*,$1&$5/291$&+(50$/9$,2/,
&5,672)252&2/20%2
$00,5$*/,2 0$**,25( '(/ 0$5 2&($12 9,&(5e (
*29(51$725('(//(7(55(&+('29(66(6&235,5(
(GL]LRQHHOHWWURQLFDDFXUDGL
(YROXWLRQ%RRN6UO
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
352/2*2
/DYLWDGL&ULVWRIRUR&RORPERqPLVWHULRVDHDSSDVVLRQDQWH
FL VRQR LQILQLWH ODFXQH GLVWUX]LRQH H SHUGLWD GL GRFXPHQWL
TXDOFXQR IDOVLILFDWR PDQLSRODWR LQWHUSUHWD]LRQL DVVXUGH GL
HYHQWL ULGLFROH OHJJHQGH SXQWL GL YLVWD IDQDWLFDPHQWH
SDU]LDOLHVDOWD]LRQLHVDJHUDWHRDWWDFFKLYLROHQWL
,Q SDUWH O¶LPEURJOLR VL GHYH DOOR VWHVVR &RORPER SHU OD VXD
HFFHVVLYDULVHUYDWH]]DSHUODVXDWUDVFXUDWH]]DQHOODVFLDUH
WHVWLPRQLDQ]H SHU LO VXR GHVLGHULR GL GLPHQWLFDUH OD VXD
XPLOH RULJLQH HG DQFKH SHU OD VXD JHQLDOLWj LQFRPSUHVD
&RORPER q XQ SHUVRQDJJLR DIIDVFLQDQWH H FRPSOHVVR FKH
DYYLQFH FKL FRPLQFLD DG DSSURIRQGLUH OH VXH ULFHUFKH FKL
OHJJH OH RSHUH GHL VXRL PLJOLRUL HG RJJHWWLYL ELRJUDIL GHOOH
VXH UHOD]LRQL GL YLDJJLR GHOOH VXH OHWWHUH )X XQ ILJOLR GHOOD
VXDHSRFDHSRFDFKHULDVVXQVHHODQFLzDXGDFHPHQWHYHUVR
LOIXWXURLQTXHVWRPRGRELVRJQDVWXGLDUORHFRPSUHQGHUOR
8QDFRQRVFHQ]DSLSURIRQGDGHOVHFRORQHOTXDOHYLVVHSXz
VYHODUH PROWL SXQWL RVFXUL H ULVSRQGHUH PROWL LQWHUURJDWLYL
3HUPHWWH LQROWUH GL FRQRVFHUH PHJOLR DOFXQL GHL SUREOHPL
G¶RJJLJLRUQR LQ SDUWLFRODUH DPHULFDQL HUHGLWj GLUHWWD GHO
SDVVDWR
/¶DXWRUH
0RQWHUUH\0HVVLFR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,1',&(
3URORJR«SDJ
&DSLWRORSULPR
/D EDWWDJOLD GL µ&DER VDQ 9LFHQWH¶ /¶LQIDQ]LD H OD
JLRYLQH]]DGL&ULVWRIRUR&RORPERSDJ
&DSLWRORVHFRQGR
)UDJPHQWD]LRQH SROLWLFD G¶,WDOLD&RQVROLGD]LRQH
GHOOH JUDQGL PRQDUFKLH HXURSHH QHO VHFROR [Y,O
ULQDVFLPHQWR LQ ,WDOLD/H SULQFLSDOL UHSXEEOLFKH
PDULQDUH LWDOLDQH 9HQH]LD H *HQRYD%DQFKLHUL H
FRPPHUFLDQWL JHQRYHVL LQ 6SDJQD, FDSLWDOL LWDOR
WHGHVFKL UHQGRQR SRVVLELOH OD FRQTXLVWD H OD
FRORQL]]D]LRQH GHOO¶$PHULFD VSDJQROD H
SRUWRJKHVH/D GRPLQD]LRQH VSDJQROD LQ ,WDOLD
'HFDGHQ]D GHOOD 6SDJQD H GHOO¶,WDOLD*HQHUDOL
LWDOLDQL DO VHUYL]LR GHOOD 6SDJQDYLDJJLDWRUL
HVSORUDWRUL H VFRSULWRUL LWDOLDQL
«««««SDJ
&DSLWRORWHU]R
,O PRQGR FRQRVFLXWR&UHGHQ]H H OHJJHQGH VXJOL
DQWLSRGL, WXUFKL,O FDPPLQR YHUVR OD &LQD H
O¶,QGLDO¶RUR OH VSH]LH H OH FURFLDWH, SRUWRJKHVL
SUHQGRQRO¶LQL]LDWLYDSDJ
&DStWRORTXDUWR
,O ULWUDWWR GL &RORPER*OL DQQL WUDVFRUVL LQ
3RUWRJDOOR0DWULPRQLR H QDVFLWD GL VXR ILJOLR
'LHJR, VXRL FDOFROL VXOOD GLVWDQ]D GDO 3RUWRJDOOR
DOOH,QGLHDWWUDYHUVRO¶RFHDQRWHQHEURVR&ROORTXLR
FRQ *LRYDQQL ,, UH GHO 3RUWRJDOOR
SDJ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&DSLWRORTXLQWR
/D 6SDJQD QHO VHFROR ;9&DVWLJOLD H $UDJRQD/D
FDGXWD GL *UDQDGD/¶LQTXLVL]LRQH/¶HVSXOVLRQH
GHJOL HEUHL H GHL PRUL/D FLYLOWj DUDED, UH
,VDEHOODH)HUQDQGRSDJ
&DSLWRORVHVWR
&RORPER LQ 6SDJQD6DQWD 0DULD GHOOD 5iELGD/D
OXQJD DWWHVD, UH H OD GHFLVLRQH GHL GRWWL/H
µFDSLWXODFLRQHV¶SDJ
&DSLWRORVHWWLPR
,O SRUWR GL 3DORV ± /H FDUDYHOOH ±,O SULPRYLDJJLR
GDODJRVWRDORWWREUHGHO±*OLLQGLDQL±
5LWRUQRLQ6SDJQD±5LFHYLPHQWRHIHVWHJJLDPHQWL
D %DUFHOORQD ± /¶DQHGGRWR GHOO¶XRYR±/D ILUPD GL
&RORPERSDJ
&DSLWRORRWWDYR
(FR GHOOD VFRSHUWD&RORPER LWDOLDQR$OWUH
LQIRUPD]LRQL VXJOL LQGLRV'LVSXWH WUD LO 3RUWRJDOOR
H OD 6SDJQDLO WUDWWDWR GL 7RUGHVLOODV,O SDSD
$OHVVDQGUR9,SDJ
&DSLWRORQRQR
,O VHFRQGR YLDJJLR/H $QWLOOH5LEHOOLRQH QHOOD
6SDJQROD/DVFKLDYLWGHJOLLQGLRV,QHJUL,OWHU]R
YLDJJLR/D WHUUDIHUPD H LO SDUDGLVR WHUUHVWUH/D
SULJLRQLD GL &RORPER,QVXFFHVVR GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR
SDJ
&DSLWRORGHFLPR
,O TXDUWR YLDJJLR6RVWD REEOLJDWD LQ *LDPDLFD
$SSDULVFRQR OH $PHULFKH/D 6SDJQD H O¶$PHULFD,
FRQTXLVWDWRUL/D IHEEUH GHOO¶RUR/H OHJJHQGH
&RQVHJXHQ]HGHOOD6FRSHUWDSDJ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&DSLWRORXQGLFHVLPR
,O WHVWDPHQWR GL &RORPER/D VXD PRUWH/H VXH
WRPEH, SURFHVVL FRQWUR OD FRURQD/D TXHVWLRQH
FRORPELDQD6FRSHUWDRLQFRQWUR"SDJ
&DSLWRORGRGLFHVLPR
/¶HTXLYRFR 9HVSXFFL/D WHUUD G¶$PHULJR, PHULWL
GL 9HVSXFFL, PHULWL GL &RORPER,O 9 FHQWHQDULR
GHOODVFRSHUWDSDJ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&$3,72/2,
/$ %$77$*/,$ ', &$32 6$1 9,&(17(/¶,1)$1=,$ (
/$*,29,1(==$',&5,672)252&2/20%2
,O O DJRVWR GHO O TXDWWUR QDYL JHQRYHVL H XQD GHOOD
%RUJRJQD QDYLJDYDQR YHUVR OD )UDQFLD H O¶,QJKLOWHUUD
WUDVSRUWDQGR PHUFL SUHJLDWH SHU FRQWR GHJOL DUPDWRUL
JHQRYHVL 1LFFROz 6SuQROD H 3DROR GL 1HJUR (UDQR WUH
JDOHD]]Hµ/D5RVVDQD¶FRPDQGDWDGD*LRIIUHGR6SuQRODµ/D
6TXDUFLiWLFD¶ FRPDQGDWD GD 7qUDPR 6TXDUFLjWLFR H µ/D
%HWWLQHOOD¶FRPDQGDWDGD*LDQQDQWRQLRGL1HJURIUDWHOORGL
3DROR GL XQ EDOHQLHUH FRPDQGDWR GD 1LFFROz 6SuQROD H GD
XQKROFRµ/D%HFKDOOD¶FRPDQGDWRGD&ULVWRIRUR6jOYDJR
/H QDYL DYHYDQR VXSHUDWR OR VWUHWWR GL *LELOWHUUD TXDQGR±
SRFRSULPDGLGRSSLDUHLO&DSRVDQ9LFHQWHQHOO¶HVWUHPRVXG
GHO3RUWRJDOOR±IXURQRDWWDFFDWHGDXQDIORWWDGLWUHGLFLQDYL
IUDQFRSRUWRJKHVL DO FRPDQGR GHO FRUVDUR *XLOODXPH GH
&DVHQRYHFKLDPDWR&RXOORQR&RXORQ
6¶LQJDJJLz XQD IHURFH EDWWDJOLD D FROSL GL VSLQJDUGH
IDOFRQHWWL ERPEDUGH FROXEULQH D PDQR H ORWWH FRUSR D
FRUSR QHJOL DUUHPEDJJL FKH GXUz GLHFL RUH $O ILQDOH YDULH
QDYL V¶HUDQR LQFHQGLDWH WUH JHQRYHVL H TXDWWUR FRUVDUH
HUDQR DIIRQGDWH PROWL XRPLQL DQQHJDURQR WUD L TXDOL
FLQTXHFHQWR SRUWRJKHVL DO VROGR GL &RXOORQ FKH SRUWDYDQR
DUPDWXUHSHVDQWL
8Q DJHQWH GHJOL 6SuQROD XRPR GL ILGXFLD HG HVSHUWR LQ
QDYLJD]LRQHFDGGHLQDFTXDH
DIIHUUDWR DG XQ UHPR JLXQVH VXOOD VSLDJJLD GL /DJRV
FLWWDGLQD SRUWRJKHVH GRSR DYHU QXRWDWR XQD GLHFLQD GL
NLORPHWUL4XHVW¶XRPRFKHV¶HUDLPEDUFDWRVXµ/D%HFKDOOD¶
QDYH FDSLWDQD DYHYD DQQL H VL FKLDPDYD &ULVWRIRUR
&RORPER (UD QDWR D *HQRYD , VXRL DQWHQDWL HUDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FRQWDGLQL FKH YHQLYDQR GDO UHWURWHUUD GDO SDHVHWWR GL
0RFyQHVLQHOODYDOOHGL)RQWDQDEXRQD
*LRYDQQL &RORPER VXR QRQQR VL VWDELOu QHO YLOODJJLR GL
4XLQWR IXRUL OH PXUD JHQRYHVL Ou QDFTXH VXR ILJOLR
'RPHQLFR ,O TXDOH HO VSRVz 6XVDQQD )RQWDQDURVVD
HG HEEH FLQTXH ILJOL &URVWRIRUR *LRYDQQL %DUWRORPHR H
*LDFRPRFKHLQ6SDJQDIXFKLDPDWR'LHJRHXQDIHPPLQD
%LDQFKLQHOODVSRVDWDFRQ*LDFRPR%DYDUHOOR*LRYDQQLPRUu
JLRYDQHQHOHSRFRGRSRDQFKHVXDPDGUH6XVDQQDL
WUHIUDWHOOLPDVFKLOLULWURYHUHPRSLWDUGLXQRLQ3RUWRJDOOR
HSRLWXWWLHWUHLQ6SDJQDHLQ$PHULFD
*OL DIIDUL GL 'RPHQLFR FKH HUD FDUGDWRUH SURFHGHYDQR FRQ
DOWHUQDWLYD IRUWXQD DYHYD DSHUWR XQD WDYHUQD D 6DYRQD
WUDIILFDQGR DQFKH FRQ OD ODQD H YLDJJLDQGR FRQWLQXDPHQWH
4XDQGR VL WURYDYD LQ GLIILFROWj HUD DLXWDWR HFRQRPLFDPHQWH
GD&ULVWRIRUR
'RPHQLFR HUD DQFKH XQ µDWWLYLVWD SROLWLFR¶ FRPH VL VDUHEEH
FKLDPDWR RJJL LQ XQD ORWWD WUD IDPLJOLH JHQRYHVL SRWHQWL
JXHOIHHJKLEHOOLQHFKHSDUWHJJLDYDQRSHUOD)UDQFLDRSHUOD
6SDJQD &RVu RJQL FDPELR SROLWLFR OR FRLQYROJHYD
SRVLWLYDPHQWH R QHJDWLYDPHQWH VHFRQGR OH YLWWRULH R OH
VFRQILWWH GHL )UDJRVR DOOHDWL GHJOL 6SuQROD H GHL 'RULD
SURWHWWL GDOOD &DVD IUDQFHVH GHJOL $QMz HQHPLFLGHL)LHVFKL
GHJOL $GRUQR H GHL *ULPDOGL SURWHWWL GDOOD 6SDJQD
'RPHQLFR LQ XQR GHL VXRL PRPHQWL SL IDYRUHYROL IX
QRPLQDWR FXVWRGH GHOOD 3RUWD GHOO¶2OLYHOOD DIILWWz XQD FDVD
QHO TXDUWLHUH GL 3UHWRULD GHQWUR OH PXUD GL *HQRYD
DIILWWDQGR XQD FDVD H XQ WHUUHQR GL SURSULHWj GHL PRQDFL GL
6DQWR 6WHIDQR LQ YLD GHOO¶2OLYHOOD 3UREDELOPHQWH IX Ou GRYH
QDFTXH &ULVWRIRUR QHO 'RPHQLFR FDPELz
QXRYDPHQWHGLFDVDTXDQGRLOSDUWLWRDOTXDOHDSSDUWHQHYD
FRPLQFLz D SHUGHU WHUUHQR DIILWWDQGRQH XQD D XQ FHQWLQDLR
GL PHWUL YHUVR LO FHQWUR QHO 9LFROR 'LULWWR QHO TXDUWLHUH GL
3RQWLFHOOR YLFLQR DOOD 3RUWD GL 6DQW¶$QGUHDFKLDPDWDDQFKH
3RUWD 6RSUDQD SL R PHQR GRYH RJJL L FLFHURQL GLFRQR DL
WXULVWL FKH HUD OD VXD FDVD 'RPHQLFR YL PRUu QHO R
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RQ L IUDWL GL 6DQWR 6WHIDQR H FRQ TXHOOL GL 6DQWD &DWHULQD
&ULVWRIRUR LPSDUz D OHJJHUH H VFULYHUH VWXGLz FDUWRJUDILD
JHRPHWULDGLVHJQRHFDOFRORVHFRQGRVXRILJOLR)HUQDQGR
)RUVH FRPLQFLz D YLDJJLDUH PROWR SUHVWR LQ SLFFROH QDYL GD
FDERWDJJLRFRVWHJJLDQROD/LJXULDSRLIXFRQWUDWWDWRFRPH
XRPRGLILGXFLDGDL&HQWXULRQLGDJOL6SuQRODHGDL'L1HJUR
LTXDOLDYHYDQRVXFFXUVDOLLQPROWLSRUWLHXURSHL1DYLJzFRVu
SHU LO 0HGLWHUUDQHR VXOOD QDYH µ5R[DQD¶ DUULYDQGR ILQR
DOO¶LVRODGL&KLRFKHDSSDUWHQHYDDQFRUDD*HQRYDHYL
ULPDVHXQDQQRQHO)RUVHIXOuGRYHJOLQDFTXHO¶LGHD
GL FHUFDUH XQ DOWUR FDPPLQR OLEHUR GDOOH PLQDFFH WXUFKH
YHUVR OH IRQWL GHOO¶RUR H GHOOH VSH]LH TXLQGL OLEHUDUH
&RVWDQWLQRSROLHLO6DQWR6HSROFURFRPHDQHODYDQRWXWWL
LFULVWDQLGHOO¶HSRFD
1HO JLj HVSHUWR LQ QDYLJD]LRQH H LQ FRPPHUFLR
V¶LPEDUFz FRPH DJHQWH FRPPHUFLDOH QDYLJDQGR SHU OD
SULPDYROWDIXRULGHO0HGLWHUUDQHR
127(
8Q DQQR SULPD HUD QDWR 0LFKHODQJHOR %XRQDUURWL XQ
DQQRGRSRLO7L]LDQR
1RQ WXWWL VL WURYDQR G¶DFFRUGR VXO QXPHUR H OH
QD]LRQDOLWjGHOOHQDYLSHUHVHPSLR0RULVRQVFULYHFKHOD
QDYH FKH QRQ HUD JHQRYHVH HUD ILDPPLQJD ,Q RJQL
PRGR OH )LDQGUH DSSDUWHQHYDQR DO 'XFDWR GL %RUJRJQD
$OWUL VFULWWRUL DIIHUPDQR FKH HUDQR TXDWWUR QDYL FRQWUR
TXLQGLFLFRUVDUH
)HUQDQGR &ROyQ ILJOLR GL &ULVWRIRUR &RORPER QHOOD VXD
³6WRULDGHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR´VFULVVHFKHOH
QDYL HUDQR TXDWWUR PD YHQH]LDQH H FKH ULWRUQDYDQR
GDOOH)LDQGUHH&RORPERVLWURYDYDDERUGRGLXQDGHOOH
QDYL FRUVDUH 6LFXUDPHQWH )HUQDQGR ULFRUGDYD PDOH FLz
FKHGDEDPELQRDYHYDXGLWRUDFFRQWDUHGDVXRSDGUH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RXOyQ WUDGRWWR LQ ODWLQR &ROXPEXV GHWWH PRWLYR D
FRQIXVLRQLDOFXQLFUHGHWWHURFKHVLWUDWWDVVHGHOORVWHVVR
&RORPER,QROWUHHVLVWHYDQRGXHFRUVDUL&RXOyQH&ROyQ
LO SULPR HUD &DVHQRYH LO VHFRQGR HUD JUHFR &RXOyQ HUD
DOVHUYL]LRGHO5HGL)UDQFLDLOTXDOHHUDLQJXHUUDFRQWUR
OD %RUJRJQD QHPLFR GHO UHJQR G¶$UDJRQD H DOOHDWR GHO
3RUWRJDOOR , JHQRYHVL QRQ HUDQR QHPLFL VXRL TXLQGL ±
VHFRQGR XQ¶DOWUD IRQWH VWRULFDGRSR OD EDWWDJOLD &RXORQ
FKLHVHVFXVDHSDJzLGDQQLFDXVDWL
%LVRJQD ULFRUGDUH FKH FRUVDUL H SLUDWL VHEEHQH DJLVVHUR
LQ PRGR PROWR VLPLOH TXDQGR VL WUDWWDYD GL DVVDOWDUH
UXEDUHHXFFLGHUHLSULPLDYHYDQRO¶DXWRUL]]D]LRQHGHOUH
VRWWR FXL EDQGLHUD PLOLWDYDQR H FRQ LO TXDOH VL
GLYLGHYDQR LO ERWWLQR PHQWUH L VHFRQGL µODYRUDYDQR¶ SHU
FRQWR SURSULR $QFKH QHO VHFROR ;; FL IXURQR QDYL
FRUVDUH FRPH TXHOOH WHGHVFKH GXUDQWH OD 6HFRQGD
*XHUUD0RQGLDOH
&RPH VL YHGUj LQ VHJXLWR OD SUHWHVD GL TXDOFXQR GL
DWWULEXLUHD&RORPERODQD]LRQDOLWjSRUWRJKHVHVSDJQROD
R IUDQFHVH QRQ q FKH XQD LOOXVLRQH GL TXDOFKH
QD]LRQDOLVWD $QFKH DOWUH FLWWj LWDOLDQH SUHWHVHUR FKH
IRVVHVWDWRFLWWDGLQRVXRFRPH6DYRQD1HUYL&RJROHWR
3LDFHQ]D H SHUILQR &DOYL LQ 6DUGHJQD LVROD FKH
DSSDUWHQHYDFRPXQTXHD*HQRYD
1HOOR VWHVVR DQQR QDVFHYD ,VDEHOOD OD &DWWROLFD H XQ
DQQRGRSR/HRQDUGRGD9LQFL
$ &KLR VHFRQGR OD WUDGL]LRQH 2PHUR WUDVFRUVH EXRQD
SDUWH GHOOD VXD YLWD 8Q IDPRVR TXDGUR GL 'HODFURL[
ULFRUGD FKH L WXUFKL PDVVDFUDURQR OD SRSROD]LRQH JUHFR
FULVWLDQDGHOO¶LVRODQHO
&RVWDQWLQRSROL R %LVDQ]LR FDGGH LQ SRWHUH GHL WXUFKL
