INSTRUCTOR'S EDITION ADVANCED WorpD POWER : Rito Babs 0 DensonContents Note: For ease of reference, the title of the selection that closes each chapter is included. Preface v Introduction vii Pretest of the Whole Book = 1 UNIT ONE Unit One Pretest Chapter 1 Blue Jeans 8 Chapter 2 Do Opposites Attract? 12 Chapter 3 What Are You Stingy About? 16 Chapter 4 Loony but True 20 Chapter 5 Writing a Better Paper 24 Unit One Review {Crossword Puzzle) 28 Unit One Tests 29 UNIT Two. Unit Two Pretest Chapter 6 Bad Translations 38. Chapter 7 Memory Aids 42 Chapter 8 A Formula for Teaching 46 Chapter 9 The One-Room Schoolhouse 50. Chapter 10 Galileo $4 Unit Two Review (Crossword Puzzle) 58 Unit Two Tests 59 UNIT THREE Unit Three Pretest Chapter 11 Isadora Duncan 68, Chapter 12. Miles Standish 72 Chapter 13. Men, Women, and Talk 76 Chapter 14 Is Human Nature Good or Evil?” 80 Chapter 15 The Strange Case of X 84 Unit Three Review (Crossword Puzzle) 88 Unit Three Tests 89Contents UNIT FOUR Unit Four Pretest Chapter 16 The Salem Witches 98 Chapter 17. Fashion Show 102 Chapter 18 Math Anxiety 106 Chapter 19 The Gypsies. 110 Chapter 20. The Jonestown Tragedy 114 Unit Four Review (Crossword Puzzle) 118, Unit Four Tests 119 UNIT FIVE, Unit Five Pretest Chapter21 Helen Keller 128 Chapter 22 Figures of Speech 132 Chapter 23. When Isa Treatment Therapy? 136 Chapter 24 Hawks and Doves 140 Chapter 25 New Year's Resolutions 144 Unit Five Review (Crossword Puzzle) 148 Unit Five Tests 449 UNIT SIX Unit Six Pretest Chapter 26 Weird Facts 158 Chapter27 The Scholar 162 Chapter 28 A Case of Depression 166 Chapter 29. Scientific Discoveries 170 Chapter 30. Saint Francis of Assisi. 174 Unit Six Review (Crossword Puzzle) 178 Unit Six Tests 179 Posttest of the Whole Book 185 APPENDIXES, A AnswerKey 190 1. Answers to the Pretest of the Whole Book 2. Answers to the Unit Pretests 3. Answers to the Chapter Activities 4. Answers to the Posttest of the Whole Book B Word List 195PREtTEST OF THE WHOLE BOOK This test contains 100 items. In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the beldfaced word. * Important: Keep in mind that this test is for diagnostic purposes only. If you do not know a word, leave the space blank rather than guess at it. —— I. brusque a) gruff) bright @)silly polite 2. eloquent a) persuasive b) boring) simple) melting __ [Link] a) not clever _—_b) notstopping —_c) careless) soundless indefatigable a) satisfied) depressed) uncaring) untiring 5. mis person b)alover —c)acriminal _d) a mentally ill person inthrope a) an antis 4. 5 —— [Link] cheerful b) complaining) shivering) curious 7. respite fa) an assignment —b) aperiod of rest.) asalary —) a skill 8. vacillate a)toleave —b)toretum —_¢)tohesitate__d) to speak 9. voracious a) truthful) very hungry ¢) very busy) cautious 10. coalesce a)to produce) tocover—¢)tounite_—_) to interfere 11. dispassionate a) prejudiced b) calm —_¢) unemotional__d) predictable —— 12. exuberance a) apathy) excitement) wealth) poverty 13. parsimonious a) stingy b) solemn —_¢) generous.) impatient 14. peripheral a) less frequent) less sure ¢) less risky) less important __ 15. surreptitious a) obvious) secretive extra) repeated 16. voluminous a) valuable) huge €) variable) tiny 17. sagacious. a) sensible_—_b) sensory —_¢) foolish) fearless 18. apocryphal a) fictitious) difficult to understand ¢) uninteresting) actual 19. commiserate a)to compare) toconfer__—_€)to cause pain) to sympathize 20. infraction a) avviolation —_b) an exception _¢) asmall part of something) an illness 21. irascible a) unnecessary b) inspired —_¢) irritable) easily forgotten 22. peruse a)toexamine —b)tochase_—_¢) to proved) to make good use of 23. recapitulate a) to introduce) torepeat_—_e) toyield —_d) to conceal 24. scrutinize a) todescribe _b) to spoil ¢) toclose one’s eyes tod) to look at closely 25. untenable a) unforgettable) insupportable —¢) unfortunate) unclear (Continues on next page)2 Protest of the Whole Book 26. assuage 27. cognizant 28. desultory 29. loquacious 1. paucity 31. somber 32. expedient 33. lavish 34. acquiesce 35. delineate 36. predilection 37. subjugate 38. supercilious 39, temerity 40. vitriolic ___ 41. conciliatory 42. diffident 43. disparage 44, evanescent 45. immutable 49. salutary 50. efface a)toassign —_b) to fallasleep —_¢) tomake fun of d) to relieve a) intelligent b) ignorant) informed d) careless a) unfortunate b) fortunate) intense) random a) aggressive) silent —_¢) friendly _—_d) talkatiye a)health —b)absence —_e) conflict) scarcity a)careful b)restful_¢) sad d) sudden a) convenient —) unselfish _¢) admirable) accidental a) luxurious) subtle ©) permanent d) amusing, a)toconquer —b)toagree —_¢) to become quiet) to reach for a) to stand inline b) to compare ¢) to described) to change a)adislike b)apreference e)amistake —_d) alos a)to conquer b) to subsidize) tostudy —_d) to surrender a) sensitive b) scornful ¢) above averaged) above criticism a) fear) control ¢) caution d) rashness a) debatable b) weak €) insane) sharply critical a) advising) soothing ¢) timid) proud a) different b) difficult) timid) outgoing a)toignore —b)to praise) togreet_ d+) toccriticize a)imaginary —_b) uneventful ¢) fading away) permanent. a) never changing) variable ¢) perfect. d) invisible a) brief by wordy e) secretive) informal a) delicate —b) afraid of water easy d) heavy a)ateacher b)adescendant —_¢) one who came before d) a speaker a) friendly b) unhealthy —_¢) respectful d) wholesome a)to preserve b)tostare at) toerase—d) to embarrass (Continues on nest page)51. aberration 52. congenital 53. contiguous 54, indoctrinate 5S. inexorable _ 56. irrefutable 57. partisan 58. preclude 59. premonition 60. sycophant 61. virulent 62. capitulate 63. debilitate 64, formidable 65. inscrutable 66. taciturn 68, assiduous 69. discrepancy incontrovertible 71. intangible 72. prerogative 73. rectify 74, tacit . tirade Pretest of the Whole Book 3 a) growth b) asugical procedure ¢) something evil) something strange a) political —_b) existing from birth ¢) borrowed) fatal a) sharing a job )sharing a boundary ¢) never-ending _) surprising a)toheal —b) to make partof a group e)tateach _—_) to imitate a)notexactb) slow-moving) genuine) unyielding a) unprejudiced _b) undeniable __¢) washable) impossible a)one-sided —b) uncaring ¢) playful) hard-working. a)to prepare b)toprecede —e)toprevent_ —_) to bring in a) ahint of evil to come —b)amemory —_¢) anexcuse_—_d) a plan of action a)acircus performer) aflatterer—¢) atraitor dan expert a)vivid b) constant ¢) faked) deadly a)tobe capable —b) toupset_ —e)togivein —_d) to resist a)to build —b) toencourage —_¢) to make weak) to make fun of a) permanent —b) challenging ¢) hard tofind _) without shape 8) puzzling —b) looked at closely) able tobe moved easily understood a)strict_ —b) nottalkative _¢) not enthusiastic) opinionated a)anxiety —b) enthusiasm —_¢) boredom —_d) good health a)sly —b)hard-working —_¢) silly) uncaring a)areduction ban observation _¢) an inconsistency) an explanation, ‘a) closed —b) undeniable ¢) unknown) never tiring 4) not lasting) not expensive ¢) not common —_d) not able to be touched a) a special right) away of life ¢) an opinion d) a question a)torepeat —b)tocarry —_c) tomake right) to prove a) insensitive b) rapid —_€) understood though unspoken _d) polite a) arefusal to speak b) apleae)atheory —)acritical speech (Continues on next page)100. Protest of the Whole Book ameliorate a) oremove —b) toworsen_¢) to improve _d) to steal capricious a) steady) worried ¢) careful with money d) unpredictable elucidate a) tourderstand —_b) toexp e)toadd tod) to lose ephemeral a) temporary b) vicious c) honest) worthless | fallacious a) unusual) harmless ¢) mistaken _d) graceful judicious a) wise and careful b) foolish ¢) legal) young and careless . spurious a) genuine») common —_e) leftover) counterfeit - volatile a) willing b) insensitive ¢) numerous) unstable anomaly a)an annoyance) a peculiarity) a weakness d) a preventive measure . astute a)shy —b)recent e) braved) perceptive . aversion a) strong dislike) explanation _¢) preference) absence eclectic a)energetic _b) welleducated —¢) varied d) religious, equanimity a)calmness —_b) aggressiveness) equality d) jealousy Paradigm ——a)anabnormality —b)apuzzle—¢)amodel_—_d)atrick | prodigious a) great b) perfect ¢) childish) annoying - recalcitrant a) worthless) disobedient ¢) conservative _d) reckless . soporific a) suspicious _b) teasing) causing drunkenness d) causing drowsiness . abstemious a) self-denying _b) self-important__¢) self-confident) self-conscious . eredulous a) doubting) respected) highly educated __—_d) easily convinced extraneous a) complicated __b) not essential) excellent d) remaining . gratuitous a) thankful —b) uncalled for —_¢) apologetic) forced incipient a) beginning _b) badly planned —_¢) without reason) threatening intractable a)hardtocontrol_—_b) scarce ¢) unrecognizable _d) restless neferious a) wicked —_b) well-dressed ¢) amusing) di ant profusion a)amixup —_b)arich supply _¢)ashortage da solutionUnit One | Chapter 1 r Incidental Chapter § copious dearth | eloquent | Jargon | levity ‘exuberance surreptitious writhe meander peripheral ‘substantiate unobtrusive vacitlate Chapter 2 brusque morose | dispassionate nonchalance effervescent progeny Indetatigable stole misanthrope voracious Chapter 4 | brevity queruious | | clemency reproach | frivolous respite | heist torpor | lampoon unscathedUNIT ONE: Pretest In the space provided, write the leter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced word. __ 1. brusque a) gruff —b) bright —¢) silly d) polite 2. clemency a) speed. b) strength e) cleverness.) mercy _ [Link] a) disappointment») corruption _¢) counting by tens d) defense —— 4. eloquent a) persuasive b) boring) simple) melting, _— [Link] a)excellent. by extinct c) excessive d) exotic __ 6. fledgling a)flying —b) shedding) new —_) failing 7 heist a)aburglary —b)alifting up ¢)amistake —) an imitation _. 8. incessant a) not clever__—-b) not stopping —_e) careless) soundless — 9 incidental a) major_—b) minor__—_¢) historical) incredible ___ 10. indefatigable a) satisfied b) depressed ¢) uncaring d) untiring a) humor) specialized language _c) astandard—_d) a ruler a)toleam —b)toenlighten —¢)tomake funof —_d) to. admire fa)merriness _b) weariness ¢) surprised) envy 14, misanthrope a) an antisocial person b) alover—_¢) acriminal__) a mentally ill person 15. nonchalance a) uneasiness.) indifference ¢) nonexistence __d) stupidity —— 16. progeny a) supporters. b)enemies —_e) ancestors. d) descendants ___ 17. querulous _)cheerful__—_b) complaining —_¢) shivering) curious ___ 18. reproach a)condemnation _b) closeness ¢) deceit —_) thanks 19. respite fa) an assignment —b) aperiod of reste) asalary — d) a skill _— 20. stoie a) insane b)emotional__¢) showing no distress __) planning ahead 21. substantiate a)to prove —_b) toreport_ —_¢) toconceal_—_) to attack 22. supplant a) to displace b) to summarize) to supervised) to restore a)toleave —b)toretum —_e)ohhesitate__d) to speak 24. voracious a) truthful) very hungry —_¢) very busy d) cautious 25. writhe a)totwist —b)tofall_ —¢)tocreate_—d) to wear (Continues on next page)Unit One: Pretest . affinity a) preference —_b) happiness. e)envy —_d) dislike brevity a)length —_b) shortness ¢) strength —_d) fame . coalesce a) to produce) tocover—€} (unite) to interfere. copious a) plentiful b) cooperative ©) persuasive) capable |. dearth fa) sadness) surplus ¢) shortage) fear |. dispassionate a) prejudiced —_b) unemotional _¢) excited) predictable . effervescent a) nervous bj interested ¢) lively d) dull exuberance a) apathy) excitement —_¢) wealth) poverty |. frivolous a) cold) inexpensive ¢) silly) serious hackneyed a) amusing) true) false) overused 4a) friendless b) penniless) confused __) frustrated a)to wonder b)to wander ¢)tostop_—_d) to hurry morose a)frantic b) puzzled ¢) depressed) angry . opulence ‘a)tiches bj influence —_¢) closeness) obedience parsimonious a)stingy —b) solemn —_€) generous.) impatient peripheral a) less frequent) less sure. ¢) lessrisky less important prodigal a)angry b)clever extravagant) successful proximity a) contrast_ —b) process €) nearness) appearance sagacious a) sensible.) sensory —_¢) foolish _—_d) fearless . surreptitious a) obvious b) secretive extra) repeated . torpor a) relevance Bb) inactivity) energy) hostility . unassailable a) undeniable ) unpredictable ¢) unimportant) untrue unobtrusive a) not noticeable) not present —_¢) not available) not friendly unscathed a) unhappy _b) Unclothed —¢) unreal) unharmed |. voluminous a) valuable b) huge) variable) tiny [__ scone: (Sumber correct) 2= % |CHAPTER 1 | affinity proximity | fledgling sagacious hackneyed supplant incessant unassallable | opulence voluminous | Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning, 1 affinity ‘e'fimatiy Affinity means 2 fledgling /fledgliny adjective Fledgling means 3 hackneyed /haeknudi adjective Hackneyed means 4 incessant mn'sesont/ ~adjective Incessant means 5 opulence /opjulansy Opulence means 6 proximity pprok'simati/ noun _— Proximity means + Itis hard for someone with an affinity for warm weather to be happy living in Alaska. + My cat has an affinity for small, dark hiding places — I've often found her asleep in my dresser drawer, under the footstool, and inside my suitcase. a, a preference, b. a fear, . ignorance. + The short-story class is full of fledgling writers. They’re all enthusiastic, but since they're beginners, they're shy about sharing their work. + Myra and her sisters are excited about their fledgling catering service, which ‘was booked for three parties during its first week of business. a, old. b. new. ©. different. + The hackneyed phrase “Have a nice day!” is heard so often that it has become almost meaningless + The worst part of our family reunions is hearing my uncle's hackneyed jokes — the ones he’s been telling since about 1950. a. worn-out. . insulting. . funny. + Mrs, Raglan finally insisted that her husband see a doctor about his incessant snoring — it didn’t bother him, but she wasn’t getting any sleep. + The children nearly drove their parents crazy on the long car trip with their incessant demands: “Are we there yet? Is it much further? How much longer?" a. silent. b. wise. . nonstop. + The opulence of the magnificent, luxurious resort was in stark contrast to the poverty of the little fishing village at its gates. + The writer Thoreau had no liking for opulence. He wrote in his journal, “That man is richest whose pleasures are the cheapest.” a. closeness. ». riches. ¢. permanence. + The proximity of the railroad tracks worries neighborhood parents when their children play outside. + 1 don’t drive a ear, so wher! I was apartment hunting, I had to consider the proximity of public transportation. a. similarity. b. contrast. c. nearness,7 10 sagacious 0'gerfos/ -adjective Sagacious means supplant sso'planty -verb ‘Supplant means unassailable sano'seilabl/ -adjective Unassailable means voluminous jva'ljusminas/ sadjective Voluminous means Chapter 1 9 ‘The Bible tells the story of King Solomon, who was so sagacious that he knew what to do when two women came to him, both claiming to be the mother of the same child. Often when you are faced with a difficult situation, the sagacious thing is to do nothing right away, but wait to see what happens. a, silly. b. intelligent. . strong. ‘Acme Company fired its entire accounting staff today. It intends to supplant these employees with part-time workers. ‘An idealistic young revolutionary overthrew the dictator and set democratic government. But he too was soon supplanted when a m strongman seized power. pa a. toreplace. b. to restore, cc. to support. ‘The Evanses’ claim that their house is the oldest in town is unassailable. They have a deed dated 1804, and copy was filed in the county courthouse that same year. “My opponent may try to attack me,” said the candidate, “but my record is unassailable. On every issue, I've voted for the benefit of this city.” a. untrue. b. undeniable. . unimportant, Denise chose a wedding dress in a “Southem belle” style, with a long, voluminous skirt. Now she’s worried she'll trip over all those yards of material. In the weeks before Christmas, each issue of our newspaper is voluminous, swollen enormously by all the ads. After the holidays, the paper shrinks back to its normal size. a. valuable. . cut shor. c. large. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Cleerly write or print each word next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. een ans 10. ‘New and untried; inexperienced; newly hatched Luxury Closeness Overused; stale; trite Impossible to deny Big; bulky To take the place of ‘A natural attraction or liking Wise; sensible Constant; without stopping CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your gos! is eventually o know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions a al10 Chapter 1 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, complete each item below the correct word from the box. Use each word once. aaffinty b fledgling. hackneyed d. incessant. opulence | | proximity 9. sagacious _h, supplant unassalleble j. voluminous 1, Irene knew her roommate's family was wealthy, but nothing had prepared her for the __ of their home — it was like a palace. 2. During the 1960s, the Beatles held an __ position as the world’s most popular rock group. They sold more records and won more fame than any other band. : 3. In her ___ tote bag, my mother carries money, credit cards, photos, makeup, a mirror, running shoes, and an amazing quantity of other stuff. 4, It would not be __ to go out today without an umbrella — look at those black clouds! __ 5. Crows have a(n) __ for bright, shiny things, so they sometimes pick up bits of mirrors, metal, of jewelry and carry them back to their nests. 6. “You'll always be my best friend,” Christy told Carole when Carole moved away. “I may have other friends, but no one will ever ___ you in my heart.” 7. Mr. Engelhardt finally told his daughter to stop jogging in place in her upstairs bedroom; the __ pounding noise was hhim a headache. 8. While visiting Hollywood, Sayda was excited by the __ of movie stars, “You could be standing right beside one and never know it!” she said. 9.1 get my hair done cheaply by going to a beauty school, where __ hairdressers do cuts and coloring for half of what more experienced beauticians charge. 10. Allie has decided to stop saying the __ word “Hello!” when she answers the phone. Instead, she says “Greetings!” > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. The instructor told me, “You have an unfortunate __ for ___ phrases. ‘To improve your writing, you'll need to get over your fondness for stale, worn-out expressions.” 3-4, Though only a(n) __ politician, our new young senator made very decisions during her first year in office. Her wisdom suggests that she has a promising future.‘Chapter 1 1 5-6. The luxury hotel stands in close __ io a shabby, run-down housing Project, and the __ of che one is a striking contrast to the poverty of Te the other. —______________ 7-8. The report on child abuse was __ — over a thousand pages — and filled with __ evidence that child abuse is a widespread problem toxtay. 9-10. After receiving __ complaints for weeks that its telephone operators were rude and careless, the mail-order company decided to them with a computerized ordering system. »> Final Check: Blue Jeans Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in eack blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will heip you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. “An American classic” is a(n) (1). phrase, overused to describe everything from meatloaf to the latest hairstyle. But at least one thing has a(n) (2)__-_ right to be called an American classic. Blue jets were born in the United States during the great California gold rush of 1849. They were created by Levi Strauss, a German who sold dry-goods to the cowboys and gold miners of San Francisco. Strauss realized that the (3)__ — of all those workingmen created an opportunity for him. He considered what all those miners and cowboys would be likely to buy, and he was (4)_____ enough to realize that they needed tough, inexpensive pants. He founded the Levi Strauss Company to manufacture what he called “waist trousers,” At first the (5)_ __ company did make a few mistakes. For instance, it placed a copper rivet at the jeans’ crotch, where the main seams came together. When cowboys wearing the jeans sat around the campfire, that copper rivet heated up, making getting back into the saddle a painful experience. But such mistakes were few, and Levi Strauss’s pants became so popular that they som (6)_ (©)d almost every other kind of pants among the workingmen of the West. Strauss was able to retire and live in (7)__. Since then, the general public has developed such a(n) (8), for biue jeans that they have never gone out of style. However, they have been constantly changed by the ©) ___ never-ending tides of fashion, During the 1950s, teenagers wore them straight and tight. In the 1960s, the look was (10)___ ____ belt-bottoms, that swept the ground. Since then jeans have been tie-dyed, acid-washed, ripped, cut off, and made of every imaginable material. Stil, they all have a common ancestor: the tough “ invented by Strauss a century and a half ago. Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside hack cover of the book.CHAPTER 2 brusque dispassionate effervescent | indefatigable misanthrope Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning, 2 1 brusque sbrask) -adjective __ Brusque means 2 dispassionate AAis pefanay, -adjective __ Dispassionate means 3 effervescent efa'vesanty adjective __ Effervescent means 4 indefatigable jndy'feetigabl -adjective __ Indefatigable means 5 misanthrope /mizon®roupy noun __. Misanthrope seans 6 morose sma'rous/ -adjective + _ Morose means Rose lost her job as a receptionist because she was so brusque with people who called. The office replaced her with someone who spoke more politely. Although Maria seems brusque when you first meet her, she’s really just shy with people she doesn’t know well, After you talk with her awhile, she becomes more relaxed and friendly. a. blunt, b. admirable. . silly The surgeon’s voice was dispassionate when he told the patient's family that the operation had failed, but despite his calm tone, his eyes looked very sad. “Historians are supposed to be dispassionate,” the lecturer apologized, “but when my topic is the horrors of slavery, I find it hard to keep my feelings hidden.” a. unreasonable. b. unemotional. c. disturbing. ‘The lecturer could hardly be described as effervescent. She droned on about the Federal Reserve in a dreary voice, never looking up fromn her nates. ‘Marnie is on the way to stardom, When her play opened last night, the raved about her “effervescent charm,” saying that she “lit up the stage.” a. hard-working, b. nervous. lively. ‘When Mona and her friend Patty get together, they are indefatigable talkers. ‘They talk endlessly and tirelessly about everything ‘The great athlete seemed indefatigable. After running a marathon, swimming for miles, and biking up steep hills, she was still energetic. a. easily tired. b. never getting tired. c. depressed, Molitre’s play The Misanthrope is about a man, Alceste, who is enraged and disgusted by his fellow humans. To put it briefly, Alceste hates everyone, One of our neighbors is a trae ruisanthrope. She hasn't a friend in the world: in fact, she looks on everyone as an enemy. a. an antisocial person. b. acriminal. . a lunatic, (On the first workday of the yeaf, everyone at the office seemed morose. No wonder we felt low; after the holidays, it’s always a letdown to pet back to work. Lamy always becomes morose when he drinks. Since alcohol makes him feel so dreary and blue, you'd think he'd give it up. a. confused, , franti . gloomy.Chapter 2 13 7 nonchalance Nonchalance is not appropriate behind the wheel of a car. An automobile is fnonfatans/ not a toy to be played with casually — it is a dangerous machine to be handled noun with concentration. + Trying to create an impression of nonchalance despite his nervousness, Hari strolled to the speaker's stand smiling and whistling a little tune. __Nonchalance means a. uneasiness b. lack of concern. ¢. lack of awareness, 8 progeny + In the wonderful children’s book Charlotte's Web, Charlotte, the spider, dies, Pprodgani but several of her progeny stay to befriend Charlotte's beloved Wilbur, the pig. snoun + Grandfather worked at two jobs in order to provide food and clothing for his many progeny. __ Progeny means a. enemies. b. leaders, c. offspring. 9 stoic + My dog's reaction to getting his yearly shots is hardly stole. It takes the vet Fstourks and two assistants to hold him down, and he howls as if he’s being tom to -adjective Pieces. + “Some patients’ stoic response to illness oF injury is truly amazing,” the doctor said. “Come what may, they remain calm and courageous.” __ Stoic means a. emotional, b. showing no distress. c. planned. 10 voracious + Beagles are voracious eaters — their owners say they will eat anything that’s wnv'reifas/ not nailed down — so they tend to become fat unless they get enough exercise. adjective + Ginny has a voracious appetite for news. She gets a morning and an evening newspaper, listens to an “all news, all the time” radio station, and watches the TV newscast every night. __ Voracious means a. greedy, b. small. ©. unconcerned. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words, Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 ‘A person who hates or distrusts humankind 2 Children; descendants 3B Bubbling with high spirits; exhilarated 4, Not influenced by emotion; impartial 5 Rudely abrupt; curt Casual indifference; lack of concern Uni Seemingly unaffected by pain or discomfort Ravenous; consuming of eager to consume large amounts; insatiable Very gloomy or sullen CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sre the above answers are cnrect. Then you can use the definitions ‘orhelp you inthe following practices. Your goal i eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions a al14 Chapter 2 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. ©. effervescent ¢. indefatigable, misanthrope | |. stole }. voracious | 1. It’s difficult to ask Professor Henderson a quest a(n) __ “What? What kind of question is that?” 1n. His typical response is 2. Dad was a(n) walker. He could hike for mile after mile, never seeming to get weary. 3. When they feel nervous and ill at ease, many people try'to achieve an air of ___ by putting their hands in their pockets and humming. 4, The kids were sulky and __ on the first day of school. They hated to face the fact that summer had ended. 5. “I intend to bear this with __ courage,” Eileen vowed as she set forth for the dentist's office. “And also with plenty of Novocain.” 6. At the end of the day, the second-graders were as __as they had been when it began, telling jokes and giggling. Their teacher envied their high spirits 7. The funny book Cheaper by the Dozen tells the story of the Gilbreth clan, which consisted of a mother, a father, and twelve red-haired. 8, Although they are small, most rodents are __ eaters. Mice, gerbils, and hamsters nibble almost constantly. ____ 9. Will Rogers was the exact opposite of a(n) __. He once said, “I never met > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines, complete each item below aman I didn't like.” 10. 1 find this editorial convincing, partly because it is so __. | like it when a writer reasons with readers, rather than trying to manipulate their feelings. two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. The English have the reputation of being __, with ice water in their veins, and __ — dry-eyed in the face of tragedy. But their emotional reaction to the death of Princess Diana cast doubt on that hackneyed? stereotype. 3-4. Simon, who is enthusiastic and __, was brimming over with excitement as he presented his idea in class. But the professor, a blunt, curt type, gave it a(n) __ one-word dismissal: “Wrong.”Chapter 2 15 —______________ 5-6. Our __, gloomy uncle is utterly friendless, but he insists he is not a(n) _—-“Tdon’t hate people,” he claim “L just haven't met any that I like. 7-2, Jill is a sensation-seeker who has a(n) __ appetite for excitement and __ in looking for it. She is tireless in her quest for thrilling, risky experiences. 9-10. Marian approached parenthood with a certain __, taking it all But her husband, who was awed by the thought of having ___, felt very solemn about it. 2» Final Check: Do Opposites Attract? Here ightly. a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the foliowing selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once, With regard to romance, it is widely believed that “opposites attract,” but psychologists tell us many ways. Let us hope the psychologists are right, that lovers usually resemble each othe because it seems likely that a marriage between opposites would be a bumpy road. If Joe is (1) . Teady to jog a few miles after sawing a cord of firewood, while Ann needs to lie down and rest for an hour after dusting the piano, how happy can they be together? If Jordan has a(n) (2)__________ appetite while Amy “eats like a bird,” imagine a typical meal: he’s on his third helping before she has even taken a bite. If Julio is sad and (3)__ while Assunta is bubbly, bouncy, and (4), . how long can it be before one of them starts to get on the other's nerves? What about Jerrold, who takes to his bed with the sniffles while his (5) wife Abbie bravely hobbles off to work on a broken leg? What about (6), Jan, whose attitude and his wife Ali toward life is one of casual (7), +, who is intenseiy committed to every cause from AIDS to humane 200s? No, the outlook is not bright for these couples. And what of their (8) 2 Children are supposed to “take after” their parents, but that would be a problem for someone whose father is a(n) (9) and whose mother “loves everyone,” or for the offspring of a(n) (10). , blunt, no-nonsense mother and an easygoing, soft-spoken father. Opposites may attract, then, but, despite their affinity® for each other, it might not be sagacious® for opposites to marry. Final Check. % Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,CHAPTER coalesce Insolvent | decadence parsimonious | exemplary prodigal exuberance surreptitious incidental writhe Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 16 1 coalesce /kova'les/ verb _ Coalesce means 2 decadence fdekadons/ -noun __ Decadence means 3 exemplary ‘fagzemplori/ adjective __ Exemplary means 4 exuberance ‘Ag'zjurbarans/ __ Exuberance means 5 incidentai janst'dentaly adjective _ Incidental means 6 insolvent 1na'splvant/ adjective __ Insolvent means + Four block associations in our neighborhood will coalesce to form a single task force. + When I got caught in a rainstorm, I leamed that the dyes in my new shirt weren't ‘waterproof. The red and blue stripes ran and coalesced into purple smears. a. to join b. to produce. ¢. [Link] into being. + The older generation always seems to see decadence among young people, groaning that “kids today” are spoiled, lazy, and extravagant. + Grandfather considers the internal combustion engine a sign of the decadence of Westem civilization. “Stop the decay before it’s too late!” he says. “Get out of your cars, get on your feet, and walk!” a. a disappointment. b. adecline ¢. disapproval, + Christine has a glowing letter of recommendation from her former boss, in which he says, “She is an exemplary employee who always does more than is asked.” + This year, the “Teacher of the Year” award was given to not one but two exemplary