9. Vector B = 6] + 4V2) + 4V2k makes angle with z-axis is wie (2) wrastev oe (22) ae IPE 1. Multiplicati Let d ts multiplied by a scalar m. If is a positive quantity, only magnitude of the vector wil change by a factor of ‘m' and its direction will remain same. It m is a negative quantiy the direction of the vector will be reversed, bul magnitude of the vector remains same: n of vector by w scalar ESSEees 2. Multiplication of a vector by a vector {()) Dot product or scalar product (i) Cross product or vector product (i Dot product or scalar product ‘The dot product of two vectors 4 and 6 is defined as, 4-5 = abcoso where a and b are the magnitudes of the respective vectors and 0 is the angle between them. The final product is a scalar quantity. If two vectors are mutually perpendicular then 0 = 90° and cos 90° = 0, Hence, their dot product is zero. Some examples of dot product: Work = F-3 = Fscos0 Leti, j and i be the unit vectors along three mutually perpendicular axes named x, y and z, then L-j=0, 1-€=0,& }-R=0 andi-f=1, j-j=1, &&-R =1 ‘The dot product obeys commutative and distributive [aw ie. a-B and 4-(5+é)=4-b+a-é Hence, 8-5 =a,b, +2,b, +a,b, a,ieayj+a,k and B=b,i+byj+b,k Component of & along & = [ijcoso = o is Mustration 1: Two constant forces F,=(2i+3]+3k) Newton and F, =(5i-6]-2%) Newton act together on a particle during its displacement from the position (201 +15]) m to 8k m. Calculate the work done. It work done by a force F, for a displacement 7s given by w ar. Solution: Total work done W = BaF +f, a? = +8) -a7 ((2i +3] +3k) + (61-6]-2k)] {8k - (201 +15))) = (71-3) +k): (-20i - 95] + 8K) = (7)(-20) + (-3)(-#5) + (19(8) = -875 (i) Cross product or vector product “The cross product of two vectors A andi inclined to each other by an angle 0 is given by K x B = G.a vector. where © =| A|.|B| sind’, where A is the unit vector along a direction which is perpendicular to plane containing A &B. Its direction is given by the right hand thumb rule, or right hand screw rule. Whe vectors K and tie in the x-y plane then the product is perpendicular A xii to the plane i.e. is parallel to z-axis. ' The vector product is not commutalive Le. RxBi «Bx Rand Axi=-BxA In terms of onhogonal vectors 1x1= jx]=ixk=0ona SCALARS & VECTORS} (exi)=i W ReAG +AU eAk, B= B48) +B,K i Then, AxB = (Ai+A,1+A,8) x(8,i+8,)+8,6) = (AyBs—AsBy) + (AB, ~ A,Bz) 1+ (AsBy AB) In determinant form we have, i Then, Rule to find the direction of cross product 4 x 6 Draw 4 and B such that their tails coincide. Place a right handed screw perpendicular on the plane containing both 4 andb, and rotate the screw from 4 tob. The direction of movement of the screw gives the direction of xb. For 6x a, the screw is rotated from 6 towards Hence, 4xb=(absino)A ab If two vectors are parallel or antiparallel, then 0 is either 0° or 180°. Since sin O° and sin 180° both equals zero. Hence magnitude of their cross product is zero. “The vector product does not follow commutative law. axBebxa ax B =-(bxa) ‘Note: Division of a vector by a vector is not defined. Mlustration 2: Consider two vectors, F = (4i—10j) Newton and F 3])m compute (F xF) Solution: 4 -10 of Le, #xF =k(60+12) = 62k Nemso ED PROBLEMS Ea Problem 1: The force on a body F 100 N acting due North —N} and its displacement T is 1 m along 30° north of fast, What isF-7 7 e ° 7 30° = Solution: Here, angle between F and? , 0 = 90°~30° = 60° F.7 =Freos0= 100x1xcos60= 50Nm Problem 2: =31 +4] and 6 = 41+3), whats the angle between vectors & andé : . . 