QHO /¶LPSHUDWRUH &RVWDQWLQR DYHYD XQ HVHUFLWR GL
GLHFLPLODXRPLQLFLUFDYHQH]LDQLJHQRYHVLHFDWDODQLLQ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
PDJJLRUDQ]D FRQWUR L FHQWRFLQTXDQWDPLOD WXUFKL GL
0RKDPPHG ,, L TXDOL XWLOL]]DURQR DQFKH O¶DUWLJOLHULD H L
UD]]L G¶RULJLQH FLQHVH 'RSR XQD UHVLVWHQ]D GLVSHUDWD GL
GXH PHVL OD FLWWj IX FRQTXLVWDWD VDFFKHJJLDWD H XFFLVL
TXDVLWXWWLLVXRLGLIHQVRUL
&$3,72/2,,
)5$*0(17$=,21( 32/,7,&$ '¶,7$/,$
&2162/,'$=,21( '(//( *5$1', 021$5&+,(
(8523(( 1(/ 6(&2/2 ;9,/ 5,1$6&,0(172 ,1
,7$/,$/( 35,1&,3$/, 5(38%%/,&+( 0$5,1$5(
,7$/,$1( 9(1(=,$ ( *(129$%$1&+,(5, (
&200(5&,$17, *(129(6, ,1 63$*1$, &$3,7$/,
,7$/27('(6&+, 5(1'212 3266,%,/( /$
&2148,67$ ( /$ &2/21,==$=,21( '(//¶$0(5,&$
63$*12/$ ( 32572*+(6(/$ '20,1$=,21(
63$*12/$ ,1 ,7$/,$'(&$'(1=$ '(//$ 63$*1$ (
'(//¶,7$/,$*(1(5$/,,7$/,$1,$/6(59,=,2'(//$
63$*1$9,$**,$725, (63/25$725, ( 6&235,725,
,7$/,$1,
/HIURQWLHUHWUDLQXPHURVLVWDWLLWDOLDQLFDPELDYDQRVSHVVR
GHO UHVWR FRPH DQFKH TXHOOH GHJOL DOWUL VWDWL HXURSHL FRVu
FRPH OH DPLFL]LH H OH LQLPLFL]LH G¶DFFRUGR FRQ OH
FRQYHQLHQ]HGHOPRPHQWR
&RQ OD SDFH GL /RGL OH IURQWLHUH LWDOLDQH UHVWDURQR
LPPXWDWHGXUDQWHXQDFLQTXDQWLQDG¶DQQLFKHFRPSUHQGRQR
O¶LQWHUDYLWDGL&ULVWRIRUR&RORPER
1HOO¶,WDOLD GHO QRUG LO 'XFDWR GL 6DYRLD LQFOXGHYD LO &RQWDGR
GL 1L]]D H TXDVL WXWWD O¶DWWXDOH 6YL]]HUD IUDQFHVH LO 'XFDWR
GL0LODQRFKHLQFOXGHYDDQFKHO¶DWWXDOH6YL]]HUDLWDOLDQDOD
5HSXEEOLFD GL 9HQH]LD FKH GRPLQDYD OD 'DOPD]LD OD
5HSXEEOLFD GL *HQRYD FKH LQFOXGHYD OD &RUVLFD H JOL 6WDWL
(VWHQVL FRQ OH FLWWj GL 0RGHQD 5HJJLR H )HUUDUD
SRVWHULRUPHQWH LQFRUSRUDWH DOOR 6WDWR GHOOD &KLHVD /¶,WDOLD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FHQWUDOH HUD GLYLVD WUD OR 6WDWR GHOOD &KLHVD OD 5HSXEEOLFD
ILRUHQWLQD OD 5HSXEEOLFD VHQHVH OD 5HSXEEOLFD GL /XFFD H L
SLFFROLGXFDWLGL0DVVDHGL3LRPELQR,O5HJQRGL1DSROLFKH
V¶HVWHQGHYD LQ WXWWD O¶,WDOLD GHO VXG GLSHQGHYD GHO 5HJQR
G¶$UDJRQDFRVuFRPHOHLVROHGL6LFLOLDH6DUGHJQD
0HQWUH VL IRUPDYDQR H FRQVROLGDYDQR OH JUDQGL PRQDUFKLH
HXURSHHO¶,WDOLDYHQLYDLQYDVDGDWUXSSHIUDQFHVLDUDJRQHVL
FDVWLJOLDQH H SRL DXVWULDFKH 7UDVIRUPDWD LQ FDPSR GL
EDWWDJOLD H ERWWLQR GHO YLQFLWRUH GL WXUQR YHGHYD VHPSUH
SL ORQWDQD OD VXD XQLILFD]LRQH /¶,QJKLOWHUUD GRPLQDYD
O¶,UODQGD PD QRQ DQFRUD OD 6FR]LD /D )UDQFLD VWDYD
FRQVROLGDQGR LO VXR UHJQR PD &DODLV DSSDUWHQHYD DQFRUD
DJOL LQJOHVL /¶,PSHUR URPDQRJHUPDQLFR 6DFUR 5RPDQR
,PSHUR GRPLQDYD WXWWD O¶(XURSD FHQWUDOH HG HUD IRUPDWR
GD XQD IHGHUD]LRQH DQDUFKLFD GL SULQFLSDWL VWDWL IHXGDOL H
FLWWj OLEHUH FKH LQFOXGHYD DQFKH L 3DHVL %DVVL XQD SDUWH
GHOOD)UDQFLDDWWXDOHHLO%HOJLR
/¶$UFLGXFDWR G¶$XVWULD UHWWR GDOOD FDVD UHJQDQWH GHJOL
$EVEXUJR DXPHQWDYD LO VXR SRWHUH PHQWUH LO 5HJQR
G¶8QJKHULD VWDYD VSDUHQGR D FDXVD GHOOH LQYDVLRQL WXUFKH
FKH V¶HVWHQGHYDQR VXL %DOFDQL )LQDOPHQWH OD SHQLVROD
LEHULFD HUD GLYLVD WUD L UHJQL GL &DVWLJOLD H /HyQ $UDJRQD
1DYDUUD *UDQDGD XOWLPR UHJQR PRUR QHOOD 6SDJQD H
TXHOORGHO3RUWRJDOOR
,Q ,WDOLD SDUWLFRODUPHQWH D )LUHQ]H HUD FRPLQFLDWR LO
5LQDVFLPHQWR H JUD]LH D /RUHQ]R GH¶ 0HGLFL DQFKH XQ
HTXLOLEULR SROLWLFR WUD L YDUL VWDWL FKH VL UXSSH FRQ OD VXD
PRUWHQHOORVWHVVRDQQRGHOODVFRSHUWDGHOO¶$PHULFD
/¶DQQR VHJXHQWH VDOu VXO WURQR SDSDOH $OHVVDQGUR 9, GHOOD
IDPLJOLD VSDJQROD %RUMD FRJQRPH LWDOLDQL]]DWR LQ %RUJLD
IDFHQGRDXPHQWDUHLOGRPLQLRVSDJQRORLQ,WDOLD
)X O¶HSRFD VSOHQGHQWH GHL JUDQGL DUWLVWL WUD L TXDOL IUD¶
$QJHOLFR 3DROR 8FFHOOR 'RPHQLFR *KLUODQGDLR 'RPHQLFR
9HQH]LDQR IUD¶ )LOLSSR /LSSL 6DQGUR %RWWLFHOOL %HQR]]R
*R]]ROL $QGUHD GHO &DVWDJQR 'RQDWHOOR %UXQHOOHVFKL LO
3ROODLXROR /HRQDUGR GD 9LQFL %UDPDQWH 0LFKHODQJHOR
5DIIDHOOR LO 9HUURFFKLR LO 3HUXJLQR *LRUJLRQH LO 7L]LDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
PHQWUH LQ OHWWHUDWXUD HPHUJHYDQR LO 3ROL]LDQR H O¶$ULRVWR H
LQSROLWLFD0DFKLDYHOOLH*XLFFLDUGLQL
(SRFD VWUDERFFDQWH GL DYYHQLPHQWL FXOOD GHO SHQVLHUR H
GHOOD SUREOHPDWLFD VRFLRSROLWLFD GHOO¶XRPR RFFLGHQWDOH FKH
FRPLQFLDYD D OLEHUDUVL GHO 0HGLR (YR SHU HQWUDU QHO PRQGR
PRGHUQR/¶(XURSDFDPELDYDGLSHOOHO¶XRPRULQDVFLPHQWDOH
DFTXLVWDYDSLHQDILGXFLDQHOO¶LPSRUWDQ]DHSRVVLELOLWjGHOOD
VXDPHQWHHGHOVXRVSLULWR/DVFRSHUWDGHOO¶$PHULFDQRQQH
q FKH XQD GHOOH FRQVHJXHQ]H H XQR VERFFR ORJLFR GL TXHVWD
QXHYDPDQLHUDGLSHQVDUHHGLDJLUH
/¶2FFLGHQWH HXURSHR VHQWLYD O¶LPSHOOHQWH QHFHVVLWj GL
URPSHUH OH OLPLWDWH EDUULHUH GHO PRQGR FRQRVFLXWR GL
VRGGLVIDUH LO VXR SRWHUH GL FRQTXLVWD H GL FRQRVFHQ]D H
ULFHYHUHQXRYLLPSXOVLPDWHULDOLGDOOHQXHYHWHUUH
/¶XRPR FKH ULQDVFHYD HUD XQ HVVHUH TXDVL PRGHUQR SHUz
DQFRUD PHGLRHYDOH LQ YDUL DVSHWWL (G q VRWWR TXHVWD OXFH
FKH GREELDPR VWXGLDUH H FRPSUHQGHUH &RORPER HG DQFKH
JOL DYYHQLPHQWL TXH GD OXL GLSHVHUR &RORPER HUD XQR GL
TXHVWL XRPLQL WUD O¶DQWLFR H LO PRGHUQR FRQ OH VXH LGHH H
FUHGHQ]HFRQOHVXHJHVWDSRVLWLYHHQHJDWLYH
/HTXDWWUR5HSXEEOLFKHPDULQDUHLWDOLDQH9HQH]LD*HQRYD
3LVD HG $PDOIL DYHYDQR ULFHYXWR GDO PRQGR DQWLFR O¶HUHGLWj
GHOOD QDYLJD]LRQH GHO FRPPHUFLR GHOO¶DYYHQWXUD /RWWDURQR
WUD ORUR SHU LO GRPLQLR GHO FRPPHUFLR DWWUDYHUVR LO
0HGLWHUUDQHR H VL HOLPLQDURQR XQD GRSR O¶DOWUD 'DO VHFROR
;,,,JHQRYHVLHYHQH]LDQLDYHYDQRLQVHJQDWRLQXRYLPHWRGL
GHOOD QDYLJD]LRQH DJOL HEUHL GL 0DLRUFD H D FDWDODQL
FDVWLJOLDQLLQJOHVLSRUWRJKHVLIUDQFHVLHWXUFKL
3RL L JHQRYHVL FKH VL HUDQR GLVWLQWL FRPH VROGDWL IDPRVL
IXURQR L VXRL EDOHVWULHUL H PDULQDL VL FRQYHUWLURQR LQ
FRPPHUFLDQWLHEDQFKLHULDELOLVVLPLDUPDWRULHFDUWRJUDIL
/H SULPH FDUWH JHRJUDILFKH IXURQR LWDOLDQH VHEEHQH VL
EDVDVVHUR VXOOH LQIRUPD]LRQL SRUWRJKHVL FRQ UHOD]LRQH DOOH
FRVWH DIULFDQH ( IXURQR L JHQRYHVL QXPHURVL LQ WXWWD
O¶(XURSD FKH LQL]LDURQR OD FDUWRJUDILD SHUILQR QHOOD VWHVVD
/LVERQD
*HQRYD H 9HQH]LD GRPLQDYDQR LO 0HGLWHUUDQHR RULHQWDOH
JLXQJHQGR ILQR DO 0DU 1HUR H DYHYDQR EDVL FRPPHUFLDOL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QHOOH FRVWH H QHOOH LVROH GHO 0HGLR 2ULHQWH GHOO¶$IULFD
PHGLWHUUDQHDHGHOO¶(XURSDRULHQWDOH
/D FDGXWDGL&RVWDQWLQRSROLQHOIXXQGXURFROSRSHU
*HQRYD FKH SHUGHWWH OH VXH EDVL H L VXRL FRPPHUFL QHO 0DU
1HUR DQFKH 9HQH]LD QRQ QH XVFu LQGHQQH FRPXQTXH
HQWUDPEH VL DGDWWDURQR DOOD QXRYD VLWXD]LRQH L YHQH]LDQL
FRQWLQXDURQR D FRPPHUFLDUH FRL WXUFKL DQFKH VH SHUGHWWHUR
YDUL SULYLOHJL &L IXURQR JXHUUH PD DQFKH FRPSURPHVVL QHO
PXWXR LQWHUHVVH ,QYHFH L JHQRYHVL DOWUH DG DUPDWRUL VL
FRQYHUWLURQR LQ LQYHVWLWRUL H EDQFKLHUL SULQFLSDOPHQWH LQ
6SDJQD FKH FRPLQFLDYD DG DSSDULUH FRPH XQD SRWHQ]D
HXURSHD H FKH HVSXOVDQGR HEUHL H PRUL DYHYD ODVFLDWR
OLEHUR LO FDPSR ILQD]LDULR FKH JOL LWDOLDQL RFFXSDURQR
UDSLGDPHQWH
7UDGL]LRQDOPHQWH*HQRYDHUDDOOHDWDGHOOD&DVWLJOLDHULYDOH
GHOO¶$UDJRQD D FDXVD GHOOD ORUR UHFLSURFD FRQFRUUHQ]D QHO
0HGLWHUUDQHR
, EDQFKLHUL JHQRYHVL SUHVWDYDQR LPSRUWDQWL VRPPH GL
GHQDURDL5HGHOOD&DVWLOODHV¶LPSDGURQLURQRDSRFRDSRFR
GHJOLDIIDULSLOXFUDWLYLGHOODSHQLVRODFRPHLOWUDIILFRGHOOD
VHWD LO PRQRSROLR GHO FRPPHUFLR LQWHUQR GHOO¶DFFLDLR GHL
FHUHDOL H GHOOD ODQD /H EDQFKH JHQRYHVL VL VWDELOLURQR
VROLGDPHQWH LQ WXWWD OD 6SDJQDFRQWUROODYDQRDQFKHDOFXQH
GRJDQH HG DYHYDQR WXWWR O¶DSSRJJLR GHOOD PRQDUFKLD GDWR
FKH L 5H GL &DVWLJOLD DYHYDQR VHPSUH ELVRJQR GL GHQDUR
SULPD SHU OH ORWWH GL ULFRQTXLVWD GHO WHUULWRULR QD]LRQDOH
FRQWUR L PRUL SRL SHU OD FRQTXLVWD OR VIUXWWDPHQWR H
O¶DPPLQLVWUD]LRQH GHOOH FRORQLH DPHULFDQH H LQ ILQH SHU OH
JXHUUH FKH VRVWHQHYD LQ (XURSD SHU PDQWHQHUH OD
VXSUHPD]LDGHJOL$EVEXUJR
/DGHFDGHQ]DGHOOD5HSXEEOLFDGL*HQRYDQHOVHFROR;9,QRQ
IX HFRQRPLFD FRPH VSHVVR VL VFULYH PD SROLWLFD D FDXVD
GHOOH ORWWH LQWHVWLQH WUD OH GLYHUVH ID]LRQL XQ IDWWR FKH VL
ULSHWH VSHVVR LQ ,WDOLD VHQ]D SHUWXUEDUH LO VXR VYLOXSSR
LQGXVWULDOHHODVXDSURVSHULWjHFRQRPLFD
5HDOPHQWH OD GHFDGHQ]D LWDOLDQD QRQ IX FDXVDWD GDOOD
VFRSHUWD GHOO¶$PHULFD SHU DYHU VSRVWDWR LO FRPPHUFLR GDO
0HGLWHUUDQHR DOO¶$WODQWLFR GHFDGHQ]D FKH SRL DYYHQQH XQ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
VHFROR H PH]]R GRSR PD IX XQD FRQVHJXHQ]D GL TXHOOD
VSDJQROD 1p L WXUFKL Qp L SRUWRJKHVL SUHJLXGLFDURQR
VHULDPHQWH O¶HFRQRPLD LWDOLDQD FKH SRVVHGHYD
XQ¶RUJDQL]]D]LRQH HILFLHQWH VLD FRPPHUFLDOH FRPH
ILQDQ]LDULD XQ¶HFFHOOHQWH TXDOLWj H GLYHUVLILFD]LRQH GL
SURGRWWL FKH OH DVVLFXUDYD OD VXSUHPD]LD VXL PHUFDWL
HXURSHL 4XDQGR LO UHVWR G¶(XURSD FRPLQFLz D
LQGXVWUDOL]]DUVL SDUWLFRODUPHQWH OD *HUPDQLD GHO VXG JOL
LWDOLDQL GRYHWWHUR FRPHDIIHUPD3DUU\PLJOLRUDUHODTXDOLWj
GHLVXRLSURGRWWLULEDVVDUHLSUH]]LHGDUPDJJLRULPSXOVRDO
VXR VHQVR SUDWLFR H DOOD VXD LQQDWD WHQGHQ]D DOOD FUHD]LRQH
HVWHWLFD
/D SROLWLFD VSDJQROD IRQGDPHQWDOPHQWH ILVFDOH H OD VXD
OHQWD PD JUDGXDOH GHFDGHQ]D FRPH SRWHQ]D PRQGLDOH
WUDVFLQDURQRO¶,WDOLDDOGHFOLQR,QEXRQDSDUWHODIRUPD]LRQH
GHOO¶,PSHURVSDJQRORIXGRYXWDDOODIRUWXQDDOFDVRFRPHOD
VFRSHUWD GHOO¶$PHULFD H OD VXD IDFLOH FRQTXLVWD H
VRSUDWWXWWR OD XQLRQH GHJOL $EVEXUJR FKH GRPLQDYDQR LO
FHQWUR G¶(XURSD /D VXD GHFDGHQ]D XEELGu D YDULH FDXVH
ROWUH DOOD GHFLVLRQH GL &DUOR , GL 6SDJQD FKH HUD &DUOR 9
GHOO¶,PSHURGLDEGLFDUHVLGRYHWWHDOOHLPPHQVHVSHVHFKH
DYHYD VRVWHQXWR D FDXVD GHOOH QXPHURVH JXHUUH H
DOO¶RQHURVD DPPLQLVWUD]LRQH FRORQLDOH /H ULFFKH]]H FKH
DUULYDYDQR GDOO¶$PHULFD H GDJOL DOWUL GRPLQL HXURSHL
VSDULYDQR UDSLGDPHQWH PHQWUH OD FDPSDJQD VSDJQROD
ODQJXLYDQHOODPLVHULD6HQ]DFRQWDUHFKHRODQGHVLHGLQJOHVL
DXPHQWDYDQR OD VXSUHPD]LD QDYDOH H FRPPHUFLDOH DGDQQR
GHOODVWHVVD6SDJQD
4XDQGR OD 6SDJQD V¶LPSRVVHVVz GHO 3RUWRJDOOR H GHOOH VXH
QXPHURVH FRORQLH LPSHGu DOOH QDYL RODQGHVL O¶HQWUDWD DO
SRUWRGL/LVERQDHPSRULRGHOOHVSH]LHFRVLFFKpJOLRODQGHVL
IRQGDURQR OD &RPSDJQLD GHOOH *UDQGL ,QGLH H
SRVWHULRUPHQWHOD&RPSDJQLDGHOOH,QGLH2FFLGHQWDOLO¶,QGLD
H O¶$PHULFD FRQ OR VFRSR G¶HYLWDUH LO EORFFR VSDJQROR
/¶,QJKLOWHUUD VFRQILJJHQGR O¶$UPDWD ,QYLQFLELOH FRQTXLVWz LO
GRPLQLR GHL PDUL JUD]LH D XQD VWUDWHJLD QDYDOH SL
PRGHUQD 0HQWUH OD 6SDJQD FRQWLQXDYD D GLSHQGHUH GDL
FDSLWDOL LWDOLDQL H WHGHVFKL SHU FRQTXLVWDUH O¶$PHULFD H SRL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
SHUODFRORQL]]D]LRQHHLOFRPPHUFLRLQFOXGHQGRLOWUDVSRUWR
GHLSURGRWWLHLOILQDQ]LDPHQWRGHOOHIORWWHLVSDQRSRUWRJKHVL
&LIXXQ¶HSRFDQHOODTXDOHODFDVDWHGHVFD(KLQJHURWWHQQHLO
PRQRSROLR GHOOD WUDWWD GHJOL VFKLDYL GDOO¶$IULFD DOO¶$PHULFD
PHQWUH LO FRPPHUFLR GHOOH VSH]LH HUD LQ PDVVLPD SDUWH LQ
PDQR DL JHQRYHVL ,Q FDPELR OH WUXSSH GL &DUOR 9
FRQTXLVWDYDQRO¶,WDOLDHLOVXRGRPLQLRGXUzSLGLDQQL
GDO DO 6ROR OD 5HSXEEOLFD GL 9HQH]LD SRWHWWH
PDQWHQHUHODVXDDXWRQRPLD³*OLVSDJQROLLQ6LFLOLDURGRQR
D 1DSROL PDQJLDQR H D 0LODQR GLYRUDQR´ HUD XQ GHWWR
SRSRODUHGHOO¶HSRFD
(FRPHVFULVVH0DFKLDYHOOL³,OIUDQFHVHUXEDSHUGLVVLSDUORR
PDQJLDUVHOR LQYLWDQGR DQFKH FROXL DO TXDOH KD UXEDWR
