Sources of bio medical signals
What is Biomedical Signal?
Biomedical signals are observations of physiological activities of organisms,
ranging from gene and protein sequences, to neural and cardiac rhythms, to
tissue and organ images. Biomedical signal processing aims at extracting
significant information from biomedical signals.
Types
A number of signal sources may result into a biomedical signal.
Those sources are bioelectric Signals, bio impedance signals, bio
acoustic signals, bio magnetic signals, biochemical signals and bio-
optical signals.
Bioelectrical signals
Bioelectrical signals are very low amplitude and low frequency
electrical signals that can be measured from biological beings, for example,
humans. Bioelectrical signals are generated from the complex self-regulatory
system and can be measured through changes in electrical potential across a
cell or an organ.
Bio impedance
The measurement of the bio impedance is a non-invasive method providing
the information about the body composition, hearth rate, blood flow,
breathing etc. ... The device is designed as a combination of
a signal generator with stabilized current output and a measuring amplifier
based on the AD620 amplifier.
Bioacoustics
Bioacoustics is a cross-disciplinary science that
combines biology and acoustics. Usually it refers to the investigation
of sound production, dispersion and reception in animals (including humans).
This involves neurophysiologic and anatomical basis of sound production and
detection, and relation of acoustic signals to the medium they disperse
through. The findings provide clues about the evolution of acoustic
mechanisms, and from that, the evolution of animals that employ them.
In underwater acoustics and fisheries acoustics the term is also used to mean
the effect of plants and animals on sound propagated underwater, usually in
reference to the use of sonar technology for biomass estimation. The study of
substrate-borne vibrations used by animals is considered by some a distinct
field called biotremology.
Bio magnetism
Bio magnetism is the phenomenon of magnetic fields produced by living
organisms; it is a subset of bio electromagnetism. In contrast, organisms' use
of magnetism in navigation is magnetoception and the study of the magnetic
fields' effects on organisms is magneto biology.
Biochemical
A biochemical cascade, also known as a signaling cascade
or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a
biological cell when initiated by a stimulus. ... Another example, sonic
hedgehog signaling pathway, is one of the key regulators of embryonic
development and is present in all bilaterians.
Bio-optical
Bio-optical signals are the result of the optical functions of
the biological systems, occurring naturally or induced by the measurement. ...
The Bio-optical signals recorded in vitro have been analyzed by extracting
various statistical features.
How is biological signal generated in human body?
Human electrical energy is generated by chemical processes in nerve cells.
Billions of nerve impulses travel throughout the human brain and nervous
system. A nerve impulse is a wave of electrical activity that passes from one
end of nerve cell to another
What is the bandwidth of a normal ECG signal?
The useful bandwidth of an ECG signal, depending on the application, can
range from 0.5 Hz to 50 Hz—for a monitoring application in intensive care
units—up to 1 kHz for late-potential measurements (pacemaker detection). A
standard clinical ECG application has a bandwidth of 0.05 Hz to 100 Hz.
What is Bioacoustics signal?
Bioacoustics signals (BAS) are defined as a family of signals that includes
the sounds produced by the human body, whereas, in general, the study of
sounds produced by living organisms is referred to as bioacoustics (1). ... A
microphone can also be used to pick up sound.
What is meant by signal processing?
Signal Processing is the art and science of modifying acquired time-series
data for the purposes of analysis or enhancement. ... The goal of DSPs is
usually to measure, filter or compress continuous real-world analog signals.
What is EEG and ECG?
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electrocardiograms (ECGs) are both
tests that measure electrical impulses in the body. However,
an EEG measures impulses in the brain, while an ECG, which may also have
the abbreviation EKG, measures impulses in the heart.
How many volts are in a human cell?
Yep. Yet, a human cell generates . 07 volts of electricity. At 37.5
trillion cells, that's 2.625 trillion volts in a human body.
Are humans AC or DC?
The minimum current a human can feel depends on the current type (AC or
DC) and frequency. A person can feel at least 1 mA of AC at 50-60 Hz,
while at least 5 mA for DC. The current may, if it is high enough, cause
tissue damage or fibrillation which leads to cardiac arrest.