6 Solution: 8-5 = [a] 16 080, cos 0= = ' 3 lal= Giow? = J =5 | [Bl = Va ao? = V3 =5 A-b = 3x 4(1-i)+3x3(i-])+4x4(j-1)+4%3(]-j) = 1240+0+12= 24 unis. Problem 3: Find the cross product of 4 = 2i + 3] and 6 =3i ~2k Solution: xB ~6¢jxk) 49(-k)- 67 =-6i+4j-08 =6x0-4(-] Problem 4: 1 4 = 2i + 3)+4k and b = i - 2] + 3k, write xb in the determinant form and find the x, y and z components of (@ xb). Solution: — xbul2 1PRET Ciel = (9+ 8) 1+ (4-6)j+(-4-3)k = 171-2)-7% Hence, (a8), = 17 (xb), --2 (x6), =-7 Cara Problem 1: For any two vectors A and |A xB |, the magnitude of C= A+B is equatto (a) Va?+B* (8) A+B 1 ' (C)| A?+B?+ — (D) (A? +B? + V2» AB)'? ofrsore4] on seas i eee 4 ‘AB cost = AB sind = 0 = 45° Again given C=A+8. IG] = (A? + B + 2ABc0s45")'” = (A+B? + V2AB)"? Problem 2: The atea ol a parallelogram formed by the vectors A = i+2]+3k and B adjacent sides is (A) 893 units. (&) 64 units (C) 32 units. (0) VB units Solution: (A) ‘Area of a parallelogram i ie Axi-h 2 3) 24 i246) jo-1) +&(-2-6) = 8i+8)-8k [Axil = V3 units Problem 3: vectors A and & are perpendicular to each other then which of the tatowing statemens is vali? “= (8) Ax BaA8 (@ AxB-0 (A. Bao (0) A.B 1 Solution: (C) ALB. Then. A. B = [AljBjcos90" = 0A.B = jAiiBicos9o" = © Problem 4: What is the value of tnear velocity, = 31-4}+K and f= voloaiy ¥ = ax (ayeie 2]-3k (@) -18i-13)-28 (oal-ra}e6k (0) 6i-2j+8k Solution: (8) Ve tangontil velocity = xf Wa (31-4) +R) x (51-6) + GR) = -181- 13] 6 2K Problem 5: Tho unitvector perpendicular to/-2]+k and 3ie]-2i & Sis3j+7k Ves @ Solution: (8) Ax Bis avectr | tobotn Aand Now, A xB =(i-2)+K) < (31 siesjem Now,a =A*8 TAx81 _ aleshe7k x Bsr ves Problem 6: Wtwonon-paraiel vectors A and 6 are equal in magnitude, then the vectors (A 8) and (A +68) will bo {A) parallel to each other {(8) parallel but oppositely dirocted (C) perpendicular to each other (0) inclined at an angle t always less then 90° ‘Solution: e) JAl-[s]. Ae (68) (A-B) = AA-A-8 +B. A-8 » [A Bi80 Problam 7; \t none of the vectors A.B and G are ze andit Ast = Gand GLC =O then the value at Ax¢|is (A) unity ©) 200 () | (0) [Aljoose Solution: (8) [Al-0, flo, [ojeo PENNAo D> Ob u D> om ° ° = ANB Hence AG = 6 = null vector Problem 8: — Alotce F = (41-5) + 3)N is acting at a point having a position vector i =(7+2]+ 3k) Then, find the torque acting about a point having a position vector % = (31 - 2]- 3k) Torque of a force F about a point O is given by? «F . where 7 is position vector of paint of application of lorce with tespect tothe point. (A) 421 + 20}- 6% (@) 421 +20)+ 6% (C) 421 - 30j+ 6k (D) zero. Solution: 3%) -(31-2)-3%) 2i+4j+ek iF (-2i+ 4+ 6%) (41 CM 246 a 5)+3%) 12+ 30) + (24 + 6) + (10-16) 121 +30] - 6k SETHI 4. The resultant of scalar product and vector product of two given vectors is zero. if one vector is What is the other vector? 2H ABS are any thee vectors, show that Ax(@ +6) = AxB+Axé 3. A.body isin equitbrium under the action of three force vectors A, and C-simutaneously. Show that AxB =8x6=6xA 4. Express the magnitude of 85 in terms of scalar products. 