instructors. a. excellent, b. extra. c. exotic, Jenny called all her friends, shrieking with exuberance over being accepted at her first-choice college. + Children may believe they are the only ones who are happy to see summer vacation arrive, but their teachers feel some exuberance, too! a, fear, b. boredom. ©. joy. + Selma chose her college because it has such a good nursing program, but an incidental reason was that it is located in a beautiful town. Rita and Jen moved in together so they could split the rent, but an incidental effect is that they can borrow each other’s clothes. a. secondary. b. incorrect. . secret. + Barry lost his head when he got his first credit card. He went on a spending spree, couldn't pay his bills, and ended up insolvent. + Compulsive gamblers often lose so much money that they become insolvent, ‘but they can’t control their urge, and their debt keeps growing a. without money. b. without friends. ¢. without goals.7 8 9 10 parsimonious {parsi'maunias) adjective Parsimonious means prodigal prodigal’ adjective Prodigal means surreptitious ssarapitfas) -adjective ‘Surreptitious means writhe raid) rb Writhe means Chapter 3 7 + The boss, a parsimonious man, insists that we save old memos and letters and use the backs of pages as note paper. + Elena is a parsimonious cook. She creates cheap meals from old cheese rinds, stale bread, and wilted vegetables. They taste awful. a. stingy. b. mischievous. c. talented. + Mary and Kim both make decent salaries. They could live comfortably on what they make if they weren’t such prodigal spenders. + I don’t think it’s prodigal to spend some extra money to get well-made shoes. Cheap ones fall apart so fast that you soon end up buying another pi a. useful, ». extravagant. . carefull + Students naturally want to know what will be covered on a test. Instead of trying to find out by surreptitious means, it is better simply to ask the instructor, who is often willing to provide at least a rough idea, + As the wedding reception ended, several guests made surreptitious trips to the parking lot, where they tied tin cans and crepe paper to the newlyweds’ car. a. straightforward. b. useless. c. secret. + Grandpa remembers the scratchy long underwear he wore to school in the winter: “It was so itchy that I would writhe and wriggle at my desk all day long.” + The children writhed with impatience as they waited to board the plane. “Stop fidgeting before you drive me nuts,” their weary father begged them. a, freeze, b. squeeze. cc. squirm. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 10. een awry CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the de ‘Too thrifty; stingy; miserly Wasteful and reckless with money High-spirited enthusiasm To twist and turn, as in pain or discomfort A condition of moral deterioration; decay Worthy of imitation; praiseworthy Unable to pay debts; penniless ‘To merge to form one whole Done in a secret or sly way; stealthy ‘Occurring as a minor consequence of something more important to help you inthe following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need tocheck the definitions all18 Chapter 3 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. / d. exuberance 9, incidental | 1 surreptitious. writhe 1, Three high schools in the county have __(e)d to create a centralized “magnet” school. 2. Although the local newspaper is small, it has an excellent reputation. In fact, every year it wins statewide awards for its __ reporting. 3, “Stopping smoking can save your life,” said the doctor. “And there are some __ benefits as well: you won't have stained teeth, yellow fingers, or bad breath.” 4, The school’s _ administration decided to save money by dimming all the lights. The students, who could barely see to read, protested angrily. 5. “When the rich get richer and the poor get poorer,” the economist warned, “that is a sign of ___: the society is starting to weaken.” 6. Smoking is forbidden in the office, but some employees keep sneaking off for __ trips to the fire stairs, where they light up. 7. Trying to scratch an itchy spot on its back, the pig __(e)d and twisted as it rubbed against the fence. 8. When stories came out about the senator's lavish offices, his many trips to luxury resorts, and his huge staff of underworked employees, taxpayers complained about such a(n) ___waste of their money. 9. The shelter for the homeless has made an urgent appeal for donations. Without more contributions to pay its bills, it will soon be 10. As soon as Tony came in the door, I knew he had good news. His __ showed all over his face. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines, complete cach item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. When it comes to food, most of us have Some private, ___ pleasures Liz stirs honey and mashed potatoes together until they _. then eats the goo with a spoon. 3-4, In theit __ over knowing a secret, children often blurt it out — “My ‘daddy’s hair comes off?” — while their parents __ with embarrassment.Chapter 3 19 5-6. Vann will never end up __; he’s far too ___ ever to overspend. On Halloween, he gave each irick-or-treater a penny. ___ spending is sometimes considered a sign of __. People who love ‘opulence? and fling their money around senselessly are seen as deteriorating morally. ). “Virtue is its own reward,” is an old saying, meaning that __ behavior is valuable for its own sake. Other benefits, such as praise, are merely > Final Check: What Are You Stingy About? Here isa final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Few people like to think of themselves as cheap, but almost everyone seems to be o about something. Even rich, extravagant people who are QO in most ways are likely to be thrifty about, say, toothpaste. My father, ‘who has taken business trips with many fat-cat executives, reports that even they will squeeze the last litte bit out of a tube of toothpaste by shutting a window or a door on it, rather than throw it away. Many of us are stingy with soap, using a bar until it is reduced to a tiny sliver and then squeezing a few of the soap fragments together in the hope they will (3) Nearly anyone will (4) and crawl to get a dropped nickel out from under the bed. | fold and save used aluminum foil to reuse again and again. And when a bottle of shampoo is nearly empty, I add water to get a few more washes out of it. Countless people reuse tea bags. My sagacious® mother-in-law [Link] a thrifty trick: When a bottle of beer or soda looks empty, lay it on its side for a while — a few drinkable drops will soon collect. Why do we do these things? We aren't really afraid that taking a new tea bag or anew piece of foil isa sign of moral (5). _—. or that it will make us (6)_ Nor do we think our thrift is (7), , because it’s often (8) wwe do it on the sly rather than holding ourselves up as a model. Since the actual saving is so small, it must be (9)_ ___1o the main benefit: the feeling of satisfaction we get. This is ike the (10)_"_we feel when we find a dime or a quarter on the street — or even a penny, if it's heads up. Final Check Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on he inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 4 i | helst Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning 20 1 brevity sbrevaty __ Brevity means 2 clemency /'klemansi/ __ Clemency means 3 frivolous /frvatos) adjective __ Frivolous means 4 heist Jhatst/ “noun __ Heist means 5 lampoon Azem'puiny verb __ Lampoon means 6 querulous kwerjulos/ adjective __ Querulous means Everyone was surprised by the brevity of the principal's speech at graduation. He spoke for less than five minutes. . President Calvin Coolidge was famous for the brevity of his remarks. When a ‘woman told him, “I have a bet that I can get you to say three words to me!” his, response was, “You lose.” a. strength, b. intelligence. ¢. briefness. ‘A good teacher knows when to show clemency. For instance, if a student has, been working very hard but does poorly on one quiz, the teacher might offer ‘not to count that score. ‘The convicted murderer was executed, even though religious leaders around the world asked the court to show clemency and reduce his sentence to life in prison. a, mercy. ». haste. ¢. strength, Do you fee! like seeing a serious movie, or something more frivolous? ‘One moment we were laughing over some ridiculous joke, but then the news of our friend's injury put an end to our frivolous mood. a. lighthearted. b. cold-hearted, . brokenhearted, The house was unlocked, empty, and full of wedding presents — a perfect target for a heist. ‘The action movie was about the attempted heist of a famous painting, Leonardo da Vinci's “Mona Lisa.” a. a purchase. b. an ©. aburglary. ‘Somesne in our office lampooned all our paperwork by circulating a six-page form to be submitted, in triplicate, by anyone who wanted a pencil. Several humorless employees actually filled it out. Forbidden Broadway is a comedy show consisting of takeoffs on plays running in New York, Each theater season it lampoons a new crop of victims. a. to summarize. D. to make fun of. . to praise, People who work in the “Complaints” department of a store must get used to dealing with lots of querulous customers. The spoiled little boy looked et his pile of birthday presents and said in a querulous voice, “None of them are very big, are they?” a. shaky. b. dishonest. c. discontented.7 8 9 10 __ Unscathed means reproach imiprouts) noun Reproach means respite sfrespatt) -noun Respite means torpor ospo) -noun ‘Torpor means unscathed ssn'sker6d/ adjective Chapter 4 21 ‘The kids deserve a reproach for making such a mess of the house while their parents were away. During the campaign, both candidates drew a reproach from the newspapers for making untruthful statements and generally behaving very badly. a, an expression b. an expression . an expression of thanks. of disapproval. of respect. Emergency-room doctors work long shifis. Their only respite is a short nap on acouch, Twice a week, a nurse spends an afternoon at the Hendersons” house, so that Mrs. Henderson can have a respite from caring for her sick husband. a. time off. b. a salary. c. amark of respect. When Dermot took a midwinter vacation in Florida, the unaccustomed heat drained his energy. His torpor was so overwhelming that all he wanted to do was lie in a hammock. ‘The sleepy little town seemed to doze peacefully through the summer afternoon, It looked as if nothing could rouse it from its torpor. a. hostil ty. b. curiosity. c. drowsiness. “Thanks to my seat belt,” said Frankie, “I was able to walk away from the collision unscathed. Without it, | would probably have been badly injured.” When her husband left her, Mimi lamented, “I wish I could say that this has left me unscathed. But the truth is that I’ve been deeply wounded.” a. strengthened. b. angry. . unhurt, Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly w or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 10. ee nravapn A state of mental or physical inactivit Complaining: ‘To attack or ridicule through humorous imitation Blame; a rebuke Briefness; shortness of duration ; sluggishness. A theft Not sensible; not properly serious; silly Mercy in judging; leniency Not harmed or injured A short period of rest or relief; time out CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you inthe following practices, Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need ‘check the definitions at al,22 Chapter 4 > Sentence Check | Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. a. brevity b. clemency . frivolous d. helst @. lampoon {. querulous 4g. reproach h. respite i. torpor ——j._ unscathed > Sentence Check 2 1. Feeling ___ on a sunny Saturday morning, | treated myself to a manicure rather than doing the housework that was waiting for me. 2. The police believe at least three people were involved in the jewelry-store ____1 one to be a lookout, one to do the actual stealing, and one to drive the getaway car, . 3. Since the shoplifting incident was James's first such offense, the court showed __ and only fined him rather than sending him to jail. 4. Professor Mazzeo’s lectures are noted for their__. He frequently finishes speaking before even half the hour is up. 5. Although Mr. Hackman frequently says, “I don’t like to complain,” his conversation is full of __ comments about all the things that upset him. 6. After a snake eats, it generally falls into a state of ___ for a day or more, barely moving or even breathing, 7. Our cat fell out of an attic window but walked away __. 8. Some very funny movies are takeoffs on certain types of serious movies. For instance, Airplane __s disaster movies, while Love at First Bite makes fun of vampire films. 9. I spend Thursday mornings at my sister's house, her very active two-year-old twins. ing her some __ from 10, Sheila is a very forgiving person. Although she had every right to be angry at me for what I did, she accepted my apology without a word of __. Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. Political cartoons ___ public figures, but this mockery is not __; rather than being merely funny, it is meant to reveal and comment on social problems and wrongdoing. 3-4, Caring for a loved one during a long illness does not leave even an exemplary caregiver __. In fact, “burnout” is very likely if the caregiver does not have a(n) _ from time to time. 5-6. According to Shakespeare, ““___ is the soul of wit.” If so, the one-line joke is beyond ___, since it could hardly be briefer.Chapter 4 23 ____________ 1.8. The thief who was responsible for the __ pleaded for __, claiming that he was a modern-day Robin Hood. “I steal from the rich and give to the poor,” he said. 9-10. Champagne makes many people sleepy. But others, rather than being overcome by __, feel irritable and __ after drinking it > Final Check: Loony but True Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the hox at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. One reason why people watch TV and movies is to laugh at fictional characters and the goofy things they do, But guess what, folks — real people are every bit as silly, and just as easy co oO . Here are some stories from the files of “Incredible but True...” ‘An insolvent? homeless man walked into a bank in Michigan and asked a teller for filly cents. She didn't understand what he'd said and thought he was trying to rob het. So she handed over ll the cash in her drawer — about $1,300. He thasiked her and lei. When the police caught up with the rman, they didn’t charge him with a crime. They had to show (2) «they said, because he hadn't done anything illegal or surepritious® — he had just openly asked for money. A real bank robber was captured within a few minutes of his (3), "the @. of his freedom was easily explained. He had written his holdup nots on the back of his own pay stub, complete with his name and address. When he got home, the cops were already there, waiting for him, When police in Florida noticed a car weaving in and out of its lane, they pulled it over. Imagine their surprise when they found a three-and-a-half-foot-long iguana at the wheel. The large lizard was sitting on the lap of its sleeping owner, who was taking, a short (5)__ _ from driving. Fortunately, he and the lizard were both (6) of the two, however, the lizard made out better. ft got a nice new home, while the man went to jail for drunk driving. The judge didn't pay much attention to the man’s (7)___ that it was the iguana who had actually been driving. A fishing fell out of the sky. Everyone assumed that the sailors had made up this (8) complaint ip in the Sea of Japan sank, and its crew claimed it had been struck by a cow that story to escape (9) for some mistake of their own. But then the crew of a Russian cargo plane admitted they had stolen a cow they'd found wandering on an airfield and put it aboard the plane. Now, cows are generally extremely calm animals, But cruising at 30,000 feet shook even a calm cow out of her usual (10) ‘The tertified animal panicked, dived out of the plane, and, well, there was the ship. Enter your scores above and inthe vocabudary performance chart on the inside back cover ofthe book.CHAPTER 5 copious meander dearth peripheral eloquent substantiate | Jargon unobtrusive levity vacillate Ten Words in Context t In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the ‘context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 24 1 copious /'koupias/ -adjective __ Copious means 2 dearth 13:0) noun __ Dearth means 3 eloquent felokwonty adjective __ Eloquent means 4 jargon ‘fdga:gon) snoun __ Jargon means 5 levity Aevety noun __ Levity means 6 meander smi'enda/ -verb __ Meander means ‘The food at the party was too copious: the guests stuffed themselves, but there were still platters and bowls of food left over. . ‘Weeds are copious in Charlene’s garden, but flowers are few. a. of poor quality. b. plentiful. ©. persuasive. ‘The director of the Class Night show said gloomily, “We have a dearth of talent this year, Not one of these acts is worth putting on stage.” ‘The dearth of snow this winter disappointed my children. They had received new sleds for Christmas but never got a chance to use them. a. a surplus b. a sufficient amount. c. a shortage. