Scribd
Upload
28 views4 pages

Heat Transfer Defn

The document discusses heat transfer correlations and dimensionless numbers used in forced convection heat transfer. It provides classical expressions for calculating heat transfer in turbulent pipe flow, including the Dittus-Boelter equation and corrections from Gnielinski. It also discusses applicability conditions and defines common temperature terms.

Uploaded by

pratik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views4 pages

Heat Transfer Defn

The document discusses heat transfer correlations and dimensionless numbers used in forced convection heat transfer. It provides classical expressions for calculating heat transfer in turbulent pipe flow, including the Dittus-Boelter equation and corrections from Gnielinski. It also discusses applicability conditions and defines common temperature terms.

Uploaded by

pratik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HEAT TRANSFER

Forced Convective Heat Transfer

The discussion on heat transfer correlations consists of many dimensionless groups. Therefore,
before we discuss the importance of heat transfer coefficients, it is important to understand the
physical significance of these dimensionless groups, which are frequently used in forced
convection heat transfer. The table 4.1 shows some of the dimensionless numbers used in the
forced convection heat transfer.

Table1: Some important dimensionless numbers used in forced heat transfer convection

1
Flow through a pipe or tube

Turbulent flow

A classical expression for calculating heat transfer in fully developed turbulent flow in smooth
tubes/pipes of diameter (d) and length (L) is given by Dittus and Boelter

(4.3)

where,

n = 0.4, for heating of the fluid

n = 0.3, for cooling of the fluid

The properties in this equation are evaluated at the average fluid bulk temperature. Therefore,
the temperature difference between bulk fluid and the wall should not be significantly high.

Application of eq. 4.3 lies in the following limits

2
Gnielinski suggested that better results for turbulent flow in smooth pipe may be obtained
from the following relations

When the temperature difference between bulk fluid and wall is very high, the viscosity of the
fluid and thus the fluid properties changes substantially. Therefore, the viscosity correction
must be accounted using Sieder – Tate equation given below

However, the fluid properties have to be evaluated at the mean bulk temperature of the fluid
except μw which should be evaluated at the wall temperature.
The earlier relations were applicable for fully developed flow when entrance length was
negligible. Nusselt recommended the following relation for the entrance region when the flow
is not fully developed.

(4.7)

where, L is the tube length and d is the tube diameter.

The fluid properties in eq. 4.7 should be evaluated at mean bulk temperature of the fluid.

3
Applicability conditions, .
As different temperature terms will appear in the course therefore to understand these terms
see the following details.

Bulk temperature/mixing cup temperature: Average temperature in a cross-section.

Average bulk temperature: Arithmetic average temperature of inlet and outlet bulk
temperatures.

Wall temperature: Temperature of the wall.

Film temperature: Arithmetic average temperature of the wall and free stream temperature.

Free stream temperature: Temperature free from the effect of wall.

Log mean temperature difference: It will be discussed in due course of time

You might also like