5. Find 4:8 and x6 A=i+2}+K and{B| = 3 acting along & 6 Prove that the vacior area of tiangle whose vertices are 8.6.6 is 1(5xE +6 eeneee 7. Anyvector A is given by A= x14 yj. The another vector 8 perpendicular to A can be written 20 (A xi-¥i (8) yi-¥ (©) sy) (0) -yi-¥ 8. Pick the correct stotomon(s) trom the following (A) Ax AxA (C) A+B=B+A 8. Which ol the folowing is the unit vector perpencicular to P and? B.d BG a gue ©) Pro Pljsino Plaloose 5.0 5.6 Oo pre 0) Po © Biajsino ©) Bidjcose 10. (ii)xkis (a) zero (6) it vector . ar {0} meaningiessEOS Sere Sas Exercise -1 1. No, We can add only vactors representing the same physical quantity. 2 No 3. By multiplying the magnitude with the unit vector along the direction of the physical quantity. 4. o @ 6 A=i0N, B=6N 7 (@) 180" (0) 90° @o a oo ec io 8 Exercise -2 1 nh 2214 2)-3% Displacement along x-ax Displacement along y-axis = 2m Displacement along Z-axis = 31m long decreasing z 2. Displacement along east = 200 cos 45° = (100 V2 i) m along east. Similarly, displacement along north = (1002 j) m a. (@) (9i+47+5%)mmwnere 1.6 are unit vectors along east, noth and verically upward sirecton respectively. (&) Sm © 4 56m,29m s. 6 oc a G BoA 9 ¢ Exercise -3 : : 4. NullVector 4 xb) at [email protected] 5 = AVS, ab = 51-V8K n 8 8 oc a oc 10. ee ENLe EV WNey eee ere a 1 ‘Scalar quantities are quantities with magnitudes only and combine with the usual rules of anthmetic ¢.g. speed, mass and temperature. Vector quantities have magnitude as well as direction and combine according to the rues of vector algebra. e.g. velocity and acceleration Graphically, two vectors A and Bare added by placing the tail of 6 8 at the head of A. The vector sum A+6 then extends rom the tailol go ‘Ato the head of OG Vector addition is Ae A (Commutative) (Associative law) A.vector with zero magnitude is called null vector and AsG=A ‘Subtraction of vectors A-B=A+(-6) Unit voctors describe directions in space. A unit vactor has a magnitude of one, having a specilied direction, The unit vectors, and K are vectors of unit magnitude and point in the direction of the x. yand z axes respectively, in aright handed coordinate system, Vector Acan be expressed as A= Axi+ A,j having magnitude » JAEA,? and angle 0 with Where 21s a real number. Magnitude of B is 3. times the magnitude of A and direction is same as, that of A. (101s positive) ‘Scalar product of two vectors, C= A-G.= AB cose, where 4 is the angle between two vectors ‘and scalar product of two vectors is @ scalar quantity. Scalar products obey the commutative and the distributive taws, Cross product of two vectors A and 6 Is a vector quantiy. C= Ax6=ABsin ¢ fand its direction |s given by right hand rule, AxB #6. (non commutative) m7 ralCHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1 5. Let = 4i+3] ang B= 31+ 4]. Find the magnitudes of (9) & OB (0) +6 and (4-6 ‘Two vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 unit respectively. What should be the angle between them i the magnitude of the resultant is fa) 1 unit (©) Sunit ang (7 unit ‘Two vectors have magnitudes 2m and 3m. The angle between them is 60". Find (2) The scalar product of the two vectors (©) The magnitude oftheir vector product Establish the following vector inequalities geometrical or otherwise () +8 | (Ast ©) |e|s/A) 2. Which of the folowing is not essential for three voctors to produce zero resultant? (A) They should tie in the same plane, () It should be possible to represent them by the three sides of a triangle taken in the same orcer (C) They should act along the sides of a parallelogram. (0) The resultant of any two vectors should be equal and opposite to the third vector. 