TUTORIAL 5.

1 (a)

1 The figure shows a bob of a simple pendulum is swinging

between point A and point C.

One oscillation is counted when it oscillating from

A A to B Base on the figure above, which distance represents the

B A to C amplitude?
C A to C and back C to B
D A to C and back C to A 7 The diagram shows how displacement varies with time.
2 The figure shows a bob of a simple pendulum is swinging
between point P and point Q. It takes 13.8 s to swing from P
to Q and back to P twenty times

What is the period of the pendulum?

Which of the following is true?
A 0.69 s B 1.38 s
C 1.45 s D 27.6 s Amplitude/ m Period / s Frequency / Hz

3 The figure shows a pendulum is swinging. The time taken A 0 .1 0.50 2

from the rest position M to its maximum displacement N is B 0.2 0.50 1
2.0 s. C 0.1 0.25 4
D 0.2 0.50 2

8 The period of oscillations of a simple pendulum increases

when the ________________________ increases.

A length of the pendulum

What is the period of the pendulum? B mass of the bob of the pendulum
C acceleration due to gravity
A 2.0 s B 4.0 s D amplitude of the oscillations of the pendulum
C 6.0 s D 8.0 s

4 A child on a swing makes 20 complete swings in 30 seconds.

What is the frequency of the oscillation? 9 The figure shows P,Q,R and S are four pendulums of different
lengths and masses of the bob.
1 1
A Hz B Hz
3 2
2 3
C Hz D Hz
3 2
Which pendulum swings the slowest?

5 Diagram shows a graph of wave motion A P B Q

C R D S

10 Pak Abu has a pendulum clock as shown in the diagram

below.

Every day it was observed that the clock was slow about 2
Which quantities are shown by distances P and Q? minutes.
P Q
A amplitude period
B amplitude wavelength
C wavelength period
D wavelength frequency 1
 To correct the clock Pak Abu

A raised the position of the bob

B lowest the position of the bob
C increased the mass of the bob
D decreased the mass of the bob

11 The figure shows a simple pendulum.

Which of the following is not true when the bob is displaced

and released ?
Which of the following is true?
A At point B ,the bob has the highest velocity
B The time taken to move from to A to B same as from B
A The amplitude of oscillation is 20 cm
to C.
B The period of oscillation is the taken to
C The gravitational potential energy at A same as at C
move from A to C
D The gravitational potential energy at A same as the
C The frequency of oscillation increases when the length
kinetic energy at B
of pendulum decreases
18 The figure shows five pendulums that are hung from the wire
12 A spring is loaded with a weight of 40 g takes 0.6 s to make
MN. The pendulum P is displaced and released.
a complete swing. What is the time of a complete swing of the
spring , when the spring is carried out to the surface of the
Moon?
( g earth = 1 g moon )
6
A 0.1 s B 0.6 s
C 3.6 s D 4.2 s

13 The vibration frequency of a piece of jigsaw blade with

plasticine ball at its end is not depends on

A the length of the jigsaw blade Which of the pendulums will oscillate with the highest
B the stiffness of the jigsaw blade amplitude?
C the mass of the plasticine ball
D the acceleration due to gravity A Pendulum W B Pendulum X
C Pendulum Y D Pendulum Z
14 What energy changes take place when a load hang at the end
of a spring is displaced downwards and released to make 19 Which of the following physical quantities has a maximum
vertical vibrations? value when resonance occurs?

A Gravitational Potential Energy  Kinetic energy  A frequency B period

Elastic Potential Energy C amplitude D acceleration
B Kinetic energy Gravitational Potential Energy  20 A spring vibrates at a natural frequency 50 Hz. Resonance
Elastic Potential Energy occurs when the frequency of forced vibrations on the spring
C Gravitational Potential Energy  Kinetic energy  is
Gravitational Potential Energy
D Elastic Potential Energy  Kinetic energy  Elastic A 0 Hz B 25 Hz
Potential Energy C 50 Hz D 100 Hz
15 The figure shows a pendulum is swinging.
21 The figure shows the arrangement of the apparatus to show
the phenomenon of resonance but the resonance not occurs.

At which point does the bob of the pendulum have both of

kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy? To improve the experiment ,

16 The figure shows a simple pendulum of length 40 cm. A the pendulums are oscillated with a maximum speed
A metal rod R is clamped at R to make OR = 20 cm. B the iron rod is replaced by a string
C increase the mass of the bobs

2
22 Diagram shows two identical tuning forks side by side in a
laboratory. When a student knocks on the first fork, the
vibrations of the first fork have forced the second fork to
oscillate with its maximum amplitude.

Which phenomenon will best describe the situation?

A Damping B Resonance
C Modulation D Echo

23 Which of the following phenomenon is not caused by

resonance ?

A The violent vibrations of a washing machine at some

spin speeds
B The tuning circuits in TV and radio sets work at the
frequency of the station you select
C The wind instruments produce sound by forcing the air
inside the tube 27 The figure shows a mass hanging from a spring is immersed
D The shock absorbers in cars cause oscillations to die in water.
down after a car has gone over a bump in the road

24 A system is oscillating at its natural frequency without

damping.
What happens to the total energy of the oscillating system?

A It remains constant
Which of the following graph shows the vibrations the
B It decreases
spring ?
C It increases

25 As the amplitude decreases the ______________ decrease.

A period B frequency
C energy D number of
oscillations

26 Diagram shows a pendulum oscillates between an equilibrium

position, O ,experiences a damping effect.

28 The figure shows a paper cone filled with water attached to

spring. The paper cone has a hole at its end.

Which of the following amplitude against time is correct?

3
 ............................................................
(ii) between B and C
............................................................

30 Diagram 30.1 shows a girl swing at a play ground.

Diagram 30.2 shows the displacement-time graph of the
oscillating swing in Diagram 31.1.

Which of the following graph shows the vibrations the spring

while the water droplet drop from the hole?

