Department of Technical Programs

UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Course Outline: IT118L – Systems Integration and Architecture

Course Coordinator : Eduard L. Pulvera

Email : [email protected]
Student Consultation : Follow consultation Schedule
Mobile : 09295288740
Phone : 082-5532914
Effectivity Date : August SY 2020-2021
Mode of Delivery : Blended (On-line with face to face or virtual sessions)
: Distance Education Delivery
Time Frame : 90 hours
Student Workload : Expected Self-Directed Learning
Requisites : IT224/L
Credit : 6 units
Attendance Requirements : Attendance is required at all scheduled Virtual or
face to face sessions or chat sessions

Course Outline Policy

Areas of Concern Details

Contact and Non-contact Hours This 6-unit self-instructional material is designed for
blended learning mode of instructional delivery or
Distance Education Delivery. There will be a weekly
scheduled virtual session or chat session every start of
the week for discussions and clarifications of lecture
materials intended for the week which was uploaded or
sent in advance. Self-directed activities and assignments
to perform at a given period will be provided.
Assessment Task Submission The major assessment tasks shall be administered and
submitted online during the examination schedules,
particularly on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 15th week within the
duration of the semester. The updated permit shall be
submitted online to unlock the exam. The guidelines for
major examination both in a laboratory and written are
reflected in the syllabus.

Submission of deliverables shall be every deadline set in

the Quipper/Schoology LMS according to the essential
knowledge provided. You will do the documentation and
perform the following roles: Project Manager, Systems
Analyst, Developer, and Document In-charge.

The deliverables shall be unlocked every after essential

knowledge is presented.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Every deliverable has corresponding Rubric or points to

determine if you pass or has able to accomplish the task.

You can submit your document through our Quipper/

Schoology LMS and observe the deadlines of
submission. You can receive feedback after a week of
submission.
Plagiarism Checking and The submitted documents should be run through
Misconducts Plagiarism Checker by Turnitin to help detect the
plagiarism in your submitted document and other writing
issues. The Turnitin report is the one to be submitted
online. This is to check also if the document submitted
was not copied from other students.
Return of deliverables The deliverables will be returned seven (7) days after
submission through Quipper/Schoology LMS. You can
check the comments, revise the document, and resubmit.
Assignment Resubmission You should request through the chat feature of the
Quipper/Schoology LMS your intention to resubmit the
assignments and activities due to the erroneous file
submitted.
Re-marking of Assessments and Upon the return of deliverables, you should first
appeal approach the course coordinator through chat for
clarification and deliberation. If disapproved by the
course coordinator, you can elevate your case to the
program head or the dean with a request letter to appeal
or contest the score to a certain deliverable.
Grading System The grading system composed of Lecture and
Laboratory. Please refer to the assessment method
below:

LECTURE 40%
Examinations 60%
Exam 1 10%
Exam 2 10%
Exam 3 10%
Exam 4 30%
Class Participation 40%
Assignments 5%
Quizzes 10%
Oral Recitation10%
Research 15%
TOTAL 100%
LABORATORY 60%
Examinations 50%
Exam 1 15%
Exam 2 15%

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Final Exam 20%

Lab Quizzes 10%
Lab Exer/Assign/Field Work 40%
TOTAL 100%
Preferred Referencing Style The use of APA 6th Edition is required for assignments
and hands-on activities with research components.
Student Communication You are required to sign up in Quipper/Schoology LMS
portal to access the lecture materials, deliverables, and
major assessment tasks.
Contact Details of the Dean Name: Eduard L. Pulvera
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 082-5532914
Contact Details of the Program Name: Cyvil Dave T. Dasargo, MIT
Head Email: [email protected]
Phone: 082-5532914
Students with Special Needs Those with special needs shall communicate directly
with the course coordinator about the nature of your
needs with supporting evidence. The course coordinator
will seek approval from the program coordinator for the
alternative assessment tasks or extension of the deadline
for submission of the specific task. The alternative
assessment tasks should still be in the service of
achieving the desired course learning outcomes.
Online Tutorial Registration During the regular Google Collab session, you can
request for another collab schedule for a tutorial. This
can be done online, or you can call or text the course
coordinator for assistance directly if you do not have an
internet connection.
Library Contact You can contact the Learning and Information Center
head to access the online databases for reading materials,
to wit:

Name: Jennifer Ramos

Email:
Phone: 082-5532914

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Course Information: Please download the course syllabus in the Quipper/Schoology LMS

Course Description

This course focuses on the systems requirements, acquisition and sourcing, design,
integration, and deployment. Topics include analyzing and managing systems projects,
requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, development strategies,
user interface design, data design, the different methodology that applies a certain project,
system architecture, managing systems implementation, and systems support and security.
This course integrates all the skills learned by the students in programming database
management, and user interface design by taking on an actual software development project.

Course Outcomes (CO)

1. Analyze organization’s problems in terms of business processes that can be solved by

a computing solution.
2. Apply appropriate modelling tools and methodologies to solve the identified problems
related to business processes.
3. Develop an information system significant to the existing environment of the
organization.

CO 1: Analyze organization’s problems in terms of business processes that can

be solved by a computing solution.

Week 1 - 3: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): at the end of the unit, you are expected to

a. Examine the various information systems and your role in the system analysis and
design.
b. Identify the stakeholders of a system and formulate their needs.

BIG PICTURE in Focus: ULO a. Examine the various information systems

and your role in the system analysis and design.

Metalanguage

In this section, you will learn the concepts of system analysis and design, roles of the systems
analyst and the systems development life cycle. As you can observe, majority of programs
related to business require students to have a knowledge on information system. Let’s
analyze how significant is the course to business programs and to Information Technology
Education programs. The following terms will help you understand the discussion for the
week.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

An Information Systems according to (Suneeta, 2016) a CIO of her company, defines it as

the juncture of technology so that the people involved and the various processes within an
organization will achieve a certain goal.

A Systems Analysis and Design refers to a comprehensive term for describing a technique for
developing a high-quality type of an information system.

A Systems Development Life Cycle refers to the process of understanding how an

information system (IS) can support business needs by designing a particular system,
developing it and implementing it to users.

The key person in the Systems Development Life Cycle is the Systems Analyst, who is
responsible for analyzing the business requirements, identifies possible opportunities to
improve its operation, and design a suitable information system.