3 ‘Whats the angle between Bx@ andQxP? (A) z2r0 (x2 (x {0) none ofthe above 4. Figure shows regular_hexagon PORSTU. Find the valve O10 PRs PS. PT + BU TA PO (@) 0 CT (c) 40 (0) 6 ~—% 5 _Aparide is subjected to two equal forces along two ciferent crecions. Hone of them fs halved, the angle which the esullant makes withthe other ls alsa halve. The angie Between the forces fs (a 4° (60 (9 (0) 120° 6. ‘The x and y components of vector P have numerical values 6 and 6, respectively, and that of BG have numerical values 10 and 8. What are the numerical values ol x and y components aa? (A) 4 end, respectively (0) 3 anc, respectively {) 4 and 4 respectively {0} data insuticont 7. An objec, orginally tthe point (2,5, 1) em ts moved by vector (81-2) +) em. The coorainates of ts new postion are ( W0.7,2)em (9) (10,3, 210m (6) 16.7, o)¢m ie.s den specialsCin 10. 1” 12 It A.B and & represent unit vectors in each case, which vector combination(s) results in a unit vector? @ A a A 6 ° 0} 2 z € 3 1,3 4 (04 «then which ofthe following Is not correct? ©) Pl-|9) (D) P+Q=P+@ It R, = A+ andi, = A-B, then Bi+Re. watt be along IR, +R] WA 6 (© A+6 (0) A-8 ‘What is the projection of vector A = 4143] on vectoré = 3i +4]? (a) 10 (6) 2415, (©) 2010 (0) 125412] “The resultant of the two vectors having magnitudes 5 and 4 is 1. What is the magnitude of their ‘cross product? ws (80 ©1 (08 MULTI CHOICE MULTI CORRECT 1 ‘Avector A has magnitude A and A Is unit vector in the direction of A , then which of the {allowing are correct ha aA (Aken wand a A Aen oan A (C)A (0) x Which of th following relations are not commutative wa- (@) A+B (A-8 AB TEAS— ____ eS ee aS eC WAxB 26, BxC=A and CxA (A) A,B are coplanar (8) A+6+C cannot be equal toze:0 (©) angle between A and 6 may be less than 90° (0) A. 8,6 are orthogonal to each other Which of the following expression is equal to zero, (A) Axa (8) A(Ax8) (C)B «(A x(Ax8)) (0) ixGixi NUMERICAL BASED TYPE 1. ‘Considering two vectors F = (41-10))N and 7 = (-5i-3])m, compute it) Vectors 6, @ and A have magnitudes §, 12, and 13 units and B+Q=R. Il angle between @ ‘and R is 0. Then find *3cos0 A and 6 are two mutually perpendicular vectors, whore Ax Sit7]¥3k and B= 2i+2}-ak. nen find the vale of a NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE 1. WA #041 +03] +k is aunit vector. The value of cis VK’. Find the value of K. Find the magnitude of a given vector with end points are (4, ~4, 0) and (-2, -2, 0) (take Vid =3.16) LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE @ When a force F acts at a point p, at position 7 from the origin ‘O’, torque of this force about ‘O' is defined asi=ixF. It is a vector quantity having its direction perpendicular to both * and F according to the rule of cross product. When a rigid body Is rotting about a fied axis and a force is applied on it al some point then we are cancemed withthe component of torque of this force about the axis of rotation not with 1 net torque. When there are more than one force then nat torque is given by the vector sum of the torque due to individual force. 