&DUDWWHUH RSSRVWR D TXHOOR GHJOL VSDJQROL LQIDWWL FLz FKH
TXHVWLWLUXEDQRQRQORULYHGUDLPDLSL´
*OLVSDJQROLD1DSROLJRYHUQDYDQRXQSDHVHLPSRYHULWRILQR
DOODGLVSHUD]LRQHFKHYHGHYDULEHOOLRQLFRQWLQXHGHOSRSROR
YLWWLPDGHOODPLVHULDHGHOODIDPH
$OWUH ULEHOOLRQL VFRSSLDURQR D 0HVVLQD 0LODQR H 3DOHUPR
FRQWUR JOL DUELWUL H OH WDVVD]LRQL *OL VSDJQROL IXURQR HVSXOVL
GD TXHVWH FLWWj SURPLVHUR FOHPHQ]D H PDJQDQLPLWj PD
XQDYROWDULFRQTXLVWDWRLOSRWHUHODORURYHQGHWWDIXVHPSUH
LPSODFDELOHHYDQHOHORURSURPHVVH
³2JQLSURPHVVDqGHELWR´VLGLFHYDLQ,WDOLDPDJOLVSDJQROL
LQYHQWDURQR XQ DOWUR SURYHUELR ³3URPHWWHUH QRQ
LPSRYHULVFH´
0HVVLQDHEEHPROWLFLWWDGLQLFRQGDQQDWLDPRUWHDOWULHVLOLDWL
GRSR HVVHU VWDWL FRQILVFDWL L ORUR EHQL /D FLWWj XQD YROWD
SURVSHUD FDGGH QHOOD PLVHULD , PHVVLQHVL V¶HUDQR ULEHOODWL
FRQWUROHHFFHVVLYHLPSRVWHVXOO¶LQGXVWULDGHOODODQDFKHHUD
ODORURSULQFLSDOHULFFKH]]D$YHYDPLODDELWDQWLPDGRSR
ODUHSUHVVLRQHVSDJQRODQHULPDVHURPLOD
,Q WXWWD O¶,WDOLD OD ERUJKHVLD GHFDGGH H VL ULGXVVH VHPSUH
SLORVWHVVRVXFFHVVHDOODSLFFRODSURSULHWjDOFRPPHUFLR
DJULFROWXUDHLQGXVWULHSHUzDXPHQWzLOODWLIRQGR/DQRELOWj
DFFUHEEH OD VXD LQVROHQ]D H VL FRQVLGHUz DO GL VRSUD GHOOH
OHJJL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
$QFKH O¶LQGXVWULD PLODQHVH GHFDGGH FRPH ODVFLz VFULWWR
3LHWUR9HUULQHO
³/DGRPLQD]LRQHVSDJQRODLVWDXUzXQDSROLWLFDG¶LQJQRUDQ]D
VXSHUVWL]LRQH H WLPRUH $YHYD WURYDWR XQD FLWWj GL
DELWDQWLHIDEEOLFKHGLODQDPDGRSRLDQQLGLJRYHUQR
VSDJQROR 0LODQR QRQ DYHYD SL GL DELWDQWL H
UHVWDYDQRVRORLQGXVWULH´
$OHVVDQGUR 0DQ]RQL LPPRUWDOy QHO VXR IDPRVR URPDQ]R ³,
3URPHVVL6SRVL´ODGRPLQD]LRQHVSDJQRODQHOQRUGG¶,WDOLD
6DQ &DUOR %RUURPHR ULXVFu DG LPSHGLUH O¶LVWLWX]LRQH
GHOO¶,QTXLVL]LRQH VSDJQROD D 0LODQR PDOJUDGR O¶RUGLQH GL
)LOLSSR,,
1XPHURVH JXHUUH GHOOD /HJD GHJOL $EVEXUJR H GHOOD
6XFFHVVLRQHVSDJQRODHEEHUROXRJRLQ,WDOLDFKHGLYHQQHXQ
ERWWLQR SHU L YLQFLWRUL $QFKH OD 6DYRLD IX RFFXSDWD GDJOL
VSDJQROL GXUDQWH OH JXHUUH WUD &DUOR 9 H )UDQFHVFR , 5H GL
)UDQFLD PHQWUH L WHUULWRUL YHQH]LDQL IXURQR ULGRWWL D IDYRUH
GHJOL$EVEXUJRDXVWULDFLHGHOOD/RPEDUGLD
/R 6WDWR GHOOD &KLHVD VL WURYDYD LQ EDOLD GHO GLVRUGLQH
DPPLQLVWUDWLYR GHOOD PLVHULD GHO SRSROR GHOOD SUHSRWHQ]D
GHLQRELOLHGHOOHUDSLQHGHLEDQGLWL
,QRJQLPRGRO¶,WDOLDDYHYDYLVWRILRULUHLO5LQDVFLPHQWRFKH
JLj GHFOLQDYD PHQWUH OD 6SDJQD YLYHYD DQFRUD QHO 0HGLR
(YR H LQ YDUL DVSHWWL FRQWLQXz DG HVVHUH PHGLRHYDOH ILQR
DOOD SULPD PHWj GHO VHFROR ;; SDVVDQGR TXHVWD HUHGLWj
DOO¶$PHULFD/DWLQD
/D SROLWLFD VSDJQROD LQ ,WDOLD H QHOOH )LDQGUH VL JLXVWLILFDED
LQ PDVVLPD SDUWH D FDXVD GHOOD QHFHVVLWj LPSHOOHQWH GL
GHQDUR GL FXL L 5H GL 6SDJQD QH DYHYDQR ELVRJQR SHU
PDQWHQHUH L ORUR HVHUFLWL TXDVL VHPSUH LQ JXHUUD H YDULH
YROWHIXURQRFRVWUHWWLDGLFKLDUDUVLLQEDQFDURWWD
2OWUHOHWDVVHHOHLPSRVWHO¶,WDOLDGHWWHDOOD6SDJQDXQEXRQ
QXPHURGLJUDQGLJHQHUDOLHVFRSULWRUL
%
9DUL VWRULRJUDIL SXU ULFRQRVFHQGR TXHVWL SULQFLSL EDVLFL
VH QH GLPHQWLFDQR VSHVVR H PROWH YROWH JLXGLFDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RORPER FRPH VH IRVVH XQ XRPR GHOOD ORUR HSRFD ,Q
RJQL PRGR ELVRJQD ULFRQRVFHUH FKH QRQ q FHUWDPHQWH
IDFLOH QRQ IDU ULFRUVR DOOD QRVWUD PHQWDOLWj DWWXDOH
TXDQGR FHUFKLDPR GL FDSLUH O¶HSRFD GL &RORPER SHU
LQWHUSUHWDUOD QHO VXR JLXVWR YDORUH G¶DFFRUGR FRQ OH
UHJROHHODPHQWDOLWjGLTXHOWHPSR
/HSULQFLSDOLFDUWHJHRJUDILFKHGHOO¶HSRFDHUDQRTXHOOHGL
$QGUHD %LDQFR GHO GHO JHQRYHVH %DUWRORPHR
3DUHWRGHOHGL*UD]LRVR%HQLQFDVDGHO
1LFROz0DFKLDYHOL³6FULWWL3ROLWLFL´FDSLWROR9,
&RPH PROWL VWRULRJUDIL VFULYRQR O¶RFFXSD]LRQH H OR
VIUXWWDPHQWR VSDJQROL GLVWUXVVHUR OD SURVSHULWj
HFRQRPLFD GHOOH UHJLRQL SL ULFFKH G¶(XURSD LO QRUG
G¶,WDOLDHOH)LDQGUH
,Q RJQL PRGR OR VWHVVR VXFFHGHYD LQ PROWH ]RQH
HXURSHH VDUHEEH VXIILFLHQWH OHJJHUH FLz FKH 7RPPDVR
0RUR VFULVVH QHO VXR OLEUR ³8WRSLD´ VXOOD
PLVHULDGHOSRSRORO¶LQJLXVWL]LDGHOOHOHJJLHJOLDEXVLGHO
SRWHUHLQ,QJKLOWHUUD
(PDQXHOH )LOLEHUWR GL 6DYRLD DO FRPDQGR
GHOO¶HVHUFLWR VSDJQROR ILDPPLQJKL WHGHVFKL VSDJQROL
LWDOLDQL XQJKHUHVL H LQJOHVL VFRQILVVH O¶HVHUFLWR
IUDQFHVH DO FRPDQGR GHO FRQWHVWDELOH GL 0RQWPRUHQF\
HG HVSXJQz OD IRUWH]]D GL 6DQ 4XLQWLQR GLIHVD GDO
JHQHUDOH *DVSDUUH GL &ROLJQ\ QHO %DWWDJOLD FKH
)LOLSSR ,, YROOH FRPPHPRUDUH RUGLQDQGR OD FRVWUX]LRQH
GHOO¶(VFXULDOHGL0DGULG(PDQXHOH)LOLEHUWRVLHUDGLVWLQWR
DQFKH QHOOH XOWLPH FDPSDJQH GL &DUOR 9 FRQTXLVWDQGR
0DHVWULFKWLOSDVVRGHOOD6FKHOGD$QYHUVDHGDOWUHFLWWj
$OHVVDQGUR )DUQHVH IX JRYHUQDWRUH GHOOH )LDQGUH SUHVH
%UXJHV*DQWH<SUqVH%UXVVHOOHFRPEDWWpD/HSDQWRH
IXGXFDGL3DUPDH3LDFHQ]D
3URVSHUR &RORQQD DO FRPDQGR GHOO¶HVHUFLWR VSDJQROR
VFRQILVVH JOL µLQYLQFLELOL¶ VYL]]HUL QHOOD EDWWDJOLD GHOOD
%LFRFFDQHOHFRQTXLVWz*HQRYD
$PEURJLR 6SuQROD JHQRYHVH SUHVH %UHGD QHO OD
UHVD GHOOD FLWWj DSSDUH LQ XQR GHL SL IDPRVL TXDGUL GL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
9HOi]TXH] PRUu QHO DPDUHJJLDWR D FDXVD GHOOD
PDQFDQ]DGLULFRQRVFLPHQWRGDSDUWHGHO5H
*OL LWDOLDQL GHOO¶HSRFD QRQ VROR IXURQR JUDQGL JHQHUDOL
EDQFKLHUL H FRPPHUFLDQWL PD DQFKH PDULQDL HG
HVSORUDWRUL &RPH VFULVVH %XUFNKDUGW &RORPER IX LO SL
JUDQGH GL WXWWD XQD OXQJD OLVWD G¶HVSORUDWRUL H VFRSULWRUL
LWDOLDQLLQ$IULFD$VLDHG$PHULFD
9HQH]LDQL H JHQRYHVL LQYLDWL GDL GLYHUVL 6WDWL LWDOLDQL R
SHU FRQWR SURSULR R DO VHUYL]LR GHOOH JUDQGL PRQDUFKLH
HXURSHH HVSORUDURQR LO 6DKDUD FRQ OR VFRSR GL
UDJJLXQJHUHO¶RURGHO6XGDQFRPHIHFH$QWRQLR0DOIDQWH
QHOHOHFRVWHRULHQWDOLGHOO¶$IULFD
)LQ GDO VHFROR ;,,, 8JROLQR H 9DGLQR 9LYDOGL JHQRYHVL
VDOSDURQR H UDJJLXQVHUR OH FRVWH RFFLGHQWDOL GHOO¶$IULFD
SHU FRQWR GL 7HGLVLR 'RULD PD VSDULURQR VHQ]D ODVFLDU
WUDFFLD
5HOLJLRVL VRSUDWWXWWR IUDQFHVFDQL SDUWLURQR LQ PLVVLRQH
YHUVR O¶2ULHQWH ,O SDSD ,QQRFHQ]R ,9 QHO LQYLz
XQD PLVVLRQH GLUHWWD GD IUD¶ *LRYDQQL GHO 3LDQ GHO
&jUSLQHFKHJLXQVHILQRLQ&LQD
1HO L YHQH]LDQL 0DWWHR H 1LFFROz 3ROR H
VXFFHVVLYDPHQWH 0DUFR ILJOLR GL 0DWWHR JLXQVHUR LQ
&LQD H LQ ,QGLD 1HO *LRYDQQL GD 3RQWHFRUYLQR
DUULYz D 3HFKLQR 1HO IUD¶ 2GHULFR GD 3RUGHQRQH
YLVLWzOD&LQDOD,QGLDHLO7LEHW
1HO L JHQRYHVL ULVFRSULURQR O¶LVROD GL 0DGHLUD JLj
FRQRVFLXWDGDLURPDQL
1HO LO JHQRYHVH /DQ]DURWWR 0DURQFHOOR JLXQVH DOOH
LVROH &DQDULH H GHWWH LO VXR QRPH D XQD GL HVVH
/DQ]DURWH /H &DQDULH HUDQR FRQRVFLXWH GDJOL DQWLFKL FRO
QRPH GL LVROH )RUWXQDWH GDWR FKH VL FUHGHYD FKH YL VL
WURYDVVHURL&DPSL(OLVLGLPRUDHWHUQDGHOOHDQLPHGHJOL
HURL H FKH L URPDQL FKLDPDURQR &DQDULH FLRq WHUUH GL
FDQLVHOYDJJL
,O JHQRYHVH $QWRQLRWWR 8VRGLPDUH H LO YHQH]LDQR $OYLVH
&D¶ GD 0RVWR QHO DUULYDURQR DO &DSR 9HUGH H DO
ILXPH*DPELDLQ$IULFD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
'RSR &RORPER &DERWR H 9HVSXFFL DOWUL VFRSULWRUL HG
HVSORUDWRUL LWDOLDQL LPSRUWDQWL IXURQR 9HUUD]]DQR DO
VHUYL]LRGHOOD)UDQFLDLOTXDOHVFRSSuODEDLDGL1HZ<RUN
H 0DODVSLQD DO VHUYL]LR GHOOD 6SDJQD FKH FLUFRQQDYLJz
OH$PHULFKHDUULYDQGRILQRDOO¶$ODVND
&$3,72/2,,,
,/ 021'2 &2126&,872&5('(1=( ( /(**(1'(
68*/, $17,32',, 785&+,,/ &$00,12 9(562 /$
&,1$ ( /¶,1',$/¶252 /( 63(=,( ( /( &52&,$7(,
32572*+(6,35(1'212/¶,1,=,$7,9$
&KLVVj IXURQR L SLWDJRULFL L SULPL DG DIIHUPDUH FKH OD WHUUD
HUD URWRQGD H LQ FRQWLQXR PRYLPHQWR 3ODWRQH H $ULVWRWHOH
DFFHWWDURQR WDOL LGHH 3ODWRQH SHQVDYD FKH O¶XQLYHUVR IRVVH
VWDWR FUHDWR GD 'LR SHU VRGGLVIDUH OH QHFHVVLWj GHOO¶XRPR
SHUFLz GRYHYD HVVHU SHUIHWWR GDWR FKH 'LR QRQ SRWHYD IDU
QXOOD G¶LPSHUIHWWR 4XHVWR FRQFHWWR IX ULSUHVR GDOOH ILORVRILH
FULVWLDQHPHGLRHYDOL'XUDQWHLO0HGLR(YRVLFUHGHYDFKHOD
WHUUDFRPSOHWDPHQWHFLUFRQGDWDGDOOHDFTXHVLFRPSRQHVVH
GL WUH SDUWL O¶(XURSD PDVVLPD SHUIH]LRQH O¶$VLD H O¶$IULFD
LQ UHOD]LRQH FRQ L WUH ILJOL GL 1Rq 6HP &DP H -DSKHW
IRUPDQGRXQDVRODXQLWjG¶DFFRUGRFRQODOHJJHGLYLQD8QR
H7ULQR1RQFRQGLYLGHUHWDOHRSLQLRQHHUDFRQVLGHUDWDXQD
EHVWHPPLD
'LR DYHYD FUHDWR OD WHUUD SHU O¶XRPR H QRQ SRWHYDQR
HVLVWHUH DOWUH WHUUH QHO PRQGR R DO PDVVLPR VRODPHQWH
LVROHGLVDELWDWH
/H SHUVRQH FROWH FUHGHYDQR FKH OD WHUUD IRVVH URWRQGD OR
VWHVVR 'DQWH DYHYD FROORFDWR QHOOD VXD ³'LYLQD
&RPPHGLD´ OD PRQWDJQD GHO 3XUJDWRULR DJOL DQWLSRGL GL
*HUXVDOHPPH H DO ILQDOH GHO ;,,, VHFROR 5RJHU %DFRQH
DYHYD FDOFRODWR TXDVL HVDWWDPHQWH OD OXQJKH]]D GHO
PHULGLDQRWHUUHVWUH
2UD VH OD FRVWD RFFLGHQWDOH GHOOD WHUUD HXURSHD HUD TXHOOD
SRUWRJKHVHODFRVWDRSSRVWDGRYHYDHVVHUHTXHOODRULHQWDOH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GHOOD &LQD SHUz D FKH GLVWDQ]D VL WURYDYD" 5HDOPHQWH
QHVVXQRORVDSHYD
,O PRQGR DQWLFR HXURSHR FRQRVFHYD O¶HVLVWHQ]D GHOO¶(VWUHPR
2ULHQWH$OHVVDQGUR0DJQRDWWUDYHUVzLO*DQJHHSHQHWUzLQ
,QGLD FRO VXR HVHUFLWR L URPDQL DUULYDURQR LQ ,QGLD H LQ
&KLQD FRPPHUFLDQGR FRQ GLYHUVL SRSROL DVLDWLFL LPSRUWDQGR
SLHWUHSUH]LRVHVHWHVSH]LHHOHJQLSUHJLDWL/¶LQYDVLRQH
GHL EDUEDUL H OD FDGXWD GHOO¶,PSHUR 5RPDQR LQWHUUXSSHUR
TXHVWH UHOD]LRQL FRPPHUFLDOL SHUz LQWRUQR DO 3LVD H
*HQRYDHQWUDURQRLQFRQWDWWRFRJOLDUDELSRLFRLWXUFKL
/H QDYL YHQH]LDQH WUDVSRUWDURQR L FURFLDWL LQ 7HUUD 6DQWD H
WXWWH OH 5HSXEEOLFKH PDULQDUH LWDOLDQH FRPLQFLDURQR D
FRPPHUFLDUHVFDPELDQGRODQDOH
JQRDUPLIHUURHSHOOL
4XHVWL VFDPEL FRPPHUFLDOL HUDQR DEEDVWDQ]D ULVFKLRVL QRQ
VROR SHU OH FRQWLQXH JXHUUH WUD FULVWLDQL H PXVVXOPDQL PD
DQFKH SHU JOL VFRQWUL IUHTXHQWL FRL QXPHURVL SLUDWL DUDEL
WXUFKL FDVWLJOLDQL FDWDODQL IUDQFHVL H LWDOLDQL FKH
LQIHVWDYDQR LO 0HGLWHUUDQHR ,QROWUH JOL VWHVVL JHQRYHVL H
YHQH]LDQLFRPEDWWHYDQRWUDORURSHULOGRPLQLRFRPPHUFLDOH
,Q TXHVWH ORWWH GL WXWWL FRQWUR WXWWL VL VYLOXSSDURQR L
FRPPHUFL OH LQGXVWULH OH IORWWH H O¶DP PLQLVWUD]LRQH
ILQDQ]LDULD SULPD LQ ,WDOLD GRYH QDFTXHUR OH EDQFKH
O¶DVVLFXUD]LRQHOHFDPELDOLHODSDUWLWDGRSSLD
$ SRFR D SRFR LO GLQDPLVPR HXURSHR ULSUHVH YLJRUH
HVSORGHQGRQHOVHFROR;9VRWWRIRUPDGLXQDVWUDQDIXVLRQH
GL DIIDUL H HYDQJHOL]]D]LRQH (UD QHFHVVDULR JLXQJHUH DOOH
µIRQWL GHOO¶RUR¶ GHOOH VSH]LH DUULYDUH LQ &KLQD LQ *LDSSRQH
LQ ,QGLD VHJXHQGR OD URWWD YHUVR RYHVW (UD WURSSR IRUWH LO
PLUDJJLR GL WURYDU O¶RUR LQ JUDQGL TXDQWLWj H DO SUH]]R GL
VFDUVL ULVFKL H RVWDFROL 1RQ DYHYD IRUVH UDFFRQWDWR LO
IUDQFHVFDQR 3LDQ GHO &jUSLQH QHO VHFROR ;,,, FKH OD &LQD
HUD XQ SDHVH IDYRORVDPHQWH ULFFR GRYH DYHYD YLVWR XQD
FLWWj FRQ PXUDJOLRQL G¶DUJHQWR EDVWLRQL H WRUUL G¶RUR" 1RQ
DYHYDVFULWWR0DUFR3RORFRQUHOD]LRQHDO*LDSSRQH³6LGLFH
FKH SRVVLHGRQR RUR LQ JUDQGLVVLPD DEERQGDQ]D LO
SDOD]]R GHO UH GHOO¶LVROD q ULFRSHUWR G¶RUR ILQR FRPH QRL
ULFRSULDPR GL SLRPER L WHWWL GHOOH FKLHVH L SDYLPHQWL GL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QXPHURVHVWDQ]HVRQRG¶RURILQRGLGXHGLWDGLVSHVVRUH6L
WURYDQR DQFKH SHUOH LQ DEERQWDQ]D H PROWH DOWUH SLHWUH
SUH]LRVH´" 6HQ]D FRQWDUH LO ³/LEUR GHOOH 0HUDYLJOLH´ PROWR
SRSRODUH D TXHL WHPSL GHOO¶LQJOHVH VLU -RKQ 0DQGHYLOOH FKH
RJJL VDSSLDPR FKH HUD XQ FLDUODWDQR FKH QRQ XVFu PDL GDO
VXR SDHVH GRYH VL QDUUD FKH LO *UDQ .KDQ GHOOD &KLQD
