5.

Some models of communication include the Linear Model, the

Aristotelian Model, Lasswell’s Communication Model, the Shannon-
Weaver Model, Berlo Model, Schramm’s Interactive Model, Helical
Model, and the Ecological Model. Identify /Describe each by
5.1understanding and demonstrating the flow of communication
5.2showing similarities with and differences from one model to another
in terms of elements of communication
5.3pointing out strong feature/s of a model not found in another model

Linear Model
Flow of communication
The linear communication model explains the process of one-way
communication, whereby a sender transmits a message and a receiver
absorbs it. It’s a straightforward communication model that’s used
across businesses to assist with customer communication-driven
activities such as marketing, sales and PR. The channel, sender and
receiver play crucial roles in linear communication. The sender puts an
idea, thought or feeling into a message, and transmits this message via a
‘channel’. This channel acts as the medium and will change the message
into a tangible form, for instance speech, writing or animation. In its new
form, the message is transmitted to the receiver, who then decodes it.
The similarities and Differences from one model to another and Strong
features
Shannon and Weaver Model. A person can be a sender or receiver, but
not both. This is problematic because communication in action is more
dynamic than the linear model suggests.
Interactive Model. The field of experience refers to how environment,
experiences, culture, and even heredity can influence how a sender
constructs a message. Keep in mind that each person brings a unique
field of experience to an interaction. While the interactional model is
more dynamic than the linear model, it still contains some limitations.
For instance, this model implies that while people can be both senders
and receivers, they cannot do so simultaneously.
Transactional Models. communicators must share at least some degree
of overlap in culture, language, or environment if people are to
communicate at all. This model also recognizes that messages will
influence the responses, or subsequent messages, produced in the
communication interaction. This means that messages do not stand
alone, but instead are interrelated. The principle of interrelation states
that messages are connected to and build upon one another. The
transactional model forms the basis for much communication theory
because (1) people are viewed as dynamic communicators rather than
simple senders or receivers, (2) there must be some overlap in fields of
experience in order to build shared meaning, and (3) messages are
interdependent.

Aristotelian Model
Flow of communication
Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be
broadly divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion,
Audience and Effect. The Aristotle’s communication model is revolves
around the speaker as the main concept of this theory is that, speaker
plays the most important role in communication and it is the only one
who holds the responsibility to influence his/her audience through
public speaking. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the
audience. The audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This makes
the communication process one way, from speaker to receiver. The
speaker must organize and prepare his/her speech beforehand,
according to the target audience and situation (occasion).

The similarities and Differences from one model to another and Strong
features
The Shannon – Weaver’s model is developed by the mathematicians. Its
more technical and scientific. The Aristotle’s model is is very much
comprehensive and its possible for a common man to understand make
use of this model.
Aristotle’s model of communication is first the speaker - speech -
occasion - audience - effect. The other models are they have the same
 as there are speaker sender and receiver but the other models there
are channel,s feedback, and interpreter which other models don’t
have.
The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model as the
speaker has the most important role in it and is the only one active. It is
the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the audience. The role of the
audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This makes the
communication process one way, from speaker to receiver.

Lasswell’s Communication Model

Flow of communication
Lasswell’s communication model has 5 components which is used as an
analysis tool for evaluating the communication process and
components. The components are the questions to be asked to get the
answers and keep communication going.

Who the communicator or sender or source Control

of message Analysis

Says What the content of the message Content

Analysis

In Which the medium or media Media Analysis

Channel

To Whom the receiver of the message or an Audience

audience Analysis

With What the feedback of the receiver to the Effect Analysis

Effect sender

The similarities and Differences from one model to another and Strong
features
The model of lasswell has a feedback at the end of the element while
the other model don’t have and they only stop in the receiver.
Lasswell also brought the concept of Effective Communication Process.
He talked about the relation between presentation of facts and how it
generates different effects. The use of the concept of effect makes
Lasswell’s model non-linear unlike it’s name. It’s because effect can also
be taken as feedback.
Though, generally, the component of effect was made to be more about
outcome of the message, the model is applied in different medias and
fields despite being developed specifically for mass communication.
This model is similar to the communication model proposed by Claude
Shannon and Warren Weaver. Their model is more graphical than
Lasswell’s. George Gerbner who is the founder of the cultivation theory,
expanded Lasswell’s model and included the concept of reaction of the
receiver.