Essential Knowledge

To attain the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes a) for the first and second week of
the course, you need to fully understand the different types of information system, roles of
the Systems Analyst, Systems Development Life Cycle and its components. Moreover, you
need to recapitulate the network addresses, network devices and subnetting. Those with
internet connection, you can download the lecture materials uploaded in the BB LMS and
you can research through online databases like ebrary, or proquest in the UM LIC portal to
access the references listed in the syllabus.

Components of Information System

1. Technology
- Refers to the hardware, software, data to be processed and the communication
network.
- The hardware are those physical components that you can use to process the data
in the organization.
- The software refers to the programs like the operating system and an information
system.
- Data are those inputs needed in the organization to provide a certain information,
which are stored in the database for analysis and for future use.

2. People
- Refers to the individual that are working in the organization. These people can be
the data encoders, computer operators, network administrators, programmers, IT
specialist, or system specialist.

3. Processes
- these refers to the different business operations like sales and inventory, purchase
order, customers recordkeeping, billing, etc.
- Each organization could have more than one processes.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

- There are organizations that utilizes a manual or computerized information to

perform these processes.

Since every organization is unique, understanding its level is very important in order to
recommend an appropriate information system. The image below is excerpt from
https://www.guru99.com/mis-types-information-system.html.

An organization is categorized according to operational management, tactical and strategic

level of management. The operational level involves in performing the day to day
transactions of the business. The Tactical level is consisting of middle level managers, head
of offices, or supervisors. They are the one who oversee the performance of the people in the
operational management. The Strategic management on the other hand are senior level
managers, who plan for the organization’s long-term operation. They gather information
from the middle managers and external information to guide them in making unstructured
decisions. Each level has different information requirements. In this connection, an
applicable information system to support the need of each level is essential. There are
actually various classifications of information systems.

Classification of Information System

1. Transaction Processing System (TPS)

- TPS is part of the operational management level
- This information system is the one’s performing the day to day business
operations of the organizations.
- Users like cashiers of a POS, bank tellers, front desk, etc are working in this level.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

- These users make a structured decision, which means that cashiers rely on the
availability of products in the POS and receive payment according to their
payment policy; bank tellers depend on the transactions available for the clients
like receiving deposit, withdrawing accounts or accepting bills payments; front
desk will look at the availability of rooms, receive payments and record
reservations. In short, there are already defined rules which serve as their guide
in making decisions.
- At the end of the day, TPS can provide detailed information in a timely manner.
For example, generation of daily sales, number of depositors in a day, number of
reservations, etc.
- Examples of TPS include: Point of Sale System (POS), Payroll System,
Reservation System, Booking System, Library Information System and many
others.

2. Management Information System (MIS)

- This type of system is utilized by middle managers to monitor the status of the
organizations business operations. The result generated from the TPS serves as
input to the MIS.
- For example, from the Point of Sale System, the data can be analyzed as to what
products are the most salable, for the MIS to decide what products needs to reduce
its orders for it not performing well in the market. The middle managers can
generate a market trend from the input data made from the TPS.
- Examples of MIS include: Human Resource Management System, Sales and
Inventory Management System, etc.

3. Decision Support System (DSS)

- A type of system that provides solutions to business problems that are changing
frequently like for example knowing the impact of the workforce performance
when a certain production is doubled; or determining the overall sales results
when there are new competitors tend to invest nearby; or knowing the business
effect when most of the workforce are untrained of the new trends to gain global
markets.
- DSS utilizes mathematical models and techniques to deliver solutions to business
operations.

4. Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Business

- This type of system is utilized by large companies like Alibaba, Amazon, Verint,
Twilio, Apple, Facebook, IBM, Google, Microsoft etc., to identify the data that is
most relevant to the user’s preference.
- AI mimics on human expertise to determine patterns in a large data sets, which
usually data from what users have provided, and will create predictions. Below
are some of the examples:
a. Alibaba uses AI to predict what customers might prefer to buy.
b. Amazon uses AI to help suggest the buyers the products that they will buy
based on what the customers are presently getting.
c. Google uses AI to provide users find the most relevant search results based on
the user’s interaction with the application.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

d. Apple uses AI to enable the FaceID, enable the the smart assistant Siri and
recommends songs o Apple Music.
e. Facebook uses AI and deep learning thru their text understanding learning
called DeepText to recognize and interpret the content and emotional
sentiments of the thousand-users posts created in multiple languages in every
second. Also, it utilizes a DeepFace mechanism where it can automatically
identify your photo being shared by other fb users. Furthermore, IG and FB
uses AI called Revenge Porn to control the images and videos that are being
shared, which caused embarrassment or distress to a particular subject of the
image.
- The AI those known companies became successful was just a tool, the technique
most significant was because they value their customers.

5. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

- A software that provides analysis of multi-dimensional data using a query and
generate a report that can be perceived in different dimensions. For example, a
supermarket company with multiple branches, OLAP can be utilized to display the
total sales, which can be filtered by date, by product or by branch and able to
compare their actual sales with the projected sales. The product, number of sales,
actual sales and projected sales represents different dimension.
- The objective of OLAP is to provide immediate answers to ad hoc queries within
a specific date and time regardless of the size of datasets being utilized.

Systems Analyst (SA)

In studying the business processes, the systems analysts play a vital role for they will act as a
bridge between the business requirements of the organization and the capabilities of the
personnel.

Roles of the Systems Analyst

Acts as a Consultant
 They are like adviser to human, the business processes and the stakeholders, hired to
analyze the day to day business transactions and design an appropriate information
system to address issues within the business that will benefit not only the people in
the organization but also their clients.

Acts as a Supporting Expert

 As a supporting expert, the analyst must possess professional expertise in computer
hardware and software and their significant benefits to business. The analyst will be
the one to manage the systems project and will guide the programmers on what the
system should look like and what type of system to develop.

Acts as an Agent of Change

 They serve as the catalyst for change, who develops a plan for an abrupt or future
change and collaborate with other persons in the organizations in facilitating the
possible changes. The analyst must always foresee that technology changes so fast,

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

which will greatly affect the flow of the business processes, the persons in the
organizations and their clients.
 The analyst must also predict how technology can be used to gain competitive
advantage and attain global market.

Qualities of the Systems Analyst

Aside from the roles being played by the Systems Analyst, the analyst must also possess the
following qualities:

A Problem-Solver
 Information Systems are not always perfect, flaws might occur in a sudden or over
time. The analyst must able to address the challenge and devise workable solutions.
 Able to plan solutions for problems in a more systematic way without hampering the
business operations if possible.