4, Find the torque ofa force = (i+ 2)~38) about a point 0. The postion vector of point of application of force about Os # = (21+ 3} i} W-rlesjek (@) ai+sj—ai (21+ 6}+.9% (©) none eT1. Find tho forque ofa torco = (1+ 2]=38) about a polntO. The postion vector of pot ot pplication of force about ts «(zt +3) =m w-tieshok (0) ai 6]-ai (craivoje ak (0) none Ciel 2. tthe axis of rotation of the body is along the y-axis, Then what is the component of the torque ‘along the axis in the provious question (7 Unit (8) Sunit (©) 1 Unit (0) 2010 3. IF be a force acting on a particle having the postion vector F and 7 be the torque of this {force about the origin then (A)f.i = Oand Fg =0 (©) 7.4 20and Fz =0 (©) F.% 20and Fz #0 (0) #4 =OandF.z 0 a ‘A mosquito net over a 7 ft» 4 ft bed is 3.1 high. The net has a hole at one comer of the bed through ‘which a mosquito enters the net. Take the hole as origin, the length of the bed as the x-axis, its width as the y-axis anc vertically up a5 the 2-axis. Now answer the following question based on the paragraph, + tthe mosquito tes and sis atthe diagonally opposite upper corner ofthe net, then what isthe displacement ofthe mosquito? (ay Tia) ak (@) Tied) oak : (6) +i ak (0) aissie7é 2. Whats the unt vector along the plane ofthe bed, which is directed away rom the hole along the déagonal of the bed? _ Tisai (@) ais) Tissi ais) © o OTe © MATCH LIST TYPE ‘Answer the following by appropriately matching th paragraph, Co-ordinate of int Ais (1.2.3) and co-ordinate of Position vector of B with respect to Ais Position vector of engin with respect to Bis Position vactor of A with respect of B with respect 10 origin is Position vector of B with respect to orgin + postion vector of A with respect to Bis ‘ofigin = positonga C(tiC 1, If .y, 2) is (3, 4, 5) then the correct match, is Options A) 1>S,l>R,>s,.voQ @) ISR Ns+QvoP ©) 1sU,hsQnotives ©) IW ISVIoU,VoT 2. Ihc y, 2) is (2, -2, 3) then the correct match, is Options A 1>W,I>RII>s,1V5Q ®@) 1>S1sR IS QVvoP © Isunsamstivos ©) 13W, HSV U,VoT 3. This question contains two matching lists. Choices for the correct combination of elements from List- and List-l are given as option (A), (B), (C) and (0) out of which one is correct. Match the followi ence List-ll (Properties) we [isi (1) | Unit magnitude makes an angie of 45* with y-axis (Q) (2) | (either with +y axis or -y axis) (a) | Nutt vector @ | magnitude JZ ws) | isk (4) | magnitude 0 : Codes: Po o@ oR Ss W 23 1 4 28 ® 2 3 12 4 © 24 3 42 141 © 23 2 1 28 MATCH THE FOLLOWING TYPE This question contains statements given in two columns which have to be matched. Statements (A, B, C, D) in column Ihave to be matched with statements (p. 4, r,s, 1)in column I 1 Match the followir (a) (p)_| vector ) (@)_| scalar © (1) _| makes angle of O° with positive direction of x- axis © (3)_| magnitude v3 (| null vectorgD MEGACOSM Jn enn MATCHING TYPE WITH 3 COLUMNS & 4 ROWS ‘The lolowing tablo has 3 columns ard 4 rows. Based on table, there are THREE questions. Ench ‘question has FOUR options (A), (8) (C), and (0), ONLY ONE of these four options fs eorract, ‘A= 31+ 4] and 661-6). Column -2 le resultant of vacior In column 1 and column -3 le magnitude of vector in column —1 COTE Caer Coes A=8 a 2 ria Tew Tso ols 1. ck the correct combination am given opbons aS) Ow) MON Ome 2. Pick the correct combination trom given options OWS) @ Mor ©) WH mO (0) WHR) 3. Pickthe correct combination ram given eptons 00S) ce) HO. (4) (RD) ©) IH PY ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE This question contains stalement-1 (Assertion) and Statemert-2 (Reason). Question has 4 choice (A, (8). (©) and (0) out of whieh only one is corect. 