Diagram 30.1

Diagram 30.2
29 Diagram 29 shows a simple pendulum which consists of a bob
of mass 40.0 g at the end of a light inelastic string of length (a) Determine the amplitude of the oscilltion in Diagram 30.1
20.0 cm. The pendulum makes 20 complete oscillations in 5.0 a = ………………….m
s. (b) Complete the statement below by ticking ( ) the correct
box.
Based on Diagram 30.2 , the oscillation by the swing is

forced oscillation

damped oscillation
Diagram 29 (c) State one physical quantity that remains constant in the
oscillation stated in (b).
(a) By using the letters A,B and C in the Diagram 29 state ………………………………………………..
the (d) From the graph in Diagram 30.2
(i) determine the period oscillation , T.
(i) equilibrium position
...........................................................
(ii) the meaning of period (ii) calculate the frequency oscilattion , f.
…………………………………………..
(b) What is the frequency of the oscillations of the
pendulum ?
TUTORIAL 5.1 (b)
(c) What is the frequency of the oscillations of the
pendulum when a bob of mass 50.0 g is used? 1 Which of the following is the transverse wave different from
the longitudinal wave?
(d) What happens to the frequency of the oscillations of the
pendulum when the length of the pendulum is 80.0 cm ? A speed
............................................................................ B period
(e) After a while the pendulum stops to oscillate . C amplitude
(i) Explain why? D direction of vibration of the particles and direction of
................................................................... wave propagation
...................................................................
(f) Plot a graph displacement – time to show why the 2 The figure shows a cork floating in a water tank.
pendulum stops to oscillate.

(g) State the form of energy when the pendulum

(i) at B

4
 Which figure shows the movement of the cork when the wave
passes? 6 Which of the following produces longitudinal
waves ?

7 Which diagram shows an example of a

longitudinal wave ?
3 The figure shows a slinky spring is moved backwards and
downwards to produce a model of a wave. A Light traveling from a lamp to a
screen.

Which of the following is true? B A water ripple caused by a dipper moving up and down
Type of wave direction of the wave
propagation
compare with the spring
vibration C A spring pushed backwards and forwards

A Longitudinal Parallel
B Longitudinal Perpendicular D A spring pushed up and down
C Transverse Parallel
D Transverse Perpendicular

4 In which of the following pairs is the first wave motion

transverse and the second wave motion longitudinal?
Transverse Longitudinal 8 The figure shows a cross-section of a water wave.

A Light Radio
B Infra-red Ultra-violet
C X-ray Sound
D Micro Ripples
Which points are one wavelength apart?
5 Diagram shows two consecutive photographs of a
loudspeaker with a lighted candle in front of it. A P and R B Q and S
C Q and T D P and T

9 Diagram shows a wave pattern.

Which of the distances labelled A, B, C or D, represents one
wavelength

The observations on the candle flame show that sound waves

are

A polarized waves
B transverse waves
C longitudinal waves
D electromagnetic waves

5
10 Diagram shows the layers of air when waves are produced by 14 A dolphin emits an ultrasonic wave with a wavelength of
a vibrating tuning fork. 0.01 m. The speed of ultrasonic wave in water is
Which distance represents one wavelength? 1 500 ms-1.
What is the frequency of the ultrasound?

A 1.5 x 101 Hz B 3.0 x 101 Hz

C 1.5 x 105 Hz D 3.0 x 105 Hz

15 Diagram shows a boy producing a transverse wave along a

long string by vibrating one
end of the string.

11 The figure shows a model of a wave produce by a

slinky spring.

What is the wavelength ?

If the boy’s hand moves up-and-down four complete cycles
A 15 cm B 30 cm per second, what is the speed
C 45 cm D 60 cm of the transverse wave along the string?
12 A 3 ms-1 B 6 ms-1
-1
C 12 ms D 14 ms-1
16 The figure shows a wave front pattern produced by a dipper
vibrating at a frequency of 12 Hz in a ripple tank.
Based on the figure above , which of the following is true?
Amplitude Wavelength
A 6 cm 8 cm
B 6 cm 11 cm
C 3 cm 8 cm
D 3 cm 11 cm

13 Which diagram shows a transverse wave with amplitude 4

cm and wavelength 8 cm? What is the speed of the waves?

A 2 cm s-1 A 8 cm s-1
C 12 cm s-1 D 18 cm s-1

17 Diagram shows waves in a slinky spring when the spring is

vibrated at 5 Hz

What is the speed of the wave ?

A 30 cms-1 B 40 cms-1
C 60 cms-1 D 120 cms-1

18 The figure shows a transverse wave is produced a long rope

by a student. The student’s hand make 10 complete up and
down movements in 1.0 s

6
 24 A water wave of wavelength 6 cm travels with a speed 12 cm
s-1 from shallow water to deep water. At the shallow water
the speed of the wave is 20 cm s-1. What is the wavelength of
the wave at shallow water?

A 8 cm B 10 cm
C 12 cm D 16 cm
What is the speed of the wave?
25 The figure shows a loudspeaker produces a sound with a
frequency 300 Hz
A 0.5 ms-1 B 2.0 ms-1
C 4.0 ms-1 D 10 ms-1

19 The diagram shows the straight lines represent the positions ,

at one instant , of successive crests of plane waves traveling Which of the following is true?
on water. The waves travel at distance 45.0 cm in 3.0 s.
A The transverse wave is produced
B X is a rarefaction region
C The wavelength is 1.2 m
D The speed of the sound is 250 ms-1
26 The figure shows a graph displacement- time of water waves.

What is the frequency of the water waves?

A 30 Hz B 15 Hz
C 7.5 Hz D 2.5 Hz

20 A mechanical stroboscope has 12 slits and rotates at a

frequency 5 Hz. The stroboscope is used to observe water
waves. The observer notes there are 6 successive bright bands
at a distance 20 cm. Calculate the speed of the water waves. Which of the following is true?

A 60 cms-1 B 120 cms-1 C A The period of the water wave to vibrating is

180 cms-1 D 240 cms-1 25 s
B The amplitude of the water wave is 0.4 m
21 Which graph shows the relationship between frequency, f and C The frequency of the water wave is 0.05 Hz
wavelength ,λ of a wave? D The wavelength of the water wave is 20 m

27 Diagram 27 shows a longitudinal wave produced by a slinky

spring.

Diagram 27

(i) What is a longitudinal wave?

22 A dipper moving up and down makes waves in a ripple tank. ............................................................................
What will happen when the dipper frequency is decreased? (ii) What are P and Q ?
P :………….............….........................................
A The waves will be far apart each other Q : …………….....................................................
B The waves will be closer together (iii) What is the wavelength of the wave
C The wave peaks will be higher and the troughs lower
D The wave peaks will be lower and the troughs higher
20 Diagram 28 shows a graph displacement-distance for a
23 A vibrator produces a water wave vibrates 20 vibrations per transverse wave.
second. When the frequency of the vibrator is increased by 2
times , what happen to the wavelength of the water wave?