A Good Communicator
 Capable of conveying the right information to people and able to understand the needs
of these people in interacting with technology.
 Must have enough experience to computer programs, understand its capabilities to
gather information requirements from the systems users in the organization and able
to relay these requirements to programmers.

A Strong Personal and Professional Ethics

 Capable of building trust from clients and the persons the analyst is working with in
the organization. The information systems must adhere to the standards and delivered
with honestly and integrity.

Self-disciplined
 Observe time management, maximize resources properly, and achieve goals in a
timely manner
 Self-controlled person in times of tough times.

Self-Motivated
 Capable of handling people and understands their needs.
 Should not be easily discouraged and lost hope in achieving the goals and solving the
computing problems.

Systems Analysis and Design

 System Analysis refers to understanding the business objectives, detailed processes
and determine the systems requirements and specifications.
 System Design refers to the interpretation of systems requirements and specifications
during the system analysis into architectural presentation. Design logical and physical
flow for the type of information system to implement.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Why there is a need for Systems Analysis and Design

There is a need for Systems Analysis and Design:

1. When a particular organization experienced gradual loss of clients, the processes

caused delays and long queue, lost of sales, unsatisfied customers, fast turn-over of
employees, returns of products, misuse of resources, etc.;
2. When an organization would like to shift from their current manual system to a
computerized system and;
3. When an organization would like to upgrade their current system, to adapt a
customized information system or to outsource a computerized system.

Thorough analysis will identify and solve the possible problems. Analysis also will
determine if there is really a need to shift or to adopt a new system. Without analysis and
proper planning will lead to another problem which will cause a fall of the resources and
disuse of information systems. To be able to conduct a proper planning, the use of Systems
Development Life Cycle is essential.

What is Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC?

 A systematic approach to analysis and design following the specific cycle or presented
in phases discretely so that activities will not be repeated.
 In conducting SDLC, it is best to incorporate Human Computer Interaction (HCI),
which (W3Computing.com, 2020) enables communications and interactions between
human and computer. The analysis using HCI is focusing first the human needs
involving cognitive, affective and behavioral factors in interacting with technology
instead of the needs of the organization and the need for an information system.
 There are also popular SDLC model

The SDLC has seven phases:

1. Identifying problems, opportunities and objectives

2. Determining human information requirements
3. Analyzing system needs
4. Designing the recommended system
5. Developing and documenting software
6. Testing and Maintaining the system
7. Implementing and evaluating the system

 The systems users and those who will operate the information system of the
company’s day to day activities. The integration of HCI principle will able to address
the difficulty of users on the use of the computerized system due to much complicated
design, trouble in navigating the system environment and its being unfriendly design.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

When HCI integrated to SDLC

1. Identifying problems, opportunities and objectives
2. Determining human information requirements
3. Analyzing system needs
4. Designing the recommended system
5. Developing and documenting software
6. Testing and Maintaining the system
7. Implementing and evaluating the system
8. The Impact of Maintenance

Phase 1: Identifying Problems, opportunities and objectives

In this phase, the analyst will identify the problems of the business processes, the
people and the clients. Also, it identifies the opportunities for improvement in the
use of computerized system. Moreover, the analyst should analyze what aspect of
the computerized system will help the organizations in achieving its objectives.

Phase 2: Determining Human Information Requirements in SDLC

Relevant information is the most important element in the organization. To
acquire this information, the analyst should use a variety of tools.

Tools in Gathering Information

1. Conduct Interview
2. Do an actual observation of the flow of processes and office environment
3. Conduct survey from the people involved in the business processes

The analyst should be able to understand the essential information the users need in
order to efficiently do their job and identifying their abilities, capabilities and
limitations. Also, the analyst will determine how the system be designed to be
more user-friendly and easily remembered to be able for these users become
productive in every work task assigned to them.

The analyst should know the full functionality of the system including the who,
what, where, when and how. Who are the internal and external people involved,
what are the business processes, where the system be implemented, when is the
time to launch the new system and determine how those processes should be
performed.

The analyst must analyze why there is a need for such system to decide a type of
method in designing the new system.

Phase 3: Analyzing System Needs

The systems analyst will analyze and validate the information collected during the
second phase.

SA will examine the information required for the end-users and specifies the
software requirement specifications, hardware specifications including the network
requirements of the system.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

These requirements must be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely.

For example: A certain company would like to shift from a manual Sales and Inventory
system to a computerized system, where they can gain advantage not only in the local market
but also in national and international market.

The Systems Analyst needs to document in terms of:

1. What type of system will address their need;
2. What application platform to use;
3. What are the hardware specifications needed;
4. What are the software specifications needed;
5. Who will be the users of the system; and
6. When it will be utilized?

The sample documentation below help you address these concerns.

System
The company will adopt the cross-platform application to gain competitive advantage in the
global market. The application will run both in web and mobile with different platforms.
The clients can register, create their own accounts and do transactions online like ordering of
products, paying online or Cash on delivery and track orders. The admin can view their sales
for a particular period of time and generate pertinent reports. The inventory of products
automatically updated and sends reports to suppliers once products are in critical level for
restocking. The application will automatically allow the admin to generate sales filtered by
date and dashboard will display analytics on sales, products saleable, seasonal and products
need for removal in the inventory for a number of months with no sale.

Platform
Based on the user’s requirements, the clients of the company can download the mobile
applications through Google Play and Apps Store to cater those users who are using Adnroid
and iOS platform. For the web application, the users can use any operating systems and
browsers to access the application.

Hardware Specifications

For Clients
To run the application, the clients should have a recommended specs as shown below:
 At least Corei3 and up Processor or mid-range AMD or Intel processor
 2MB RAM
 LAN port or Wifi enabled devices
 Android Mobile device or iOS mobile device

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

For Admin
To run the application, the admin should have the following recommended specifications
 Intel Corei5 or AMD R7
 8GB of RAM

Software Specifications

For Developers
The software listed below are the tools to utilize by the developers in developing the web and
mobile application.

PHP Scripting Language

This language is used to develop the web application interface both for user and
admin to allow the authorized users to access the web application.

Sublime Text Editor

The developers will use this cross-platform framework to code the PHP commands
easier.