SRVVHGHYD PRQWDJQH GL SLHWUH SUH]LRVH H FKH O¶RUR JOL
VHUYLYD SHU WDSSH]]DUH VWUDGH WHWWL H SDUHWL *OL DUDEL TXH
DYHYDQR UDJJLXQWR XQD FLYLOWj VXSHULRUH D TXHOOD HXURSHD
GLPRVWUDYDQR XQ LQWHUHVVH VHPSUH PDJJLRUH SHU TXHVWL
FRQWDWWL FRPPHUFLDOL FRQ O¶2FFLGHQWH H V¶DUULFFKLYDQR
IDFHQGRGDLQWHUPHGLDULWUDO¶(XURSDHLSRSROLGHOO¶(VWUHPR
2ULHQWH SHUz TXDQGR FRPLQFLz OD GRPLQD]LRQH WXUFD VXJOL
DUDEL OD IDFFHQGD FRPLQFLz D FRPSOLFDUVL SHU LO ORUR
IDQDWLVPR H EDUEDULH 'D RJQL SDUWH VL SDUODYD GL FURFLDWH
SHUzQHVVXQRVHODVHQWLYDGLSUHQGHUQHO¶LQL]LDWLYD
6L GLFHYD FKH LQ WHUUH ORQWDQH YLYHYD LO SUHWH *LDQQL
VDFHUGRWHUH GL XQ SRGHURVR UHJQR FULVWLDQR $OFXQL
SHQVDYDQR FKH VL WURYDVVH LQ (VWUHPR 2ULHQWH DOWUL QHO
6XGDQ R LQ $ELVVLQLD GLVFHQGHQWH GHO UH 6DORPRQH H GHOOD
UHJLQD GL 6DED )RUVH F¶HUD TXDOFRVD GL YHUR LQ TXHVWD
OHJJHQGD LQIDWWL DYUHEEH SRWXWR WUDWWDUVL XQD GL TXHOOH
FRPXQLWj FULVWLDQH FRPH OD FRSWD HVSXOVD GDOO¶(JLWWR GRSR
OD FRQTXLVWD DUDED ,Q RJQL PRGR HUD QHFHVVDULR WURYDUH
TXHVWR SUHWH *LDQQL DOOHDUVL FRQ OXL H SUHQGHUH DOOH VSDOOH
DUDELHWXUFKL
/D &KLHVD VRJQDYD QXRYH FURFLDWH 3LR ,, (QHD 6LOYLR
3LFFROzPLQLOHSUHGLFzLQYDQRFRVuSXUHLOEHOOLFRVR*LXOLR,,
&DUOR9,,,UHGL)UDQFLDQRQYHGHYDO¶RUDG¶HVVHULQFRURQDWR
UHGL*HUXVDOHPPHHLPSHUDWRUHGL&RVWDQWLQRSROL/RVWHVVR
&RORPER SHQVDYD G¶LQYHVWLUH OH ULFFKH]]H FKH DYUHEEH
WURYDWR QHOOH ,QGLH SHU ILQDQ]LDUH XQD FURFLDWD VRWWR LO
FRPDQGR GHL 5H GL 6SDJQD ,O IHUPHQWR HVSDQVLRQLVWD QRQ
SRWHYD HVVHU IUHQDWR SHU PROWR WHPSR SHUz VLFFRPH SHU LO
PRPHQWR QRQ HVLVWHYDQR SRVVLELOLWj Qp GL FURFLDWH Qp GL
FRQYHUVLRQL VL GRYHYD SHQVDUH DOPHQR GL FRQWLQXDUH DG
DQGDUH LQ FHUFD G¶RUR GL VSH]LH H GL VFKLDYL 3HUFLz O¶XQLFR
FDPPLQRDSHUWRHUDTXHOORGLFRVWHJJLDUHO¶$IULFDYHUVRVXG
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
VSHDQGR GL WURYDUH XQ SDVVR YHUVR O¶HVW YHUVR O¶,QGLD
EXUODQGRLWXUFKL
*HQRYHVL YHQH]LDQLH SRUWRJKHVL LQL]LDURQR OD JUDQGH
DYYHQWXUD6RSUDWWXWWRLSRUWRJKHVLGLUHWWDPHQWHLQWHUHVVDWL
DOOH YLFLQH WHUUH DIULFDQH H D SUHYHQLUH XQ¶DOWUD LQYDVLRQH
DUDEDVLRUJDQL]]DURQRSHUHVSORUDUOHOHQWDPHQWHSHUzFRQ
GHFLVLRQHHSHUVHYHUDQ]D
*UD]LH DOOD YLVLRQH GHO SULQFLSH (QULFR LO 1DYLJDQWH
DVWURQRPL FDUWRJUDIL VDJJL H DYYHQWXULHUL
SRUWRJKHVLVSDJQROLLWDOLDQLWHGHVFKLHEUHLHGDUDELIXURQR
GD OXL FRQYRFDWL RUGLQz OD FRVWUX]LRQH G¶XQ RVVHUYDWRULR GL
QDYL DGDWWH DOOD QDYLJD]LRQL GL FDERWDJJLR OXQJR OH FRVWH
DWODQWLFKH H OD IRUPD]LRQH G¶XQD ELEOLRWHFDHFFH]LRQDOPHQWH
QXPHURVD SHU TXHL WHPSL &RVLFFKp GL FROSR L SRUWRJKHVL VL
FROORFDURQR DOO¶DYDQJXDUGLD GHO SURJUHVVR H GHWWHUR LQL]LR
DOODORURJUDQDYYHQWXUD
OD FLWWj GL &HXWD QHO 0DURFFR IX RFFXSDWD QHO *LO
(DQQpV GRSSLz LO &DSR %RMDGRU QHO 1XQKR 7ULVWDR
DUULYzDO&DSR%LDQFRQHO'LQL'LD]QHOGRSSLz
LO &DSR 9HUGH SHQVDQGR GL SRWHU JLXQJHUH YLD WHUUD DOO¶RUR
GHO6XGDQHDOSUHWH*LDQQLG¶$ELVVLQLD
1HOVLIRQGzOD&RPSDJQLDGL/DJRVHV¶LQL]LzLOWUDIILFR
GHJOLVFKLDYLQHJUL3HGURGH6LQWUDDUULYyDOOD6HUUD/HRQD
QHOGLHFLDQQLSLWDUGLDQFRUDLSRUWRJKHVLJLXQVHURDO
GHOWDGHOILXPH1LJHUSHQVDQGRGLHVVHUHDUULYDWLQHOO¶XOWLPR
OHPER VXG DIULFDQR PD FRQWLQXDQGR OD QDYLJD]LRQH HEEHUR
OD VRUSUHVD GL FRVWDWDUH FKH OD WHUUD DIULFDQD FRQWLQXDYD
YHUVR VXG SHU DOWUL TXDWWURPLOD NLORPHWUL $WWUDYHUVDURQR
O¶(TXDWRUHH)HUQDQGR3RRVFRSUuO¶LVRODFKHSUHVHLOVXR
QRPH
)LQDOPHQWH QHO %DUWRORPHR 'LD] GRSSLz OD SXQWD
GHOO¶HVWUHPR VXG DIULFDQR FKH FKLDPz &DSR GHOOH 7HPSHVWH
R7RUPHQWHPDFKHLO5HGHO3RUWRJDOORIHFHFDPELDUHSHU
TXHOORGL&DSRGL%XRQD6SHUDQ]DGDWRFKHV¶HUDILQDOPHQWH
WURYDWR LO FDPPLQR YHUVR O¶,QGLD ( OD VSHUDQ]D GLYHQQH
FHUWH]]DQHOTXDQGR9DVFRGH*DPDDUULYyLQ,QGLD
1HOPHQWUHOD6SDJQDORWWDYDSHUFRQTXLVWDUHO¶XOWLPRUHJQR
PRUR QHOOD SHQLVROD O¶,QJKLOWHUUD H OD )UDQFLD HUDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DQFRUD LPPHUVH QHO ORUR OLPLWDWR VLVWHPD PHGLRHYDOH H OD
5XVVLDFHUFDYDDSSHQDGLXVFLUIXRULGDOODEDUEDULH
%
1HO OO 7RPPDVR &DPSDQHOOD QHOOD VXD ³$SRORJLD GL
*DOLOHR *DOLOHL´ VFULVVH ³/XFLR &HFLOLR )LUPLDQR
/DWWDQ]LR H 6DQW¶$JRVWLQR VHEEHQH VDJJL H
TXHVW¶XOWLPR 6DQWR QHJDURQR O¶HVLVWHQ]D GL HVVHUL QHJOL
DQWLSRGL PRVVL GDO ORUR IHUYRUH UHOLJLRVR H D FDXVD
GHOO¶LQIDOOLELOLWj GHOOH 6DFUH 6FULWWXUH FRPH VL GHGXFH
GDJOL DUJRPHQWL FKH GD HVVH GHULYDQR RYYHUR VLD
SHUFKp WDOL HVVHUL XPDQL QRQ DYUHEEHUR SRWXWR
GLVFHQGHUH GD $GDPR H TXLQGL FRQWUDULR DOOH 6FULWWXUH
VLD SHUFKp VDUHEEH VWDWR LPSRVVLELOH FKH TXDOFKH QRVWUR
DQWHQDWR IRVVH HPLJUDWR ILQ Oj DWWUDYHUVDQGR O¶2FHDQR
LQVXSHUDELOH 3HUz RJJL FKH DEELDPR FRQRVFHQ]H
PDWHPDWLFKH H FRVPRJUDILFKH DGHJXDWH VDSSLDPR FKH
WXWWLTXHVWLDUJRPHQWLVRQRIDOODFLTXLQGLDQFKHOH6DFUH
6FULWWXUH IXURQR PDODPHQWH LQWHUSUHWDWH &RVu SXUH
ULFRQRVFLDPR HUURQHD O¶DIIHUPD]LRQH GL 6DQWR 7RPPDVR
TXDQGR
GLFHFKHQHOOD]RQDHTXDWRULDOHODWHUUDqGLVDELWDWDHFLz
SHUPDQFDQ]DGLFRQRVFHQ]HGHOODILVLFDHJHRJUDILDHG
DQFKH SHU IHGHOWj DG $ULVWRWHOH QHO TXDOH VL DYHYD SL
ILGXFLD GHOOH UDJLRQL DGGRWWH GD $OEHUWR 0DJQR HG
$YLFHQQD FRVu SHU OD VWHVVD LQWHUSUHWD]LRQH GHOOH 6DFUH
6FULWWXUH 6DQ (IUHQ $QDVWDVLR 6LQDLWD H 0RVq YHVFRYR
GHOOD 6LULD FRQVLGHUDQR FKH WXWWR O¶DOWUR HPLVIHUR VLD
RFFXSDWRGDO3DUDGLVRWHUUHVWUHGDWRFKH±VHFRQGRORUR±
VROR XQD HVWHQVLRQH DPSLVVLPD DYUHEEH SRWXWR RVSLWDUH
TXHLTXDWWURILXPLGHO3DUDGLVRDOEHULFRVuJUDQGLHWDQWH
VSHFLHGLDQLPDOL´
/DVHWDYHQLYDGDOOD&LQDHGDOOD3HUVLDHGLTXDOLWjPROWR
VXSHULRUH D TXHOOD SURGRWWD LQ ,WDOLD LO FRWRQH YHQLYD
GDOO¶,QGLDLOUDEDUEDURXVDWRLQPHGLFLQDGDOOD&LQDJOL
VPHUDOGLGDOO¶,QGLDLUXELQLGDOOD%LUPDQLDJOL]DIILULHOH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
VSH]LH XVDWH SHU OH GURJKH SURIXPL HG XQJXHQWL GDO
&H\ORQ PHQWUH L FRVPHWLFL YDQLYDQR GD YDULH SDUWL
)UDQFHVFR %DOGXFFL 3HJDORWWL QHO VXR PDQXDOH SHU
PHUFDQWL SXEEOLFDWR QHO VHFROR ;,9 HQXPHUD
GLIIHUHQWLWLSLGLVSH]LHWUDOHTXDOLLOSHSHURVVRQHURH
ELDQFR FKH YHQLYDQR GDOO¶$IULFD GDOOD 6XPDWUD H
GDOO¶,QGLD OD FDQQHOOD GDO &H\ORQ OD QRFH PRVFDWD H L
FKLRGLGLJDURIDQRGDOOHLVROH0ROXFFKH
,Q GLYHUVH HSRFKH VWRULFKH YDUL SRSROL VFHVHUR GDOOD
]RQD FRPSUHVD WUD LO 0DU G¶$UDO H LO GHVHUWR GHO *REL
YHUVR LQ 0HGLWHUUDQHR H RFFXSDURQR R FRQTXLVWDURQR L
WHUULWRUL GHO 0HGLR 2ULHQWH FRPH SHU HVHPLR L VXPHUL
DQQLD&HJOLKLWWLWLD&1HO,9VHFRORG&
YDUL SRSROL VL XQLURQR DOOH RUGH GL $WWLOD QHO VHFROR ;,
G& XQD JUDQ PDVVD GL WXUFKL JLXQVH LQ $UPHQLD H
&DSSDGRFLDQHOVHFROR;,,VLXQuDOOHRUGHGL*HQLV.KDQ
)LQDOPHQWH L WXUFKL DO FRPDQGRGL (UWRJUXO VHSDUDQGRVL
GDJOL XQQL H GDL PRQJROL GHYDVWDURQ OD 3HUVLD H
O¶$UPHQLDHVLVWDELOLURQRQHOO¶$QDWROLDSDUWHGHOO¶DWWXDOH
7XUFKLD &UXGHOL H EDUEDUL PD HFFHOOHQWL JXHUULHUL
VFRQILVVHURLEL]DQWLQLHVRWWRPLVHURJOLDUDELSUHQGHQGR
GD TXHVWL OD UHOLJLRQH LVODPLFD 3RVWHULRUPHQWH
GLODJDURQR LQ *UHFLD 6HUELD $OEDQLD %RVQLD %XOJDULD
5RPDQLD H 8QJKHULD VFRQILJJHQGR L FDYDOLHUL
IUDQFRWHGHVFKL FKH HUDQR DFFRUVL LQ GLIHVD GHL FULVWLDQL
7XWWL L SULJLRQLHUL IXURQR WUXFLGDWL PHQWUH YDULH PLJOLDLD
GL VRSUDYYLVVXWL FHUFDURQR VFDPSR IXJJHQGR VXOOH QDYL
YHQH]LDQH H GHOO¶LVROD GL 5RGL 1HO FHQWLQDLD GL
PLJOLDLD GL PRQJROL VRWWR OD JXLGD GL 7DPHUODQR
LQYDVHUR OD UHJLRQH FRQTXLVWDURQR H GLVWUXVVHUR FLWWj
VWHUPLQDURQROHSRSROD]LRQLVHQ]DGLVWLQ]LRQHGLVHVVRR
G¶HWj H FRVWUXHQGR SLUDPLGL JLJDQWHVFKH FRQ OH ORUR
WHVWH*LXQVHURLQ6LULDLQ,UDTSHQHWUDURQRQHOO¶DWWXDOH
7XUFKLD 8QD JLJDQWHVFD EDWWDJOLD FKH YLGH LPSHJQDWR
XQ PLOLRQH G¶XRPLQL FLUFD PRQJROL FRQWUR WXUFKL
RWWRPDQLIXLQJDJJLDWDYLFLQR$QJRUDQHO,WXUFKL
IXURQRVFRQILWWLLQFOXGHQGRLOORURFRUSRVFHOWRGL
JLDQQL]]HUL ³$UULYD ±FRPH GLFHYD VSHVVR 7DPHUODQR±OD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GHVROD]LRQH OD VWHULOLWj H OD SHVWH´ %D\D]LG ,
VRSUDQQRPLQDWR µ,O )XOPLQH¶ IXJJu GRSR XQD HURLFD ORW
WD PD IX XJXDOPHQWH FDWWXUDWR H PRUu LQ SULJLRQH
7DPHUODQR GRSR TXHVWD VFKLDFFLDQWH YLWWRULD IHFH
ULWRUQR LQ 0RQJROLD /¶LPSHUR WXUFR VL ULRUJDQL]]z
FRQTXLVWz &RVWDQWLQRSROL H OD FRQYHUWu QHOOD VXD FDSLWDOH
FRQLOQRPHGL,VWDQEXO/¶LPSHURVLHVWHVHLQ$IULFDHLQ
(XURSD JLXQJHQGR ILQR DOOH SRUWH GL 9LHQQD GRYH IX
GHILQLWLYDPHQWH IHUPDWR *LXQVH DO VXR DSRJHR WUD LO
HLOSRLVRSUDYYHQQHXQDOHQWDGHFDGHQ]DH
VLGLVLQWHJUzQHOGRSROD3ULPD*XHUUD0RQGLDOH
9HQH]LD FHUFz LQXWLOPHQWH GL FRQYLQFHUH LO 6XOWDQR
G¶(JLWWRVXOODQHFHVVLWjGLDSULUHXQFDQDOHD6XH]
6L HUD FRPSOHWDPHQWH SHUGXWR LO ULFRUGR GL FHUWL IHQLFL
FKH QHO D& SHU FRQWR GHOO¶(JLWWR DYHYDQR
FLUFRQQDYLJDWR O¶$IULFD SDUWHQGR GDO 0DU 5RVVR H
ULHQWUDQGR QHO 0HGLWWHUUDQHR DWWUDYHUVR OR VWUHWWR GL
*LELOWHUUD&RVLFFKpFLUFRODYDQRDQFRUDOHOHJJHQGHVXJOL
DQWLSRGL DOFXQH GHOOH TXDOL HUHGLWDWH GDJOL DUDEL FRPH
TXHOODFKHDIIHUPDYDFKHLOPDUHDUGHYDQHOO¶(TXDWRUHH
FKH L PDULQDL FKH QRQ PRULYDQR EUXFLDWL VL FRQYHUWLYDQR
LQQHJUL
&$3,72/2,9
,/ 5,75$772 ', &2/20%2*/, $11, 75$6&256, ,1
32572*$//20$75,021,2 ( 1$6&,7$ ', 682
),*/,2',(*2,682,&$/&2/,68//$',67$1=$'$/
32572*$//2 $//( ,1',( $775$9(562 /¶2&($12
7(1(%5262&2//248,2 &21 *,29$11, ,, 5( '(/
32572*$//2
,Q $PHULFD H LQ (XURSD HVLVWRQR GLHFLQH GL VWDWXH H
PRQXPHQWL GHGLFDWL D &RORPER ,Q RFFDVLRQH GHO ,9
FHQWHQDULR GHOOD VFRSHUWD GHOO¶$PHULFD IXURQR ULXQLWL SL GL
GLSLQWLHGLVHJQLFKHORUDSSUHVHQWDYDQRPDQRQFHQ¶HUD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QHPPHQR XQR HJXDOH R VLPLOH DOO¶DOWUR H LQ UHDOWj QRQ
VDSSLDPRFRPH&RORPERHUDUHDOPHQWH
, WUH ULWUDWWL SL IDPRVL IXURQR GLSLQWL GRSR OD VXD PRUWH
ULVSHWWLYDPHQWH GDO *KLUODQGDLR GD 6HEDVWLDQR GHO 3LRPER
GLVFHSROR GHO *LRUJLRQH GDWDWR GHO FKH FRQWLHQH OD
VHJXHQWH IUDVH LQ ODWLQR ³4XHVWD q O¶DPPLUHYROH LPPDJLQH
GHO OLJXUH &RORPER LO SULPR FKH LQ QDYH SHQHWUz QHO UHJQR
GHJOLDQWtSRGLHGD/RUHQ]R/RWWRYHQH]LDQRGLVFHSRORGHO
*LDPEHOOLQRGDWDWRGHO,OSULPRVLWURYDD)LUHQ]HJOL
DOWUL GXH D 1HZ <RUN 2JQXQR UDSSUHVHQWD O¶LPPDJLQH GL
XRPLQLFRPSOHWDPHQWHGLYHUVLWUDORUR
,OILJOLRGL&RORPER)HUQDQGRHIUD¶%DUWRORPpGHODV&DVDV
FHORGHVFULVVHURFRPHXQXRPRGLVWDWXUDSLDOWDGHOOD
PHGLD GDL FDSHOOL ELRQGLURVVLFFL FKH GLYHQWDURQR ELDQFKL
TXDQGR DYHYD DQQL GL FDUQDJLRQH ELDQFD XQ SR¶
OHQWLJJLQRVD QDVR DTXLOLQR YLVR OXQJR RFFKL D]]XUUL R
FKLDUL G¶DWWHJJLDPHQWR QRELOH GL SDUROD FRQYLQFHQWH
DPDQWH GHOOD JLXVWL]LD H GHOO¶RUGLQH PRGHUDWR QHO EHUH
PDQJLDUHHYHVWLUHHPROWRRVVHUYDQWHLQUHOLJLRQH
&RORPER LQ 3RUWRJDOOR FRPSOHWz OD VXD HGXFD]LRQH
G¶DXWRGLGDWWD H IX Ou GRYH PDWXUz R IRUVH QDFTXH LQ OXL
O¶LGHD G¶DWWUDYHUVDUH O¶2FHDQR LQ FHUFD GHOOH ,QGLH ,GHD FKH
GLYHQQH RVVHVVLRQH FRPH XQD PLVVLRQH VDFUD XQGHVLGHULR
DSSDVVLRQDWR
'LVJUD]LDWDPHQWHDQFKHGLTXHVWRSHULRGRGHOODVXDYLWDQRQ
FL VRQR JLXQWL PROWL GDWL H OH PROWHSOLFL ODFXQH QRQ FL
SHUPHWWRQRGLULFRVWUXLUODLQPRGRPROWRFRHUHQWH
4XDOFXQR DIIHUPD FKH DO ULWRUQR GHO VXR XOWLPR YLDJJLR D
*HQRYD GHO &RORPER SRUWz FRQ Vp LQ 3RUWRJDOOR VXR