A ½ of its initial wavelength

B same as its initial wavelength
C 2 times of its initial wavelength
D 4 times of its initial wavelength

7
 Diagram 28

(a) On diagram 28 ,mark

(i) the direction of vibration of the particles and the
direction of wave propagation .
(ii) two points vibrate in phase.

(b) Give one example of the transverse wave .

.....................................................................
(c) Determine
(i) the amplitude

Diagram 30
(ii) the wavelength
(a) Underline the correct word in the bracket to complete
the sentence below.
Water wave is a (longitudinal, transverse) wave.
(d) What is the speed of the wave when the frequency is 25
Hz. (b) (i) Complete the rays in Diagram 30 to show
how the light rays pass through the water waves to
form a bright line on the white screen.
(f) Give one example of the natural phenomenon to show (ii) Mark on the white screen in
that a wave transfer energy. Diagram 30 to show the wavelength of the water
............................................................................ wave. Label the wavelength using the symbol λ.
............................................................................ (c) Name the instrument used to freeze the motion
of the water waves.
…………………………………………………
29 Diagram 29 shows a student setting up waves on a long elastic (d) Explain why the depth of water in ripple tank be
cord . The student’s hand makes 5 complete up-and -down uniform throughout?
movement in 2. 5 s, and in each up-and-down movement the …………………………………………………
hand moves through a height of 0.4 m. (e) Explain the best way how the wavelength is
P , Q, R, S and T are the points marked on the cord. measured on the screen.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

Diagram 29

(a) What type of wave is produced by the cord?

…………………………………………………
(b) State two points that out of phase.
…………………………………………………
(c) Determine
(i) the amplitude

(ii) the frequency

(iii) the speed of the wave

(d) What happens to distance of PR when frequency of the

waves increase?
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
30 Diagram 30 shows a cross section of water waves in a ripple
tank.

8
 3 Which figure shows the correct pattern of reflected water
waves?

TUTORIAL 5.3

1 The figure shows a set of a plane waves arriving at a plane 4 Diagram shows plane water waves travelling towards an L-
reflector placed in a ripple tank. shaped barrier in a ripple tank.

Which figure shows correctly the reflected waves? Which diagram shows the reflected wave pattern?

2 Which diagram shows how water waves would be reflected by

a plane barrier?
5 Which diagram shows the correct pattern of reflected water
waves?

9
 C 50o D 700

9 The figure shows two mirrors X and Y inclined to each other

at 900 . A ray of light falls upon miror X.

What is the value of the angle of the incidence upon mirror

Y?

A 15o B 30o
C 45o D 600
6 The figure shows a set of a plane waves arriving at a plane 10 Diagram shows a ray of light being reflected by a plane mirror
reflector placed in a ripple tank. PQ. The mirror is then rotated 10º anticlockwise.

Which of the following will change?

A wavelength B speed of wave

C wave direction D frequency of What is the new angle of reflection of the ray of light?
wave A 20 B 30
C 40 D 50

11 The figure shows the apparatus is used to investigate the

7 The diagram shows a single ray of light being directed at a reflection of sound waves. At what position of the cardboard
plane mirror. tube is adjusted until a loud ticking sound of the stopwatch is
heard?

What are the angles of incidence and reflection?

Angle of Angle of
incidence reflection
A 35o 55o
B 55o 35o
12 Echo is a phenomenon caused by
C 35o 35o
D 55o 55o
A the refraction of sound waves
o B the reflection of sound waves
8 The diagram shows a mirror is titled at an angle of 50 to the
C the diffraction of sound waves
bench. A ray of light is directed so that it hits the mirror at an
D the polarization of sound waves
angle of 20o to the surface of the mirror.
13 The figure shows a sound wave is reflected from a brick wall.

What is the angle of reflection?

Compared with the incident wave, the reflected wave has
A 20o B 40o

10
 (i) State the wave phenomenon that occurred.
A a greater amplitude …………………………………………...
B a shorter wavelength (ii) State the change in the amplitude and
C the same speed frequency of the water wave after it hit the barrier.
D the same velocity
Amplitude
14 Diagram shows a sound wave reflected from a barrier. …………………………………………...
Frequency
…………………………………………...
(iii) Complete Diagram 16.2 to show the
wave pattern of the water wave after colliding
with the barrier.

Comparing with the incident wave, the reflected wave has

A a smaller velocity
B the same frequency 17 Diagram 17 shows the light ray MO directed to a plane mirror.
C a bigger amplitude
D a shorter wavelength

15 What happens to the frequency and loudness of sound waves

when it is reflected?
Diagram 17
Frequency Loudness
(a) Complete the sentence below by ticking (  ) the
A Unchanged Decreases correct box.
B Increases Decreases Wave classification for light wave is
C Unchanged Increases longitudinal wave
D Increases Unchanged
transverse wave
16 (a) Diagram 16.1 shows plane water waves is
produced by a vibrating wooden bar vibrates at a rate (b) Based on Diagram 17 choose the correct reflected wave.
15 waves per second. ............................................................................
(c) Complete the sentences below by ticking (  ) the
correct box.
Upon reflection , the speed of light
remains unchanged

increases

decreases

Diagram 16.1 (d) What is transferred by the wave?

.......................................................................
On Diagram 16.1, 18 Diagram 18 shows a photograph of reeds growing
(i) mark the direction of the propagation of the water in a pond. The image of the reeds can be seen in the water
waves.
(ii) determine the wavelength of the waves.
…………………………………………
(iii) calculate the speed of the water waves.

(b) Diagram16.2 the plane water waves produced

in Diagram 16.1 propagates towards a barrier.
Diagram 18
Based on the observations above ;
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis .
(c) With the use of apparatus such as plane mirror , ray box
, white paper and other apparatus, describe an
experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis
stated in (b).In your description, state slearly the
following :
i) Aim of the experiment.
Diagram 16.2 ii) Variables in the experiment.
iii) List of apparatus and materials.

11
 iv) Arrangement of the apparatus. B The frequency of the waves unchanged
v) The procedure of the experiment which include C The wavelength of the waves increases
the method of controlling the manipulated variable D The speed of the waves increases
and the method of measuring the responding
variable.
vi) The way you would tabulate the data.
vii) The way you would analyse the data
5 Diagram shows water waves propagate in an area of
different depths.
TUTORIAL 5.4

1 Which figure shows water waves travelling on the surface of

the water in a ripple tank?

