EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY ORMOC CITY CAMPUS
PROF ED 533
TEACHING PROFESSION AND SOCIAL
DIMENSION IN EDUCATION
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE 1
EVANGELINE Q. OMOY, MED
2020
NOT FOR REPRODUCTION
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course, Teaching Profession and Social Dimensions in Education
gives students the opportunity to explore the teaching area, to focus on
their interest education, to build and present an instructional lesson, and
to establish relationships with other potential teachers.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of the semester, the students can: 1. Address the
responsibilities and expectations associated with a career in teaching.
2. Apply effective management skills for different classroom situations
3. Describe global teachers equipped with 21st century skills
4. Analyze educational problems in the light of legal foundations of
education
5. Determine how the various social theories affect the functions of the
school
6. Identify and describe the characteristics and functions of different
social
institution
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 – Professional Teachers are Socially Responsible
• Rich in Philosophical Heritage
• Formulating Your Philosophy of Education
• Active Members of Social Institutions
• Moral and Ethical
Chapter 1
The Teacher as a Person in Society
Overview
In a vacuum, we don't exist. We live in a culture. We belong
to society. To the degree that we allow ourselves to be impacted by
it, our culture affects us. Somehow, our feelings, beliefs and
actions are influenced by events and by people we come in touch
with. In essence, we help shape society — its practices, its people,
and its destiny.
You will be made to understand in this chapter the essential
role you will play in society. As an individual and as a teacher,
your effect on your students and other people with whom you
work and live depends a great deal on your philosophy. Your
philosophy of life and your educational philosophy act as a
"window" to the universe and a "compass" to the sea of life. They
control your lifestyle, your own way of life.
Lesson 1. Rich in Philosophical Heritage
We are heirs to a rich heritage in philosophy. A lot of the
philosophies of different thinkers who lived before us have been
passed on to us. These thinkers have been focusing on life on the
world. They were busy finding answers to questions regarding
human life.
Learning Objectives
• Summarize at least five educational philosophies and derive
their consequences for the teaching-learning phase
PRE-ACTIVITY
Find out which philosophy you subscribe to. The degree
to which each argument refers to you. Decide how much you
agree with the argument or disagree with it. Use the scale below
and write your responses on the blank before each statement:
5 - Strongly Agree 2 - Disagree
4 - Agree 1 - Strongly Disagree 3 - Neither agree
nor disagree
_____1. A school curriculum includes the essentials that the
students should know.
_____2. A school curriculum deals with time-tested ideas. _____3.
Field trips, internships, and practicum connect classroom
theories to the real world.
_____4. Schools should develop among the students the ability to
solve social problems.
_____5. What he needs to learn and when to learn it, the student
should decide.
_____6. Students could be promoted to the higher level only when
they have mastered the key materials.
_____7. Schools should develop students' ability to think, analyze,
and reason out.
_____8. Teachers must emphasize to the students the relation of
their learning to real world.
_____9. School should teach students how to recognize problems
in society and work for the solutions to alleviate them. _____10.
Students who do not want to participate should not be obligated
to do so.
_____11. The teachers need to require students to work hard and
master academic lessons taught to merit grades. _____12
Learning must be valued for its own sake. It is not about solving
problems and memorizing facts.
_____13. The students' experiences and concerns should be
considered in preparing the curriculum. _____14. Schools
should develop among the students’ respect for ethnic and
racial groups.
_____15. The goal of the school is to help students understand
themselves and find a place in the world for themselves _____16.
To be able to compete in the global village, schools must raise
standards for academic requirements to produce
competent graduates.
_____17. Teachers must prescribe the use of Great Books because
they contain insights related to the issues at present. _____18.
Schools should include opportunities tor social interaction n the
curriculum.
_____19. Schools should develop political literacy among the
students so they can use it to improve the quality of life. _____20.
The school's primary purpose is to provide opportunities and
choices for students to decide for themselves. _____21. Schools
must encourage students to memorize basic facts about people
and events that shaped history. _____22. The main goal of the
teacher is to help students uncover the knowledge learned over
time, so that they can learn from the great thinkers of the past.