Bootstrap, CSS, Glyphicons, and JavaScript

These tools will be used to create an enhanced and more responsive design for the
web application. The Bootstrap tool is intended of the User Interface (UI) design to
become responsive to different types of devices and browsers. The system is utilizing
the CSS tool for designing the buttons, images and formatting the text. Glyphicons
tool for the icons. The JavaScript is for providing pop-up notifications and animation.

AJAX
The system is using this tool in updating the web pages, which provides a mechanism
to update or alter a particular web page without reloading the page from time to time
to achieve asynchronous web application.

XAMPP Control Panel

A lightweight Apache software utilized by the researchers for the quick time
constraints and ease in the configuration and building of the application developed in
the PHP Language.

Adobe Photoshop CS5

The system is using this tool to design the logo of the homepage, the icons of the
different buttons, and to edit the images of the system design.

MySQL Database
A storage software utilized by the researchers to manage the demographic profile of
the EBSU applicants and grantees.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

SDK for SMS Notification

An API used to notify the applicants and grantees via email and SMS about the
updates and announcement of the EBSU office.

Android Studio and SDK Tools

These tools will be used to develop the native code for mobile application.

For Clients
To run the application, the clients should have a recommended specs as shown below:
 Windows 7 and up
 Any browsers

For Admin
To run the application, the admin should have the following recommended specifications
 Windows 7 or up
 Any browsers

Phase 4: Designing the Recommended System

In this phase the SA has to transform the requirement specifications identified in

the previous phase into a logical design. present the design of the application, its
database structure, network architecture, the user and system interfaces.

The SA must prepare a design document to be utilized in the next phase.

In designing the new system, the SA might choose an appropriate method.

Phase 5: Developing and documenting Software

This phase is the development of the system. This is the time that the analyst and
the programmers work with the users to develop the full functionality of the
system, the help tool, and the procedure manuals. The programmers have to design
the interface, code the system and make sure it’s free of errors. The software
documentation must be developed and addressed the questions the users have
raised since they are the part of the study since the start of the phase. This
documentation will tell the users to the system be installed, how to use it and what
to do when problems occur during implementation.

Phase 6: Testing and Maintaining the System

This phase is the time of running the system live to test its functionality and to
catch errors before it will be signed over to the organization. The debugging and
testing per modules are already completed by programmers during development.

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Maintenance is involved because there are cases during testing that some parts of
the program needs to update, and some users might add requirements.

There are types of software testing:

Software Testing
1. Black box testing
2. White box testing

Black box testing, a method of testing used to test the system without knowing the internal
structure of the program codes. This type of testing is based entirely on the system
requirements and specifications conducted during the second phase. The main focus of this
method is the validation of data to be inputted in the system and the possible output.

Types of Black box testing

1. Functional Testing – test the functional requirements of the system.
2. Non-Functional Testing – test the performance, usability, maintainability, flexibility
and scalability of the system
3. Regression Testing – test the maintainability of the system, to check if the existing
codes will not be affected when certain upgrades happen
4. Integration Testing – test the connectivity of the buttons and interaction among other
system modules.

Advantages
 The test is done from the user’s specifications point of view
 The one who will conduct the test need not to know the programming structure or
even the programming language
 The tester must not be part of the developer’s team to avoid bias
 Test cases must be prepared to check if all the specifications are met.

Disadvantages
 Only inputs and its outputs are being tested, which might leave some components
untested.
 Test cases are difficult to achieve when there are no clear specifications.

White box testing, a method of testing used to test the internal structure by the tester. This
can be done during program debugging.

Types of White Box Testing

1. Unit Testing – to test each unit or block of codes of the program
2. Testing for Memory Allocation – to test the memory leaks caused by slower
performance of the application.

Advantages
 Optimize codes due to catching hidden errors

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

 Testing is done in-depth as code paths are entire covered.

Disadvantages
 Takes the test longer or time-consuming and complex when application is too big
 Requires deep understanding of programming

Phase 7: Implementing and Evaluating the System

This phase, user’s training takes place and the analyst needs to plan the type of
implementation to be taken.

There are types of implementation

Four (4) Methods to Implement

1. Parallel
The old and the new system are implemented at the same time
Advantages
 Compares the output of the old and the new system
 Easily evaluate the changes
Disadvantage
 Needs time to consolidate data done in old and the new system

2. Phased
Only part of the new system gradually replaces the parts of the old system.
Advantages
 Impact of the new system is minimal when failure occurs
 Issues can be easily addressed
Disadvantage
 The full implementation is longer

3. Pilot
A small group of identified users of the system will use the new system.
Advantages
 Training can be done to the pilot group
 Failure can be addressed immediate without greater impact and before it is
widely spread to the entire organization.
Disadvantage
 Implementation to group of users might cause problems for the system
might be working well to some users while not to other users.

4. Direct
The new system goes live fully to all users while setting aside the old system.

Advantages
 Evaluate the effectivity of the new system to the organization
 Good method for implementation if the system if not critical

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Disadvantages
 If the system holds critical records, this idea is not good especially to a
hospital system or banking system.

Phase 8: The Impact of Maintenance

This phase involves the maintainance of the system keeping the computer programs
up to date at all times.

The systems analyst must plan as to how long the maintenance will take place as
part of the contract after signing off.

Reasons for Performing System Maintenance

 Occurrence of bugs
 Additional features to be included
 Changes of business processes
 Fast evolution of hardware and software requirements

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

As the saying goes “A Picture is worth a thousand words”. This picture depicts and
visualizes the entire information flows of the system called a Data Flow Diagram (DFD).

The DFD shows the information that enters and leaves the system, the process of the
information and its storage, which has the purpose of showing the scope and boundaries of
the entire system.

This tool serves as a means of communication between the analyst and the project team in
presenting the design of the system.

The DFD is decomposed and begins with Context Diagram as Level 0 down to Level 1 and
continue to evolve to its Level 4 progression. This progression depends on the complexity of
the system functions.

Characteristics of DFD
 Supports the analysis and requirements of the system design
 Visualizes the systems flow
 Describes the business processes of the system
 Decomposes the processes

Symbols of DFD
External Entity (Source / Destination) – represents the persons, system or a subsystem,
where a certain data comes from and goes to.

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Rule: Must be connected to a process by a data flow.

Process – refers to a business activity or a function where the operation and conversion of
data takes place. This shows how the data are being performed within a process.

Rules
1. Can have more than one outgoing data flow or more than one incoming data flow.
2. Can connect to any other symbol including another process symbol.