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is considered one of the most eloquent speeches of all time, but on the day he gave it, many in the audience were insulted. They thought it was too short, ‘The director of the shelter for battered women wrote an eloquent letter to the newspapers, movingly describing the victims” plight and pleading for donations. a. stirring. b. confusing. c. simple. “It’s essential that you learn the vocabulary of this subject,” the instructor warmed us, “or the jargon, if you prefer. Whatever you call it, it will be on the test.” Bernice wanted 10 make a home-cooked meal for her friends but was puzzled by all the jargon in the cookbook. What did braise mean? Or sauté? Or mince? a. grammatical errors, _b, technical language. . humor, ‘The playwright George Bernard Shaw once remarked that his method was to say very sefious things, but with “the utmost levity.” He wanted to convey weighty ideas through wit and humor. ‘The guidance counselor thought Kirk’s attitude showed too much levity. “You should laugh less and spend more time thinking about serious things,” she said. a. seriousness. b. surprise. c. lightheartedness. “Come straight home from school,” Mom always said to us. “Don't meander.” ‘The brook meandered through the valley, disappearing into the underbrush, then coming into view again, and here and there even turning back on itself. a. to wander. b. to hurry. ¢. to fall.7 peripheral ipo'rifaral/ adjective 10 _ Vacillate means Peripheral means substantiate ssob'steenfieit/ verb Substantiate means adjective Unobrrusive means vacillate fveesileny -verb Chapter 5 25 ‘The meeting to discuss the new road went slowly because the committee kept bringing up peripheral issues, such as the need for traffic lights on the old road. ‘The lecturer kept getting sidetracked, because audience members repeatedly asked questions about peripheral matters that had litle to do with her topic. a. essential. ». of little importance. . doubtful. If you seek damages under a “lemon law,” be prepared to substantiate your claim that your car is a lemon, You'll need to show all your repair bills and correspondence. A man in our town claims to be 125 years old, but he’s unable to substantiate this. He has no birth certificate, baptismal certificate, court records, or witnesses. a. to report b. to repeat. ¢. to prove. Jared arrived late for class. Hoping to remain unobtrusive, he quickly slid into a seat at the end of the last row. ‘When his favorite author autographed books at the mall, Desmond expected to see a dazzling celebrity. Instead, she turned out to be a small, colorless, unobtrusive person with a timid smile. a. not noticeable. b. not easily forgotten. . not important. Anand reaches decisions very slowly. For instance, when we went to get ice cream last night, he vacillated for fifteen minutes between vanilla and chocolate. Should he call Shelley or Robin? Thinking it over at the phone booth, Andy vacillated as the moments ticked by and the people waiting for the phone got ‘more and more impatient. a. to speak. b. to hesitate . to select. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 2. 3 10. Lightness of manner or speech To move aimlessly; wander lazily; stray Of minor importance or relevance; only slightly connected with what is essential; imelevant ‘To sway indecisively between two opinions Extremely expressive and persuasive Not readily noticeable or eye-catcl ‘The specialized language of people in the same profession \conspicuous To prove the truth of; confirm; verify A scarcity; lack Abundant; in plentiful supply CAUTION: Do not go aay further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions twhelp you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need toccheck the definitions at al26 Chapter S > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, complete each item below the correct word from the box. Use each word once. [Link] _. dearth c. eloquent 4. Jargon e. levity | @. peripheral. substantiate |. unobtrusive. vacillate | 1. It took Andre all night to put together the wagon he had bought for his daughter, The instructions were written in a strange __, such as “Attach flange B to sprocket C and secure with Permacaps.” — 1 got an unfortunate case of the giggles during the boss’s speech. “This is no time for _,” a colleague hissed at me. 3 Can you asked Kay, your story that the dog ate your homework?” the teacher fes!” Kay said, and showed her the veterinarian’s X-rays. 4. The defense attorney's closing argument seemed both __ and convincing, but the jury convicted his cliemt anyway. 5. "We're supposed to be discussing the deuth penalty.” the moderator reminded the panel. "Let’s not get into__ issues like conditions in prisons.” 6. As she thovght about what to wear to her job interview, Amy __(e)d between a conservative navy-blue suit and a more stylish floral dress. 7. Remy’s vegetable garden yielded an uneven crop. There was a(n) __ of tomatoes — three, to be exact — and about a ton of zucchini. 8, During the exam, the instructor __(e)d through the test room, up and down the aisles, left and then right, apparently with no particular purpose — but the students knew she was keeping « sharp eye on them, _ 9. “The costumes must be __,” the playwright urged. “I want the a focus on what the actors are saying, not what they're wearing,” ice to _10, Van took __ notes — they filled three notebooks — but they were se. badly organized that they didn’t do him much good. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. “I'm hearing ___ complaints here, “ said Mom at our family meeting, “but there’s a(n) ____ of constructive ideas. For the next few minutes, I'd like everyone to keep quiet unless you have something sagacious® to say.” 3-4, Some of the most ___ language is also the most simple. For example, Martin Luther King’s famous “I have a dream” speech is something a child could understand, free of high-flown language or technicalChapter 5 27 5-6. After our picnic, the kids and } __(e)d lazily through the woods, taking delight in the tiny ___ wildflowers that we found half-hidden under the dead leaves. _____________ 7-8. “Alice's Restaurant” is a great song by Arlo Guthrie. It begins with Guthrie and his friends having Thanksgiving dinner, then veers off into a very funny __ story aboat being arrested for iittering. Despite its , itends up making a serious statement about the absurdity of war. _________ 9-10. Although the suspect said he could __ his story about being out of town ‘on the night of the crime, he was not very convincing, as he continued to about whether he'd been in Maine or Georgia at the time, > Final Check: Writing a Better Paper Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words, First read the following selection carefully. Then fill each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Many students know enough about grammar and spelling 1 write a paper that's reasonably correct, but they may need some additional guidelines to produce a paper that will be above average — perhaps even (1) - First, choose your topic with care. If a general topic has already been, assigned (such as baseball), choose with care what aspect of it you will discuss (watching it? playing it? hating it? ___. Here are three rules that can help. loving it?). You may assume that topics are scarce, but in fact it's just the opposite. There’s no Q)_____. of potential topi Q possibilities, the one that's best for your purpose, your problem is to select, from the Second, decide what tone you will use, and stick to it. If your subject is technical, it’s fine to use (4)__ then you can be witty. Decide whether you're going to write in your own voice or remain in the background, (6)__ for your topic: if you're discussing suicide, say, or capital punishment, don't try to be funny or If your subject lends itself to (5), and dispassionate*. Be sure your tone is appropriate frivolous®, Whatever tone you decide on, be consistent: don’t (7). between tories. Don't be unbuttoned and slangy in one sentence but formal in the next—your paper will sound awkward and inconsistent. Third, decide what your point is, support it, and stick co it. You need t0 (8)___ it with solid, unassailable® evidence. And don’t (9) along, wandering off imto (10)___ __ topics will fascinate your readers, but it’s more likely to confuse them. In sum, then, to be sure of an exemplary? paper, focus on your topic, your tone, and your sues. You may think that throwing in a few additional Scores Sentence Check 1___% Sentence Check 2_____ Final Check Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT ONE: Review ‘The box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit One. Using the clues at the bottom of the page, fil in these words to complete the puzzle that follows, ACROSS . 12. 17. 21 22. Worthy of imitation or praise Not readily noticeable Blame; a rebuke OF minor importance or relevance ‘To merge to form one whole Mercy in judging Not influenced by emotion; impartial Constant; without stopping ‘Abundant; in plentiful supply 23. Descendants 24, Not harmed or injured 25. A person who hates or distrusts humankind DOWN 1, To wist and tum, as in pain or discomfort A scarcity; lack A short period of rest or relief ‘To sway indecisively between two opinions aay affinity \ clemency | coalesce copious dearth | dispassionate exemplary frivolous incessant | incidental | | misanthrope morose | opulence parsimonious | peripheral progeny | | proximity reproach | | | respite sagacious substantiate unobtrusive unscathed vacillate writhe 8. Luxury 10. Occurring as a minor consequence of something more important 13, Silly 14, Very gloomy or sullen 15. Stingy 16. Closeness 18. Wise; sensible 19, A matural attraction or liking 20. To prove; confirmUNIT ONE: Test 1 PART A, ‘Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided, 1 ML. When you fill out your income tax form, don’t put in any jokes or wise~ cracks. That is called filing a(n) __ return, and it can land you in trouble. a. unobtrusive b. incessant —_c. frivolous 4d. voracious A heat wave makes most of us feel drowsy and lazy. But did you know that people who freeze to death are also overcome by a. jargon ». torpor c. clemency, affinity __ is a factor in friendship and romance. We are most likely to form a relationship with someone who lives next door, sits next to us in class, or ‘works in the next cubicle. a. Decadence. Levity ©. Opulence d, Proximity Do you think juvenile offenders should receive ___ because they are so young? Or should they be punished as harshly as adult lawbreakers? a. decadence. levity ©. progeny 4. clemency . A teenage boy often has a___appetite. He may drink half a gallon of milk. ‘a day, and after he raids the refrigerator, there’s usually not a crumb left. a. voracious _—b. sagacious—_c. peripheral —_d. brusque . Gloomy Gus” is a traditional name for a(n) _ person. a. sagacious —_b, eloquent ¢. morose d. effervescent “__” music is another term for background music in a play or movie. It isn’t a direct result of the plot but is just a minor element to set the mood. a. Querulous —_b. Insolvent. —_¢. Incidental, Indefatigable Robert feels that the old traditional “Welcome” mat is __. So on his doorstep, he has a mat that says “Go Away.” a. stoic b. hackneyed —c. brusque d. copious . In the musical The King and J is the song “I Whistle a Happy Tune.” The singer says that when she feels scared, she whistles to achieve an air of _. a. nonchalance b. decadence. brevity 4. torpor The verb “to __" comes from the actual name of a river in Greece, famous for its winding course. a. supplant b. meander cc. lampoon 4d. substantiate ‘The strikers say that their main demand is higher pay, The other issues, such as working conditions and hours, are just. a. voluminous b. unscathed. incessant. —_—d, peripheral (Continues on next page) 2930 Unit One: Test 1 12. Dion bore his toothache in __ silence for a week before he gave in and ‘went to the dentist. a, voracious. copious . frivolous d. stoic ____ 13. “Swear to me,” whispered Juliet, “that no one else will ever __me in your heart.” Romeo said, “Er, um, well...” a. supplant b. meander c. substantiated, Lampoon PART B Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write [if the word is used incorrectly. 14, Tired of the same old writing assignments, Pia decided to Jampoon the whole idea of the student essay. Her title was “Ten Ways to Produce a Paper Without Saying Anything.” 15, Grandfather needs home health care, but six nurses have quit because he is so querwlous. He never stops complaining and making demands. 16, As Marina’s wedding gifts started to arrive, her mother reminded her, “Be sure to send everyone a note of reproach.” 17. Belinda was unscathed by the tragedy that struck her family. She became more and more despondent and eventually committed suicide. 18. Food was so copious in the war-torn, ravaged city that the people were reduced to eating rats and boiled shoe leather. __— 19. “Our fine library,” the college catalogue boasted, “oflers a dearth of material on every important subject.” __ 20. In theater jargon, “to fly” means to pull scenery up into the fly loft, the area above the stage. 21. The speaker at the funeral said, “I am so overwhelmed by the levity of this sad occasion that I cannot find words to express my grief.” 22. The airline lost Vers substantiate her claim. suitcase, but she had thrown away her baggage check, so she could not 23. Denyse wanted a rock band to play at her wedding, but her husband-to-be insisted on soft, unobirusive music so that the guests could talk without shouting. 24. As he arrived at “Frosty Feast — 1,001 Fabulous Flavors,” Alex made up his mind to vacillate He strode up to the counter and said firmly, “Vanilla, please.” 25. The decadence of the pioneer settlement was striking. Every man, woman, and child worked Yong and hard to build a new community in the wilderness. Seore (Nurmbercomect) Enter your score above and inthe vocabulary performance chart om the inside back cover of the bookUNIT ONE: Test 2 PART A ‘Complete each item with a word from the box. Use each word once. | a. affinity es. brevity ©. brusque incessant +h. opulence —j, parsimonious —_—j._ prodigal 10. Me 12, 13. 