_____23. In the learning process , students should be
actively involved.
_____24. Teaching means identifying a new list of Great Books
relevant to the present times which will train students to
develop a world that is greater than their ancestors _____25.
Teachers should assist the students in discovering themselves
and developing their own personal values, even though certain
values disagree with the values of others.
A B C D Essentialism Perennialism Progressivism Reconstructionism Existentialism 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Scores:
Reference Schools of Educational Philosophy, Chapter 9: What are the philosophical foundations of Education.
LET’S ANALYZE
!
Write the number of your answer to each statement in the spaces
below now that you have replied to the objects. To decide your
attitude to educational philosophies, add the numbers in each
column. In either column, the highest possible score is 25, and 5
is the lowest. Scores in the 20's display good agreement and
scores below 10 suggest disagreement with the values of a
specific philosophy.
Compare your 5 scores.
• What is your highest ranking?
______________________________________________________
• What is your lowest ranking?
______________________________________________________
• To what philosophy do you strongly adhere to?
______________________________________________________
You will note that, as your responses describe, your
philosophical leaning, reflect your general outlook or philosophy.
You may now start working on your philosophical statement.
READ AND LEARN
What is philosophy?
Philosophy is A selection of thoughts to answer query about
the existence of truth and concerning the meaning of life. It
derived from the Greek word Philo, which means love, and Sophie
means wisdom, so the love of wisdom is philosophy.
FIVE PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
1. Perennialism
Perennialists state that the main drive of Education is to
bring students in touch with the facts by teaching logic or
reasoning capacity to their intelligence and wisdom. They are
opposed to philosophies that students want to understand, such
as the universality of truth, the meaning of logic, and the
influence of esthetics. To promote ethical conduct, they also
suggest the study of religion.
Perennialists wish that students read the Great Books-and
grow their understanding of the principles of human experience.
They condemn the inclusion of non-academic subjects in the
curriculum because the primary aim of the school is to produce
intelligent students. They sanction the curriculum of subjects
burdened with cognitive subjects that advance logic and morality.
Perennialist Teachers:
• Believe that teachers are the intellectual guides and replicas
for their learners.
• Believe that fundamental skills such as reading, writing,
computation and research be developed starting the
elementary grades to prepare them for lifelong learning
• Believe that subjects with human concern like history,
literature, drama, and art should be included in the
secondary school curriculum
• Believe that their role is to improve the students' intelligent
and improve their moral potentials
• Believe that electronic version of great books and other
classics maybe viewed by larger audience but this could not
be a substitute for reading the classics
2. Essentialism
A teacher-centered philosophy that supports the
assumption that in schools the basic skills of literacy (reading
and writing) and numeracy (arithmetic) should be learned as well
as subject-matter knowledge. Subjects such as history,
mathematics, science, languages, and literature are essential
subjects for secondary education. Basic vital subject-matter need
to be learned to be able to function successfully in society. These
skills will make them to be capable and skilled individuals for the
competitive global community.
It favors subject-matter curriculum which should be
cumulative and sequentially arranged, starting with low order
thinking skills to more complex higher order level.
Essentialists do not favor innovative or process - learning
approaches like constructivism, which allows students to
construct knowledge based on past knowledge/experiences. They
adhere more on teacher-directed instruction because they believe
teachers are trained professionals who should guide and direct
the learning of students.
Essentialist Teachers
• Believe that teachers should have mastery of the skills and
expertise they teach
• Believe in the use of deductive method of teaching • Believe
that students should learn the "essentials” • Believe that only
when the students have mastered the
required competencies can they be promoted to the higher
level
• Believe that test scores are the basis for evaluating students’
progress
3. Progressivism
Progressivists opposed the traditional approach in education such
as: 1) book-based instruction, 2 authoritarian teachers), 3)
routine memorizations, and 4) controlling classroom management.
They contend that there are various sources of knowledge, and
actively exploring/or by engaging in direct experiences is the best
way to learn. They believe that the school should be a laboratory
for experimentation. They believe in using the project method and
problem-solving which promotes self-governing learning groups in
the classroom.