Example of Rule 1

Example of Rule 2

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Data Flow – represents the direction of information. The arrowhead is important to show the
end of flow.

Data Store – depicts the storage of pertinent data after the process took place. Example of
this are Inventory, Sales, database or a table.

Rules:
1. Labels should be a noun phrase
2. Must have at least one incoming and one outgoing data flow

Example:

General Rules of using DFD Symbols

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Different DFD Notations

There are several different notations:

1. Yourdon and/or De Marco,
2. Gane & Sarson,
3. SSADM(Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology), and
4. Unified Modeling Language have ways of showing data flows.

Context Diagram
 Top Level view of Information System
 Shows the system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and
major information flows between entities and the system.
 An example is an order system that a company uses to enter orders and apply
payments against a customer’s balance

Example of a DFD showing the entire flow of an Order system

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An example of a Context Diagram in a level 0

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BIG PICTURE in Focus: ULO b. Identify the stakeholders of a system and

formulate their needs.
.

Metalanguage

In this section, you will be given a situation thru a case study and apply the first two phases
of the SLDC. Let’s analyze how significant is the course to business programs and to
Information Technology Education programs. The following terms will help you understand
your tasks to solve the current computing problems of the company.

Project Manager is an individual that possess all the qualities and roles of the systems
analyst. Its responsibility is also to make project goals and inspire the team to attain the goals
on time, within budget and schedule.

Document In-charge is an individual responsible to document the technical requirements

and solutions to the identified problems.

Programmer is the individual who will convert the requirements to logical design and will
develop the solutions based on the problems.

Systems Analyst, who is responsible for analyzing the business requirements, identifies
possible opportunities to improve its operation, and design a suitable information system.

Essential Knowledge
To attain the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes b) for the week, you need to
analyze the scenario given below and provide the essential documentation.

Guidance to the learner

The business-related problem that students will analyze can be their own choice if we have
known a business establishment, or a scenario can be given. If students are developing an
application for any other company or establishments, then that business problem can be used.
Otherwise a scenario like the one indicated as follows can be used by the students. However,
if almost or the majority of you are analyzing the same problem, make sure to make your own
analysis and solutions.

Business Scenario:
A large Sales and Inventory company, which is predominantly operating in the Philippines is
going to be offering its products and services to many international countries in its drive to
grow and become a large international company. Currently, they are using both manual and
computerized systems. Only for cashiering that they utilized the computerized system, while
for inventory of products, purchasing of products to supplier and getting the orders from
customers are still in manual. This has meant that the systems it has been using to keep track
of customer enquiries about information and purchase of its products and services, cashiering

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and conducting product inventories, will need to be centralized or a new system should be
developed to reflect the changes in the way it will operate. With their current system, the
company experienced flaws and delays in generating updated products inventory and sales
reports. Also, as the CEO has observed, there are a lot of products in their warehouse that are
seldom sold. He thought maybe that problems were due to minimal number of employees,
which composed of two employees per department excluding their head.

The company started in the year 2000 selling motorcycle parts, auto parts, furniture supplies,
lightings, plastic wares, electronic supplies and other hardware supplies managed by the
couple Mr and Mrs Te. After two years of operation, the couple able to hire their son as the
CEO with secretary and accountant. The company offers a much wider range of products and
services to accommodate the needs of the international market. They accept orders through
emails, phone calls or walk-in from nearby customers. Since they are into international
market, customers will be using a range of currencies to pay the products and the company
will need to consider for the fluctuating currency exchange rates in its new system. In the
Philippines, they cater around 500 customers in a day, both walk-in and regular clients, while
more than thousands of customers in the global market. They charge a freight for the
delivery of orders depending on the volume of order. A minimum of Php300.00 or $4 for
orders below Php10,000 pesos or $20. Charges is based on the total amount.

CEO Observation
The consolidation of online and within company sales reports takes time to be submitted to
their office. The inventory reports and purchased orders, are also not updated. The CEO
aims to have a clear presentation of financial reports.

You work as a project manager for a business consultancy company which has won the
contract to develop the new system. You work with many other analysts as part of a
development team to address the need of the company. The CEO is looking forward for an
updated report both in sales and inventory, and analytics of their products as to what are
salable, not salable, and products that are seasonal in nature.

You will manage the project, analyze the current scenario and design stage of the new system.
Your first task is to update the in-house team on the developments in new methodologies used
to analyze systems. Most of the in-house team use only the more traditional approaches and
few are fully aware of the agile methodologies which are growing in popularity.

Your task is to produce a written report which will cover the following:

1. Discuss the business environment of the company.

2. Describe in detail the nature of their business processes.
3. As a project manager, you will produce a separate report for the CEO, which provides
a critical evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current system the
company is using and proposed system. This will include the transition problems
faced by organizations that move from the hybrid to the fully automated system, so
that the transition can be prepared for and managed if the current system changes.
The CEO also wants to know if the number of employees could still be a problem if
fully automated system is in place.

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Requirements

1. You will act as a project manager, programmer, systems analyst and document in-
charge. You need to prepare the following document.

Chapter 1 THE COMPANY

 Company Profile, which contains the historical background of the company (you can
add information for as long it relates to the scenario), the owner’s profile (you can
also add information about the name of the company and its office location) and the
current major business processes of the organization; visualize the organizational
chart of the company; and the business environment will discuss the nature of
business, the list products they sell, list of dummy suppliers, business location
(provided by you), the number of employees currently working in the company and
the number of clients they cater in a day.
 Description of the Existing System (Business Process), which discusses the detailed
processes for sales and inventory and are categorize according to each task. This
might contain multiple pages.
 Data Flow Diagram (Existing System) and the Level 0 Context Diagram

Chapter 2 THE PROBLEM

 Based on the scenario, identify at least three (3) business process problems, provide
discussion or justifications what makes it a problem. Remember that problems must
be based on the description of the existing system.

Chapter 1 Chapter 1
THE COMPANY THE COMPANY

Company Profile Organizational Chart

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Chapter 1 Chapter 1
THE COMPANY THE COMPANY

Business Environment Description of the Existing System

Chapter 1 Chapter 1
THE COMPANY THE COMPANY

Data Flow Diagram Context Flow Diagram (Level 0)

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Chapter 2 Chapter 2
THE PROBLEM THE PROBLEM

Problem Statement 1 Problem Statement 2

- Provide justifications and - Provide justifications and

example example

Chapter 2 Chapter 2
THE PROBLEM THE PROBLEM

Problem Statement 3 Problem Statement 4

- Provide justifications and - Provide justifications and

example example

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2. Documentation Style which will apply to the entire document.