4. coalesce 6. eloquent Some writers have a(n) __ for long, unusual words. They love to sea the reader scurrying to the dictionary every few lines. It’s good sense to check the biif in a restaurant, to be sure you haven't been overcharged. Buc many people are embarrassed to do this because they don’t want to look _ ‘The “___son” in the Bible recklessly squanders his entire fortune and then limps back to his father’s home, penniless, ragged, and starving. .. The famous author had no children. When asked if this saddened her, she said no and pointed fo a shelf full of her books. “These are my___,” she said, ‘The boss likes to come across as a hardheaded, tough, __. no-nonsense type. As a result, many of the staff are afraid of him, In the limbo, a dance from the West Indies, the dancers must ___and bend over backward to get under a fow pole. After an aftemoon of hearing his kids’ nonstop quarrels, Matt yelled, top that ___ squabbling before I go out of my mind!” ‘The ___of the theater lobby took our breath away. We were surrounded by gold draperies, crystal chandeliers, gleaming mirrors, velvet carpeting, and marble pillars. . A famous author once apologized for sending a friend a very long letter, saying that the reason was “I didn’t have time to write a short one.” This suggests that __ requires considerable work. Julia was innocently shopping when the store was robbed. But the police suspected that she had taken parti the and arrested her along with the real thieves. ‘Some elementary schools no longer have recess. This troubles many parents and teachers, who feel that children need a(n) during the school day. ‘The speaker’s appeal for the victims of the famine was so that it moved the audience to tears — and to donate generously. Hiding the children’s Easter basket behind the radiator was not a good idea, I should have realized that all the jellybeans would __ into one sticky Iump. (Continues on next page) at32 Unit One: Test 2 PARTS Write C if the italicized ward is used correctly. Write Lif the word is used incorrectly. 14, “Your essay is exemplary,” the professor said. “With your permission, I would like to include it in the next edition of my textbook, as a model research paper.” 15, The exuberance of the children in the hospital was sad to see. Thins pale, and exhausted, many were too weak even to look up as visitors arrived. 16. “I've won the million-dollar lottery!” Felice again!” jeked with joy. “I'm tich! I'll never be insolvent 17. Roy, who was supposed to be on a diet, kept making surreptitious trips to the kitchen to nibble oon this and that, whenever he thought no one woutd notice. . 18. The fledgling company has an excellent reputation — which is understandable, since it’s been in business for twenty years and has thousands of satisfied customers. 19. Ty made the sagacious decision 10 bet a month's salary at the racetrack. He lost, and now he can’t pay his rent. 20. “We have an unassailable defense,” Henry's lawyer said, “so 1 advise you to plead guilty and throw yourself on the mercy of the court.” 21. One model in a high-fashion show wore a hat 50 voluminous that it had to be supported with four poles carried by four attendants. 22. The author took a dispassionate approach to the topic. He presented both sides of the issue evenhandedly and did not let his own feelings intrude. ‘The symphony’s second movement — slow, mournful, and effervescent — march. based on a funeral 24, Reba is indefatigable. She can't walk a block without having to stop and rest awhile, and after climbing one flight of stairs she has to lie down to recover, 25. The story is about a kindly, generous, cheerful misanthrope who loves and is loved by everyone. J Enter your score above and in the vacabulary performance chart on the inside back cover af the bookUNIT ONE: Test 3 PART A: Synonyms Jn the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is most nearly the same in meaning as the boldfaced word, 1. brusque clemency decadence eloquent exemplary . fledgling. heist - incessant incidental 10. indefatigable __U. jargon 12, lampoon 13. levity 14, misanthrope 15. nonchatance _— 16. progeny 17. querutous 18. reproach 19. respite 20. stoic 21. substantiate __ 22. supplant 23, vacillate 24, voracious 25. writhe a) gruff b) bright ¢) brainy —_d) polite a)hopelessness b) unhappiness ¢) cleverness d) forgiveness a) decency b) corruption _¢) confidence) defense a) moving —b) boring ¢) frightening__) disappointing a)excellent —b)extinct _e) excessive) external a) fl b)needed new —d) failing a)aburglary —b)acharity —_¢)amistake —_ d) an imitation a) incompetent) ceaseless ¢) careless) rare a)major _b) minor ¢) memorable __d) incredible a) satisfied b) dishonest. ¢) uncaring) untiring a)humor —b) specialized language ¢) history) drama a)toleam —b)toteach —_¢) to spoof d) to ad a) merriness —_b) weariness __¢) sickness.) envy a)ahaer b)alover ¢)awanderer__— d) an entertainer a)passion _b) coolness. €) nonexistence _d) stupidity a)friends enemies _¢) defendants) descendants a)cheery —b) cross) shy —_d) helpful a) condemnation —_b) praise ¢) deceit. —_) imitation a)anassignment b)avacation _¢) acareer__—d) a skill a)insane —b)istesponsible _¢) unflinching) disrespectful a)to support b)toattack —_e) toconceal_—_d) to ignore a) to displace b) to summarize ¢) to supervised) to dislike a)toleave —b)toretum —¢) to waver _—_d) to-understand a)tired — b)hungry —e) busy) cautious a)tobend —b)toblend —) tocarry—d) to wear (Continues on next page) 33Unit One: Test 3 PARE B: Antonyms In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is most nearly the opposite in meaning to the boldfaced word. 26. affinity a) fondness b) happiness ¢) satisfaction) dislike 27. brevity a) length —b) shortness ¢) knowledge d) fame 28. coalesce a) 10 come across) [Link] home ¢) to come apart d) to come between 29. copious a) abundant —b) cooperative _¢) uncooperative 4) few 30. dearth a)abundance —_b) pleasure ¢) sadness d) fear 31. dispassionate a) prejudiced —_b) disappointing _¢) disastrous) predictable 32. effervescent a)evil eager) bouncy —_d) dull 33. exuberance a) apathy —_b) ex ment ¢) wealth) poverty 34. frivolous a)amused Bb) witty ¢) silly d) serious 35. hackneyed a) original b) true ¢) false.) predictable 36. insolvent a) healthy —b) wealthy ¢) wise) handsome ___ 37. meander a)togoslowly b)togodirectlye)tostop—d) tostart, ___ 38, morose a) happy b) puzzled —_e) depressed) bereaved 39. opulence a)affluence —b) influence —_¢) poverty _—_d) obedience 40. parsimonious a) skillful b) patient’) generous.) impatient _ 41. peripheral a) central b) untrue €) numerous d) few 42, prodigal a)angry —b) sleepy) thrifty) lonely 43, proximity a) pronunciation) process ¢) appearance) distance a)sensible bh) sensory —_¢) foolish) fearless. a) forthright —b) secret ¢) superfluous) inadequate 46. torpor a)relevance b) irrelevance) energy d) money ___ 47. unassailable a) strong b) weak e) rare) common —— 48. unobtrusive a) glaring —_b) obscure ¢) subtle d) dim 49. unseathed a) wrong _—-b) wounded) unarmed) unharmed 50. voluminous a) constant.) towering ¢) variable) tiny a % | | Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover ofthe book,Unit Two Chapter 7 appall Kindle | | clamor rescind cognizant lavish | | contract ‘stagnant duplicityUNIT TWO: Pretest In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced word. 1. accolade a) anexplosion _b) words of praise ¢) an apology _—_d) a greeting 2. apocryphal a) fictitious __b) difficult to understand —_€) uninteresti 4) actual ___ 3. appall a)toshock —b) toplease —€) toappeal tod) to bore ___ 4. blasphemy a} silence) curiosity ©) an explosion _d) disrespect for something holy ___ 5. commiserate a) to compare b)toconfer_—_¢) tocause pain) to sympathize _— 6. diatribe a)adiagram —b)adisguise _¢).a verbal attack —_@) a group of people 7. duplicity a) repetition b) hardship _¢) friendship __d) deceit 8B edifice a) an edue: b)abuilding c)anexpense —d) agift _— equivocal a) vague _—_b) nonsensical _—_¢) noisy _—_d) equal —_— 10. garbled a) decorated —_b) dreaded) distorted __) distinctive _— UL. gravity a) vagueness) strength ¢) seriousness d) grief _— 12. heretic a)aherald —b) anonconformist _¢) anelderly person d) lucky person _— 13. incite g)tourgeon —b)tounderstand —¢) to prevent) to injure _— 14. infraction a) a violation) an exception _¢) asmatt partof something) an illness _— 15. iraseible fa) unnecessary) inspired) irtitable__d) easily forgotten — dle a)todiscourage by toforbid —_¢) to ignored) to inspire — !7. dicrous a) inspiring —_b) heartbreaking) absurd) tercifying __ 18. peruse a) toexamine —_b) tochase —_¢) toprove _d) to make good use of 19, recapitulate a) to introduce) to repeat. e) toyield—_) to conceal _— 20. recluse a) alawbreaker —b) ahermit —¢) popular person) 2 wise person 21. renounce a)tsay outloud by to desire ¢) to possess) to give up _— 22. rescind a)torenew —b)torecognize ¢)toabuse_—_d) to cancel 23. serutinize a) to describe _b) to spoil ¢) to close one’s eyes tod) to look at closely 24. untenable a) unforgettable) insupportable—¢) unfortunate) unclear __ 25. vilify a) to admire —b)tospeakevilof — e)totrust_—_d) to refuse (Continues on nest page) 96- desult . affable assuage .. cacophony 1. censure . clamor - cognizant contract. y enmity . erroneous . expedient . garner . hindrance . irresolute languish lavish foquacious negligent |. obtuse opaque . paucity |. profane somber stagnant | uniform Unit Two: Protest 37 a)affordable b) funny —_) friendly) qualified a)toassign —b)tofallasleep —¢) to make fun of) to relieve a) communication _b) classification _¢) harsh noise.) harmony a) blame —b) ridicule __¢) removal of something unpleasant) anger a) attractiveness b) stress. ¢) loud noise d) silence a) intelligent) ignorant ¢) informed —_d) careless a)to get smaller b) to get weaker) topurchase to pull a) unfortunate) fortunate ¢) intense) random a)hope by hatred) friendship _d) struggle a) corrected —b) practical e)extra—d) wrong, a) convenient b) unselfish ¢) admirable) accidental a) to gobefore —_b) to worship —_¢) to give away) to gather a)abarier —b)ahelper__c) aprediction —_d) a mystery a) uncontrolled —b) unknowing) uncertain) unfaithful a)tolong for b)tolocate—_¢) toimprove__d) to become weak a)luxurious —b) subtle) permanent d) amusing a)aggressive b) silent ¢) friendly _) talkative a) conscientious _b) careless.) talkative) successfut a)overweight —b) slow to understand ¢) quick-thinking_) obedient a) opposite) fascinating _e)easy tose —_d) hard to comprehend a)health bj absence —_¢) conflict d) scarcity a) probable) noisy _¢) disrespectful of sacred things) outraged a)careful b) restful ¢)sad_—d) sudden fa) not interesting b) not moving ¢) unpopular d) invisible a)all the same) military ¢) shapeless.__d) wordyCHAPTER 6 | appalll kindle cognizant lavish commiserate ludicrous | ‘expedient negligent ABE hindrance ‘scrutinize Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 38 __ Appall means, 2 cognizant kognizanty -adjective ___ Cognizant means 3 commiserate /ko'mmizarett/ verb __Contmiserate means 4 expedient k'spi:dionty -adjective _ Expedient means 5 hindrance /inndrans; -noun __ Hindrance means, 6 kindle kindly -verb __ Kindle means At the end of World War Il, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps appalled the whole world. “When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed,” said the lawyer, “they will appall you and show clearly thatthe defendant is a monster.” a. to appeal to, b. to shock. ©. to bore. ‘fier a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash, Cognizant of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. Many Americans have diabetes without being cognizant of their condition. 4. confused by. b. conscious of. ©. careless about. Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to commiserate with each other, but she wasted to Jeam about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. When my dog died, my roommate tried to commiserate with me, but he didn’t really understand how T was feeling. a. to express sorrow. —_b. to. draw a comparison, ©. tocomplain, Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely expedient; he knows she has money, and he wants someone wealthy who will support him. In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the expedient thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and an exhaust system. a. unbelievable. b. admirable. c. self-interested, ‘The biggest hindrance to peace in the Middle East may be the acts of terrorism committed by both sides. ‘Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a hindrance to getting what they want, a. acause. b. aneffect. . a barrier. Before Tyrone joined the navy, Kate had thought of him as “just a friend.” But his warm, affectionate letiers began to kindle her love for him. ‘The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was kindled early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class. a. to stop. b. to inspire. . to change.7 lavish Pleevifi adjective Lavish means ludicrous ‘Mjudikras) -adjective Ludicrous means negligent Ineglidgont’ adjective Negligent means fskrustmaiz/ verb Scrutinize means Chapter 6 39 + The lavish new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. + Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a lavish dinner, “The best of everything!” he told the waiter, “and it’s all on me.” a. overly luxurious. »b. subtie. c. amusing, + Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a ludicrous sight. + “Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball ‘Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea” — no idea seems too ludicrous to be reported in the supermarket tabloids. a. horrifying. b. ridiculous. . inspiring, + While Hester may be a negligent housekeeper — her apartment is dusty and untidy — she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious mother. + It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been negligent. 4. anxious b. amusing. ©. careless. + The detectives scrutinized the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. + Before handing in his report, Dan was told to scrutin other errors. it for misspellings and a. to inspect. b. to describe. ©. toadd to. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 ae ar 10. ‘An obstacle; impediment Aware Self-serving; convenient Extravagant Careless ‘To examine To stir up; arouse To horrify; dismay Laughable To sympathize; express compassion CAUTION: Do not go any Further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions te help you inthe following practices, Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at al.40 Chapter 6 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. | a. eppelt > Sentence Check 2 b. cognizant c. [Link] —_¢..hindranoe | |t-kingie——g lavish bh ludlerous 4 neoigant iL sorutintze | 1. Janna’s parents were __ of her problems at school, but they did not know the cause until a psychologist diagnosed a learning disability. 2. It’s OK not to have a car in the city, where public transportation is available, but the lack of a car is a real __to getting around in the country. 3. We exclaimed with delight over our ___ hotel room, with its thick rug, brocade curtains, and gorgeous furniture. 4, The amount of food that’s wasted in the school cafeteria ___(s) me — surely there must be some way to share all that extra food with people who need it. ___ about nutrition. She eats mostly junk food, when she bothers to 6. “Laugh and the world laughs with you; cry and you cry alone” is an old saying. It means that others would rather share your happiness than __ with you over your sorrows. 7, Handwriting experts __ letters, notes, and signatures to identify the writers. 8, We hope that letting our children have a puppy will their sense of responsibility and help them develop respect for animals. 9. It was __ for James 10 tell his new girlfriend, “I attended a very prestigious college,” without mentioning that he'd flunked out. 10, In the funny movie Ail of Me, Steve Mastin and Lily Tomlin are in a(n) situation — they have to share the same body. Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2, Milly gave a(n) __ binhday party for her dog, complete with an expensive cake, candles, and fancy decorations. The poor animal wore a party hat and a huge satin ribbon and looked __. 3-4, The mayor found it politically __ to close the school, but then visited it to ___ with the teachers and students. Everyone felt that his expressions of sympathy were phony. 5-6, Parents who want to __ a love of reading in their kids often complain that TV is a serious _. The kids would rather watch the tube than open a book.Chapter 6 a 7-8. “The boss hates ___ work,” Rasheed was told on his first day at his new job. “You can expect her to __ alll your letters and memos, looking for careless errors.” _—_________ 9-10. Explaining her decision to give up smoking, Celia said, “I am __ of the statistics on smoking and cancer. The facts are unassailable®, and they __ me, >» Final Check: Bad Translations Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once, ‘When a company introduces a product into a new country, it should (1), the promotional materials carefully. Sometimes a company isnot (2). of how ads will be read in a foreign language. The results can be (3)__ making would-be customers writhe® with laughter — or with shock — instead of making them waat to buy the product. Here are a few examples, When Coca-Cola was introduced in China, the company mounted a(n) (4 advertising campaign that featured thousands of billboards with the Chinese phrase Ke-kowke-la, Unfortunately, the company had been (5). about leaming just what Ke- fow-ke-la meant in Chinese. It translated into something like “Tasty and enjoyable.” That phrase aia (6) anyone's desire to buy Coke. Sofi-drink companies, of course, should be careful with Chinese. It certainly would be o for the Pepsi company to test-market its slogan before going into China. But problems arise with other languages, too, The Chevy Nova didn’t sell very well in South America. Finally company officials realized that she (8) was the car's name. In Spanish, the phrase No va means “It won't go. ‘When the Pope visited Miami, a fledgling® businessman, perhaps counting on beginner's luck, made thousands of T-shims that were supposed to say in Spanish, “I saw the Pope.” You have to ()___with the poor guy — he got stuck with a copious? supply of unsold shirts. What the Spanish phrase really said was, “I saw the potato.” Scores Sentence Check t Hi Seeace Cie = | Pint Giese sw ; Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 clamor + By the time I left the nightclub, I had an awful [Link] the clamor of Pklzemay ‘the crowd and the music. onoun + The hungry parakeets set up an excited clamor when they saw their owner enter the room, __ Clamor means. a. loud noise. b. tense silence. c. whispers. 2 contract + ur company can’t seem to decide whether to grow or to contract. First it skon'traekty hhired a hundred extra workers; then it laid off two hundred. -verb + The universe is expanding, but scientists do not know whether this will continue forever, or whether eventually it will start to contract, becoming, ‘more and more dense until it collapses on itself. __ Contract means a. tabecome visible. _b, 10 become smaller. c. to become weaker. 3 duplicity + “T can’t tolerate duplicity,” said the professor. “If you didn’t get around to idju'phsaty, writing your paper on time, say so. Don’t make up some story about death or snoun illness in your family.” + Dogs seem incapable of duplicity. If a dog soils the rug, he will slink around guiltily, He won't try to pretend that the cat did it __ Duplicity means a. repetition. b. exaggeration. ©. deceit, 4 equivocal + Keith seemed equivocal about whether he'd gotten the job of not. First he said it ikwivakoly ‘was “a sure thing,” but then he added that he had to go back for another interview. adjective + After her first date with Chris, Karen was equivocal about how she felt toward him, She said he was “interesting,” which could mean almost anything. __ Equivocal means a. vague. b. the same. ©. discouraged. 5 irresolute + In Hamlet, why doesn’t Hamlet kill Claudius sooner? Is it because he is too Arezaljusty irresolute to act, or because he is prevented from carrying out his purpose? adjective + Carleton is irresolute about marrying ‘Tania. He’s sure they are in love, but they seem to have far too many fights. _ Irresolute means a. unable to decide. b. lacking self-control. __¢. unknowing. 6 rescind + The state can reseind the licenses of people arrested for driving while drunk. jev'sindy Is very rude to rescind your invitation to one date just because you've met verb someone you'd prefer to invite. ___ Rescind means a. to renew. b. tocancel, ©. to abuse. 427 8 9 10 stagnant (/staegnanty -adjective ‘Stagnant means uniform ivirnfoemy sadjective Uniform means untenable jsnitenabl) -adjective Untenable means vilify fvilifay/ verb Vilify means Chapter 7 43 ife career change. He feels that his 1g nowhere in his job. At age forty, Ira is considering a present career is stagnant: he’s g ‘The pond was stagnant, and algae and weeds were growing so thickly that they covered the still water underneath, . out of control. b. motionless, . spread thin, To give hand-sewing a professional appearance, it’s important to make the stitches uniform, Take the trouble to make them all the same size — the result will be worth People whose teeth are unevenly spaced and discolored may benefit from a dental technique called bonding, which makes teeth look more uniform. a. unvarying b. different c. insupportable. In the exam room, the instructor looked grimly at the math formulas penciled ‘on my shirt cuffs. “Your story that you don't know how they got there is untenable,” she said. “You can’t expect me to believe you!” Jocelyn’s theory that the explorers missing at the South Pole had been eaten by polar bears was interesting but watenable. Polar bears live at the North Pole. a. uninteresting, b. unable to be defended. cc. unclear, Most of Professor Jones's students praise him, but a few vilify him. Its strange that he should be so respected by some and so harshly criticized by others. “I don’t think it’s fair to vilify the entire college just because one fraternity has behaved badly.” said Liam, “People should aim their dislike at the right target.” ‘a, to argue with. b. to assault physically. __c. to speak evil of. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. een ay 10. Deliberate deceptiveness; deceit ‘Open to more than one interpretation and often intended to mislead _____ Alloralways the same; without variety To reduce in size; become compressed A loud outcry; hubbub ‘Unable to be held or defended; insupportable Not moving; not flowing; motionless ‘To make abusive statements about ‘To repeal; take back Uncertain how to think or act; undecided CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions ‘whelp you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions a all44 Chapter 7 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, compl > Sentence Check 2 | f fescing 9. stagnant h. uniform i. untenable i. vility \lete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. | a. clamor b. contract ‘© duplicity _d. equivocal ‘e, trresolute | ____ about whether to take the subway or catch a bus, I hesitated too long, and managed to miss both. 2. Lenore insisted that she had paid all the rent she owed, but her claim was ___. She was unable to produce any canceled checks or receipts. 3. Bodily movement results when our muscles first___ and then relax. 4. The candidate’s voice shook as he showed reporters an ugly cartoon attacking his wife. “___me if you like — I can take abuse,” he said. “But leave my family alone. 5. It seems that every courtroom drama includes a scene in which a(n) __ erupts, with the judge pounding the gavel and shouting “Order in the cour 6. When Ben asked Jenna if she loved him, her __ response — “Oh, Ben, I love everybody” — left him more. confused than ever. 7. Angry over a council member’s racist statements, a citizens’ group decided to __ its invitation to have him speak at the annual fundraising dinner. 8, City supervisors said the repairs to our street would take a month, but they took almost a year. We don’t know if this was ___on the city’s part, or an honest miscalculation, 9. Sales had been __ for months, so the company began an aggressive new ad campaign in the hope that merchandise would begin moving a 10. “No longer will each department handle billing its own way announced. “From now on we will all use the same set of ___ procedures.” Using the answet lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2, Eddie paused, __. outside the professor's office. He wanted to argue about his poor grade, but he hesitated because he was afraid she would consider his reasons __. 3-4. “Don’t expect me to __ the mayor,” said the opposing candidate, “He's a decent, honest man. But our city has grown sluggish and ___ during ‘his administration. It’s time to move forward again!” 5-6. Asked whether the college should expand or __, the president gave a(n) __ answer: "Growth is positive, but we may need to draw inward and sharpen out focus.”Chapter 7 45 7-8. The American “melting pot” was seen as taking foreign immigrants and blending them so they would coalesce? into a(n) __ mixture. This idea is now so unpopular that it often raises a(n) __ of protest. 9-10. The sew office manager promised to ___ some pointless rules about using the copier, but he seems to have been guilty of __. The silly rules are still in place. > Final Check: Memory Aids Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. If you've ever said “Thirty days hath September. . ‘you know how helpful mnemonic devices — memory aids — can be. You can also use them to remember new words. How can you remember (1), ? Think of saying something vile, and there you are: “to speak evil of.” For (2) _—. you could think of st- as in standing still — not moving. And (3) is easier to remember if you think of a claim, which is also a demand, though not necessarily a loud one. If you've ever used a duplicating machine —a copier — to make double copies, you'tf have no trouble remembering that (4)__ means double-dealing, or dishonesty. To remember the adjective (5), . just think af what people in the Air Force or the Navy wear 80 that they all look the same. A prefix — a word part at the beginning of a longer word — can also be a memory aid. Remember that the prefix ir- means “not” and resolve means “make up your mind.” and you won't forget that (6), means “not having made up your mind.” To remember o. . think of holding something with your fen fingers. Add the prefix un, which also means “not, and you have it: “not holdable.” The prefix con-, meaning “together,” will help you recall what (8) means: think of making something smaller by pulling or pushing its parts closer together. And one meaning of the prefix re- is “back” or “backward,” which can remind you of (which means “take your mind back to”) the fact that (©)_____ means “take back” or repeal. ‘Sometimes the best way to learn a word is to cut it in half and see what it says. Think of equal and voice to remember that (10) describes something which can be understood in more than one way — as if eguat voices were speaking, ‘Try making up your own mnemonic devices. Even if they sound frivolous® or Iudicrous*, you'll find that they re a powerful tool and an exemplary® learning aid. Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 8 loquacious obtuse desultory ‘opaque garbled paucity | irascible recapitulate Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 46 1 affable /sefobly adjective __ Affable means 2 apocryphal pelpokrifal/ -adjective _. Apoeryphal means 3 desultory /desaltary) adjective Desultory means 4 garbled Fga:bld/ -adjective __ Garbled means 5 irascible i'resabl/ -adjective __ lrascible means 6 loquacious au'kwerfasy -adjective __ Loquacious means Dobermans and pit bulls are often thought of as unfriendly dogs, while golden retrievers and Labradors are seen as affable. I wish my new boss were more affable. She seems so stem that I'm afraid to ask het a question when T don’t understand something. a. bad-tempered. 'b. good-natured. c intelligent. ‘A hero of American folklore is the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan, whose footprints supposedly formed the Great Lakes. Clearly, this story is apocryphal. ‘There is a story in our family that my great-great-grandfather was a train robber, but I think the story is probably apocryphal . fictitious. b. difficult to understand, c. true. When the shoe repair shop lost my boots. the clerk's search was so desultory and disorganized that I had to go through the shelves and find them myself. Darrin went to the emergency room with a severe stomachache, but the doctor on duty gave him only a quick, desultory examination and sent him home. a. fake. b. random, c. intensive. When ‘Tim printed his essay, a computer error made it come out garbled. Only ‘meaningless symbols and numbers appeared on the page. ‘The children played a game in which each one whispered a message to the next child in line. The first child whispered, “My favorite color is purple,” but the message the last child heard was garbled: “You shouldn't holler at your uncle.” a. lengthy. b. shortened. c. distorted. ““The holidays are supposed to be a happy time,” sighed Martine, “But with all the extra work and guests, I find myself becoming irascible — I'm a real grouch.” “I know my patients are improving when they become grumpy,” said Dr. Imiri. “An irascible patient is on the road to recovery.” a bad-tempered. b. nervous. cc. depressed. Kyle, who prefers to sleep or read on a long plane trip, says it never fails: he always ends up with a loquacious seat companion who wants to chat nonstop. ‘The English have an amusing phrase for loquacious people: they say that such fa person can “talk the hind leg off a donkey.” a. talking too much. . aggressive. . irritable,7 obtuse pbijus/ adjective __ Obtuse means 8 opaque ppupetky adjective __ Opaque means 9 paucity Pposoti/ -noun __ Paucity means 10 recapitulate rick putjulesty “verb __ Recapitulate means Chapter 8 a7 Harvey started 10 tell an offensive joke at the office holiday lunch. I kicked him under the table, hoping to shut him up, but he was too obtuse to get the message. Children can be remarkably obtuse about understanding school subjects like ‘math, but their wits sharpen amazingly when they’re learning a new video game. a angry, b. dimwitted. cc. thoughtful We attempted to follow the movie's complex plot, but the characters’ motives and reactions remained opaque. We finally gave up trying to understand it. Articles on Einstein’s theory of relativity usually start reassuringly, noting that there is no reason why it should be opaque to the ordinary reader. Then they proceed to make it even murkier. a. fascinating, b. difficult to understand. _¢. improbable. ‘The speaker's high-flown language could not conceal his paucity of ideas. He had nothing meaningful to say. Serena wanted to get away from her small town because of its paucity of intellectual life. It didn’t even have a library or a bookstore. a. repetition. b. conflict. . lack, “To recapitulate what we told you on the phone,” said Ms. Brown to the baby “we'll be home at eleven o'clock, and you can reach us at the Athens Before an exam, Professor Martin always has a review session in which she recapitulates some of the most important material the class has studied. a. to sum up. b. to ignore. . to contradict. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. ‘The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 err awry 10. Of doubtful authenticity; not genuine ‘Moving from one thing to another in an unplanned way Very talkative Friendly; easy to get along with Easily angered; irritable ifficult to understand or explain; obscure; incomprehensible ‘To summarize or repeat briefly Slow to understand; dull A scarcity; an insufficiency Mixed up to such an extent as to be misleading or incomprehensible CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sue the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to belp you inthe following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all48 Chapter 8, > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once, | @ affable | f. loquacious 9. obtuse h. opaque i. pauetty b. apocryphal c. desultory —d. garbled. Iraecible 1. Many Spanish explorers in the 1700s lost their lives searching for the __ “fountain of youth.” 2. After a stroke, some people partially lose their ability to speak. Untit they recover, their words come out __ and unclear. 3. People often become __ after they've had too much to drink. Unfortunately, not only do they talk too much, but What they say doesn't make much sense, 4, The words of the poem sounded lovely, but their meaning was __. In fact, they seemed to mean nothing at all 5. Although Ms. Henderson is a(n) __ instructor, don’t let her good nature ‘make you think that she's pushover. She's nice and friendly, but she’s also a demanding teacher. __ 6. Tom always seems to have a chip on his shoulder, and he gets angry over the slightest thing. I don’t know what makes him so, 7. Jon’s paper was a(n) __ effort. He started late and then just threw some disconnected notes together. No wonder he got a D. 8, “We seem to have a(n) __ of singers this year,” said the chorus director. Only three students had shown up for the auditions 9, Before I left the office, my doctor __(e)d her advice to me: “Get extra rest, drink plenty of fluids, and don't worry.” 10. “I've been hinting that my birthday would be a good time for Jeff to give me an engagement ring,” Jan said, “but he seems completely __. I don’t think he gets the point.” >~ Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2, Lara had heard that the famous pianist was __ and brusque®, but when she asked him for his autograph, he was very __. He signed her program and gave her a charming smile. 3-4, The lecture was __, with the speaker hopping confusingly from one topic to another. At the end, when he said, “To... ,” it was hard to imagine which of his unrelated, rambling points he might choose to repeatChapter 8 49 —____________ 5-6. Stephen Hawking’s study A Brief History of Time has become famous 5 the world’s most widely unread best seller. That status may be, but the book really is __ to people who aren’t physicists. 7-8. When Anya’s __ husband talks too much, she tries to stop him by raising her eyebrows and clearing her throat, but he’s often too __to take the hint. 9-10, The weather report on the radio was __ by static. Was the announcer predicting a “__” of rain, meaning none, or a “possibility” of rain, meaning we might get drenched? »> Final Check: A Formula for Teaching Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. ‘There is a famous formula for communicating ideas to peopie: Step 1 —Tell them what you're going to tell them. Step 2 — Tell them. Step 3 — Tell them what you've told them. The formula is said to have been invented long ago by the Army. That story may be (1), . but it is probably authentic. The Army had to teach many things quickly to all kinds of fledgling” recruits, and often it had a(n) (2). of good instructors: too few teachers, with too little training. Moreover, the instructors were also of all kinds, Some were tough and >. .. with a quick temper and no patience for a learner who seemed slow or (4) Others were (5) and (6). . and although these good-natured, talkative men might teach well, they could also waste time on incidental? matters or give confusing, (7)__ instructions. The three-step formula would keep all teaching focused. The formula is simple to use, and itis effective in writing as well as teaching. In step 1, you announce what you intend to say: how to disassemble and reassemble a rifle, how to apply for a job — whatever it is you want to communicate. In step 2, you say it. In step 3, you say it (briefly) again: you (8). it as a summary and a reminder. No formula is foolproof, but being cognizant? of this one will definitely help you avoid plantess, (9)_____"_ writing and writing that is unclear, equivocal’, vague, or 0)_., . What worked for the Army can work for you. Scores. Semeoce Check 1% Sentence Cesk 2 | Fal Check = | Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 9 | accolade edifice | assuage gravity | cacophony infraction censure profane | diatribe somber Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced ward. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 50 1 accolade /eekauletd) -aoun Accolade means 2 assuage pisweidsy -verb Assuage means 3 cacophony ‘kee'kofoni/ ~nowr Cacophony means 4 censure fsenfatr)/ =noun Censure means 8 diatribe /darstrat; -noun Diatribe means 6 edifice edifisy __ Feéifice means Many people rushed out ‘0 try the new Thai restaurant on Wayne Avenue after it received an accolade in a newspaper review. Although it is more than fifty years old, Citizen Kane continues to eam accolades as one of the best movies ever made. 4 an expression of approval. __b. an apology. c. a greeting, My brother's apology helped to assuage my anger at him. ‘The grief one feels over the loss of a loved one never fully goes away, but time does assuage the pain, 4. to increase. b. to explain . to make less severe I bought my daughter headphones so I would not have to listen to the cacophony that she calls music. When we listen to the cacophony of orchestra members tuning their instruments, it is hard to believe that they will soon produce a beautiful melody, &. harmony. b. unpleasant noise. c. silence. When Aaron got his ear pierced, he had wo deal not only with his father’s censure, but also with his grandfather's sarcastic remarks and icy stares. Jodi’s parents were strongly opposed to her engagement. Unable to stand up to their censure, she broke off with her boyfriend. a. disapproval ». tolerance. c. neglect. A reporter covering a preacher's sermon sat through an hour-long diatribe about wickedness, He later wrote, “Mr. Blank spoke on sin, He was against it” ‘The art professor, normally soft-spoken, subjected the class to a loud diatribe when he found that someone had spilled Coca-Cola on the slide projector, a. acalm discussion. _b. a physical attack. cc, a verbal attack. On the college’s hundredth anniversary, a plaque was put up in honor of the architect who had designed its first edifice, now the administration building. ‘The company president decided to keep our present offices. “It would be nice to build a fine new edifice,” she said, “but I'd rather spend the money on higher salaries and a better product.” a structure. b. an expense. ©. adesign.7 gravity /greevaty -noun Gravity means 8 infraction sin’ freekfan/ Infraction means 9 profane Jprav'feiny -adjective Profane means 10 somber /somba(o/ adjective Somber means Chapter 9 51 “[’m not sure you understand the gravity of the crimes you are accused of the lawyer told his client. “Do you realize you could go to prison for a very long time?” ‘The anxious parents waited in the emergency room to learn the gravity of their son’s condition. a. grief. b. seriousness. €. usefulness. ‘The civil-rights leader Jesse Jackson was arrested as a college student for reading a book in a library. This was an infraction of the rules — the library was only for whites. Minor traffic infractions, such as parking in a no-parking zone, are punished by a fine, but a major violation such as drunk driving can put you in jal. a. an exception. b. an explanation. ¢. aviolation, Karen refuses to use profane language. She says “Oh my gosh" instead of “Oh my God.” Movies may get an “R” rating because of violence, sexual scenes, or profane language. ‘a, lacking reverence. _b. ungrammatical. . hard to understand. When I saw the doctor's somber expression, I was afraid she had bad news for ‘The dark colors and heavy furniture in the house give it a somber look — I think it would hard to laugh or even smile there. a. very serious. b. cheerful. . restful. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its defi sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 eer aAwaen 10. Praise A building, especially of large, imposing size A breaking of a law or rule A bitter, abusively critical speech or piece of writing Solemn; sad and depressing; melancholy Blame; a rebuke Severity: weighty importance Showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things arsh, discordant sounds CAUTION: Do not go any further until you Are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to belp you in the following practices, Your goa is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions a all52 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each wordtonce. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. Chapter 9 1. If you use ___ language around your children, don’t be surprised if they repeat it—not only at home but also in public, and at the most embarrassing moment possible. 2. The machinery at the factory is so noisy that all employees must wear earplugs to protect themselves from the __ . 3. Judging from the __s the new movie has been receiving, it’s sure to be nominated for several Academy Awards. 4. The Little League team lost the championship game, but the coach _(e)d the kids” disappointment by taking them out for banana splits. 5. “Because of the __ of the international situation,” announced the newscaster, “we will stay on the air with constant news updates throughout the evening.” 6. The doctor received a letter of __ from the local medical association for his careless treatment of a sick homeless man. 7. Jessie’s apartment house is an ornate century. 8. Students are sent to detention for a variety of talking in class, or being disrespectful to a teacher, dating from the nineteenth such as fighting, 9. On the day of the queen’s funeral, the national radio station played nothing but the most _ music. 10. The nutritionist lectured passionately on the folly of eating red meat. Tired and hungry after her __, she went out to dinner at Steak ‘n’ Ribs. 1-2. The old mansion is a(n) _-looking ___, dark and dismal. It would be a perfect setting for a horror movie. 3-4, Not so long ago, using __ language “in the presence of ladies” was an offense of considerable. In some places, swearing in public was even punishable by arrest. 5-6. Thue, chewing gum is an __ of school rules, but hardly anybody thinks such a minor offense is worthy of __.Chapter 9 53 7-8. The rock concert was so heavily miked that the __ gave Jade a pounding headache. When she got home, she put on an ice pack to__ the throbbing pain 9-10. The senator’s hackneyed* speech was one he had given a hundred times. After a(n) against graft and corruption, he ended with a(n) to motherhood, the flag, and apple pie, » Final Check: The One-Room Schoolhouse Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. For many years, the one-room rural schoolhouse was part of the American scene. This tiny wo. did have only one room, where all the pupils, ranging in age from five or six to their teens, sat together with one teacher — a(n) (2) young man ‘or woman newly graduated from a “normal schoo!" (a teacher-training institute) but trying to seem as serious and dignified as possible. School was held mostly in winter, because the pupils were farm children who tad to work from spring planting until the harvest was in. If you could go back in time and enter such a schoolhouse, you would hear a clamor? — a(n) grouped by grades, “said” their Tessons at once. ‘The smallest children would be memorizing the alphabet; the oldest might be ()___ of voices as many of the pupil reciting some famous speech from the past, pethaps an eloquent® (4), delivered in the Roman senate, where speakers used powerful, passionate language te vilify® thei ‘opponents. All of the students would be wearing long woolen underwear and writhing? and scratching to (3)_______the itching. A wood-burning stove heated the room, more or less. The “big boys” would keep the woodbox filled, or a pupil might have to fetch wood as a punishment for some (6)__"___ of a rule, such as (7). language, although misbehavior of such (8) was rare. ‘These oné-room schools held a special place in the hearts of Americans. In fact, at one time in American history, any political speech was sure to draw (9), if it did not include a(n) (10). in praise of the * le red schoolhouse.” +4 Sentence Check 1 [o~_ kame Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 10 | blasphemy Incite enmity languish |. erroneous peruse | gamer recluse | heretic Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 blasphemy bleesfomiy -noun Blasphemy means 2 enmity Henmaty/ “noun Enmity means 3 erroneous sA’roumtas/ -adjective Erroneous means 4 garner Fgamnatr)y -verb Garner means 5 heretic /beratiky “noun Heretic means 6 incite pin'santy verb Incite means. + The Smiths have lived so long in Boston and think itis such a wonderful city that they feel it's almost blasphemy 0 consider living anywhere else + Some of the world’s greatest thinkers, such as Copemicus, have been accused of blasphemy because their ideas challenged the teachings of the church. a. physical violence. —b. an insult to something holy. _¢. daydreaming, + After their divorce, Harry tried not to feel enmity toward his ex-wife. He knew that anger and bitterness would be bad for their children. seems to feel real enmity toward our boss; she criticizes everything he says or does. The rest of us can’t figure it out — we think he’s a pretty decent guy. a. admiration. ». affection. c. hostility. + Many first-graders have the erroneous idea that their teacher lives at the school + Because the newspaper had printed an erroneous date and time for the community meeting, few people showed up when it actually took place. a. error-free. b. in error. . original. + Once a year, our boss sends around a questionnaire to garner ideas from the employees about how te improve the company. + When the payroll clerk gives us our checks, he always says, “Are you ready to garner the fruits of this week’s labor?” a. to gather. b, to distribute, €. to reject. + Martin Luther was originally a Catholic priest, but when he began to disagree with the church’s teachings, he was labeled a heretic and left the priesthood. + People who believed that the world was round, not flat, were once considered lunatics or heretics. a. aconservative, b. arebel. c. a genius. + The smell of blood in the water can incite sharks to attack, + No one knows what incited the usually gentle dog to bite the mail carrier, 8. to prevent. b. to urge on. ©. 