Which of the following diagrams show the propagation of the

waves correctly?

6 Water waves travel more slowly as they move from deep to

2 When water waves pass from deep water into shallow water,
shallow water in a ripple tank. Which diagram shows the
how do the speed, wavelength and frequency change?
refraction of the waves?
Speed Wavelength Frequency
A Increases Decreases No change
B Decreases Increases Decreases
C Increases Increases No change
D Decreases Decreases No change

3 The figure shows a water waves in a ripple tank

with a sloping base.

Which of the following physical quantity

increases?
7 The diagram shows water waves travel from region P to
A speed region Q.
B amplitude
C frequency

4 The diagram shows a plane water waves pass from deep water
into shallow water.

Which of the following is true?

A The density of water in P greater than in Q
B The depth of water in P greater than in Q
Which of the following is true? C The speed of water waves in Q greater than in P
D The amplitude of water waves in Q greater than in P
A The direction of the wave propagation unchanged

12
8 The figure shows a plane wave are made in a ripple tank
with a sloping base to make the depth of water at X and Y is
different.

Which of the following shows the pattern of the wave when it

11 Diagram shows the water wave pattern formed when the
dipper is placed at the centre of the ripple tank.

Which of the following is the possible side view of the

reaches at P?
ripple tank?
9 The figure shows a stone is thrown by a boy in a pond with a
sloping base.

Which of the following figure shows the pattern of

water waves after the stone is thrown?
12 The figure shows the arrangement of apparatus to shows a
wave phenomenon.

Which of the following phenomenon involved?

A reflection B refraction
C diffraction D interference

13 A set straight water ripples in a ripple tank travels over a

thick, triangular perspex sheet.
10 Diagram shows a stone dropped into a lake with the depth of Which figure shows the wave pattern?
water increasing towards the centre of the lake.

Which of the following is the wave pattern formed?

13
14 Diagram shows the propagation of water waves from region
X to Y. A 2.0 Hz B 4.5 Hz
C 8.0 Hz D 12.0Hz

17 Diagram shows water waves pass from deep water into

shallow water. The distance PQ = 5 cm , RS = 3 cm and the
speed of the water waves in deep water is 4 cm s-1 .

Which is the correct comparison of the wave speed and

Which of the following is true?
depth of water in X and Y?
Wave speed Depth of water A The wavelength in deep water is 5 cm
A vX > vY X>Y 3
B vX > vY X<Y B The frequency of the water waves in shallow water is 8
C vX < vY X>Y Hz
D vX < vY X <Y 5
C The speed of the water waves in shallow water is 8 cm
15 Diagram shows the propagation of water waves from deep s-1
area to shallow area. The velocity of water waves in deep area 3
is 36 cm s-1 and in shallow area is 27 cm s-1. D The period of the water waves in deep water is 5 s
2

18 When the water waves propagated from the sea to the beach ,
the water waves follow the shape of the beach. The
phenomenon involved is

A reflection B refraction
C diffraction D interference
19 Diagram shows wave fronts that move towards the beach from
the sea. It is observed that the wavelength became shorter
when it approached beach.

What is the wavelength of the water waves in shallow area ?.

A 2.25 cm B 3.00 cm
C 4.00 cm D 6.75 cm

16 Diagram shows a water wave in a ripple tank.

The phenomenon seen in diagram is

A Interference B Reflection
C Diffraction D Refraction

20 Diagram shows the wavefronts as the waves approach the bay

and the cape.

The wave has a speed of 24 cm s-1 at R.The wave crosses a

boundary PQ where the distance between the crests changes
from 3.0 cm to1.5 cm.
What is the frequency of the wave at point S?

14
 The wavefronts take the shape of the beach. This is cause by
the phenomenon of

A interference B reflection
C diffraction D refraction

21 A ray of light passes from water to air.

Which labeled arrow shows the direction of the ray in air? 25 The figure shows a phenomenon shows by sound waves.

What is phenomenon involved?

A Diffraction B Interference
C Refraction D Reflection

26 Which one of the following is true regarding the refraction of

22 A light ray travels from medium P to medium Q.
the sound waves?
Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the path of
the light ?
A When watching a hockey game , we often hear the stick
[ Medium P denser medium and Medium Q
hitting the ball after w actually see the hit
less dense ]
B Clicking sound is heard clearly when two rocks is
clicked together under water
C A pilot wears noise- canceling earphones to reduce the
noise effects.
D At night sound can be heard over considerably longer
distances

27 Diagram 27 shows a plane wave propagate

from deep area to shallow area.

23 The sound of a moving train at a distant is clearer at night than

that in the day time.
This is due to the effects of the ________________ of sound
waves.

A Reflection B Refraction Diagram 27

C Interference D Diffraction
(a) Draw the wave pattern in the shallow area.

24 Which of the following figure shows the refraction of the (b) Name the wave phenomenon above.
sound waves at night? …………………………………………………
(c) Given is the wave velocity in deep area is

15
 4 cm s – 1 , calculate the wave frequency in shallow …………………………………… …………..
area . (d) The water waves with a wavelength of 1.5 m travels
with velocity 2.0 ms-1 from the sea to the beach. The
velocity of the waves when reach near the beach is 1.2
28 Diagram 28 shows a water waves propagate from deep area to ms-1 .
a shallow area.. Calculate ,
(i) the frequency of the waves

]
(ii) the wavelength of the waves near the beach

(e) Explain why when the water waves propagated

from the sea to the beach , the waves follow the shape
of the beach.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

30 Diagram 30 shows the pattern of the water wave when the

water waves propagated from the sea to the beach.
Diagram 28

(a) What type of wave is the water waves?

.............................................................................
(b) Complete Diagram 28 to show the
direction of propagation of the water waves
in deep area and shallow area.
Draw the waves’ patterns in both areas.
(c) Calculate the wavelength at deep area if the
speed of water waves at shallow area and
Diagram 30
deep area are 4.0 ms-1 and 9.0 ms-1,respectively.
(a) Name the phenomenon that involved in the above observation.
The wavelength at shallow area is 2 m.
......................................................................................
(b) Why are the water waves follow the shape of the beach when
its propagated from the sea to the beach?
29 Diagram 29.1 shows a water waves in a ripple tank travels
......................................................................................
over a perspex plat.
………………………………………………………
Diagram 29. 2 shows a water waves propagated from the sea
(c) Which of the following physical quantity decreases when the
to the beach.
water waves propagated from the sea to the beach?
Tick ( ) in the correct box.