Progressivist Teachers
• Think teachers should have a list of teaching-learning
advancement educational events such as problem-solving,
imaginative artistic expression, field trips, and projects
• Believe that for a child to normally develop he/she should be
free
• Believe that interest motivated by direct experience
stimulates learning
• Believe that the teacher is a facilitator of learning • Believe
that there should be close cooperation between the home and
the school
• Believe that students' needs, interest, and readiness should
be considered in constructing the curriculum
4. Social Reconstructionism
This is theory rooted on progressivism. They wanted schools as
the center of higher social improvements. They believe that
people are accountable for their societal conditions. To take care
of their lives, to change their circumstances and to create a fair
and decent culture.
Social Reconstructionist 'Teachers
• Believe that in alleviating social problems the school is the
ideal place to begin
• Believe in using project method and problem-solving method
in teaching
• Believe that research is an effective means in solving
problems of society
• Believe that the intellectual, emotional, and personal needs of
the students must be considered.
• Believe that teachers model democratic principles
5. Existentialism
A philosophy that highlights the subjectivity of human
understanding. Existentialism asserts that to help students find
directions and meaning in their lives is the purpose of education.
Existentialist author, Jean-Paul Sartre often quoted the phrase
"Existence precedes essence, " meaning, we owe our existence to
nature but we define ourselves through our action. By making
our personal choices we create our own essence. We are what we
choose to be. We must take responsibility for our choices.
Existentialists maintain that we make our own definition and by
making personal choices in our lives we make our own essence
Existentialist Teachers
• Believe that students should be proficient to speculate, to
question, and to participate
in discourses about the sense of life
• Believe that self-expression, creativity, self-awareness, and
self-responsibility should be developed in the students •
Believe that open classrooms maximize freedom of choice •
Believe in self-directed instruction
• Believe that students should decide what they want to lean
and when to learn it
LET’S TRY THIS!
Exercise #1
Educational Philosophies
Name: _________________________________________
Course:_________________
Date: ____________________________________
A. Based on the philosophies you have examined, make a
comparison of the philosophies guided by the categories
provided in the matrix below.
Comparison Matrix of Major Philosophies
Philosophies
Idealism Realism Pragmatism
Aims of
Education
Role of
Teachers
Role of
Students
Curriculum
B. By means of a Venn diagram, compare the following
philosophies:
VENN DIAGRAM OF EDUCATIONAL THEORIES
1. Perennialism an Essentialism
Perennialism Essentialism
2.Progressivism and Social Reconstructionism
Submission of output:
For electronic copy - Y ou connect with the class…
▪ Submission of output to google classroom (you may scan
your Answer sheet or capture it)
▪ Active participation in an open discussion using google
meet or Facebook messenger
For printed/hard copy – Place your Answer sheet in a brown envelope and
seal it. Write the following
on the envelope:
• Student number
• Name
• Course and Year
• Subject code
Let’s Do This
Name:________________________ Course & Year:________________
Date: ________________________
Reflecting Chart of Philosophies and Theories in Education
A. Reflecting on the different elements of these
philosophies/theories, specify the elements that appeal to
you most. List them on the column provided for. Indicate
with a star the elements you would include in your own
philosophy as a future teacher.
Idealism Realism Essentialism Progressivism
B. Complete the analytical web below.
Analytical web of Educational Theories
Pragmatism Progressivism Social Reconstructionism
How Alike?
f.
How Different?
Pragmatism
Progressivism Social
Reconstructionism
Lesson 2 – Formulating Your Philosophy of Education
The "window" to the world and "compass" in life is your
philosophy of education. In your interactions with teachers,
colleagues, parents and administrators, your theory of education
is reflected. In the practice of their career, teachers have to be
motivated by a sound theory. It is a way of reflecting on the
meaning of life and its profession. It is a declaration detailing
their opinion on education and how it is supposed to be delivered
to the learners.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Formulate your own philosophy of education
PRE-ACTIVITY
• Analyze the given example , then answer the guide questions
that follows.
