AFGHAN – TURK MAARIF SCHOOLS

KABUL ARIANA BOYS HIGH SCHOOL

FOR GRADE 11

PHYSICS

Chapter for 11th Grades

2020 YEAR

Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”

 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
There are two groups of physical quantities; scalar and vector.

A) SCALAR QUANTITIES
A scalar quantity has only magnitude and no direction. Temperature (20C0), Mass (10kg), Volume (100m3),
Time (2h) examples of scalar quantity.

B) VECTOR QUANTITIES
A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. It can be represented by arrow. Force, velocity,
acceleration, displacement are examples of vector quantity.

The vector X ;

 The direction is from A

X l to B
A B  The magnitude is
X = IXI = any numb.

Properties of Vectors
1. Equality of Two Vectors:
Two vectors are equal if they have the same magnitude and direction.

A If A=B=C=D and they point in the

B
same direction;
A=B=C=D
D
C

Example 1:
K According to given
L figure which vectors
M are equal?

Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”

2. Addition of Vectors:
a) Triangle Method:
When adding any two vectors A and B, we add them head to tail. The sum is called the resultant vector
(R). It is drawn from the free tail to the free head. (A vector can be moved to another place without
changing its magnitude and direction.)

B
R
B
A A

The order of the addition can be reversed.

A + B = B +A

Example 2: Find A+B =? Example 3: Find A+B =? Example 4: Find A+B =?

B B
A A
A
B

b) Polygon Method:

B
C
A

Example 5 : Find A+B+C+D=? Example 6 : Find A+B+C+D=?

B
C B A
C C
D
A

c) Parallelogram Method:

X
X

Y Y
Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”
Example 7 : solve by both methods.

B
A

Magnitude of Resultant vector

1 B 2

A A R
R

B

 The magnitude of R ;

1) (law of cosines)
R2 = A2 + B2 - 2ABcos
2)
R2 = A2 + B2 + 2ABcos

If =900 (right-angle) R2 = A2 + B2 (Pythagorean Theorem)

NOTE:

Example 8 : Find magnitude of K+L = ? Example 9 : Find magnitude of X +Y = ?

(Cos530=0,6)

K=4 X=10
=53
900
L=3 Y=6

Example 10: Find magnitude of A +B = ? Example 11: Find magnitude of R=A +B = ?

(Cos600=1/2)

B=1
=60
A=10

Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”

3. Negative of a Vector:

A
A+(-A)= 0

-A

The vectors A and –A have the same magnitude but point in opposite directions.

Example 11 : Which pairs of vectors in the figure have the sum zero?

K
L

M N

4. Subtraction of Vectors:
The method of subtraction vectors is similar to the method of addition of vectors.

A A
or
B R -B R
-B
A

A – B = B-A

Example 12 : Find X+(-Y) and (-X)+Y.

X Y

Example 13 :Find K+L-M.

M
K
L

Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”

5. Multiplication and division of Vector by Scalar;
Vector quantities can be multiplied or division by scalar. The resultant is also a vector.

A
2A -2A

A/2 -A/2

Example 14 : Find a) –A + B/2 +2C. b) A+ 3B - C

A C

COMPONENTS OF A VECTOR:

y
Ax  A = Ax + Ay
Ay  Ax= A.cos
A
Ay  Ay= A.sin
A
 x  Magnitude of A; A= Ax2 + Ay2
Ax
Example 15 : Find the components and direction of the given vector.
( cos530= sin370=0,6 ; cos370= sin530=0,8 )
y
A=10 Vector X Y
A
530
R
x

Example 16 : find R=A+B

B=15 Vector X Y
370 A
A=4 B
R

Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”

Example 17 : Find R = A+ B+ C =? (direction & mag.)
y
A=10
B=5

370 530
x

C=3

Example 18 : Find the magnitude of R; b) additional method. a) by components method

C A

Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”

 PROBLEMS
1)
a) Which pairs of vectors in the figure have the sum zero?
b) Find the equivalent vectors.
c) Find K+N=?

K
L
M

S N
P

2) Find the resultant vector (dir.&mag.) for the given fig.

F1=102

45 F2=10
0

3)
10 R=?

1350
52

52

4) Find the resultant vector (dir.&mag.) for the given fig.

2 x
0 0
53 37
5
10

5) B
If A=C= 6cm and B=D=8cm
a) A+B+C+D b) A+B+C+D A C
D

Prepared By: Eng.Khwaja Yousuf “SEDIQI”

6) In order to be the resultant force of the system is zero, what must be the value of F3 ?

F4=4 F1=20
37
F3=? 53 0
0

F2=20