Speed Wavelength Frequency

d) The water waves with a wavelength of 1.2 m travels with

Diagram 29.1 Diagram 29.2 velocity 2.5 ms-1 from the sea to the beach. The velocity of
the waves when reaching the beach is 1.8 ms-1 .
(a) Based on Diagram 29. 1 and Diagram 29. 2 Calculate,
(i) state the change in wavelength of the water waves (i) the frequency of the water waves
from A to B.
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
(ii) the wavelength when reaching the beach
(ii) compare the depth of water between A and B.
……………………………………….......
…………………………………………...
(iii) name a physical quantity is unchanged .
…………………………………………..
(b) Relate your answer in (a)(i) and (a)(ii) to deduce a wave
phenomenon.
………………………………………………… 31 Diagram 31 shows water waves propagated from the sea
(c) Name the phenomenon in (b) towards the shore.

16
 Diagram 31
Observed the wave pattern and the sea-bed.
Based on the observations:
(a) State one suitable inference that can be
made.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis for an investigation.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as ripple tank and other
apparatus, describe an experimental framework to test
your hypothesis.
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include
the method of controlling the manipulated variable
and the method of measuring the responding
variable
(vi) Way you would tabulate the data
(vii) Way you would analysis the data

TUTORIAL 5.5

1 Diagram shows the plane water waves pass through a narrow

gap.

Name the phenomenon of the wave?

A Reflection
B Diffraction
C Interference

2 Diagram shows a phenomenon when waves are obstructed by

an obstacle.

Which phenomenon explains the propagation of the

waves?

A Reflection B Refraction
C Diffraction D Interference

17
3 Diagram shows a boat behind a concrete barrier.

When the sea waves approach the barrier, the boat is seen
moving up and down. This is because the sea waves undergo
A reflection B refraction
7 Diagram shows the observations of water waves
C diffraction D interference
phenomenon.

4 Which of the following figure is true to show the diffraction Phenomenon. Observation
of a water wave?

5 Which of the following diagrams shows the wave pattern

correctly when plane waves pass through a gap?
Which of the observations above caused by the diffraction
of waves?
A K only
B L only
C K and L
D L and M

8 How do the frequency and wavelength change when waves in

a ripple tank pass through a narrow gap in a barrier?

Frequency Wavelength
A increase increase
6 Diagram shows plane wave fronts moving towards an B decrease decrease
obstacle. C unchanged unchanged

9 Diagram shows water waves being diffracted after passing

through a slit.

Which of the following diagrams shows the wave pattern

correctly when plane waves pass through the obstacle?
Which action will produce circular diffracted

A Increase the frequency of the waves

B Increase the speed of the wave
C Decrease the wavelength

18
 D Decrease the size of the slit

10 Diagram shows plane waves moving towards a slit.

The motion of the waves through the slit will cause a change
in the
A amplitude B wavelength 15 A driver is able to hear the sound of another car although the
C wave speed D frequency car beyond his vision . The phenomenon involved is

11 Diagram shows water waves moving towards a harbour. A Refraction B Interference

C Diffraction D Reflection

16 The figure show a listener a student is requested to stand the

other side of the corner of the wall of high building.
The student is able to hear the sound of the radio.

Which of the following statements is correct about the waves

at Q?
A The frequency is decrease
B The velocity is increase
C The wave length is increase The phenomenon involved is
D The energy is decrease
A Refraction B Interference
12 Diagram shows plane water waves approaching a slit between C Diffraction D Reflection
two obstacles.
17 Diagram shows the waves transmitted by the
transmission station are block by the hill.

The angle of θ increases when________________

Which the following phenomenon explain that the television
set in the house can still
A the size of slit increases
received the transmission.
B the frequency of the wave increases
C the wavelength of the wave increases
A Reflection B Refraction
C Diffraction D Interference
13 The figure shows the pattern of formed on a screen when a
monochromatic light is passed through a slit.
18 Sound waves are more easily diffracted in comparison to the
light waves because

A the amplitude of sound wave is much bigger than the

amplitude of light wave
Which of the following diagram occurs when the size of the
B the frequency of sound wave is much higher than the
slit is decreased?
frequency of light waves
C the wavelength of sound wave is much bigger than the
wavelength of light waves

19 Diagram 19.1 shows water waves passing through the

entrance of a model harbour.
14 Which of the following diagram shows the patterns of
diffraction of light waves when a monochromatic light source
is passed through a small pin hole.

19
 (a) What is the wave phenomena studied in the experiment above.
………………………………………………………..
(b) Draw the wave pattern formed in diagram 20.3 and
diagram20.4

Diagram 19.1
Diagram20.3 Diagram 20.4
(a) (i) Name the type of wave is the water
wave.
(c) Diagram 20.5 shows Aini trying to open the house’s front gate
…………………………………………..
using remote control. Eve though Amin is blocking her, the
(ii) State why the wave shape is only slightly change
get can stll be opened.
after passing the gap
.....................................………………….
…………………………………………..
(b) Diagram 19.2 shows the cross sectional of the harbour wall
that facing the waves. In Diagram 14.2 draw the waves after
passing trough the gap.

Diagram 20.5
Diagram 19.2
(i) Name the wave phenomenon involved.
(c) The model harbour in diagram 19.1 is to be use for ……………………………………….
commercial purposes. (ii) On Diagram 20.6 draw the wave pattern
Suggest two modifications to the harbour wall that based on the situation in Diagram 20.5 .
enables it to sustain the impact of the water wave

(i) suggestion 1
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….
reason
………………………………………………..
………………………………………………...
Diagram 20.6
(ii) suggestion 1 (d)
………………………………………………. Wave Suggested Speed in air/
………………………………………………. frequency / Hz ms-1
reason X 4.0 x104 3.3 x102
……………………………………………….. Y 4.0 x 108 3.0 x108
………………………………………………... Z 4.0 x1014 3.0 x108
Table 20
20 Diagram 20.1 and Diagram 20.2 show two sets of ripple tank
with gaps of different sizes. Table 20 shows the characteristics of three
waves, X, Y and Z to be used in the remote
control for the gate. Calculate the wavelength
of each wave.

(i) Wave X

Diagram 20.1 Diagram 20.2

(ii) Wave Y

20
 22 Diagram 22.1 shows a water waves passing through a log
that floats in water.
Diagram 22.2 shows a student standing at one corner of a
(iii) Wave Z building at B who can hear the sound from a loudspeaker at A.