IUDWHOOR%DUWRORPHRFKHHUDGLHFLDQQLSLJLRYDQHGLOXL
LO TXDOH DSUu XQ QHJR]LR GL OLEUL H FDUWH JHRJUDILFKH D
/LVERQDFKHHJOLVWHVVRFRPSLODYDHYHQGHYD
,Q TXHO YLDJJLR DYHYD SRUWDWR D *HQRYD XQ FDULFR GL
]XFFKHUR GL 0DGHLUD PD GRYHWWH ODVFLDUH XQD GLFKLDUD]LRQH
DOODEDQFDGHL&HQWXULRQHLOG¶DJRVWRFRPHORWHVWLPRQLD
LO GRFXPHQWR G¶$VVHUHWR LQ FXL GLFHYD FKH QRQ DYHYD
SRWXWR FRPSUDUH H FRQVHJQDUH WXWWR OR ]XFFKHUR ULFKLHVWR
GDWR FKH QRQ DYHYD ULFHYXWR OD TXDQWLWj GL GHQDUR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QHFHVVDULDDWDOHVFRSR,QTXHVWRGRFXPHQWRDSSDUHLOVXR
QRPH GLFKLDUDQGR GL HVVHUH µFLYLV -DQXH¶ µFLWWDGLQR GL
*HQRYD¶ H GL DYHUH DQQL &RQWLQXz DG HVVHUH FLWWDGLQR
JHQRYHVH ILQR DOOD VXD PRUWH LQIDWWL QRQ YROOH PDL
QD]LRQDOL]]DUVLQpLQ3RUWRJDOORQpLQ6SDJQD
$ /LVERQD HQWUDPEL L IUDWHOOL HEEHUR RFFDVLRQH GL FRQRVFHUH
VWXGLRVL HG HVSHUWL WUD L TXDOL 9L]LQKR GLVFHSROR
GHOO¶DVWURQRPR HEUHR $EUDPR =DFXWR LQROWUH VL PLVHUR LQ
FRQWDWWR FRQ OD QXPHURVD FRPXQLWj JHQRYHVH GHOOD FLWWj
VRSUDWWXWWR FRL &HQWXULRQH H L GL 1HJUR ,QIDWWL &RORPER
GRSR XQ DQQR H PH]]R GDO VXR SULPR DUULYR ULWRUQz D
YLDJJLDUH SHU FRQWR GL FRGHVWL DUPDWRUL JHQRYHVL SRUWDQWR
PHUFL QHOOH )LDQGUH ,QJKLOWHUUDH,UODQGD/DVFLzVFULWWRFKH
HUDDUULYDWRILQRDOO¶,VODQGDHDQFKHSLLOOj3RLFRQWLQXz
D YLDJJLDUH YHUVR LO VXG UDJJLXQJHQGR OH &DQDULH O¶LVROD GL
0DGHLUDHOHFRVWHDIULFDQH
,Q 3RUWRJDOOR JLj VL IDFHYD FKLDPDUH R OR FKLDPDYDQR
&KULVWREDR&RORPHFRPLQFLzDFRQRVFHUHJHQWHLPSRUWDQWH
WUD OH TXDOL GRxD )HOLSD 0RQL] 3HUHVWUHOOR FKH VSRVz QHO
H FKH DYHYD FRQRVFLXWR GXUDQWH XQD PHVVD QHOOD
FKLHVD GL 7XWWL L 6DQWL GHO FRQYHQWR GHOO¶RUGLQH GL VDQ
*LDFRPR 6H QRQ q XQD µIDYROD¶ GL )HUQDQGR &RORPER
VHPEUD FKH L ELVQRQQL GL )HOLSD VL FKLDPDYDQR )LOLSSRQH
3DODVWUHOOL SLDFHQWLQR SRL SRUWRJKHVL]]DWR LQ 3HUHVWUHOOR H
&DWHULQD9LFHQWH,OQRQQR%DUWRORPHXDYHYDSDUWHFLSDWRQHO
ULVFRSULPHQWR GHOO¶LVROD GL 0DGHLUD SHU FXL LO 5H GHO
3RUWRJDOOR O¶DYHYD QRELOLWDWR H QRPLQDWR JRYHUQDWRUH GHOOD
SLFFRODLVRODGL3RUWR6DQWRLPSURGXWWLYDHFRQVFDUVDDFTXD
SRWDELOH,QVHFRQGHQR]]HRIRUVHVHQ]DVSRVDUVLV¶XQuFRQ
,VDEHO GD &XQKD 0RQL] GD FXL QDFTXH )HOLSD 6HPEUD FKH
XQRGHLFRJQDWLGL)HOLSDIRVVHJRYHUQDWRUHGL3RUWR6DQWRH
JOL VSRVLQL YL FL WUDVFRUVHUR XQ SDLR G¶DQQL FRQ IUHTXHQWL
YLDJJL D )XQFKDO FDSLWDOHGHOO¶LVRODGL0DGHLUDLQFXLHVLVWH
DQFRUDXQDFDVDGRYHVLVXSSRQHDELWDURQR
$ 3RUWR 6DQWR QDFTXH 'LHJR LO ORUR ILJOLR SULPRJHQLWR H
VHPEUD FKH IX LQ TXHL JLRUQL TXDQGR OD PDGUH GL )HOLSD
,VDEHOGD&XQKD0RQL]PLVHDGLVSRVL]LRQHGL&RORPEROLEUL
FDUWHJHRJUDILFKHHDSSXQWLGHOVXRGHIXQWRPDULWR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RORPER SDVVDYD L JLRUQL VWXGLDQGR OHJJHQGR RVVHUYDQGR
O¶2FHDQRLOYRORGHJOLXFFHOOLOHFRUUHQWLPDULQHOHGLUH]LRQL
GHLYHQWL3DUODYDFRLPDULQDLHFRQOHSHUVRQHFROWHFKH
IUHTXDQWDYDQR O¶LVROD , OLEUL FKH SUHIHULYD H DQQRWDYD DL
PDUJLQL HUDQR ³+LVWRULD 5HUXP 8ELFXQTXH *HVWDUXP´ GL
(QHD6LOYLR3LFFRORPLQLSRLSDSD3LR,,³,PDJR0XQGL´GHO
UHWWRUH GHOOD 6RUERQD FDUGLQDOH 3LHUUH G¶$LOO\ FKH QRQ HUD
FKH XQFRPSHQGLRHOHPHQWDUHGHJOLDQWLFKLWHVWLGL3ODWRQH
$ULVWRWHOH &LFHURQH 6HQHFD 3WRORPHR 9LUJLOLR HG DOWUL ³,O
0LOLRQH´ GL 0DUFR 3ROR OD ³6WRULD 1DWXUDOH´ GL 3OLQLR
³O¶$OPDQDFFR3HUSHWXR´GL=DFXWRRSHUHGL6DQW¶$JRVWLQROD
%LEELD H LO OLEUR DSRFULIR GHO VDFHUGRWH H VFULED HEUHR (VGUD
FRQVLGHUDWRGDTXDOFXQRDQFKHSURIHWD
&RORPERFRQWLQXzDQDYLJDUHFRVWHJJLDQGRO¶$IULFDDUULYzD
6DQ *LRUJLR GH 0LQD R (OPLQD LQ *KDQD DOORUD FKLDPDWD
*XLQHD GRYH L SRUWRJKHVL IDFHYD DIIDUL FRPSUDQGR VFKLDYL
QHJULRURDYRULRHSHSH
*HQHUDOPHQWH L PDULQDL FUHGHYDQR FKH HVLVWHVVHUR LVROH SL
LO Oj GHOOH &DQDULH H GHOOH $]RUUH PROWL VRJQDYDQR GL SRWHU
DUULYDUHLQ$QWLOLDR$QWLOODR$WODQWLGHDOOHVHWWHFLWWjG¶RUR
PDVVLFFLR IRQGDWH GDL VHWWH YHVFRYL SRUWRJKHVL FKH HUDQR
IXJJLWL FRQ L ORUR IHGHOL D FDXVD GHOOH LQYDVLRQL DUDEH Ou
YLYHYDODPLWLFD&uERODVLUHQDFKHVLXGLYDFDQWDUHSHUzFKH
QHVVXQR SRWHYD YHGHUH HG DQFKH DOO¶LVROD PRELOH
GHOO¶LUODQGHVHVDQ%DODGUDQR
7XWWH OHJJHQGH FKH VILGDYDQR L VHFROL H UHVWDYDQR LPSUHVVH
QHLUDFFRQWLSRSRODUL
&RORPER JLj VL VHQWLYD µTXDOFXQR¶ DYHYD VSRVDWR XQD
QRELOGRQQD SRUWRJKHVH QRQ HUD SL XQ µSRYHUR GLDYROR¶
VFRQRVFLXWR SOHEHR H SHU JLXQWD VWUDQLHUR , ULFRUGL GHO
SDVVDWR LPSDOOLGLYDQR H VYDQLYDQR D SRFR D SRFR QHOOH
QHEELHGHOWHPSR$GHVVRSRWHYDSUHVHQWDUVLDOFRVSHWWRGHO
UH*LRYDQQL,,HGHVSRUJOLOHLGHHFKHO¶HVSHULHQ]DHLOLEULJOL
DYHYDQRILFFDWRLQWHVWD
4XDOLHUDQRLFDOFROLVXFXLEDVDYDLOVXRSURJHWWRGDHVSRUUH
DO5H",QUHDOWjO¶XQLFDFRVDVLFXUDFKHSRVVHGHYDHUDODVXD
IHGH SHUz HUD QHFHVVDULR PROWR GL SL SHU FRQYLQFHUH L
SRUWRJKHVL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
1HO D& LO JUHFR (UDWzVWHQH DYDYD FDOFRODWR
HVDWWDPHQWH OD FLUFRQIHUHQ]D WHUUHVWUH LQ NLORPHWUL
6X XVDYD JLj GL GLYLGHUH LO PRQGR LQ JUDGL RJQL JUDGR
FRUULVSRQGH RJJL D PLJOLD QDXWLFKH FKH q XJXDOH D
NLORPHWULVDSSLDPRFRVuFKHODGLVWDQ]DWUDLO3RUWRJDOORHOD
&LQD q GL NLORPHWUL PD D TXHOO¶HSRFD QRQ WXWWL
FDOFRODYDQRGHOODVWHVVDPDQLHUDODOXQJKH]]DGLXQJUDGR
$ULVWRWHOH HUD G¶DFFRUGR FRQ (UDWzVWHQH SHUz &ODXGLR
3WRORPHR VWLPz FKH LO PRQGR GRYHYD HVVHUH SL SLFFROR
DYHQGR XQD FLUFRQIHUHQ]D GL NLORPHWUL TXLQGL PHQR
DPSLDODODUJKH]]DGHOO¶2FHDQR6HFRQGROXLXQJUDGRHUDGL
PLJOLDQDXWLFKHJUDGLGLWHUUDHGLPDUHXJXDOH
DNLORPHWULFLDVFXQR
/RJLFDPHQWH D &RORPER SLDFTXHUR GL SL L FDOFROL GL
3WRORPHR HUD SL IDFLOH FRQYLQFHUH WXWWL FKH LQ SRFKL JLRUQL
GLQDYLJD]LRQHVLSRWHYDEHQLVVLPRDWWUDYHUVDUHO¶2FHDQR
,QROWUH VL VEDJOLz DQFKH QHO FDOFRODUH OD GLVWDQ]D GHOOD
FLUFRQIHUHQ]D WHUUHVWUH FKH q GL PLJOLD QDXWLFKH
SUHQGHQGROHPLJOLDDUDEHGLPHWULRJQXQDFRPHVH
IRVVHUR VWDWH PLJOLD LWDOLDQH FKH VRQR GL PHWUL
FLDVFXQD &RVLFFKp SHU OXL LO PRQGR HUD GL NLORPHWUL
NLORPHWULDQFRUDSLSLFFRORGLTXHOORGL3WRORPHR
,Q FRQFOXVLRQH SHU &RORPER OD GLVWDQ]D WUD O¶(XURSD H LO
*LDSSRQHHUDGLPLJOLDQDXWLFKHTXDQGRLQUHDOWjqGL
FRVu OD GLVWDQ]D FKH OXL VXSSRQHYD WUD O¶(XURSD H
O¶$VLD DWWUDYHUVR O¶2FHDQR HUD DSSHQD TXHOOD FKH LQ UHDOWj
F¶qWUDO¶(XURSDHOD)ORULGD
( SHU GDU PDJJLRU SHVR DOOH VXH VXSSRVL]LRQL LQYRFDYD
O¶DXWRULWj GHJOL VFULWWL GL $ULVWRWHOH 6HQHFD G¶$LOO\ 0DUFR
3ROR H LQ SDUWLFRODUH OH SURIH]LH GL (]HFKLHOH =DFFDULD
,VDLD HG (VGUD QRQ GLPHQWLFDQGR IUDVL GHL 6DOPL H GHOOD
%LEELD 3ULQFLSDOPHQWH (VGUD FKH DYHYD DIIHUPDWR FKH LO
PRQGRGRYHYDHVVHUHSLSLFFRORGDGRFKHVLFRPSRQHYDGL
VHLSDUWLGLWHUUDHGXQDVRODGLDFTXH
&RORPERVLVHQWLYDLOOXPLQDWRGDOOHULYHOD]LRQLELEOLFKH'LR
OR DYHYD VFHOWR SHU DWWUDYHUVDUH O¶2FHDQR H GLIIRQGHUH LO
FULVWLDQHVLPRWUDLSDJDQL1RQVLFKLDPDYDIRUVH&ULVWRIRUR"
&LRq &ULVWRIHUHQV FROXL FKH SRUWD &ULVWR 4XHVWD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FRQYLQ]LRQHO¶RVVHVVLRQDYDFRQODIRU]DHODWHQDFLDFKHVROR
OD IHGH GL XQ PLVWLFR SXz DYHUH ,QROWUH HUD XQ RWWLPR
DUJRPHQWR QHOOD 6SDJQD G¶DOORUD LQ XQ DPELHQWH FRVu
SURIRQGDPHQWHUHOLJLRVRFKHJLXQJHYDDOIDQDWLVPR
&RVLFFKp VL VFRSUu O¶$PHULFD JUD]LH D WXWWL L VXRL HUURUL FKH
LQ EXRQD SDUWH HUDQR HUURUL GHOOD VXD HSRFD H DOOH VXH
YLVLRQLSURIHVWLFKH
$TXHVWRSXQWRqQHFHVVDULRSDUODUGHOµFDVR7RVFDQHOOL¶
3DROR GDO 3R]]R 7RVFDQHOOL PHGLFR
PDWHPDWLFR XPDQLVWD XQ SR¶ GLOHWWDQWH G¶DVWURQRPLD H
DVWURORJLD FRPH HUD DELWXGLQH LQ TXHOO¶HSRFD IDFHYD JOL
RURVFRSL SHU L SRWHQWDWL LQ SDUWLFRODUH SHU /RUHQ]R GH¶
0HGLFL DYHYD FRQRVFLXWR LO VDFHUGRWHSRUWRJKHVH)UDQFLVFR
0DUWLQVFKHSRVWHULRUPHQWHIXFDUGLQDOH,OUH$OIRQVR9GHO
3RUWRJDOORJOLGHWWHO¶LQFDULFRGLVFULYHUHD7RVFDQHOOLDIILQFKp
JOL GLFHVVH TXDO¶HUD VHFRQGR OXL LO FDPPLQR SL FRUWR SHU
JLXQJHUHDOOH,QGLH
7RVFDQHOOL ULVSRVH QHO FKH GRYHYD HVVHUH TXHOOR
DWWUDYHUVR O¶2FHDQR PD LO 5H DYHQGR SL ILGXFLD QHOOH VXH
VSHGL]LRQLGLFLUFRQYDOOD]LRQHDIULFDQDQRQVHJXuLOFRQVLJOLR
GL 7RVFDQHOOL OD OHWWHUD IX DUFKLYLDWD H VL SHUGHWWH (VVHQGR
0DUWLQVDPLFRGHL0RQL]QRQqGDHVFOXGHUHFKHVLDFDSLWDWD
QHOOH PDQL GL &RORPER LO TXDOH FRPLQFLz DG DYHUH XQD
FRUULVSRQGHQ]D FRQ 7RVFDQHOOL &RSLH GL TXHVWD
FRUULVSRQGHQ]D IXURQR SXEEOLFDWH DOOD PHWj GHO VHFROR ;9,
PDQRQVRQSRFKLTXHOOLFKHOHFRQVLGHUDQRDSRFULIH
,QTXHOOHOHWWHUH7RVFDQHOOLVRWWROLQHDYDLVHJXHQWLSXQWL
N ,O FDPPLQR SHU JLXQJHUH DOOH ,QGLH DWWUDYHUVDQGR
O¶2FHDQR HUD LO SL FRUWR VHFRQGR O¶RSLQLRQH GHJOL
VWXGLRVL H GHL PHUFDQWL ( DFFOXGHYD XQD FDUWD
JHRJUDILFDFRPHGLPRVWUD]LRQHJUDILFD
N /D &LQD H LO *LDSSRQH SRVVHGHYDQR HQRUPL ULFFKH]]H H
ULSHWHYDIUDVLGHOOLEURGL0DUFR3ROR
N ,O *UDQ .KDQ GHVLGHUDYD FRPPHUFLDUH FRQ L FULVWLDQL
PROWLGHLTXDOLYLYHYDQRJLjGDWHPSRQHOVXR,PSHUR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RORPERFRSLzODOHWWHUDLQXQDSDJLQDLQELDQFRGHOOLEURGL
(QHD 6LOYLR 3LFFRORPLQL FKH q RJJL O¶XQLFR GRFXPHQWR FKH
HVLVWHVXTXHVWDGLVFXVVDIDFFHQGD
&RPXQTXHVXRILJOLR)HUQDQGRHIUD¶%DUWRORPpGHODV&DVDV
OHVVHURTXHOOHOHWWHUH
LQ WUDGX]LRQL GDO ODWLQR LQ VSDJQROR H ULSHWHURQR QHL ORUR
OLEULWXWWRFLzFKHV¶qGHWWRSLVRSUD
3HUz OH LSRWHVL GHL YDUL VWRULRJUDIL VRQR GLYHUVH H D YROWH
RSSRVWH
N 0DUWLQVIHFHYHGHUHODOHWWHUDD&RORPERTXHVWLODFRSLz
FDPELDQGRLOQRPHGHOGHVWLQDWDULRFRQLOVXR
N &RORPERVRWWUDVVHODOHWWHUDGDJOLDUFKLYLUHDOLSRUWRJKHVL
HODPRGLILFzDOWUDVFULYHUOD
N &L IX UHDOPHQWH XQD FRUULVSRQGHQ]D WUD 7RVFDQHOOL H
&RORPERHOHOHWWHUHVRQRDXWHQWLFKH
N /HOHWWHUHVRQRDSRFULIH
N /HOHWWHUHVRQRDXWHQWLFKHPDFLVRQRLQWHUSROD]LRQL
2UD VXSSRQHQGR FKH O¶XOWLPD LSRWHVL VLD OD SL SUREDELOH
SXz HVVHU VXFFHVR FKH &RORPER WUDVFULYHVVH OHWWHUDOPHQWH
OD OHWWHUD PD DJJLXQJHQGR DOFXQH IUDVL VRSUDWWXWWR FRQ
UHOD]LRQH DOOH GHVFUL]LRQL WUDWWH GDO OLEUR GL 0DUFR 3ROR D
PRGR GL DSSXQWL SHU FRQYLQFHUH SL IDFLOPHQWH L 5H GL
6SDJQD RSSXUH FKH WUDVFULYHVVH OD OHWWHUD D PHPRULD
DJJLXQJHQGRIUDVLVXHFRPHSURPHPRULDFRQLOILQHGLQRQ
GLPHQWLFDU QXOOD GL WXWWR FLz FKH SRWHYD HVVHUJOL XWLOH SHU
UDIIRU]DUH OH VXH LGHH 3L WDUGL GLPHQWLFz WXWWR R VFDUWz
WXWWD OD TXHVWLRQH GDWR FKH VH HUD VWDWR XQ DUJRPHQWR D
VXR IDYRUH RUD GRSR DYHU VFRSHUWR QXRYH WHUUH GLYHQWDYD
XQ DUJRPHQWR D OXL VIDYRUHYROH VRSUDWWXWWR GXUDQWH L
SURFHVVL FRQWUR OD &RURQD VSDJQROD LQIDWWL LO PHULWR GHOOD
VFRSHUWD DYUHEEH SRWXWR HVVHUH DJJLXGLFDWR D 7RVFDQHOOL
DJOLVWXGLRVLDLPHUFDQWLFKHJLjµVDSHYDQR¶FKHLOFDPPLQR
DOOH ,QGLH HUD IDFLOH H SL FRUWR DWWUDYHUVDQGR O¶2FHDQR H
QRQDOXL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
1HOPRUuLOUH$OIRQVR9O¶$IULFDQRHGHUDVDOLWRDOWURQR
LOVXRILJOLRSULPRJHQLWR*LRYDQQL,,DVWXWRLQWHOOLJHQWHHGL
VFDUVL VFUXSROL LO TXDOH DYHYD GDWR O¶RUGLQH FKH TXDOVLDVL
QDYHQRQSRUWRJKHVHFKHVLIRVVHDYYLFLQDWDDOOHFRVWHGHOOD
*XLQHD GRYHYD HVVHU FDWWXUDWD H WXWWR O¶HTXLSDJJLR GDO
FDSLWDQRDOPR]]RGRYHYDHVVHUHJHWWDWDLQPDUHHGLYRUDWD
GDJOL VTXDOL 8QD PDQLHUD FRPH XQ¶DOWUD D TXHL WHPSL
G¶HYLWDUHODFRQFRUUHQ]D
1HO&RORPERSUHVHQWzLOVXRSURJHWWRHLVXRLFDOFROLD
TXHVWR 5H FRQILGDQGR QHOO¶DXWRULWj GHLSURIHWL 0D LO 5H
