Problem based learning- report
LSSE–SemesterVII–BiomedicalEngineering–2020-2021–OddSemester
Name of the Student Vikram kolekar
Roll No. 18105A2016
Date of submission 6/11/2020
Problem Statement To build a Pulse Oximeter for measuring Heart Rate/Pulse Rate and SpO2
Introduction: -
● A pulse oximeter is a small, lightweight device used to monitor the amount of oxygen
[Link],sendingtwo
wavelengths of light through the finger to measure your pulse rate and how much oxygen
is in yoursystem.
● A pulse oximeter screens the oxygen saturation (SpO2) of a human's blood dependent on the red light (600-
750nmfrequency)andinfraredlight(850-1000nmfrequency)ingestionqualitiesofoxygenatedhemoglobin
(HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin(Hb).
● The pulse oximeter streaks the red and infrared lights then again through a finger to aphotodiode.
● HbO2 ingests more infrared light and permits more red light to gothrough.
● Thenagain,[Link] non-
consumed light from each LED. This sign is rearranged utilizing modifying Op-Amp and subsequently the
outcome speaks to the light that has been consumed by thefinger.
Circuit Working: -
The SpO2 test utilized in this model is an off-the-rack Nellcor® viable finger cut kind of test which coordinates
one red LED and one IR LED and a photodiode.
The LEDs are constrained by the LED driver circuit.
Problem based learning- report
LSSE–SemesterVII–BiomedicalEngineering–2020-2021–OddSemester
The red light and IR light going through the finger are recognized by the sign molding circuit and are then taken
care of to a 12-digit ADC module of the microcontroller where SpO2 %can be determined.
LED Driver Circuit: -
A DUAL SPDT simple switch driven by two PWM signals from the microcontrollers turns the red and infrared
LEDs on and off then again.
TogetthebestpossiblenumberofADCtestsandhavesufficientopportunitytodealwiththeinformationbefore the
following LED turns on, the LEDs are turned on/off as indicated by the circumstancechart.
SPO2 Calculations: -
The SpO2 can be determined using the Ratio value and a look-up table that is made up of empirical formulas.
The pulse rate is calculated based on the Analog-to-Digital converter (ADC) sample number and sampling rate.
The look-up table is an important part of the system.
Look-up tables are specific to a particular oximeter design and are usually based on calibration curves derived
from many measurements of a healthy subject at various SpO2 levels.
Therefore,
Application:
● The new coronavirus that causes COVID-19 enters the body through the respiratory system, causing
directinjury to a person's lungs via inflammation and pneumonia — both of which can negatively impact
how well oxygen is transferred into the bloodstream. This oxygen impairment can occur at multiple stages
of COVID- 19, and not simply for critically ill patients placed onventilators.
Problem based learning- report
LSSE–SemesterVII–BiomedicalEngineering–2020-2021–OddSemester
In fact, there's a phenomenon we've observed clinically where a person with COVID-19 can have very low
oxygen levels but otherwise appear well, termed "happy hypoxia." It's concerning because these patientsmay
be more significantly ill than they feel, certainly warranting closer attention in a medicalsetting.
A pulse oximeter can help ensure that this clinically silent early warning sign is not missed. Specially an
oximeter can be a helpful tool for checking oxygen levels so that low oxygen levels can be caught [Link]
general, the people who are theoretically more at risk for oxygen issues are those with pre- existing lung
disease, heart disease and/or obesity, as well as activesmokers.
Conclusion By this report we can observe the circuitry that is of Pulse Oximeter which measuring Heart
Rate/Pulse Rate and SpO2.