10 forbid.7 8 9 10 Janguish : HMaeggwifi verb S Languish means peruse . ppairuz/ verb Peruse means recluse : arvkluss/ Recluse means renounce . m'naunsy -verb Renounce means Chapter 10, 55 Children who languish in institutions, such as orphanages, often improve dramatically when they are adopted into loving homes. Some people languish in the summer heat, but others love the hot weather and feel full of energy and strength. a. to thrive, b. to misunderstand. ¢. to do poorly. When the list of people killed was posted after the plane crash, the passengers’ anxious relatives perused it fearfully To peruse a train timetable, with its tiny type and tinier footnotes, you need ‘200d eyesight and plenty of patience. a. to inspect. b. to glance at ¢. to explain, Local old-timers tell stories about Wild Man Bill, a recluse who lived in a cave and came into town only once a year to buy supplies. While she was suffering from depression, Linda became a recluse, rarely Teaving her home and not wanting to see even her closest friends. a. a hermit. b. a popular person .. a busy person, Great-Uncle Abe was a member of the Democratic Party when he was a young ‘man, but he soon decided to renounce it and become a Republican, Edward VIII was briefly king of England, but he renounced his throne in 1936 in order to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorced commoner. a. to announce. b. to remember. ©. to disown, Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 2 3 4, 10. Hatred To examine; read with great care Mistaken ‘A person who leads a solitary life; someone who withdraws from others Disrespect toward something sacred or important; irreverence To reject; give up; cast off To lose strength; fail in health; be weak To stir up A person who holds unpopular or unaccepted beliefs; nonconformist To collect CAUTION: Do not aay further until you are sure the above answers are corect. Then yOu can use the definitions tohelp you in the following practices, Your goa is eventually to knox the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at al,56 Chapter 10 > Sentence Check 1 ‘Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. “a. blasphemy —b. | + Imeite 9. languish +h. peruse > Sentence Check 2 ©. erroneaus Hit I. The poet Elizabeth Barrett __(e)d on her couch for years, a semi-invali until she fell in love with Robert Browning and found the strength to elope with him. 2. A movie which portrayed Mary, the mother of Jesus, as a homeless drug addict was attacked by many church leaders, who said it was _. 3. “I am dropping out of the race.” the candidate stated after losing badly in the primary election. “I have __(e) all hope of becoming president.” 4, My girlfriend and I decided to go our separate ways without __. We both agreed that we didn’t want to spend our lives together, but we intended to semain friends. 5, Obviously, Jamie has a(n) __ idea of where babies come from. She announceé that her father and mother had bought her in a toy store. 6, Since I ___ so many compliments every time I wear this sweater, I must conclude that it is a very good color for me. 7. Some people have no respect for anyone else’s religious belie! to them, if you don’t belicve as they do, you are a(n) _. According 8. The appearance of a hawk in the sky __(e)d the other birds to attack, fearing that it was there to kill and eat their young. 9. Mrs, Sheridan rarely leaves her house. She is simply a harmless old _, but the neighborhood kids think she must be a witch or a criminal. 10. Irene ___(e)d the contract slowly, reading every bit of the fine print. She didn’t want to sign anything that she might regret later. Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. Many people think that referring to Christmas as “Xmas” is __, but this idea is. In fact, the X is the Greek symbol for Christ. 3-4, By “skim reading,” you can ___ a lot of information, but you do not __ every word of a book or article. Instead, you tun your eye quickly ‘over the page to find what you need.Chapter 10 57 5-6. It’s hard to see how anyone can manage to __ the world and become a(n) __. How do hermits eam a living, for instance? And what happens when they get called for jury duty? _ 7-8. A(n) __ is likely to eam the __ of people who hold more conventional beliefs and do not like to have their ideas challenged. 9-10. The young revolutionary was sent to prison for trying to __ riot, but hhe didn’t __ there. Instead, he read widely, kept a passionate, eloquent? diary, and emerged ready to rebel again. >» Final Check: Galileo Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following, selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. ‘The great scientist Galileo Galilei, usually known simply as “Galileo,” was a brilliant man who was far ahead of his time. But instead of eaming accolades®, his discoveries earned him the a, __ of the powerful Catholic Church, which tried for years to silence him. Born in 1564 in Pisa, italy, Galileo became a student of mathematics. He invented a device for making mathematical measurements and found the first dependable way of keeping time. But his true passion was kindled® when he leamed of the first telescope, which had been invented in Hotiand, He (2) (e)d every piece of writing he could find about the new invention, then built much stronger telescopes and began to study the sky. The information he @) - (€)d led to some startling realizations. He found out that several ideas, taught as facts by the universities and the Church were (4), . For instance, the Church insisted that the moon was a perfectly smooth ball. Galileo, however, could see that the moon’s surface was dotted with mountains and valleys. More important, the Church insisted that the Earth was the center of the universe. Galileo’s studies showed that the Earth and other planets rotated around the sun, To the Church, this idea was (5) an infraction? of its own teachings. Church officials called the scientist a(n) (6) for saying that the universe did not rotate around the Earth. They feared that Galileo’s findings would ()________ people to question the Church in other ways. Therefore, they demanded that Galileo (8)___ his own findings. But he ignored their reproach® and continued to write about what he knew to be true. For the last eight years of his life, Galileo (9)___(@)d under “house arrest,” forbidden to leave his own home. Even while he [Link] to live as a(n) (10) . he continued to study and to write about his discoveries. More’ than three hundred years after his death, Galileo was pardoned by the Church, which finally admitted that he had been right all along. Sentence Check 2 % | % Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT TWO: Review ‘The box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit Two. Using the clues at the bottom of the page, fill in these words to complete the puzzle that follows. ACROSS: 2, 6. 10. 12, 14, 18, 23, 24, 58 ‘To examine A bitter, abusively critical speech or piece of writing A large building Severity; weighty importance Unable to be held or defended Difficult to understand or explain To summarize or repeat briefly Friendly Torelieve or lessen DOWN 1. Laughable 3. To reduce in size 4, Self-serving; convenient 5. To make abusive statements about 7. To stir up 8. Mistaken II. A person who leads a solitary life 13, Very talkative 15, To examine; read with great 16. Not genuine | expedient | affable apocryphal appall assuage ‘cognizant contract, diatribe duplicity edifice erroneous ‘garner gravity incite loquacious ludicrous | opaqye peruse recapitulate recluse renounce rescind scrutinize untenable vilify 17. Deliberate deceit 18. To reject or give up 19. Aware 20. To horrify 21. To collect 22. To take backUNIT TWO: Test 1 PART A Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided. 1. The man next door a(n) __. He never emerges from his house, and no ‘one has seen him for years. a. recluse b. heretic c. edifice 4. hindrance 2. Our family decided to television for one month. We wanted to see if wwe could survive without watching TV. a. recapitulate b. gamer c. incite 4. renounce 3. The famous story of George Washington and the cherry tree is_. There is no evidence that it ever happened at all. a. somber b. affable . lavish 4d. apocryphal 4. Instead of addressing the issues, many politicians just badmouth and __ their opponents. . recapitulate. rescind c. vilify 4. assuage 5. Having a pet is a(n) __ of the rules in our dorm, so Curtis keeps his turtle hidden in a box under the bed. a. accolade »b. clamor c. infraction. cacophony 6. In earlier times, many books used asterisks instead of actually printing __ 9. Derek knew that his great-grandmother’ words. For instance, a character might say: “D*** you!” or “Oh, my G*#!” a, erroneous _b. profane cc, Iudicrous affable When children ask a parent for something, they hate to get the __ answer, “We'll see.” a, equivocal —_b, loquacious _—_c. lavish 4d. garbled . The __ expression on the surgeon's face made it plain that the operation hhad gone badly. a. Indicrous stagnant . affable 4. somber grave was somewhere in the old cemetery, but to find it he had to __ the inscriptions on more than a hundred headstones. a. kindle b. peruse ©. vilify d. rescind 10. Todd listened in frustration to his voice mail. Something had gone wrong with his recording machine, and all the messages were hopelessly __. a. irascible b. garbled ©. cognizant d. lavish J. It is a crime to___ others to riot, 2 assuage 2 somite title @ tidliidle (Continues on next page) 5960 Unit Two: Test 12. There is an old saying, “He travels fastest who travels alone.” It implies ‘that a traveling companion can be a(n). a hindrance —_b. edifice c. heretic 4d. diatribe ___13. The new movie was expected to __ praise from the reviewers. But they ‘nated it, and it was a flop. a. rescind . renounce cc, scrutinize ——d,_ garner PART B Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly. 14. Teenagers often peer into a mirror and scrurinize their reflections closely. It's as if they are trying to figure out who they are. 15. The college admissions office says that there is a paucity of applicants this year. More than 6,000 people have applied for the 120 places in the freshman class. 16. For kids, a birthday is a celebration. But when middte-aged people have a birthday, their friends don’t know whether to congratulate them or commiserate with ther ___. 17. The boss was in a bad mood today. He was so affable and grouchy that no one wanted to cross his path, 18, Francie’s husband is so loquacious that she says she can hardly get two words out of him. They often sit through an entire meal in complete silence. _—— 19. For Valentine's Day, Wendell sent his girlfriend a box of matches, with a note: “I hope these will kindle a flame of love in your hear.” 20. “What a miserable performance!” said Holly as she left the theater. “I've never seen such terrible acting! The entire cast deserves an accolade.” 21. According to the Bible, “A soft answer turneth away wrath,” meaning that a gentle reply will assuage someone's anger. __— 22. Two TV sets, three CD players, and a radio were all blaring away at once. The cacophony was unbearable. __— 23. The candidate found it expedient to get votes by promising @ tax cut. As soon as he took office, though, he raised taxes. ___ 24, The city will contract significantly in the coming decade. The population is expected to double, and many new developments are being built on the outskirts. _— 25. The notice posted on the door of the bank seemed to suggest duplicity on the part of the management. It read, “To serve you better, we are closing this branch. Enter your score above ania the vocabulary performance chart on the inside ack cover of the bookUNIT TWO: Test 2 PART A, Complete each item with a word from the box. Use each word once. ‘appall b, blasphemy c. censure d. cognizant —_e. desultory f. edifice 9. enmity h. erroneous i. gravity j. heretic k. Iraseible |. languish 1, Dorrie and Ed celebrated their first anniversary with a(n) dinner at the best restaurant in town, 2. The teenagers who were caught with a stolen car treated their arrest as a joke. They didn’t seem to realize the __ of the situation. 3. The Greek poet Homer observed that “praise from a friend or __ from a foe” doesn’t carry much weight. But people pay attention when our own friends criticize us or our enemies praise us! 4, In the Middle Ages, when the church was all-powerful, a(n) __ was likely to be burnt at the stake. 5. City Hall was once the tallest ___ in town, but now it is dwarfed by the huge new skyscrapers all around it, 6. The __ between the two nations has existed for centuries. They have gone to war against each other so often that everyone has fost count. 7. Conditions in the hospital __ the staff, the patients, and visitors. The hospital building is old-fashioned, overcrowded, run-down, and dirty. 8. Blise is getting very deaf, but she doesn’t seem to be __ of her impairment. She says, “I would hear perfectly well if people spoke up instead of always mumbling! 9. Many people think that if you toss a coin and get ten heads in a row, the next t0ss is sure to be a tail, but this idea is. On any toss, heads and tails are equally likely. 10. Dad is a(n) _man, He continually loses his temper. 11, Flat-faced dogs tend to __ in very hot weather. They suffer so much because they do not have a long enough nose to cool the air they inhale. 12. When Rita lost her wristwatch, she made only a(n) __ effort to find it, because she had never really liked it much, 13, Some mild expressions, such as “gosh-dam it,” “golly,” and “gee, developed as a substitute for stronger words that would be taken as_. (Continues on next page) 6162 Unit Two: Test 2 PART B Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly. 4, 23. 24, 25. When it comes to mathematics, Mei Lin is really obtuse. She can do complicated calculations in her head, and she can always solve the toughest problems. . In a textbook, the purpose of chapter summaries is to recapitulate the main points and the most important concepts. ‘When Leni asked her father for a car, his response was a diatribe. He said, “Okay.” /. Beata’s wedding gown was the most beautiful I've ever seen. She looked ludicrous. The classroom was completely silent as Glenn walked forward to give his speech. The clamor made him feel even more nervous. ‘Swollen by melting snow and spring rains, the stagnant brook tumbled and rushed along. ). To give its series of texts a uniform appearance, the publisher designed matching covers for all the books. Mary takes a negligent attitude toward her job. She arrives late and leaves early, her desk is a mess, and she is always behind in her work. . The employees asked the company to rescind its tradition of giving a year-end bonus. They wanted to make sure the bonuses would continue in the future. Andy sent me a letter in code. It was completely opaque to me. Jonas is irresolute about whether to major in English or history. He just can’t make up his mind. ‘The candidate said she favored “clean government, better schools, and good community relations.” No one could disagree with any of that, so she was in an untenable position. Beore Onis cane) Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the bookUNIT TWO: Test 3 PART A: Synonyms In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is most nearly the same in meaning as the boldfaced word, 1 2. 3 4, 5. 6, 7. 8 9. 10. . 12, 13. 14, 15. 16. 17, 18, 19. 20, 21. 22. accolade apocryphal appall blasphemy commiserate diatribe duplicity edifice equivocal garbled gravity heretic incite infraction irascible kindle ludicrous peruse recapitulate recluse renounce rescind . scrutinize |. untenable vility a) condemnation —_b) commendation —_¢) conspiracy d) commitment a) fictitious b) proven ¢) uninteresting _d) applicable a)tohorrify by toplease —_¢) toappealto —_d) todefend a) silence b) curiosity) piousness___d) contempt a) to sympathize b)toconfer_—_€) toexaggerate —_d) to observe )adenunciation b)adiary —¢) adiagram harmony a) honesty b) hardship —_¢) friendship) trickery ) something educational _b) something constructed ¢) an expense) a gift a) noncommittal_ nonsensical) nongrammatical___d) nonverbal a) boring _b) fascinating ¢) muddled -_—_d) essential a) vagueness _b) deceptiveness. —_¢) seriousness d) duration. a)aherald —b)anonconformist ¢) anheir— d) anominee a)to arouse —b) to understand) to misunderstand) to injure a)anoffense b)aninsight —)arule—_d) an illness a)imelevant —b) warm-hearted —_¢) hot-tempered _—_d) stingy a) todiscourage —b) to forbid ¢) toignore —_d) to ignite a) unnoticeable b) heartbreaking) absurd. —_) terrifying a)toread ~ b)towrite e)tosay —d) to hear a) to introduce) tostate again) tohint_—_d) to conceal a)alawbreaker b)aloner —e)aleader—d) a learner a)to search for b) todesire —¢) topossess__d) to give up a)torepeat —b) torecognize —_¢) toreveal_—_d) tocancel a) to prevent b) to forget ¢) to close one's eyes tod) to look at closely a) unforgettable) insupportable _¢) unforeseeable) undeniable a)toadmire —b)to malign ¢)totrust_ —d) tohelp (Continues on next page) 63