- A4-sized bond paper

- For Pre-defense : Transparent folder 1 copy
- For Final defense : Transparent folder 1 copy
- For Submission : Ring bound, white transparent cover, black spring
- Font : Arial, Times New Roman, or Tahoma
- Cover Page Title : 16, BOLD
- Chapter/Heading Title : 14, BOLD
- Sub-heading : 13
- Paragraphs : 12
- Page numbers : bottom-center of the page
- Margins : Top, Right and Bottom: 1 inch ; Left: 1.5

3. Submission Date is posted in the Quipper/Schoology LMS.

Nutshell

In the first three (3) weeks, kindly tell me briefly what you have learned?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Questions / Issues Answers
1.

2.

3.

KEYWORDS INDEX

SDLC SA DFD

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Self-Help: You can refer to the sources below to help you further understand
the lesson.

Tiley, S. and Rosenblatt H (2017). Systems Analysis and Design, 11th Ed

Coronel, C. (2017). Database systems: design, implementation, and management. Australia :

Cengage Learning.
Cobb, C. (2015). The project manager's guide to mastering agile : principles and practices for
an adaptive approach. Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley.
Wasson, Charles (2015). System Analysis, Design and Development Concepts, Principles
and Practices, ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniofmindanao-ebooks

Stephens, R. (2015). Beginning software engineering. Retrieved from

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Mili, A., & Tchier, F. (2015). Software testing : concepts and operations. Retrieved from
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Kendall K., Kendall J. (2014). Systems Analysis and Design ( 9 th ed.), Pearson Education,
Singapore
Gajo D. (2014). Systems Analysis and Design course site:
https://sites.google.com/a/umindanao.edu.ph/systems-analysis-and-design/home

Siau, Keng et al (2014). System Analysis & Design: People, Processes and Projects,
ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniofmindanao-ebooks
Roth, Roberta M. (2013). System analysis and design. 5 th edition. Singapore: John Wiley &
Sons
https://www.guru99.com/mis-types-information-system.html.

Internet Sources

W3Computing (2020). System Analysis and Design (SAD) Tutorial, Retrieved May 18, 2020
from https://www.w3computing.com/systemsanalysis/

Lynch, Warren (2019). Data Flow Diagram Comprehensive Guide with Examples, Retrieved
May 18, 2020 from https://medium.com/@warren2lynch/data-flow-diagram-comprehensive-
guide-with-examples-d9858387f25e

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Let’s Check

Now that you know the most essential terms and essential knowledge on System Analysis and
Design. Let us try to check your understanding of the lessons presented. Write the correct
term/s being asked in the following statements. Then provide 1 or 2 sentences to support your
answer.

___________1. You conduct an actual observation of the current flow of processes in the
organization, in what phase you are?

Brief Support
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________2. You failed to capture essential forms, receipts, etc. as proof of the
documentation, in what phase you need to go back?

Brief Support
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________3. You send a communication letter to the company to formally conduct an

interview and administer survey questionnaires to the possible users of the system, in what
phase you are now?

Brief Support
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________4. During the data gathering, you found out that some of the employees who
will be the users of the system are hesitant of the management’s venture to computerization,
what role you should play to these employees? What advise you can provide to change their
mind set?

Brief Support

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___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

___________5. During your conversation with the management, the proposed computerized
system they want is not futuristic considering the fast changing of technology. As a Systems
Analyst, how you will convince the management of your idea? What role you play in the
scenario?

Brief Support

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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CO 2: Apply appropriate modelling tools and methodologies to solve the

identified problems to business process.

Week 4 - 5: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): at the end of the unit, you are expected to

a. Examine various tools and methods and select appropriate method to

specifically solve the identified problems.

BIG PICTURE in Focus: ULO a. Examine various tools and methods and select
appropriate tools and methods to specifically solve the identified problems.
.

Metalanguage

In the previous section, you have learned the roles and qualities of the Systems Analyst, why
there is a need for System Analysis and Design and the roles you play in System
Development Life Cycle. In this section, you will learn the modelling tools and
methodologies under Systems Analysis and Design and the various methodologies to help
design and develop the system appropriate for the organization’s requirements. The terms
below will help you understand the discussion within this section.

System modelling refers to the process of developing an abstract model of a system, which
views various perspective of such system.

System development methodology is the framework used to present the steps of the
studying the development of an information system.

Structured analysis and design technique refer to the systems engineering method to
describe the hierarchical components of solving the system requirements.

Essential Knowledge

To attain the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes a) for the fourth to fifth week of
the course, you need to fully understand the system design, system development and the
various methodologies for development and its uses. Those with internet connection, you can
download the lecture materials uploaded in the BB LMS and you can research through online
databases like ebrary, or proquest in the UM LIC portal to access the references listed in the
syllabus.

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Let’s Begin

Prior to the discussion of the various methodologies, lets recall that in phase 4 of the Systems
Development Life Cycle, the analyst has to transform the requirements specifications into a
logical design.

The Logical Design pertains to the flow of data from input to output, database structure,
Entity-Relationship diagram modelling and Unified Modelling Language (UML)-USE
CASES and Gantt Chart.

The ERD refers to the graphical representation of the database structure that depicts
relationship between tables in the database. The purpose of ERD is to validate that there is a
good database design. The relationship is represented by the following symbols.

The UML refers to the standardized modeling language which consist of set of integrated
diagrams to help the developers in visualizing and documenting the artifacts of the
information system.

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Sample Entity-Relationship Diagram

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Sample USE CASE

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Gantt Chart
- is very important tools to show the project plan and the progress of the activities.

Sample Gantt Chart

Week
Gantt Chart 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
System
Requirements
System Analysis
System Design
System
Development
Implementation

After creating the design, the analyst and the programmers work with the users to develop the
full functionality of the system, the help tool, and the procedure manuals. The programmers
will have to design the interface, code the system and make sure it’s free of errors. The
software documentation must be developed and addressed the questions the users have raised
since they are the part of the study since the start of the phase. This documentation will tell
the users to the system be installed, how to use it and what to do when problems occur during
implementation.

There are various methodologies to use appropriate for efficient development.

