Ways:
Railways
This is one of the major paths for domestic movement and transfer of goods
International route is also offered
This is the most budget transportation both for passengers and goods
Merits
Large carrying capacity
It is economical
It is all weather modes
It has containerization
It links international markets
Demerits
Costlier over short distances
Slower movement
Inordinate delays
Roadways
This is the middle range offer of transportation
This segment is preferably used to cross comparatively short distance
This section is time effective but bit costly than railways
Merits
Economical over short distances
Speedier movement
Touching for-flung markets (facility out from rail coverage)
Lesser conditions of service
Demerits:
Non-economical over long distances
It is fair weather friend
Not suitable for bulk transport
Airways
Highest time effective path
Highly expensive
Provides higher means of restrictions over nature and types of consignment
Provides higher means of security
Merits
Fastest means of transport
All weather friendly
Consumer satisfaction
Reduced inventory holdings
Demerits
It is costlier means of transport
Limited coverage
Limited cargo capacity
Waterways
Time consuming
Greatly depends on weather and natural changes
Good cost efficient
Most of lands are connected
Provide great opportunities to transport from under developed sections around the globe
Merits
It is cheaper means of transport
Most suitable for heavy and fragile products
Loading and unloading facilities
No problem of congestion
Demerits
Slow speed
Unreliable
Limited service
Pipe-Lines
Pipe-lines are the specialized means of transportation designed to move the items like crude-oil,
petroleum, chemicals, coal, lime-stone, iron-ore, copper concentrates and gas
Merits
Economical
Uninterrupted service
No danger of wastage
Underground
Demerits
Initial heavy investment
Point of attraction of enemy attacks
Chances of sabotaging/ revenge
Leakages cause great inconvenience around the total service
Work order
It is usually a task or a job for a customer that can be scheduled or assigned to someone. Such an order
may be from a customer request or created internally within the organization. Work orders may also be
created as follow ups to Inspections or Audits.
A work order may include one or more of the following:
Instructions
Cost estimates
Forms
Date and time to execute the work order
Information about the location and entities to execute the work order and
The person to whom the work order is assigned
Work order process
It is the systematic way in which a new job and its tasks are moved through your various operational
steps
T&A
Time and Action (TNA) is one of the most important tools for managing a project. In garment
manufacturing each order is not less than a project to a merchant because from order receiving to
completion of an order it involves a number of tasks of various timelines and utilization of various
resources. T&A defines the ideal date/time period within which the major activities of an order should
occur against a scheduled delivery window.
T&A in Garment Industry
Garment pre-production and merchandising functions are characterized by people in an organization
doing multiple activities. While some of the activities are dependent and follow each other, a few others
are independent. Every garment company takes enormous care during the planning of an order. Every
little detail is interwoven into the planning system. It consists of short term and long term plans.
T&A is a most effective communication tool that proves it to be useful to this task. The chart consists of
time frames listed for every action planned (major ones) and these actions need to be earned out on
time.
Structure
Process flow of an order with the list of task which need to be performed
Production capacity of cutting, sewing, washing and finishing
For sewing – batch wise and product wise capacity (production per day per batch)
Lead time of activities, e.g. raw material lead time, sampling lead time, etc.
Shipment date or planned ex-factory date
Importance
It helps to streamline the pre-production activities
Easy understanding of order processing
Clear understanding of timelines given by buyer
It gives the clear idea about the minor or sub activities
TNA gives the idea about the status of running order and talks about delay or deviation
TNA gives the dates at which raw material need to be sourced in optimized way
TNA also reduces the risk of delivery delay
Factors need to be considered while preparing T&A
Production capacity of plant
Style type of merchandise
Festivals of manufacturing country
Holidays
Shipment details
Festivals of country from where raw material is imported
Logistics facilities
Lead time estimated by buyer
Style complications
Fabric and trims manufacturing complications
Buffer required from each department
Political stability of the country
Flexibility of freight forwarder
Response time from buyer at different stages
Lead times of various activities like L/C payment, custom clearance, etc
Cut off dates for shipments
Absenteeism