(e) (i) Based on your answer in (d) , which

wave is the most suitable to be used in he remote
control for the gate?
…………………………………………
(ii) State one reason for your answer in
(e)(i).
…………………………………………

21 Diagram 21 shows the positions of two policemen A and B Diagram 22.1 Diagram 22.2
standing behind the two tall buildings. The policemen are (a) Based on Diagram 22.1 and Diagram 22.2,
holding a walkie-talkie each. The two buildings are 4 m apart.
(i) what happens to the wave after passing round
the log and the corner of the building?
………………………………………

(ii) what happens to the amplitude of the waves

after passing round the log and the corner of
the building? Explain your answer.
………………………………………
……………………………………...
(iii) name the wave phenomenon that is related to
Diagram 22.1 and Diagram 22.2.
Diagram 21 ………………………………………
(a) Radio waves are a type of (iv) what will happen to the speed of the water
……………………………………..waves waves after passing through the log?
(b) (i) Name the wave phenomenon which ………………………………………
enables the policemen to communicate with each ……………………………………...
other.
(b) Referring to Diagram 22.1, what will happen to a
............................................................
floating object that is placed at
(ii) Name two factors that affect the
effectiveness of the above phenomenon. (i) P .....................................
................................................................... (ii) Q......................................
................................................................... (c) Name one other wave phenomenon that occurs in
Table 21 shows a few radio frequencies suggested by the Diagram 22.1.
policemen.
………………………………………………
Suggested frequencies
23 Diagram 23 shows the bright and dark bands of the wave
50 MHz
patterns formed on the screen when plane waves pass through
500 MHz
narrow and wide slits.
5 GHz
Table 21
(c) Calculate the wavelengths of each of the radio waves
suggested by assuming the speed of radio waves in air is
3.0 x 108 ms–1.

(d) Based on your answer in (c), which is the most suitable Diagram 23
radio frequency to be used by the policemen. Explain
your answer. Observe Diagram 23. Compare the wave patterns and the
....................................................................... wavelengths of the waves before and after they pass through
....................................................................... the slits.
Relate the size of slits, the wave patterns and the wavelengths
to deduce a relevant physics concept.

21
 Name the wave phenomenon shown in the figure.

24 To attract more tourist to the island in Diagram 24

, a contractor wants to build a beach resort

Diagram 24
.As a consultant you are asked to give suggestions on the
proposed project based on the following aspects:
- The location of the resort
- Features to reduce the erosion of the shore
- Features to enable children to enjoy swimming in calm
water.

25 Diagram 25 shows the sea water waves passing through two

different gates at a harbour .

Diagram 25

Based on the observations:

(a) State one suitable inference that can be made.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis for an
investigation
(c) With the use of apparatus such as ripple
tank, stroboscope and other apparatus, describe
an experimental framework to test your
hypothesis.
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include
the method of controlling the manipulated variable
and the method of measuring the responding
variable
(vi) Way you would tabulate the data
(vii) Way you would analysis the data

22
 3 The figure shows two impulse waves travelling towards each
other with a speed 2 cms-1 respectively.

Which of the following shows the pattern of the impulse

waves after 1 s?

TUTORIAL 5.6
4 Diagram shows the set up of a ripple tank to study wave
phenomena.
1 The figure shows two impulse waves traveling towards each
other along the length of a rope.
Which of the following figure shows the pattern of the
impulse waves after passed through point O.

Which of the following figure shows the pattern of the

impulse waves after passed through point O.

2 Figure shows two impulse waves travelling towards each What is the phenomenon that can be observed using this set
other. up?

A Interference B Refraction
C Reflection D Diffraction

5 Which diagram shows the the interference patterns of

thewater wave.
Which of the following figure shows when both waves meet
at the point P?

23
 Which of the positions A,B,C or D, does the amplitude of the
water waves is zero.

9 The figure shows the wave pattern formed by waves from two
coherent sources.

Antinode points are

A W and X B X and Z
6 Which of the following wave property changes when C Y and Z D W and Y
interference of waves occur?

A Speed B Wavelength
C Amplitude D Frequency

7 The diagram shows an inteference pattern of water waves

from two coherent sources X and Y.
10 Diagram shows the superposition of two water waves.

Which of the points, do costructive inteference

occur ?

A A, B and C
B A, B and D At which points do constructive interference occur?
C A, C and D
D B, C and D A P and Q B Q and R
C R and S D P and S
8 The figure shows an interference pattern of two coherent
water waves of sources, P and Q. 11 The figure shows plane water waves approaching two slits
between three obstacles.

24
 A phase B colour
C amplitude D intensity

15 The figure shows a monochromatic light is passed through a

double slit.

The phenomena involved are

A refraction and reflection
B reflection and diffraction
C refraction and interference
D diffraction and interference
Which of the following formed on the screen?
12 Diagram shows the phenomenon of interference of water
waves from two coherence sources. A two bright bands
B a spectrum of light
C a pattern of alternating bright and dark regions

16 The figure shows the fringe pattern obtained in a double slit

experiment when a monochromatic light is used. The slits are
3 x 10-4 m apart and the screen is 3.0 m away from the slits.

What is the length of the monochromatic light ?

A 5.0x10-7 m B 2.5 x10-6 m

What is the wavelength of the water waves ? C 7.5x10-6 m D 5.0 x 10 - 8 m

A 0.8 cm B 1.2 cm
C 3.2 cm D 5.0 cm 17 In an experiment of light interference using green light of
wavelength 5 x 10 - 7 m , two consecutive bright fringes
formed on the screen are 0.4 mm apart.
When the experiment is repeated using red light two
consecutive bright fringes formed 0.48 mm are apart.
What is the wavelength of the red light ?

A 2.4 x 10 - 7 m B 4.2 x 10 - 7 m
13 Diagram shows an interference pattern of water waves. C 5.0 x 10 - 7 m D 6.0 x 10 - 7 m

18 In an experiment of light interference , the distance two

successive bright or dark fringes depends on

A width of slit
B colour of light is used
C intensity of the source of light is used

19 The figure shows the arrangement of apparatus in Young’s

double slit experiment.

The distance between two consecutive nodes, x will increase

when

A frequency of water waves is increased

B wavelength of water waves is decreased
C distance between two coherent sources, a is decreased.
D perpendicular distance from the sources to where x is
measured, D is decreased.