Most Popular SDLC Model

1. Waterfall model
2. V-shape model
3. Incremental Life cycle model
4. Spiral Model
5. Iterative Model
6. Big bang Model
7. Agile Model

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Waterfall Model

When to USE waterfall?

1. When requirements are clearly defined

2. Schedule and budget are defined
3. Team members are numerous or will change often

V-Shape Model

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Incremental Life Cycle Model

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Spiral Model

Iterative Model

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Big bang Model

Agile Model

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 SCRUM is an agile way to manage a project, usually software development.

 Complete detailed descriptions of the project relied to the Scrum Software
development team because the team will know best how to solve the problem they are
presented.
 The SCRUM relies on self-organizing and cross-functional team. Self-organizing
means that there is no overall team leader who decides which person will do which
task or how a problem will be solved. While cross-functional means the team’s idea
is needed to take a systems feature to implement.

System Development Methodologies

• Rapid Application Development (RAD)

• Dynamic Systems Development Methodology (DSDM)
• Joint Application Development (JAD)
• Prototype Model
• Rational Unified Process
• Extreme Programming (XP)
• Feature Driven Development
• Lean Development

Rapid Application Development

 Provides faster development with a higher quality outcome. It’s main goal is to
accelerate the entire development process and make the development more achievable
by allowing active participation of the users in the development process.

Advantages
 It helps reduce the risk and less efforts on the software developer
 Encourages customer feedback for improvement

Disadvantages
 Needs a strong team and experts to software development
 Applicable only for modular type of system
 Cost of Modelling and code generation is high
 Not applicable for projects with lesser budget allocation

Dynamic Systems Development Model Methodology

 A software methodology based on RAD but a type of iterative and incremental
approach that highlights user involvement in a continuous manner.

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 It’s main goal is to deliver the system on time and within budget.
 It believes in a philosophy that “nothing is developed perfectly in the first attempt and
considers as ever-changing process”.

Advantages
 High involvement of users in the systems development
 Quickly delivered functionality of the system and according to intervals
 Easy access to end-users
 Projects are delivered on time and on budget

Disadvantages
 Training of users in every part of development is costly
 Process is not easy to understand

Joint Application Development

 A type of methodology that focuses on requirement-definition and user-interface,
where the developers, the direct clients and authorized end-users participates an
offsite scheduled meeting together to work with the software system.
 It’s main goal like other methods is to involve the client in the design and
development of the system through a series of joint efforts and workshops.
 It focuses on the business problems than the technical details.
 This is applicable in any type of business applications.

Advantages
 Allows the simultaneous gathering and associating volumes of information.
 Produces volumes of information in a high quality.
 There is an organizer that resolves differences and issues

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 Encourages various perspectives through a forum

Disadvantages
 Time consuming for it requires significant planning and scheduling
 Needs significant commitment from investor in relation to time and effort
 Requires experts and trained team to work the entire project

Prototype Model
 A method main goal is to allow the programmers create first the prototype of the
system and presents its functionality to the end-users, open for adjustments prior to
the actual development of the application.

Advantages
 The prototype shows the clear look and feel understanding of the system to end-users
especially those who have less technical knowledge.
 Less risk of failure as it will be identified during the presentation of its functionality
 Appropriate to those projects with minimal or lack of documentation as proof during
requirement analysis.

Disadvantages
 More efforts will be exerted on the part of the developer for developing the prototype
and updating changes
 User involvement is not the main focus

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 Caused various changes that might distract the workflow of the entire development
team.

Rational Unified Process

 A type of method that is object-oriented and web-enabled software development
 Divides the development process in to distinct parts: 1) business modelling 2)
analysis and design 3) implementation 4) testing and deployment
 It helps provides the developers the guidelines, models, and examples during
software development

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Advantages
 Focuses on accurate documentation
 Proactively solve projects risks by associating client’s requirements and request for
possible changes
 Integration process is done in the development process

Disadvantages
 An expert developer is needed to develop the software
 Has Complex and unorganized development process
 Confusions and issues occur during testing

Extreme Programming
 A type of agile engineering method known as XP used when developing a software
within a very unstable environment that is why it allows flexibility.
 Its main objective is to lessen the cost of software requirements.

Advantages

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 Focuses on client’s involvement

 Helps to establish stable plans and schedules to take developers commitment
 Captures the most modern development methods that is why the developers have able
to create quality application

Disadvantages
 Only effective when people involved are also that effective, which cannot be solve
with agile
 Requires meeting more frequently
 Requires too much changes in the development, which caused difficulty on the part of
the developer
 Hard to estimate exact work efforts for the entire scope and projects requirements are
not well established.

Feature Driven Development (FDD)

 a development method in an iterative manner, which is primarily used by large teams
utilizing the object-oriented technology.
 This is applicable to the organizations who are transitioning from a phased-based to
an iterative approach.

Disadvantages
 Not appropriate for a small project
 Developer should be fully equipped with designing, developing, consulting,
mentoring, etc
 Does not provide written documentation to clients

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Lean Development
 Focuses on the development of easily changeable application.
 A method that focuses on strategies and aim to develop a software in a less time, with
limited budget and less workflow is required.

Advantages
 Help speed up the process of software development that leads to a reduced cost of the
project
 Developer able to deliver the software functionality in a shorter time that leads to
more projects to deliver
 The motivation of the team leads to an efficient decision-making ability

Disadvantages
 Success of the projects depends on the project team
 Business analyst role is vital for determining business requirements

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Let’s Analyze

Based on the scenario given, select the appropriate methodology to use in the software
development. Provide at least five (5) computing solutions to the problems identified in
Chapter 2. Indicate in your solution the type of methods to use and the coverage of the
system development. Below must be the content of the document.

Chapter 3 THE SOLUTION

System Development Methodology
System Objectives
System Requirements
Entity Relationship Diagram
System Design
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

System Development Methodology System Objective 1

- Indicate the appropriate method - Provide justifications and

and discuss its advantage to the example
project

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

System Objective 3 System Objective 2

- Provide justifications and - Indicate the appropriate method

example and discuss its advantage to the
project
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
THE PROBLEM THE PROBLEM

System Objective 5 Scope and Limitation

- Provide justifications and - Discuss the scope and limitation

example of the system

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UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

System Objective 4 System Objective 5

- Indicate the appropriate method - Indicate the appropriate method

and discuss its advantage to the and discuss its advantage to the
project project

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

System Requirements Entity Relationship Diagram

- Discuss the hardware and - Discuss the database structure

software specifications, and provide the Entity
- Also discuss the network Relationship Diagram
infrastructure requirements

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

Systems Design Scope and Limitation

- Present the USE Case of the - Discuss the scope and limitation
system of the system

Gant Chart

49
 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Self-Help: You can refer to the sources below to help you further understand
the lesson.