My educational philosophy as a high school teacher
I believe that every child
• Has a natural learning interest and is able to learn
• Can be affected but not completely by his surroundings
It is special and there is no reason for comparing a child to other children. In
changing times, I believe there are changing values and this must be passed on
to every child through my modeling, value inculcation, and value integration in
my lessons.
I believe that my job as a teacher is to promote the optimal and optimum
development of every child by:
Reaching out to all children without discrimination and without prejudice to the
"least" of the children
Make every child feel good and positive about themselves through their
experiences of classroom success .Helping each child to master fundamental
skills
Teaching my subject matter with mastery in order to continue to learn
skills , abilities and values for each child to go beyond basic literacy and
numeracy. Inculcating the unchanging ideals of respect , integrity, compassion
and concern for others or incorporating them.
Practicing these principles faithfully to serve as a standard for
any child. Strengthening a child's value creation through "hands
on-minds on" interactions inside and outside the classroom
Providing opportunities for each child aimed at improving the body
, mind and spirit.
LET’S ANALYZE!
1. In a given philosophy, which of the philosophies studied in
Lesson 1 are reflected?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. What does the teacher think her key duties are?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Do her concepts of the learner and the trained individual
match how she will carry out her task of encouraging the full
development of every child?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. You found that the instructor starts with the expression "I
believe," thinking of the learner, principles and teaching methods.
Would it make a difference if, using the third person pronoun, the
grade school teacher wrote her education theory in paragraph
form?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 5. Why is
one's educational philosophy said to be one's "window" to the
universe or life's "compass"?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________________
READ AND LEARN
It 's crucial that you make your educational philosophy clear. The
"window" to the world and "compass" in life is your philosophy of
education. Your theory is your own reasoning and formulation,
never formulated for you, which is why you are encouraged to
start stating it with a "I believe" expression because this is your
real life blue print.
LET’S TRY THIS!
Name: ______________________________ Course &
Year:______________________
Date: ______________________________
Now that you have analyzed the important philosophies and
theories on education, develop your own philosophies of
education stating what you think the purpose of
schooling/education is; how subjects should be taught; what do
you need to know about students to be able to teach them.
Include your idea of a good teacher. Formulate one which you
think will be your guiding light in your future career.
My Own Philosophy of Education
How to submit?
For electronic copy - Y ou connect with the class…
▪ Submission of output to google classroom (you may scan your
Answer sheet or capture it)
▪ Share your philosophy of education to the class using google
meet or Facebook messenger
For printed/hard copy – Place your Answer sheet in a brown envelope and seal it.
Write the following
on the envelope:
• Student number
• Name
• Course and Year
• Subject code
Let’s Do This
A. Directions: Using the following questions as guides, draw
on your own ideology.
1.With the philosophy of education:
a. how will you treat your student?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b. what will you teach?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
c. how will you teach?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. Did you take inspiration from what philosophies you learned
when you developed your own educational philosophy?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Will your theory of education make a difference in your lives?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Do you think, as you grow in wisdom, your philosophy will
change?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
B. Share your philosophy of education with the class.
(through google meet or face book messenger group chat)
Submission of output:
For electronic copy - You connect with the class…
▪ Submission of output to google classroom (you may scan your
Answer sheet or capture it)
▪ Share your philosophy of education to the class using google meet
or Facebook messenger
For printed/hard copy – Place your Answer sheet in a brown envelope and seal it.
Write the following
on the envelope:
• Student number
• Name
• Course and Year
• Subject code
References:
1. L. Lim, R. Caubic, L. Casihan, The Teaching Profession.
Adriana Publishing Co. Inc.,
2. 2014
3. Bilbao,P., et al , The Teaching Profession. Lorimar Publishing
Co.,Inc.
4. Babbage, K. Teacher Know What Works. Rowman and
Littlefield Education Publishers Plymouth, U.K., 2013
5. Banks, J.A. Multicultural Education: Historical
Development, Dimensions and Practices. In J.A. Banks and
C.A. McGee,2004