4. STATEMENT -1 ‘Any physical quantity that has magnitude and cirecton is a vector because ‘STATEMENT -2 ‘Althe vector physical quantities obey the commutative law of adsition (A) Statement? is tte, Statement -2 ig true, Statement -2 is @ corect explanation for statement (8) Statoment-1 is true, Statement -2 is true, Statement -2 Is not a correct explanation for statement-1 (C) Statement-t Is tue, Statement -2s false. (0) Statement is false, Statement -2s true. 2 STATEMENT -1 Unit vector has a unit magnitude as well as direction because ‘STATEMENT-2 Unt vector is a vector go It must have a magnitude and direction ‘Statemont -2 18 ue, Statement -2 Is @ correct explanation tor (A). Statement-1 isu statement-1 (@) Statement Is true, Statement -2 Is true, Statement -2 1s mot a correct explanation tor statement (G) Statement is rue, Statement -21 false {6) Statement is fase, Statement -2 is trv.Iya, aremnent 218 WU, . SECTION. 1. The agole between the vectors as shown intgure given Baow is (ea iat (G60 (©) 160° 2 Forthosioue (WAdae @)8+6-A (C)C+A=8 (0) A+B+ 3. For the resultant of two vectors 10 be maximum yhat must be the angle between them we ee" (80° {0} S00 4. R846 and the magntedasot A.B and are 5,4 and 3 units respectvly, the angle botweon A and € is (A) cos" (3/5) (8) cos"(4/5) (yx/2 (0) sin? (4) 5, Forces 9N, 4N and 12N act at a point In mutualy perpendicular directions. The mageitude of Fesuitant fore i Newon is aie @2 7 O19 6. three vectors acting along co-ordinate ais represent the asjacent sides of a cube f side“ then the unt vector akong agonal passing tough the onign wil be isdek Tsdek mn iedek a wit . Todek ‘ ( fedek oh 7. Tweet product ofthe vectors: A=2i-3] +k and B =3) +2k wz 0 (12 19 +7)-9k and 8 =2i +2)-ck are perpendicular vectors, the value of ¢ is a oA “2 @e oz O-8 9. The-angle between vectors A= 4i+3} & 8=si-4] is (a) 90° Qo, (€) 120° (0) 60" 11 magnitude of vector product is v3 times the magitude of scalar produc, then angle between the two veetoris wus (A) m2 (©) 23 (0) wa Enea 10ESSN asda eS 1. (a5 (8 ()7V2 (a) VE 2 (a) 180" (&) 90" (c) 0" 3 (a) 3 (o) 3/3 4. The sum (ciference) of any two sides ofa tiangle Is never ess (greater) then the third side ed MCQ - Single Correct >poOr>>or>o000 TES gS ERS TO ASSIGNMENTSANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENTS SECTION-1 PART-A + 100N 2 ayes GN 3 Ono 4 01. 5 MEE. SE 5 Aa-iesj-2n 6 (aay 6 9 ono 10. (2200, (a) -50K oo 12. 13, ero “2 15 Sap unt PART-B 1 0 2 ¢ a ¢ 4 5 oD Ca 7 6 a 8 2D wk a 0 12 MULTI CHOICE MULTI CORRECT : (acc | 2 ae 2 8D 4 ABD NUMERICAL BASED TYPE. Go 2 6 a8 NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE 4. 075 2 6a2 LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE @ : A 2 8 aA re) 2c MATCH LIST TYPE 1 8 2 0 a8 aSMATCH THE FOLLOWING TYPE 1. We O09 ©+6.5) O09 MATCHING TYPE WITH 3 COLUMNS & 4 ROWS 1 oe 2. 3 ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE SECTION-It TE