QRQ HUD XQ VRJQDWRUH HUD PROWR UHDOLVWD H SUDWLFR
FHUWDPHQWH JOL LQWHUHVVDYD PROWR GL SL FRQWLQXDUH D
FLUFRQQDYLJDUH O¶$IULFD H DG LPSHGLUH FKH DOWUH QD]LRQL OR
IDFHVVHUR SULPDGLOXL$GHVVRTXHVWRVWUDQLHURJOLFKLHGHYD
WUH R TXDWWUR QDYL FRQ SURYYLJLRQL SHU XQ DQQR H XQ
HTXLSDJJLR VFHOWR FRQ OR VFRSR GL DSULUH XQD QXRYD URWWD
SL SHULFRORVD H SLHQD G¶LQFRJQLWH 4XHVWR VWUDQLHUR
VRJQDWRUHHLQFROWRJOLFKLHGHYDLQFDVRGLVXFFHVVRLOWLWROR
GL GRQ GL HVVHUH QRPLQDWR $PPLUDJOLR H *RYHUQDWRUH GHOOH
WHUUH FKH DYUHEEH VFRSHUWR H LQROWUH LO GHOOH ULFFKH]]H
FKHDYUHEEHWURYDWR,O5HHUDDELWXDWRDGHWWDUHFRQGL]LRQL
H QHVVXQ SRUWRJKHVH VL D]]DUGDYD D HVLJHUJOL TXDOFRVD
FRVLFFKp UHVSLQVH LO SURJHWWR GL &RORPER ,QROWUH FRQVXOWz LO
VDJJLR H FROWR GRQ 'LHJR 2UWt] YHVFRYR GL &HXWD H JOL
VFLHQ]LDWL HEUHL 5RGULJR H *LXVHSSH 9L]LQKR L TXDOL JOL
GLVVHURFKHLFDOFROLGL&RORPERHUDQRVEDOODWL
,Q TXHOO¶DQQR PRULYD )HOLSD 3HUHVWUHOOR H &RORPER GHFLVH GL
DEEDQGRQDWHLO3RUWRJDOORHDQGDUVHQHLQ6SDJQD$+XHOYD
DELWDYDQR GXH VRUHOOH VSRVDWH GL )HOLSD +XHOYD q XQD
FLWWDGLQD D NLORPHWUL GDO FRQILQH SRUWRJKHVH QHOOD IRFH
GHLILXPL7LQWRH2GLHOGLIURQWHD3DORV
%
,Q RJQL PRGR VL FUHGH FKH TXHOOR FKH GRYUHEEH
VRPLJOLDUHGLSLD&RORPERqXQTXDGUHWWRGLFP
[FPGLSLQWRGDXQDQRQLPRFRQWHPSRUDQHRVXRH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FKH VL WURYD DWWXDOPHQWH QHOOD *DOOHULD *LRYLDQD D
&RPR
)HUQDQGR +HUQiQ R +HUQDQGR HUD ILJOLR LOOHJLWWLPR GL
&RORPER H GL %HDWUL] (QUtTXH] GH $UDQD 1DFTXH D
&yUGRYDLODJRVWRGHOORVWHVVRDQQRGL+HUQiQ
&RUWpV 8PDQLVWD FROWR HG LQWHOOLJHQWH DPDQWH GHL OLEUL
IRUPz D 6LYLJOLD XQD FROOH]LRQH GL YROXPL FKH
YROOH FKLDPDUH µ/D )HUQDQGLQD¶ SRVWHULRUPHQWH IX
FKLDPDWD µ/D &RORPELQD¶ ILVVDQGR UHJROH SUHFLVH SHU OH
SHUVRQH FKH FKLHGHYDQR GL FRQVXOWDUOD 5HVWz FHOLEH H
IRUVH QRQ DYUHEEH PDL VFULWWR QXOOD VH QRQ IRVVH VWDWR
REEOLJDWR D LQWHUYHQLUH LQ GLIHVD GHOOD PHPRULD GL VXR
SDGUH H LQ IDYRUH GL VXR IUDWHOOR 'LHJR SRL GHOOD PRJOLH
GL FRVWXL 0DULD GXFKHVVD G¶$OED H ILQDOPHQWH GL VXR
QLSRWH GRQ /XLV /XLJL FRQWUR OH FDOXQQLH H OH VWROWH
OHJJHQGHFKHDSSDUYHURGXUDQWHLSURFHVVLWUDOD&RURQD
VSDJQRODHJOLHUHGLGL&RORPER6FULVVHFRVuLQPDQLHUD
GHJQDRELHWWLYDHVHUHQDPDOJUDGRLOWHPSRSDVVDWRHL
VXRL ULFRUGL G¶LQGDQ]LD QRQ VHPSUH PROWR HVDWWL 1RQ
SRWHQGRSXEEOLFDUHLOPDQRVFULWWRLQ6SDJQDSHUWLPRUH
DOODFHQVXUDUHDOHORPDQGzLQ,WDOLDIRUVHSHUPH]]RGL
VXRQLSRWHGRQ/XLV
,O PDQRVFULWWR IX SXEEOLFDWR GRSR OD VXD PRUWH D
9HQH]LDQHOWUDGRWWRLQLWDOLDQRGDXQWDOH$OIUHGR
GH 8OORD IX OD FDXVD GHJOL DWWDFFKL FKH ULFHYHWWH LQ
6SDJQD GD YDUL VFULWWRUL FKH OR WDFFLDURQR GD
DQWLVSDJQROR H WUDGLWRUH ,O OLEUR DSSDUYH FRQ LO WLWROR GL
³/D 9LWD GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR´ PD VLFFRPH LO PDQRVFULWWR
RULJLQDOH LQ VSDJQROR VL SHUGHWWH QDFTXHUR GXEEL VXOOD
VXD DXWHQWLFLWj H SDWHUQLWj 4XDOFXQR OR DWWULEXu D IUD¶
%DUWRORPp GH ODV &DVDV DOWUL D )HUQiQGH] GH 2YLHGR
DOWUL DQFRUD D VXR QLSRWH GRQ /XLV 2JJL WXWWL L ELRJUDIL
VHULQRQGXELWDQRVXOODSDWHUQLWjGL)HUQDQGR
&RPH VL VD )HUQDQGR DFFRPSDJQz VXR SDGUH QHO VXR
TXDUWR YLDJJLR WRUQz D 6DQWR 'RPLQJR QHO
UHVWDQGRFLTXDOFKHPHVH1HOFKLHVHDOOD&RURQDGL
SRWHUFRQWLQXDUHOHVFRSHUWHGLVXRSDGUHFRVDFKHJOLIX
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QHJDWD9LDJJLzPROWRSHUO¶(XURSDDOVHUYL]LRGL&DUOR9
HPRUuQHO
)UD¶ %DUWRORPpGHODV&DVDVQDFTXHD6LYLJOLDQHO
GL IDPLJOLD HEUHD FRQYHUWLWD DO FULVWLDQHVLPR 1HO
SDUWu SHU 6DQWR 'RPLQJR QHOOD 6SDJQROD RJJL +DLWL H
6DQWR 'RPLQJR GRYH IX RUGLQDWR VDFHUGRWH (VVHQGRVL
UHVRFRQWRGLFRPHJOLVSDJQROLWUDWWDYDQRJOLLQGLDQLLQ
SDUWLFRODUH QHOOH IDPRVH µHQFRPLHQGDV¶ VL FRQYHUWu QHO
ORUR DFFDQLWR GLIHQVRUH 7RUQz YDULH YROWH LQ 6SDJQD
IDFHQGR LO SRVVLELOH SHU PLJOLRUDUH OD VLWXD]LRQH GHJOL
LQGLDQL FRQWUR OD FRQWLQXD RVWLOLWj GHL FRORQL VSDJQROL H
GHLORURDPLFLQHOOD&RUWHVSDJQRODLTXDOLORDWWDFFDURQR
ULSHWXWDPHQWH FRQ RJQL PH]]R D ORUR GLVSRVL]LRQH 1HO
HQWUz QHOO¶RUGLQH GHL SUHGLFDWRUL H QHO
O¶,PSHUDWRUH OR QRPLQz YHVFRYR GL &KLDSDV LQ 0HVVLFR
&L ULPDVH GXH DQQL PD YL GRYHWWH ULQXQFLDUH D FDXVD
GHOO¶RVWLOLWjGHLFRORQL5LWRUQzLQ6SDJQDGRYHQHO
SXEEOLFz OD VXD ³6WRULD GHOOH ,QGLH´ H PRUu D 0DGULG QHO
6FULVVH DQFKH ³'LVWUX]LRQH GHOOH ,QGLH´
³&RQIHVVLRQDULR´ ³6XOOD VFKLDYLW GHJOL ,QGLDQL´ HG DOWUL
OLEUL
%DUWRORPHR&RORPERQDFTXHD*HQRYDQHOHPRUL
D6DQWR'RPLQJRQHO
'RSRYDULDQQLWUDVFRUVLD/LVERQDUDJJLXQVHVXRIUDWHOOR
&ULVWRIRURD6DQWR'RPLQJR
QHOSLWDUGLO¶DFFRPSDJQzQHOVXRTXDUWRYLDJJLR
1HOVLUHFzD5RPDSHU
FKLHGHUH DO SDSD *LXOLR ,, G¶LQWHUYHQLUH SUHVVR L 5H
VSDJQROLDIILQFKpSHUPHWWHVVHURD
VXR IUDWHOR GL FRQWLQXDUH L VXRL YLDJJL FRVD FKH JOL IX
FRQFHVVDQHO)XVHSROWR
QHOOD FKLHVD GL VDQ )UDQFHVFR D VDQWR 'RPLQJR
%HUWRORPpGHODV&DVDVVFULVVHGLOXL
FKH HUD XQ XRPR VDJJLR SUXGHQWH FRUDJJLRVR H GL
PROWDHVSHULHQ]D
/D 7KXOH R 7XOD GHJOL DQWLFKL IX VFRSHUWD GDO JUHFR
3LWHDGL0DVVLOLDQHOD&HG
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
HUD FRQVLGHUDWD O¶XOWLPD WHUUD FRQRVFLXWD DO QRUGQRUG
HVWGHOO¶(XURSD
'RFXPHQWR VFRSHUR GD 8JR $VVHUHWR H SXEEOLFDWR QHO
'LHJR &RORPER VSRVz OD GXFKHVVD G¶$OED
HG HEEH VHPEUD GXH ILJOL GRQ /XLV H
&ULVWyEDO&ULVWRIRUR,,
/D &RURQD FHUFz FRQ WXWWL L PH]]L GL VFUHGLWDUH &RORPER
GXUDQWHOHFDXVHVRVWHQXWHGDJOLHUHGLGLTXHVWLFRQWURGL
HVVD6LFHUFzGLGLPRVWUDUHFKH&RORPERLQFRQFOXVLRQH
QRQ DYHYD VFRSHUWR SURSULR QXOOD LQIDWWL LO PHULWR HUD
VWDWR GL XQ PDULQDLR VSDJQROR XQLFR VRSUDYYLVVXWR GL
WXWWR XQ HTXLSDJJLR FKH DUULYz XQ EHO JLRUQR D 0DGHLUD
FRQ OD VXD QDYH &RORPER OR VRFFRUVH H LO PDULQDLR
PRULERQGR JOL WUDFFLz OD URWWD YHUVR FHUWH LVROH DO GL Oi
GHOO¶2FHDQRGRYHHUDDUULYDWRSHUFDVRHGDGRYHYHQLYD
GRSRPROWLJLRUQLGLQDYLJD]LRQHGXUDQWHLTXDOLWXWWLJOL
DOWUL PHPEUL GHOO¶HTXLXSDJJLR HUDQR PRUWL GL IDPH 3HU
TXHVWR&RORPERDIIHUPDURQRLGLIHQVRULGLTXHVWDVWRULD
HUD FRVu VLFXUR GHOO¶HVLVWHQ]D GL WHUUH ORQWDQH H GHOOD
IDFLOLWj FRQ FXL DUULYDUFL 3L WDUGL VL JLXQVH DO SXQWR GL
GDUHDQFKHXQQRPHDTXHVWRPDULQDLR$ORQVR6iQFKH]
GL+XHOYD&LzVHUYLYDORURDQFKHSHUVSLHJDUHODUDJLRQH
GHOO¶DUULYR GL &RORPER DO PRQDVWHUR GHOOD 5jELGD YLFLQR
D +XHOYD FRQ OR VFRSR GL FHUFDUH DOWUL GRFXPHQWL FRQ
UHOD]LRQH DOOD URWWD RFHDQLFD 0D QRQ EDVWDYD DQFRUD
DOWUL DIIHUPDURQR FKH &RORPER XFFLVH LO PDULQDLR SHU
LPSDGURQLUVLGHLVXRLVFKL]]LVXOODURWWDSHUFRUVD
&RPH WXWWH OH PHQ]RJQH DELOPHQWH LQYHQWDWH QRQ VL
SRWHWWH PDL GLPRVWUDU QLHQWH Qp D IDYRUH Qp
FRQWUR ,O SULPR FKH VFULVVH TXHVWD VWRULD IX XQR GHL
ELRJUDIL GL &RORPER *RQ]DOR )HUQiQGH] GH 2YLHGR \
9DOGpV QHOOD VXD ³6WRULD GHOOH ,QGLH´ GHO SHUz D
GLUH LO YHUR DIIHUPz FKH VHFRQGR OXL HUD WXWWD
XQ¶LQYHQ]LRQH
$OFXQLDXWRULFUHGRQRFKHIXOuGRYHQDFTXHLQ&RORPERLO
GHVLGHULR GL WURYDUH O¶RUR FKH VDUHEEH VHUYLWR SHU
OLEHUDUH LO 6DQWR 6HSROFUR &RPH JLXVWDPHQWH DIIHUPD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
0RULVRQ ULVSRQGHQGR DL GHQLJUDWRUL GL &RORPER FKH OR
FRQVLGHUDQR XQ DYLGR FHUFDWRUH G¶RUR H QLHQWH SL VH
DYHVVH YROXWR VRODPHQWH DUULFFKLUVL VDUHEEH UHVWDWR D
3RUWR6DQWRFRPPHUFLDQGRLQ$IULFDJUD]LHDOOHDPLFL]LH
H DOOD SRVL]LRQH UDJJLXQWD LQ 3RUWRJDOOR ( SRVVLDPR
DJJLXQJHUH FKH XQD YROWD VFRSHUWH OH SULPH LVROH
VDUHEEH ULPDVWR LQ 6SDJQD JLj ULFFR QRELOH H FRQ OH
WHUUHFKHL5HJOLRIIULYDQRVHQ]DFRQWLQXDUHDFHUFDUOH
,QGLH LQ DOWUL WUH YLDJJL DIIURQWDQGR O¶LQVROHQ]D OH
FDOXQQLH H O¶LQJUDWLWXGLQH FKH DPDUHJJLDURQR JOL XOWLPL
DQQLGHOODVXDYLWD
1HO LO 5H GHO 3RUWRJDOOR DXWRUL]]z )HUQDR
'RPLQJXHVGH$UFR\DGHVSORUDUHO¶2FHDQRYHUVRO¶RYHVW
PD VHQ]D ULVXOWDWR DOFXQR 1HO LQYLz XQ¶DOWUD
VSHGL]LRQH GRSR O¶LQWHUYLVWD FKH DYHYD DYXWR FRQ
&RORPERDOFRPDQGRGHOILDPPLQJR)HUQDR'XOPRHGHO
SRUWRJKHVH -RDR $OIRQVR GH (VWUHLWR D ORUR VSHVH H
ULVFKL ,O 5H SURPLVH ORUR FKH LQ FDVR GL VXFFHVVR
DYUHEEHUR ULFHYXWR L WLWROL H JOL RQRUL FRUULVSRQGHQWL
HVWHVL DQFKH DL ORUR GLVFHQGHQWL SHUz ULWRUQDURQR VHQ]D
DYHUH WURYDWR QXOOD QHSSXUH XQR VFRJOLR VROLWDULR
6HPEUD FKH TXHVWD VHFRQGD VSHGL]LRQH IX SUHSDUDWD LQ
VHJUHWRDIILQFKp&RORPERQRQORVDSHVVH
&$3,72/29
/$ 63$*1$ 1(/ 6(&2/2 ;9&$67,*/,$ ( $5$*21$
/$ &$'87$ ', *5$1$'$/¶,148,6,=,21(
/¶(638/6,21( '(*/, (%5(, ( '(, 025,/$ &,9,/7¬
$5$%$,5(,6$%(//$()(51$1'2
/D SHQLVROD LEHULFD GRSR OD SULPD PHWj GHO VHFROR ;9 HUD
GLYLVDLQFLQTXHUHJQLLQGLSHQGHQWLOD&DVWLJOLDO¶$UDJRQDOD
1DYDUUD OR 6WDWR PRUR GL *UDQDGD H LO 3RUWRJDOOR /H
FRPXQLFD]LRQLHUDQRVFDUVHLOWHUULWRULRHUDLQPDJJLRUSDUWH
DULGR H VWHULOH VFDUVDPHQWH DGDWWR DOO¶DJULFROWXUD LQWHQVLYD
, VXRL DELWDQWL QRQ SRVVHGHYDQR XQ VHQWLPHQWR G¶XQLWj
QD]LRQDOH QpXQ¶RPRJHQHLWjOLQJXLVWLFD/DERUJKHVLDEDVH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GHO PHUFDQWLOLVPR H GHO FDSLWDOLVPR IX VFKLDFFLDWD VXO
QDVFHUH GDO VLVWHPD IHXGDOH GHL QRELOL H SRVWHULRUPHQWH
DWWUDYHUVR L VHFROL GDOOD PRQDUFKLD LQWHUURPSHQGR R
ULWDUGDQGR TXHOO¶HYROX]LRQH FKH VL ULVFRQWUDYD QHOOH DOWUH
JUDQGL QD]LRQL HXURSHH 2YYLDPHQWH TXHVWD SROLWLFD
V¶LPSLDQWz DQFKH QHOOH FRORQLH SHU FRQWLQXDUH SRL QHOOH
QXRYHQD]LRQLLQGLSHQGHQWLGHOO¶$PHULFD/DWLQD
6ROGDWL µKLGDOJRV¶ IXQ]LRQDUL UHDOL H FRPPHUFLDQWL QRQ
ULXVFLURQR D IRUPDUH XQD ERUJKHVLD DPHULFDQD QXPHURVD H
VROLGD FRQ FRVFLHQ]D GL FODVVH VROR XQ HVLJXR QXPHUR GL
ERUJKHVL V¶DUULFFKL VPLVXUDWDPHQWH H IRUPz OD QXHYD
µQRELOWj¶ GHO SRWHUH 4XHVWL QXRYL DULVWRFUDWL GHO GHQDUR
ODWLIRQGLVWL DOWL IXQ]LRQDUL UHDOL H JUDQGL FRPPHUFLDQWL
SUHVHURODPHQWDOLWjHLVLVWHPLGHJOLDQWLFKLVLJQRULIHXGDOL
H SHU QXOOD ERUJKHVL VRSUDWWXWWR GL TXHOOD QXRYD ERUJKHVLD
FKH HUD QDWD DO WHPSR GHOOD GLIIXVLRQH GHJOL LGHDOL GHOOH
ULYROX]LRQLIUDQFHVHHGDPHULFDQD
*OL VWRULRJUDIL VRQR G¶DFFRUGR QHOO¶DIIHUPDUH FKH LQ 6SDJQD
QRQ VL IRUPz PDL XQD FODVVH PHGLD FKH UDSSUHVHQWDVVH OD
PDJJLRUDQ]D GHJOL DELWDQWL PD XQD HVLJXD pOLWH GL
SULYLOHJLDWL XQD ERUJKHVLD UDFFKLWLFD FKH FRQWUDVWDYD FRQ OD
PDVVD PLVHUDELOH GHO SRSROR LQ XQ FOLPD GL FRUUX]LRQH
JHQHUDOH FKH VL PDQLIHVWDYD QHO VXR GRSSLR DVSHWWR SHU
DOFXQL SULYLOHJLDWL FRPH PH]]R GL HVWRUVLRQH H SHU OD
LPPHQVD PDJJLRUDQ]D FRPH HVWUHPD SRVVLELOLWj GL
VRSUDYYLYHQ]D
,Q 6SDJQD OD FRQTXLVWD GHOO¶$PHULFD EHQHILFLz
PRPHQWDQHDPHQWHODQRELOWjDXPHQWDQGRLVXRLSDWULPRQL
PD PROWR SUHVWR FRPLQFLDURQR D GLPLQXLUH H D VSDULUH D
FDXVD GHL GHELWL GHOO¶LQGROHQ]D H GHOOD ORUR LQFDSDFLWj
G¶LQYHVWLUH LQ LQGXVWULH ILQDQ]H H FRPPHUFLR $QFKH OD
&KLHVD HEEH XQ LPPHQVR SRWHUH LQ 6SDJQD FRVu FRPH LQ
$PHULFD
1HO OD FDVWLJOLDQD ,VDEHOOD GL 7UDVWiPDUD VSRVz
)HUQDQGR G¶$UDJRQD ,VDEHOOD HUD VDOLWD DO WURQR GL &DVWLOOD
QHO HUHGH GHO VXR IUDWHOODVWUR (QULFR O¶,PSRWHQWH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
)HUQDQGR DYHYD ULFHYXWR LO WURQR G¶$UDJRQD GD VXD SDGUH
*LRYDQQL,,PRUWRQHO
,O UHJQR GL &DVWLJOLD DYHYD FLUFD VHL PLOLRQL G¶DELWDQWL