Tiley, S. and Rosenblatt H (2017). Systems Analysis and Design, 11th Ed

Coronel, C. (2017). Database systems: design, implementation, and management. Australia :

Cengage Learning.
Cobb, C. (2015). The project manager's guide to mastering agile : principles and practices for
an adaptive approach. Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley.
Wasson, Charles (2015). System Analysis, Design and Development Concepts, Principles
and Practices, ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniofmindanao-ebooks

Stephens, R. (2015). Beginning software engineering. Retrieved from

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

Mili, A., & Tchier, F. (2015). Software testing : concepts and operations. Retrieved from
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Kendall K., Kendall J. (2014). Systems Analysis and Design ( 9 th ed.), Pearson Education,
Singapore

Gajo D. (2014). Systems Analysis and Design course site:

https://sites.google.com/a/umindanao.edu.ph/systems-analysis-and-design/home

Siau, Keng et al (2014). System Analysis & Design: People, Processes and Projects,
ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniofmindanao-ebooks

Roth, Roberta M. (2013). System analysis and design. 5 th edition. Singapore: John Wiley &
Sons

Internet Sources

W3Computing (2020). System Analysis and Design (SAD) Tutorial, Retrieved May 18, 2020
from https://www.w3computing.com/systemsanalysis/

TatvaSoft(2015). Top 12 Software Development Methodologies and its Advantages /

Disadvantages, Retrieve May 18, 2020 from https://www.tatvasoft.com/blog/top-12-software-
development-methodologies-and-its-advantages-disadvantages/#anchor4

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 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

CO 3: Develop an information system significant to the existing environment

of the organization.
.

Week 6-7: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): at the end of the unit, you are expected to

b. Design the user interface of the system and its functions according to the users’
requirements.

BIG PICTURE in Focus: ULO a. Design the user interface of the system and its
functions according the users’ requirements.
.

Metalanguage

In the previous section, you have identified the business process problems and computing
solutions. In this section, you design the user interface of the system using the software
specification. The terms below will help you understand the discussion within this section.

User Interface refers to the human-computer interaction, where users able to interact with
the system showing the screen display, menus, buttons, and other interface.

Graphical User Interface is an interactive visual design that conveys information and
provides actions to the user.

System Prototype is a working new model of a system, which represents the functions of an
application.

Essential Knowledge

To attain the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes a) for the sixth to seventh week of
the course, you need to create a system design through a graphical user interface showing the
human-computer interface. Those with internet connection, you can download the lecture
materials uploaded in the BB LMS and you can research through online databases like ebrary,
or proquest in the UM LIC portal to access the references listed in the syllabus.

In this section, you will present the design and discuss the functionality of the transaction and
reports module. You will prepare a document as a continuation of the previous chapter

51
 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

Systems Prototype System Prototype

- Log-in Module - Dashboard

Ex. Products in Critical Level

Sales Analytics

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

Systems Prototype System Prototype

- Admin Module - User Module

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

Systems Prototype System Prototype

- POS Module Reports Module

- Can be one or more pages - Can be one or more pages
Ex. Ex. Sales Report
Order Product Inventory Reports
Add cart Financial Reports
Purchase Reports

52
 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

CO 3: Develop an information system significant to the existing environment

of the organization.
.

Week 8-18: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): at the end of the unit, you are expected to

a. Design the utility module of the system providing the users the security of the
system.

BIG PICTURE in Focus: ULO a. Design the utility module of the system
providing the users the security of the system.

Metalanguage

In the previous section, you have designed the user interface of the system using the software
specification. In this week, you develop the security features of the system. The terms below
will help you understand the discussion within this section.

Source codes refers to the statements or commands found in the computer program that is
coded by the programmer using any of the programming language as identified in the
software specification requirements.

Security in this section, it refers to backing-up the database and restoring for future use.

Utility module is a module where the security, user management and product management
are found.

Essential Knowledge

To attain the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes a) for the sixth to seventh week of
the course, you need to create a system design through a graphical user interface showing the
human-computer interface. Those with internet connection, you can download the lecture
materials uploaded in the Quipper/Schoology LMS and you can research through online
databases like ebrary, or proquest in the UM Digos LIC portal to access the references listed
in the syllabus.

Once the transmission will pass through the network, vulnerability became higher especially
in the cyber space, that is why there is a need to secure the data. It is a standard procedure for
the system to include security in the information system.

Cyber Security

53
 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

 Is a means to defend the computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems,

networks and data that are travelling in the network from any malicious attacks.
 This term is also known as information security, which will apply in various context.

Common Categories of Cyber Security

1. Network Security, securing computers in a network from unauthorized individuals.
2. Application Security, keeping the software and network devices free of threats.
3. Information Security, a means to protect the integrity and keep the privacy of data
both in computer and during transmission.
4. Operational Security, set of rules and procedures how the data are being used, stored
and shared.

In this section, you will present the design and discuss the functionality of the utility module
and show the system source codes. You will prepare a document as a continuation of the
previous chapter. You will submit the entire the document online and present your system
through the Google Collab.

Chapter 3 Chapter 3
THE SOLUTION THE SOLUTION

Systems Prototype System Prototype

- User management Module - Product management module

Chapter 3 Chapter 4
THE SOLUTION CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Systems Prototype
Conclusion
- Utility module (back-up and
restore)

Recommendation

54
 Department of Technical Programs
UM Digos College
Roxas Extension, Digos City
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 118

Chapter 5
Chapter 5
SOURCE CODES
SOURCE CODES

- Can be more than 5 pages

Course Schedules

Activity Date Where to submit

COURSE OUTCOME A
ULO 1 and 2: Let’s Check September 4, 2020 Course Facilitator
ULO 1 and 2: In a Nutshell September 4, 2020 Course Facilitator
COURSE OUTCOME B
ULO 1: Let’s Analyze September 18, 2020 Course Facilitator
COURSE OUTCOME C
ULO 1 December 2020 Course Facilitator
ULO 2 December 2020 Course Facilitator

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