14 Monochromatic light which is light of only one ____

25
 22 In an experiment of light interference the distance between
The distance between two consecutive bright fringes increases two consecutive bright fringes ,x varies with distance
when between double slit and screen, D.
Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship
A slit separation increases between x and D?
B the width of slit increases
C the distance between the screen and the double-slit plat
decreases
D the green filter is replaced by a red filter.

20 The figure shows are the patterns of interference by using red

filter, green filter and blue filter which are not arranged in
order.

23 In experiment of the interference of waves, two loudspeakers

are placed at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. The
distance between two consecutive soft sounds is 6.0 m and the
listener at a distance 4.5 m from the loudspeakers.
What is the wavelength of the sound waves is used?

A 1.25 m B 1.50 m
C 2.00 m D 3.00 m

24 The figure shows the arrangement of apparatus the

interference of sound waves experiment.
Which of the following is the correct filter for respective
patterns of interference?

P Q R

A red blue green

B blue red green
C green blue red
D green red blue

21 Diagram represents the fringe pattern obtained in a double-slit

experiment using monochromatic light of red colour.

The distance between two consecutive loud sounds increases

as
Which of the following is correct when the red light is A the diameter of the loudspeaker increases
replaced by green light? B the frequency of the audio-frequency generator
increases
C the distance between two loudspeakers increases
D the distance between the loudspeaker and the line XY
increases

25 Diagram shows the positions of loud and soft sounds

produced along the line PQ when the audio signal generator
is switched on.

26
 (iii) point T
The distance between consecutive loud sounds, x, will …………………………………………
increase when
28 Diagram 28.1 shows a ripple tank with two spherical dippers
A M is increased attached to the vibrating bar as source of two coherent wave.
B frequency is increased
C wavelength is decreased
D b is increased

26 Diagram 26.1 shows two coherence waves moves to each

other with a speed 10 cms-1.

Diagram 26.1

(a) What is meaning of coherence?

…………………………………………… Diagram 28.1
……………………………………………
(b) On Diagram 26.2 draw the wave pattern after 1.0 s. Diagram 28.2 and Diagram 28.3 show the wave pattern
produced on screen when the distance between two source of
wave are different.

Diagram 26.2

(c) Name the physics principle involves.

……………………………………………

27 A group of students carried out an experiment using a ripple

tank. Diagram 27 shows the interference pattern observed Key : x = distance between two nodal lines
when two plastic spheres, S1 and S2 vibrates. The spheres were
attached to a vibrator and are separated by a distance of 5.0 Diagram 28.2 Diagram 28.3
cm.
(a) What is the meaning of coherent source ?
…………………………………………………
(b) Describe how dark and bright bands are formed
on the screen when there is a wave in ripple tank.
………………………………………………....
………………………………………................
(c) Observe Diagram 28.2 and Diagram 28.3
(i) compare the distance between two
sources of wave.
Diagram 27 …………………………….......................
(ii) compare the distance between two consecutive
(a) Waves from S1 and S2 are coherent. Explain what is antinodal lines.
coherent …………………………………………
…………………………………………………… (d) Based on the answers in (c),
(b) What will happen to the amplitude of water waves at the
point of superposition when crests from S1 and S2 meet? (i) State the relationship between the
distance of two sources of wave and distance of
…………………………………………………… two consecutive antinodal lines.
………………………………………..
(c) What are the phenomena’s being observed at ………………………………………..
(i) point P and Q (ii) name the wave phenomena involves
………………………………………… ……………………................................
(ii) point R
…………………………………………

27
 …………………………………………………………………
30 Diagram 30 shows an experiment to determine the wavelength ………………………………………
of monochromatic light waves by using a red light source. (c) The distance between the two loudspeakers is 1.5 m. At a
distance 10.0 m from the loud speakers , the distance between two
successive loud sound is 4.0 m.
Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave.

(d) The frequency of the sound wave is increased .

(i) What happens to the distance between two
successive loud sound?
………………………………
(ii) Give the reason for your answer in
(d)(i).
………………………………
Diagram 30 ………………………………
(a) What is meant by monochromatic light? ………………………………
…..…………………………………………
32 Diagram 32 shows a headphone which is used by an air traffic
officer at the airport to reduce incoming loud noise. The incoming
(b) Why are red fringes formed on the screen ?
noise is detected by the microphone and is processed by a system
.......................................................................
of a computer and speakers inside the headphones.
(c) The distance between the Young double slit and the
screen is 3.0 m. The double slit used has the slit
separation is 5 x 10-4 m.
Calculate the wave length of the red light.

(d) The red light is replaced by the green light.

Diagranm 32
(i) What happen to distance between two
consecutive dark fringes.
(a) State the phenomenon that is used to reduce the
……………………………………
noise by the computer and the microphone in the
(ii) Give the reason for your answer in (d)(i).
headphone.
................................................................
…………………………………………...
................................................................
(b) Draw a wave form diagram to explain your
answer in (b).
31 Diagram 31 shows two loud speakers are connected to an
audio frequency generator.
Each student stands at position of loud sound is heard.

34 Diagrams 34.1 and 34.2 show interference patterns using

coherent sources of waves, λ.

(a) What type of wave for the sound wave.

………………………………………
(b) Why the loud sound is heard at the positions of the student
standing?

28
 (i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the
method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) Way you would tabulate the data
(vii) Way you would analysis the data

Diagram 34.1

Diagram 34.2

(a) What is meant by coherent waves ?

(b) Compare Diagram 34.1 and 34.2 .
Relate λ and x to make a deduction regarding the
relationship of both quantities.

35 Diagram 35 shows a technician checking and testing the

audio system in a mini theater by changing his seating
positions. Clear and loud sound can only be heard at position
P and Q which is equals to 4 seating away from each other
with a certain distance from the loudspeakers . When the
technician moves further the loudspeakers ,the clear and loud
sounds can be heard between Q and R which is equals to 6
seating away from each other. A student who moves his ear
near a vibrating tuning
fork hears loud and soft sounds alternately.
Diagram 35 shows the positions of loud sounds are
closer together.
Diagram 35 shows the positions of loud sound are further
apart.