$UDJRQD FRVLFFKp QHOOD WHRULFD XQLRQH GHL GXH
UHJQL ULVXOWDYD HYLGHQWH OD VXSHULRULWj GL &DVWLJOLD D FDXVD
GHO QXPHUR GHL VXRL DELWDQWL ,O R GHOOD SRSROD]LRQH
FDVWLJOLDQDSRVVHGHYDLORGHOOHWHUUHO¶GHLVXRL
DELWDQWL HUDQR FRQWDGLQL SRYHUL H XQ HUDQR SHUVRQH
HPDUJLQDWH GDWR FKH HUDQR VWUDQLHUL R VFKLDYL , GLULWWL GHL
PRULHGHJOLHEUHLHUDQROLPLWDWLHELVRJQDFRQVLGHUDUHFKHLO
GHJOL DELWDQWL GHOOH FLWWj HUDQR HEUHL R GLVFHQGHQWL GL
IDPLJOLHHEUHH
/RVWRULRJUDIRLWDOLDQR/XFLR0DULQHRVFULVVHFKHLQ&DVWLJOLD
XQ WHU]R GHOOH UHQGLWH DSSDUWHQHYD DOOD &RURQD XQ DOWUR
DOO¶DOWD DULVWRFUD]LD OD SLFFROD DULVWRFUD]LD LQ JHQHUDOH HUD
SRYHUDHVSHVVRPLVHUDELOHHLOUHVWRDOOD&KLHVD
/¶XQLRQHGHOOD&DVWLOODFRQO¶$UDJRQDHUDVRORQRPLQDOHLGXH
UHJQL FRQVHUYDURQR OD ORUR PRQHWD OH ORUROHJJLLVWLWX]LRQL
OLQJXD GRJDQH H L FLWWDGLQL GL XQ UHJQR HUDQR FRQVLGHUDWL
VWUDQLHULQHOO¶DOWUR
'RSR RWWR VHFROL GL GRPLQLR DUDER OD ULFRQTXLVWD VSDJQROD
DYHYD UHOHJDWR L PRUL LQ XQ SLFFROR UHJQR GL PH]]R PLOLRQL
G¶DELWDQWL D *UDQDGD H WHUULWRUL FLUFRVWDQWL FRQ LO PDUHDOOH
VSDOOH *OL VSDJQROL FHUFDYDQR GL FRQTXLVWDUH DQFKH TXHVWR
XOWLPR EDVLRQH DUDER GLHFL DQQL GXUz OD JXHUUD 1HO
HUD FDGXWD 0DODJD H WXWWD OD VXD SRSROD]LRQH GL
DELWDQWL IX YHQGXWD FRPH VFKLDYD GDWR FKH QRQ DYHYD
SRWXUDSDJDUHO¶HVRUELWDQWHULVFDWWR)LQDOPHQWHODIDPHHOH
GLVFRUGLHLQWHUQHGHWWHURLOFROSRGLJUD]LDDQFKHD*UDQDGD
/¶XOWLPRVXRPRQDUFD%RDEGLODSUuOHSRUWHGHOO¶$OKDPEUDDL
VROGDWL VSDJQROL WUDGHQGR LO VXR VWHVVR SRSROR (UD LO
JHQQDLR GHO *OL VSDJQROL FRQWUDFFDPELDURQR
JHQHURVDPHQWH LO IDYRUH SHUPHWWHQGR D WXWWL JOL DELWDQWL GL
*UDQDGD GL FRQVHUYDUH OH ORUR SURSULHWj UHOLJLRQH XVL H
OHJJL 3HFFDWR FKH PROWR SUHVWR JOL VSDJQROL VL
ULPDQJLDURQRWDOHJHQHURVLWj
'RSRGLFKpL5HFHQWUDOL]]DURQRLOSRWHUHOLPLWDQGRTXHOORGHL
QRELOL VL GHPROLURQR FDVWHOOL GL RJQL QRELOH FKH DLXWDYD R
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
SURWHJJHYD L EDQGLWL PROWL GL TXHVWL IXURQR FDWWXUDWL H
LPSLFFDWL QHJOL DOEHUL SL D SRUWDWD GL PDQR
&RQWHPSRUDQHDPHQWH VL IRPHQWz OD FXOWXUD FRUWLJLDQD
FLUFRQGDQGRVLGLXPDQLVWLLWDOLDQLLOSLLPSRUWDQWHGHLTXDOL
IX 3LHWUR 0DUWLUH G¶$QJKLHUD VSDJQROL]]DWR LQ 3HGUR 0iUWLU
GH$QJOHUtD
6IRU]RQGRVL GL XQLILFDUH L SRSROL GHOOD SHQtVROD FRVu GLYHUVL
SHU WUDGL]LRQL UD]]H UHOLJLRQL FODVVL H FDVWH L 5H IHFHUR
ULFRUVR DOOD VROX]LRQH DSSDUHQWHPHQWH SL IDFLOH FKH IX
TXHOOD GL REEOLJDUH WXWWL D FRQYHUWLUVL DO
FULVWLDQHVLPR/¶LQTXLVL]LRQHGLVWDPSRWLSLFDPHQWHVSDJQROR
H DO VHUYL]LR GHL 5H IX OR VWUXPHQWR SHU UDJJLXQJHUH WDOH
VFRSR R PHJOLR L ILQL GDWR FKH FRQ OD FRQILVFD GHO EHQL
GHJOL µHUHWLFL¶ R FDWWLYL FULVWLDQL V¶DXPHQWDYD LO SDWULPRQLR
GHOOD&RURQD
*OL HEUHL H L PRUL TXH QRQ YROOHUR FRQYHUWLUVL IXURQR HVSXOVL
GDOOD 6SDJQD PHQWUH TXHOOL FKH VL FRQYHUWLURQR IXURQR
VSHVVR DFFXVDWL GDOO¶LQTXLVL]LRQH VRVSHWWDWL GL
FRQVHUYDUHVHJUHWDPHQWHLULWLGHOODORURUHOLJLRQHDQWHULRUH
&RQ TXHVWH GLVSRVL]LRQL H PLVXUH VL GHWWH XQ FROSR PRUWDOH
DO FRPPHUFLR FKH QHOOD VXD PDJJLRUDQ]D HUD LQ PDQR GL
HEUHL HG DUDEL H DOO¶DJULFROWXUD TXDVL WXWWD LQ PDQR GHJOL
DUDEL HQ DQFKH DOO¶HFRQRPLD H DOOD QDVFHQWH ERUJKHVLD *OL
DUDEL H LQ PLQRU PLVXUD JOL HEUHL DYHYDQR VYLOXSSDWR
O¶LQGXVWULDO¶DOOHYDPHQWRGHOEHVWLDPHODVFLHQ]DODILORVRILD
HO¶DUWH*OLVWRULRJUDILKDQQRGLPRVWUDWRFKHJOLDUDELDTXHO
WHPSR HUDQR SL FLYLOL H SURJUHVVLVWL GHJOL HXURSHL LQ
JHQHUDOHHPROWRGLSLGHJOLVSDJQROL6RODPHQWHQHOOD
FLWWjGL&RUGRYDDOWHPSRGHJOLDUDELHVLVWHYDQRSLGL
EDJQL SXEEOLFL FKH QRQ XVDYDQR PDL L FULVWLDQL GDWR FKH
FRQVLGHUDYDQR LO EDJQDUVL XQ¶DELWXGLQH SDJDQD H
SHFFDPLQRVDGDHYLWDUVL1RQSRFKHHUDQROHSHUVRQHFKHVL
YDQWDYDQR GL QRQ HVVHUVL EDJQDWH PDL GXUDQWH OD ORUR YLWD
/H VWUDGH GL &RUGRYD HUDQR SDYLPHQWDWH JLj QHO VHFROR ;
PHQWUH 3DULJL H /RQGUD GRYHWWHUR DVSHWWDUH OD ORUR
SDYLPHQWD]LRQH DOWUL VHWWHFHQWR DQQL &RUGRYD SRVVHGHYD
YDULH ELEOLRWHFKH FKH SRVVHGHYDQR PH]]R PLOLRQH GL OLEUL LQ
WRWDOH PHQWUH QHO UHVWR G¶(XURSD VH QH FRQWDYDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
VRODPHQWH XQ PLJOLDLR *OL DUDEL H JOL HEUHL WUDVPLVHUR OD
FXOWXUDJUHFDDOO¶2FFLGHQWHFKHDYHYDSHUGXWRRJQLFRQWDWWR
FRQLOSDVVDWRDFDXVDGHOOHLQYDVLRQLEDUEDULFKH
/DFXOWXUDILORVRILFDHVFLHQWLILFDGHOOD*UHFLD3HUVLDHO¶,QGLD
JLXQVHFRVuLQ6SDJQDDYROWHDUULFFKLWDGDFRQFHWWLRULJLQDOL
GHL ILORVRIL DUDEL PHQWUH OH XQLYHUVLWj DUDEH HUDQR
IUHTXHQWDWH DQFKH GD VWXGHQWL HXURSHL DVLDWLFL H DIULFDQL
7XWWR FLz ODVFLz XQ¶LQIOXHQ]D QHOOH OHWWHUDWXUH HXURSHH HG
DQFKH QHOOH SULPLWLYH IRUPH GHOOH OLQJXH QD]LRQDOL VHQ]D
WUDODVFLDUH OD PXVLFD H O¶DUFKLWHWWXUD ,PSXOVDQGRO¶LQGXVWULD
JOL DUDEL VYLOXSSDURQR OD IXVLRQH GHL PHWDOOL LPSLDQWDQGR D
7ROHGR OD IDEEULFD]LRQH GHOOH DUPL ELDQFKH JLj FHOHEUL D
'DPDVFR ,Q DJULFXOWXUD LQWURGXVVHUR O¶LUULJD]LRQH H OD
FROWLYD]LRQH GHOOD FDQQD GD ]XFFKHUR GHJOL DJUXPL GHOOH
SHVFKH GHOOH DUDQFH FKH SRUWDURQR GDOO¶,QGLD ,O FRPPHUFLR
SURVSHUz H LPSRUWDYDQR HG HVSRUWDYDQR LQ RJQL DQJROR GHO
PRQGR FRQRVFLXWR 7XWWR FLz VFHPz H LQ PROWL FDVL VSDUu
FRPSOHWDPHQWH GRSR OH SHUVHFX]LRQL HG HVSXOVLRQL 0HQWUH
LQ$IULFDHLQ$VLDGRSRODFRQTXLVWDHGRPLQD]LRQHWXUFKH
DQFKHOuJOLDUDELFDGGHURDSRFRDSRFRQHOO¶RVFXUDQWLVPRH
LQXQUHWURFHVVRFXOWXUDOH
,Q 6SDJQD VL FRQVROLGz XQD EXURFUD]LD FRVu UDSDFH FRPH
LQHIILFLHQWH OH FDULFKH SROLWLFKH H DPPLQLVWUDWLYH QRQ VL
DVVHJQDYDQR FRQ UHOD]LRQH DL PHULWL PD SHU DPLFL]LD
VLPSDWLD QHSRWLVPR R FRQYHQLHQ]D ,O FRPPHUFLR H OD
LQGXVWULD HUDQR FRQVLGHUDWL LQGHJQL HG HUDQR WROOHUDWL
DSSHQDO¶HVHUFLWRHLOVDFHUGR]LRHUDQROHXQLFKHSURIHVVLRQL
GHJQHSHUFKLQRQSRVVHGHYDULFFKH]]HSHUVRQDOL
,VDEHOODGL7UDVWiPDUDFRQRVFLXWDSLXWDUGLFRPH,VDEHOODOD
&DWWROLFD QDFTXH QHO ILJOLD G¶,VDEHOOD GHO 3RUWRJDOOR
FKH PRUu SD]]D )HUQDQGR G¶$UDJRQD VXR FXJLQR
PDULWR H FRQRVFLXWR FRPH )HUQDQGR LO &DWWROLFR QDFTXH QHO
6L VSRVDURQR IDFHQGR FLUFRODUH OD YRFH FKH DYHYDQR
JLjRWWHQXWRODGLVSHQVDSDSDOHPDQRQHUDYHURHUDVWDWD
VRORULFKLHVWDHODFRQVHJQzORURLOFDUGLQDOH5RGULJR%RUJLD
LOIXWXURSDSD$OHVVDQGUR9,WUHDQQLGRSR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
(EEHUR XQ ILJOLR GRQ *LRYDQQL 3ULQFLSH GHOOH $VWXULH FKH
PRUuJLRYDQHHTXDWWURILJOLH
6L q VFULWWR H GLVFXVVR PROWR D SURSRVLWR GL TXHVWL GXH 5H
DQFKH SHU FKLDULUH FKL GHL GXH FRPDQGDYD UHDOPHQWH FKL
SUHQGHYD OH GHFLVLRQL SL LPSRUWDQWL GHO 5HJQR LQFOXGHQGR
TXHOOD GL DXWRUL]]DUH L YLDJJL GL &RORPER 0D DQFRUD VL
FRQWLQXDDGLVFXWHUH
,Q RJQL PRGR )HUQDQGR HUD LO 5H FRQVRUWH RGLDWR GDOOD
QRELOWj FDVWLJOLDQD PHQWUH ,VDEHOOD FKLXVD QHOOD VXD
VXSHUELDVLGDYDOHDULHGLHVVHUHOHLLO5HHOD5HJLQDPDGL
IURQWH DO SRSROR SLDFHYD ORUR DQQXQFLDUH VHEEHQH
IRUPDOPHQWH FKH OD ORUR XQLRQH HUD SHUIHWWD WDQWR QHO
SRWHUH FRPH QHO FRPDQGR H RUGLQDURQR GL FROORFDUH QHOOH
EDQGLHUH GHO 5HJQR JOL VWHPPL FRQ OH WRUUL GL &DVWLJOLD
DOWHUQDQGROL D TXHOOL GHL OHRQL G¶$UDJRQD FRQ LO PRWWR
³7DQWR LPSRUWD LPSRUWD WDQWR ,VDEHOOD FRPH )HUQDQGR´
0RWWR DEEDVWDQ]D SDFFKLDQR PD FKH GHYH DYHU JRQILDWR
G¶RUJRJOLRLSHWWLGHOODPDVVDGHOSRSRORGLTXHOO¶HSRFD7XWWL
H GXH L 5H FRPH G¶DOWUD SDUWH WXWWD OD QRELOWj VSDJQROD
DYHYDQRDQWHQDWLHEUHLHPRUL
,VDEHOOD HUD JHORVLVVLPD HQHUJLFD LPSXOVLYD RUJRJOLRVD
OXQJLPLUDQWH IDQDWLFD UHOLJLRVD H TXDOFXQR OH KD QRWDWR
DQFKHXQ¶DFFHQWXD]LRQHLVWHULFD
,O FURQLVWD GHOOD &RUWH O¶LWDOLDQR 0DULQHR 6LFXOR VFULVVH FKH
HUDYDQLWRVDOHSLDFHYDQRJOLRQRULHODIDPD
,Q FDPELR )HUQDQGR HUD WLSLFDPHQWH FDWDODQR SUDWLFR
VHPSOLFH QHJR]LDQWH GRQQDLROR LQIDWWL ±PDOJUDGR OD
FRQWLQXDVRUYHJOLDQ]DG¶,VDEHOOD±HEEHGLYHUVLILJOLEDVWDUGL
WUD L TXDOL $ORQVR G¶$UDJRQD DUFKLYHVFRYR GL 6DUDJR]]D 6L
GLFH FKH IX DQFKH XQ SROLWLFR SHUILGR H YROXELOH 0DULQHR
6LFXORDJJLXQVHFKHDYHYDXQ¶RWWLPDPHPRULDHLQWHOOLJHQ]D
H GHVLGHUDYD HVVHUH VFULWWRUH PD IX REEOLJDWR D GHGLFDUVL
DOOHDUPL
)UDQFHVFR *XLFFLDUGLQL VFULVVH ³&KH JUDQ GLIIHUHQ]D WUD LO
GLUH H LO IDUH GL TXHVWR 3ULQFLSH H FRQ TXDOH DVWX]LD H
SUHPHGLWD]LRQHSUHSDUDLVXRLSLDQL´
&RPHRJQLXRPRSROLWLFRQRQDYHYDLQIDWWLPROWLVFUXSROLOXL
VWHVVR DIIHUPDYD FRQ YDQWR H PDOL]LD ³,O 5H GL )UDQFLD VL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
ODPHQWD FKH LR O¶KR LQJDQQDWR GXH YROWH 4XHVWR VFLRFFR
PHQWHLQIDWWLO¶KRLQJDQQDWRVHGLFLYROWHHIRUVHGLSL´
1HSSXUH 0DFKLDYHOOL VL GLPHQWLFz GL OXL ³1XOOD PHULWD SL
VWLPDSHUXQSULQFLSHFKHOHJUDQGLLPSUHVHHOHD]LRQLUDUH
H PHUDYLJOLRVH 'L FLz QH ID IHGH QHO QRVWUR WHPSR XQ
DPPLUHYROH HVHPSLR LQ )HUQDQGR G¶$UDJRQD ( DWWXDOPHQWH
PRQDUFDGL6SDJQD3RVVLDPRFRQVLGHUDUORFRPHXQSULQFLSH
QXRYR GDWR FKH GD 5H GHEROH FKH HUD DUULYz DG HVVHUH LO
SULPR PRQDUFD GHOOD &ULVWLDQLWj SHU OD VXD IDPD H JORULD
,QIDWWL VH FRQVLGHULDPR OH VXH LPSUHVH OH WURYLDPR WXWWH
JUDQGLRVHHDOFXQHSHUILQRVWUDRUGLQDULH,QL]LzLOVXRUHJQR
FRQTXLVWDQGR*UDQDGDFKHJOLVHUYuFRPHSXQWRGLSDUWHQ]D
GHOOD VXD JUDQGH]]D 2EEOLJy OD QRELOWj FDVWLJOLDQD D
SUHRFFXSDUVL SUHSDUDUVL H FRPEDWWHUH GLVWUDHQGROD H
DOORQWDQDQGROD GD FRQIOLWWL LQWHUQL LQWULJKL H GHVLGHUL
G¶LQQRYD]LRQL H IDFHQGR FLz ULXVFu D GRPLQDUOD VHQ]D FKH
VH QH UHQGHVVH FRQWR ULFHYHQGRQH XQD JUDQGH VWLPD 3RWq
VXELWR FRO GHQDUR GHOOD &KLHVD H GHO SRSROR PDQWHQHUH
HVHUFLWL H JUD]LH D XQD JXHUUD SUROXQJDWD IRUPDUH EXRQL
VROGDWL FKH JOL GHWWHUR SUHVWLJLR FRPH FDSLWDQR ,QROWUH
VHPSUH FRQ OD VFXVD GHOOD UHOLJLRQH H FRQ OR VFRSR GL
HIIHWWXDUH PDJJLRUL LPSUHVH ULFRUVH DG XQ HVSHGLHQWH GL
FUXGHOWjGHYRWDHGHVSXOVzHEUHLHPRULGDOVXRUHJQR1RQ
VL SXz LPPDJLQDUH QLHQWH GL SL FUXGHOH H DOOR VWHVVR
WHPSR SL VWUDRUGLQDULR GL FLz FKH IHFH 3L WDUGL VRWWR OD
VWHVVD VFXVD GHOOD UHOLJLRQH VL GLUHVVH YHUVR O¶$IULFD
FRPLQFLzODFRQTXLVWDG¶,WDOLDHDWWDFFyOD)UDQFLD(VHJXuGL
FRQWLQXR JUDQGL LPSUHVH FKH IXURQR DPPLUDWH GDO VXR
SRSROR0DFFKLQDYDLPSUHVHVXLPSUHVHLQWDOPRGRFKHQRQ
ODVFLDYDQR LO WHPSR DL JRYHUQDQWL QHSSXUH GL UHVSLUDUH H
WDQWRPHQRSHUSHQVDULQWUDPDUHFRQWURGLOXL´
%
1HO VL GHFUHWz O¶XQLRQH GHOOD &DVWLJOLD FRQ
O¶$UDJRQDQHOO¶LQFRUSRUD]LRQHGL*UDQDGDDO5HJQR
H QHO O¶LQWHJUD]LRQH GHOOD 1DYDUUD 1HO VL
SDUOz SHU OD SULPD YROWD GHO 5HJQR GL 6SDJQD TXDQGR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
O¶DELOH PLQLVWUR LWDOLDQR 0HUFXULQR *DWWLQDUD LO TXDOH
GLUHVVH OD SROLWLFD GHOO¶,PSHUR ILQR DOOD VXD PRUWH
SURFODPy &DUOR 9 µ5H 5RPDQR ,PSHUDWRUH 5RPDQR
(OHWWR VHPSUH $XJXVWR 5H GL 6SDJQD GL 6LFLOLD GL
*HUXVDOHPPH GHOOH %DOHDUL GHOOH &DQDULH H GHOOH LVROH
GHO FRQWLQHQWH GDOO¶DOWUD SDUWH GHOO¶RFHDQR $UFLGXFD
G¶$XVWULD 'XFD GL %RUJRJQD GHO %UDPDQWH GHOOD 6WLULD
GHOOD &DULQ]LD GHOOD &DUQLROD GHO /XVVHPEXUJR GL
/LPEXUJR G¶$WHQH H 3DWUjV &RQWH G¶$EVEXUJR GHOOH
)LDQGUH GHO 7LUROR &RQWH SDODWLQR GHOOD %RUJRJQD
GHOO¶+DLQDXW GL )HUUHWWH GHO 5RVVLJOLRQH /DQGJUDYH
G¶$OVD]LD3ULQFLSHGHOOD6YHYLD6LJQRUHLQ$VLDH$IULFD´
/¶KLGDOGR KLMR GH DOJR FKH VLJQLILFD µILJOLR GL TXDOFRVD¶