TUTORIAL 5.7

1 Which of the following is not an electromagnetic waves?

A Microwave B Sound wave
Diagram 35 C Radio wave D Light wave

2 Which of the following cannot travels in vacuum?

Based on the information and observation:
(a) State one suitable inference. A X-ray B Infra-red radiation
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. C Radio wave D Ultrasonic wave
(c) With the use of apparatus such as two loudspeakers, signal
generator and other apparatus, describe one experiment to 3 Which of the following has the lowest speed ?
investigate the hypothesis stated in (b) In your description,
state clearly the following: A White light B Ultra-violet radiation

29
 C Radio wave D Sub-sonic wave

4 Which of the following is the common properties of the

electromagnetic waves? A Radio Visible X-ray
waves light
A They all have the same wavelength
B They all have the same frequency B Radio X-rays Visible
C They all have the same speed in vacuum waves light

5 Which statement is not a property of electromagnetic waves? C X- rays Radio Visible

waves light
A Travels at a speed of light
D X- rays Visible Radio
B Obeys the wave equation, v  f
light waves
C Requires a medium to propagate
D Can undergo interference 11 The figure shows different regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
6 Which of the following has a wavelength shorter than the
wavelength of light wave ??

A Ultra-violet radiation
B Infra –red radiation
C Radio wave
What region does P represent?
D Microwave
A Microwaves B Sound waves
7 The letter I,U,R,X and V represents the electromagnetic
C Ultra-violet radiation D X-ray
waves .

Letter Electromagnetic wave

I Infra-red radiation
U Ultra-violet radiation
R Radio wave
X X-ray
V Light wave
12 X and Y are different wave motions. In air, X travels much
Which of the following arrangement of the electromagnetic
faster than Y but has a much shorter wavelength.
waves in ascending order of frequency?
Which types of wave motion could X and Y be?
A X,V,R,U,I B R,U,I,X,V
X Y
C V,R,I,U,X D R,I,V,U,X
A Microwave Red light
B Radio wave Infra-red
C Red light Sound
D Sound Ultra-violet

13 One of the following devices does not make use of

8 Which of the following is true regarding the
electromagnetic waves in its operation.
X-rays and the red light?
Which one is it?
X-ray Red light
A A loudspeaker B A television set
C A camera D A hand phone
A Longitudinal wave Transverse wave
B High speed Low speed
14 Which of the following equipment does not use heating
C Short wavelength Long wavelength
element to operate?
D Can travels Cannot travels through
through vacuum vacuum
A Bulb B Toaster
C Hair drier D Microwave oven
9 Which of the following ray moves with the speed of light?
15 At an airport, a passenger’s bag is placed in the baggage
A Gamma ray
scanner.
B Beta ray
C Alpha ray

10 Radio waves , visible light and X- rays are all part of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
What is the correct order of increasing wavelength ?

30
 The contents in the bag are examined by using

A X-ray B gamma rays

C ultraviolet rays D infrared rays

16 The figure shows a signal is transmitted to determine the

position of an aero plane .
21 The food is being cooked by

What type of wave is used?

A Radio wave B Microwave

C Light wave D Sound wave
A Infrared B ultraviolet
17 Diagram (a) shows a transmitting station for C gamma rays D microwaves
telecommunications.
Diagram (b) shows the X-ray image of pelvis bones.
22 Diagram 22 shows ultrasound being used to study an unborn
baby.

Diagram(a) Diagram (b)

Diagram 22
Based on Diagram(a) and (b), what is a common characteristic (a) What is meant by ultrasound?
between the two
electromagnetic waves used? …………………………………………………
(b) Explain how the waves is used to scan the baby?
A Velocity B Amplitude …………………………………………………
C Frequency D Wavelength …………………………………………………
(c) Why using this method to scan an unborn baby is safer
than using X-rays?
…………………………………………………
18 Which waves pass through fog and low cloud most easily? …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
A Infra-red B Light (d) Ultrasound used in medicine has a frequency which is
C Radio D Ultra-violet about 100 times higher than the maximum frequency
that can be heard by humans.
19 The figure shows a TV remote control . If the speed of ultrasound in the human body is
1 500 ms-1, determine
(i) the frequency that might be used for ultrasound in
medicine.

(ii) the wavelength of the ultrasound in the human

What type of wave is used? body.

A Radio wave B Ultra violet 23 Diagram 23 shows the electromagnetic spectrum.

C Infra red D Sound wave

20 Which of the following figure is not relevant to

electromagnetic waves?

Diagram 23
(a) Name the waves mark by

31
 (i) P ……………………………………
(ii) Q ……………………………………
(iii) R…………………………………….
(b) What is the speed of the electromagnetic waves in
vacuum? Explain what happen to make this ink visible?
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
(c) Name an apparatus to detect gamma rays. …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… (c) Explain why skin cells need to be protected from
(d) Name a source to produce Q. ultraviolet radiation?
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
(e) Name a wave can cause skin burns
………………………………………………… (d) Name two types of electromagnetic
(f) Complete the following table. Waves radiation that the oven can use to cook
Uses Electromagnetic wave food……………………………………and
satellite ……………………………………………….
transmissions
to identify
counterfeit notes

24 The figure shows an airport radar transmitting microwave

signals. Microwaves are transmitted to determine the position
of aero planes.

Diagram 24
(a) Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic waves.
26 (a) You are assigned to choose a suitable
(b) The radar transmits a signal at a velocity of 3.0 x 10 8
designed of parabolic dish to be used as a
ms-1 towards the aero plane and detects the reflected
transmitting and receiving dish for communication
signal 4.0 x 10-4 s later.
and information using radio waves.
Calculate the distance of P from the radar transmitter at
that time.

(c) The radar detects the same signal after reflection by

another aero plane , Q. The signals from Q arrives later
than the signal from P.

(i) Compare the distances of P and Q from the radar.

…………………………………………..
(ii) State the relationship between the time of the
receiving again the signal and the distance
between airport and aero plane..
…………………………………………..

25 Diagram 25 represents the electromagnetic spectrum.

Diagram 25
(a) Name the type of electromagnetic radiation that is used
(I) to sterilise surgical instruments.
…………………………………………
(ii) to send a signal to a TV from a remote control.
………………………………………….
(b) Valuable item can be security marked
using special ink . The ink can only be seen in
ultraviolet radiation

32
 Table 26

By referring to the information given in

Table 26, explain the suitability of each characteristic
and suggest the most suitable parabolic dish to be
installed as radar at control tower of an airport.

(b) Radar has very short range in water, so ships use

ultrasound to determine the depth of the sea.
A ship send out a pulse of ultrasound and detect
an echo 1.5 s later. The depth of the sea is
1125 m.
(i) What is meant by ultrasound?
(ii) Calculate the speed of ultrasound
transmitted in water.

33
2