FLRq GL JHQWH ULFFD SRVVLGHQWH PDULPDVWRVHQ]DQXOOD
GDWR FKH VROR LO SULPRJHQLWR ULFHYHYD WXWWD O¶HUHGLWj
IDPLOLDUH &RVLFFKp O¶KLGDOJR GRYHYD FUHDUVL OD VXD
SURSULD IRUWXQD QHOOH JXHUUD GL ULFRQTXLVWD LQ 6SDJQD
FRQWURLPRULHGLFRQTXLVWDLQ,WDOLDHLQ$PHULFD
4XHVWD VLWXD]LRQH GRYXWD D WXWWD XQD VHULH GL
FLUFRVWDQ]H VWRULFKH H FOLPDWRORJLFKH ULVSHFFKLD LO
FDUDWWHUH GHL FDVWLJOLDQL GL TXHO WHPSR LO TXDOH
VRPLJOLDYD D TXHOOR GHL VLFLOLDQL GHO VHFROR ;,; FRPH OR
GHVFULYH *LXVHSSH 7RPDVL GL /DPSHGXVD QHO VXR
URPDQ]R³,O*DWWRSDUGR´
)DFHQGR XQ SDUDJRQH FRQ LO VHFROR ;; QHO LQ
6SDJQD F¶HUD LO GL DQDOIDEHWL SHUVRQH
SRVVHGHYDQR OD PHWj GHOOD WHUUD 1HOO¶HVHUFLWR F¶HUD XQ
XIILFLDOH SHU RJQL VHLV VROGDWL H XQ JHQHUDOH SHU RJQL
FHQWR 1HO LO FDFLFKLVPR H OD FRUUX]LRQH
GRPLQDYDQRLQRJQLFDPSR
8Q DOWUR SDUDJRQH FRO VHFROR ;; QHO OD 6SDJQD
DYHYD WUHQWD PLOLRQL G¶DELWDQWL GHL TXDOL LO VL
GHGLFDYDDOO¶DJULFROWXUD'HJOLXQLFLPLOLRQLGLSRSROD]LRQH
DWWLYD RWWR HUDQR SRYHUL GXH PLOLRQL IRUPDYDQR OD
FODVVHPHGLDHXQPLOLRQHHUDQRLSULYLOHJLDWL/¶LQGXVWULD
H OH ILQDQ]H HUDQR QHOOD ORUR PDJJLRUDQ]D LQ PDQR
VWUDQLHUD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
%RDGELO ILUPy XQ SDWWR VHFUHWR FRQ L UH ,VDEHOOD H
)HUQDQGRGHWHUPLQDQGRODUHVDGL*UDQDGDLQXQWHPSR
ILVVDWR 1HO SDWWR ILUPDWR D 6DQWDIp VL SHUPHWWHYD D
%RDGELO H DOOD VXD IDPLJOLD H GLVFHQGHQWL LO GLULWWR GL
FRQVHUYDUH LO SDWULPRQLR UHDOH H LSRVVHVVLSHUVRQDOLJOL
VDUHEEHURVWDWLFRQVHJQDWLWUHQWDPLODFDVWLJOLDQLG¶RUR
&RPH OH SURPHVVH IDWWH D &RORPER QHPPHQR TXHVWH
IXURQRULVSHWWDWH
/¶DUFLYHVFRYR GL *UDQDGD IUD¶ )HUQDQGR GL 7DODYHUD
FRQYHUWuPROWLPRULIXJLXVWRH
SDWHUQDOH FRQ ORUR PD L UHD]LRQDUL FDSHJJLDWL GDO
FDUGLQDOH&LVQHURVSUHYDOVHURHVL
SURLEu ORUR O¶XVR GHOOH DUPL V¶LPSRVH ORUR XQ WULEXWR VL
EUXFLDURQRLORUROLEULHSL
WDUGL FRPLQFLDURQR OH VWUDJL OH FRQYHUVLRQL IRU]DWH L
JLXGL]LGHOO¶LQTXLVL]LRQHHOH
HVSXOVLRQL
1HO FL IX OD SULPD VWUDJH GL FRQYHUVL LQ $QGDOXVLD
QHOVLHVSXOVHURJOLHEUHL
GDOOD VWHVVD UHJLRQH QHO GDOO¶$UDJRQD QHO
IXURQR HVSXOVL GD WXWWR LO UHJQR DOWUL
PRUL IXURQR HVSXOVL QHO LQFOXGHQGR L FRQYHUVL H
ORUR GLVFHQGHQWL SHUz WDOL PLVXUH QRQ VL DSSOLFDURQR DL
SDUHQWLGHOODIDPLJOLDUHDOHDOO¶DOWR
FOHURHDLQRELOLVRWWRSURWH]LRQHUHDOH
'D )LUHQ]H LO ILORVRIR XPDQLVWD *LRYDQQL 3LFR GHOOD
0LUiQGROD VFULVVH ³/H VRIIHUHQ]H GHJOL HEUHL SHU PH]]R
GHOOH TXDOL VL ULFUHDYD OD JORULD H OD JLXVWL]LD GLYLQH HUD
FRVu JUDQGH FKH L FXRUL GHL FULVWLDQL VL ULHQSLYDQR GL
FRPPLVHUD]LRQH´
, FRQWDGLQL PRUL FKH UHVWDURQR LQ $QGDOXVLD IXURQR
FRVWUHWWL D ODYRUDUH TXDVL FRPH VFKLDYL SHU L QXHYR
SDGURQLFDVWLJOLDQLVLSURLEuORURGLXVDUHLYHVWLWLWLSLFLOH
OHJJL DELWXGLQL OLQJXD UHOLJLRQH H SHUILQR L EDJQL H
GRYHYDQR SDJDUH XQD PXOWD VH QRQ DQGDYDQR D PHVVD
RJQL GRPHQLFD 3L WDUGL VL FKLHVH ORUR XQ FHUWLILFDWR GL
µSXUH]]DGLVDQJXH¶WUDOHWDQWHDEHUUD]LRQLDVVXUGHFKH
UHJLVWUD OD VWRULD TXHVWD HEEH XQ JUDQ VXFFHVVR GDWR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FKH+LWOHUODULXWLOL]]zLQSLHQRVHFROR;;SHUGLPRVWUDUH
FKH QRQ DYHYDQR DYXWR DQWHQDWL DUDEL R HEUHL
/RJLFDPHQWH VL FKLHGHYD LO FHUWLILFDWR DOOD PDVVD
DQRQLPD GHO SRSROR H QRQ D FKL SHU OD VXD FRQGL]LRQH
SROLWLFRVRFLDOH QRQ HUD FRQYHQLHQWH ULFKLHGHUJOLHOR
&¶HUD IRUVH DQFRUD TXDOFXQR LQ 6SDJQD FKH QRQ DYHVVH
TXDOFKH JRFFLD GL VDQJXH DUDER R HEUHR GRSR RWWRFHQWR
DQQLGLGRPLQD]LRQHDUDED"
%DVWHUHEEHULFRUGDUHFKHHEUHLFRQYHUVLIXURQRWUDDOWUL
/XLV GH 6DQWiQJHO WHVRULHUH GHOOD &RURQD G¶$UDJRQD LO
TXDOH ILQDQ]Lz LQ SDUWH LO SULPR YLDJJLR GL &RORPER IUD¶
%DUWRORPp GH ODV &DVDV /XLV 9LYHV )UDQFLVFR 9LFWRULD
IUD¶ /XLV GH /HyQ 6DQ -XDQ GH ÈYLOD H 6DQWD 7HUHVD GL
*HV ,Q TXDQWR DOO¶,QTXLVL]LRQH IX LO FDUGLQDOH -LPpQH]
&LVQHURV LO TXDOH GD FRQIHVVRUH GHOOD 5HJLQD JLXQVH DG
RFFXSDUH OH FDULFKH GL DUFLYHVFRYR GL7ROHGR,QTXLVLWRUH
*HQHUDOH H *RYHUQDWRUH GHO 5HJQR UDSSUHVHQWDQGR LO UH
)HUQDQGR GRSR OD PRUWH GHOOD UHJLQD ,VDEHOOD FKH
FRQVLJOLz H LQVLVWHWWH DIILQFKp IRVVH LVWLWXLWR LO WULEXQDOH
GHOOD 6DQWD ,QTXLVL]LRQH LQ &DVWLJOLD H $UDJRQD H FKH
UDSSUHVHQWDVVH XQ WUHPHQGR SRWHUH QHOOH PDQL GHL 5H
LQGLSHQGHQWH GDO 9DWLFDQR ,QIDWWL RJQL YROWD FKH LO 3DSD
FHUFDYDG¶LPSRUUHODVXDDXWRULWjSHUPRGHUDUHOHD]LRQL
GHOO¶,QTXLVL]LRQHVLWURYzGLIURQWHDOODUHVLVWHQ]DGHL5H
FRQO¶DSSRJJLRGHOFDGLQDOH5RGULJR%RUMDLOIXWXURSDSD
$OHVVDQGUR 9, %RUJLD LO TXDOH SL WDUGL ULFHYHWWH GDJOL
VWHVVL5HFRPHULQJUD]LDPHQWRVXIILFLHQWHRURSHUSRWHU
FRPSUDUH TXDVL WXWWL L FDUGLQDOL URPDQL HG HVVHUH HOHWWR
SDSD /D 6DQWD ,QTXLVL]LRQH FKH LQ UHDOWj QRQ HUD
FHUWDPHQWH PROWR VDQWD DJu LQ PRGR GUDVWLFR XVDQGR
WRUPHQWL YDUL WUD L TXDOLODWRUWXUDHEUXFLDQGRQHOURJR
OH VXH YLWWLPH DOOH TXDOL VL FRQILVFDYDQR WXWWH OH ORUR
SURSULHWjFKHSDVVDYDQRDOOD&RURQD
TXDQGR LO FRQWH GL 7HQGLOODV DPEDVFLDWRUH VSDJQROR D
5RPDFRQYLQVH3LHWUR0DUWLUH
G¶$QJKLHUD DG DFFHWWDUH O¶RIIHUWD GHL 5H GL 6SDJQD GL
VWDELOLUVLQHOODORUR&RUWHLOVXRDPLFR3RPSRQLR/HWRJOL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FRQVLJOLz VHQ]D VXFFHVVR GL QRQ DQGDUH D YLYHUH LQ XQ
SDHVHIDQDWLFRHVHPLEDUEDUR
,VDEHOODGHO3RUWRJDOORIXULQFKLXVDQHOFDVWHOORG¶$UpYDOR
HYLUHVWzGXUDQWHDQQL
/DVWHVVD,VDEHOODHUDFXJLQDGLVHFRQGRJUDGRGLVXD
PDGUH QLSRWH GL SULPR H VHFRQGR JUDGR GHOOD VXD
ELVQRQQD H QLSRWH GL XQ FXJLQR GL VXR SDGUH 4XHVWH
VWUDQH FRELQD]LRQL HUDQRIUHTXHQWLLQRJQLIDPLJOLDUHDOH
H FRQWLQXDURQR ILQR DOO¶HSRFD PRGHUQD VRPPDQGRVL OH
WDUH IDPLOLDUL FRQ L WULVWL ULVXOWDWL FKH FRQRVFH RJQL
VWXGLRVRGLVWRULD
/H TXDWWUR ILJOLH IXURQR ,VDEHOOD *LRYDQQD 0DULD H
&DWHULQD
,VDEHOOD VSRVz LO SULQFLSH $OIRQVR HUHGH DO WURQR GHO
3RUWRJDOOR ULPDVWD YHGRYD VL ULWLUz LQ XQ FRQYHQWR
(PDQXHOH,FXJLQRGHOGHIXQGRPDULWRVDOuVXOWURQRGHO
3RUWRJDOOR H OD ULFKLHVH LQ VSRVD ,VDEHOOD DFFHWWz GL
ULQXQFLDUH DL VXR YRWL FRQ GXH FRQGL]LRQL FKH IXURQR
LPPHGLDWDPHQWH DFFHWWDWH FKH OR VSRVDOL]LR IRVVH
VHPSOLFH H FKH VL HVSXOVDVVHUR JOL HEHUL GDO 3RUWRJDOOR
1HO D DQQL PRUu GL SDUWR H DQFKH LO QHRQDWR
PRUu GRSR SRFR WHPSR $OORUD LO UH (PDQXHOH VSRVz
0DULD VRUHOOD GHOOD PRUWD H TXDQGR DQFKH OHL PRUu
VSRVz (OHRQRUD VRUHOOD GL &DUOR 9 QLSRWH GHOOH VXH GXH
PRJOL SUHFHGHQWL ,VDEHOOD H 0DULD GDWR FKH HUD ILJOLD GL
*LRYDQQD OD 3D]]D ,O 5H DYHYD DQQL (OHRQRUD
(PDQXHOHDYHYDDYXWRLQROWUHGLHFLILJOLEDVWDUGL
*LRYDQQD OD 3D]]D VSRVz )LOLSSR LO %HOOR ILJOLR
GHOO¶LPSHUDWRUH0DVVLPLOLDQR,G¶$XVWULDHIXODPDGUHGL
&DUOR95HDOPHQWHQRQVLVDSUjPDLLQTXDOLPRPHQWLR
SHULRGL HUD PDWWD H TXDQWR JUDYH IRVVH OD VXD SD]]LD
FRPH QRQ VL VDSUj PDL VH LO ELFFKLHU G¶DFTXD FKH EHYYH
VXR PDULWR )LOLSSR LO %HOOR H FKH OR FRQGXVVH GLULWWR DOOD
WRPED HUD VWDWR DYYHOHQDWR SHU RUGLQH GL VXR VXRFHUR
)HUQDQGRG¶$UDJRQD
*LRYDQQD OD 3D]]D HUD XQD EHOOD GRQQD VRPLJOLDYD DOOD
VXD QRQQD SDWHUQD *LRYDQQD (QUtTXH] OD FXL ELVQRQQD
HUD HEUHD 9LVVH WRUPHQWDWD GDL VXRL IXURUL SDVVLRQDOL H
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
VHVVXDOL WUDVFRUVH XQD EXRQD SDUWH GHOOD VXD YLWD
ULQFKLXVD QHO FDVWHOOR GL 7RUGHVLOODV SULPD PDOWUDWWDWD
GDLVXRLFDUFHULHULDJOLRUGLQLGLVXRSDGUH)HUQDQGRSRL
LQ SULJLRQH YRORQWDULD GXUDQWH WXWWD OD UHJJHQ]D D VXR
QRPH GL VXR ILJOLR &DUOR 9 (UD FRVu JHORVD GL VXR
PDULWR )LOLSSR LO %HOOR LO TXDOH VH OD VSDVVDYD
DOOHJUDPHQWH FRQ OH GDPH ILDPPLQJKH GHOOD VXD &RUWH
FKHJLXQVHDOSXQWRGLVILJXUDUHLYLVLGHOOHVXHGRQ]HOOH
VFKLDYH PRUH DIILQFKp VXR PDULWR QRQ FHUFDVVH GL DYHU
DQFKHFRQORURUHOD]LRQLVHVVXDOL
&DWHULQD VL VSRVz FRQ LO SULQFLSH $UWXUR G¶,QJKLOWHUUD
HUHGHDOWURQR4XDQGROXLPRUuVLVSRVzFRQVXRIUDWHOOR
(QULFR9,,,LOTXDOHODULSXGLzSHUVSRVDUH$QQD%ROHQD
FDXVDQGR OR VFLVPD G¶,QJKLOWHUUD H OD VXD VHSDUD]LRQH
GDOOD &KLHVD URPDQD H LQL]LDQGR FRVu OD VHULH GL PRJOL
ULSXGLDWHRGHFDSLWDWH
,O SULQFLSH GRQ *LRYDQQL VSRVz 0DUJKHULWD 0DUJRW
G¶$XVWULD 'RSR OR VSRVDOL]LR WXWWL H GXH VL ULQFKLXVHUR
QHOODORURVWDQ]DGDOHWWRDVVHWDWLG¶DPRUH7UDVFRUVHURL
JLRUQL SRL OH VHWWLPDQH PD L SULQFLSL QRQ XVFLYDQR
GDOO¶DOFRYDDOORUD,VDEHOODPDGUHGLGRQ*LRYDQQLGHWWH
O¶RUGLQHGLEXWWDUJLODSRUWDHGDOORUDDSSDUYHLO3UtQFLSH
GHEROH PDJUR H SDOOLGR FKH VHPEUDYD XQ IDQWDVPD (
UHDOPHQWH VL FRQYHUWu LQ IDQWDVPD GRSR SRFKL JLRUQL
DQGDQGRGLULWWRDOO¶DOWURPRQGR
,O SDSD 3LR ,9 GHQXQFLz SXEEOLFDPHQWH OD
GLVFHQGHQ]DPRUDGL)HUQDQGRG¶$UDJRQDHTXHOODHEUHD
G¶,VDEHOOD GL 7UDVWiPDUD ,QROWUH $OIRQVR 9 GL &DVWLJOLD
DYHYDDYXWRDQFKHQRQQLEHUHEHUL1HOLOFDUGLQDOH
0HQGR]D SXEEOLFz XQ RSXVFROR GLPRVWUDQGR FKH WXWWD OD
QRELOWjVSDJQRODDYHYDDQFKHVDQJXHHEUHDHPRUD
³,O3ULQFLSH´FDSLWROR;;,
&$3,72/29,
&2/20%2 ,1 63$*1$6$17$ 0$5,$ '(//$ 5È%,'$
/$ /81*$ $77(6$, 5( ( /$ '(&,6,21( '(, '277,
/(µ&$3,78/$&,21(6¶
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
(UDO¶DQQRGHO&RORPERGRSRODQHJDWLYDULFHYXWDGDO
UH *LRYDQQL ,, H OD PRUWH GL VXD PRJOLH )HOLSD GHFLVH
G¶DEEDQGRQDUH LO 3RUWRJDOOR SRUWDQGR FRQ Vp VXR ILJOLR
'LHJR GL FLQTXH DQQL ODVFLDQGR VXR IUDWHOOR %DUWRORPHR D
/LVERQD 3HQVz FKH IRUVH DYUHEEH WURYDWR PLJOLRUIRUWXQDLQ
6SDJQD WDQWR SL FKH XQD R IRUVH GXH FRJQDWD VXD
DELWDYD LQ $QGDOXVLD LQROWUH DYHYD DPLFL QHOOD FRPXQLWj
JHQRYHVH GL DUPDWRUL EDQFKLHUL H FRPPHUFLDQWL GL&RUGRYD
H6LYLJOLD
/D 6SDJQD HUD OD QD]LRQH GHO IXWXUR VL VWDYD XQLILFDQGR
FHUFDYD GL VWLPRODUH LO FRPPHUFLR GL GLIIRQGHUHODUHOLJLRQH
HGLDPSOLDUHLVXRLWHUULWRULVHJXHQGRODGHFLVDSROLWLFDGHL
UH,VDEHOODH)HUQDQGR
&RP¶HUD VXD DELWXGLQH &RORPER GRYHWWH DYHU SURJHWWDWR
WXWWRFRQVRPPDSUHFLVLRQHSULPDGLSUHQGHUHODGHFLVLRQH
G¶DEEDQGRQDUH LO 3RUWRJDOOR TXDVL GL QDVFRVWR VHQ]D
QHSSXUH DYYLVDUH LO 5H LPEDUFDQGRVL D /LVERQD H GLUHWWR D
6LYLJOLD
/D QDYH IDFHYD VFDOR D 3DORV H &RORPER DSSURILWWz
O¶RFFDVLRQH SHU YLVLWDUH LO PRQDVWHUR IUDQFHVFDQR GL
6DQWD 0DULD GHOOD 5iELGD HGLILFDWR VXOOD VRPPLWj G¶XQD
FROOLQDQRQORQWDQDGDOODFRQIOXHQ]DGHLILXPL7LQWRH2GLHO
DXQDGLHFLQDGLNLORPHWULGDOORVFDOR
/D SULPDYHUD VWDYD ILQHQGR IDFHYD FDOGR H OD VDOLWD DO
PRQDVWHUR VWDQFz LO VXR ILJOLROHWWR LO TXDOH JLXQVH DO
PRQDVWHUR DVVHWDWR H IRUVH DQFKH FRQ XQ SR¶ GL IDPH 'D
TXHVWRIDWWRVLFUHzODOHJJHQGDFKHDSSDUHDQFRUDLQPROWL
OLEULFKH&RORPERHUDDQGDWRDFKLHGHUHO¶HOHPRVLQDDLIUDWL
&HUWDPHQWH QRQ HUD XQ XRPR ULFFR PD D FDXVD GHO VXR
PDWULPRQLR GRYHYD SRVVHGHUH XQ FHUWR FDSLWDOH ROWUH DO
GHQDUR JXDGDJQDWR GXUDQWH PROWL DQQL DO VHUYL]LR GHJOL
6SuQROD H GHL GL 1HJUR ,QROWUH QRQ VL VDUHEEH PDL
SUHVHQWDWR FRPH XQ PHQGLFDQWH LO VXR RUJRJOLR FKH
GLPRVWUz XQD LQILQLWj GL YROWH QRQ JOLHOR DYUHEEH PDL
SHUPHVVR ,QROWUH FRPH VWUDQLHUR H SOHEHR H SHU JLXQWD
PHQGLFDQWH QRQ VDUHEEH PDL VWDWR DVFROWDWR GD QHVVXQR
VRODPHQWH VH SUHVXPHYD GL HVVHUVLVSRVDWRFRQXQDQRELOH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
H GL WURYDUVL LQ FRQGL]LRQH DJLDWD DYUHEEH SRWXWR HVVHUH
ULFHYXWR HG DVFROWDWR GDL 5H H GDL QRELOL GHOOD &RUWH FRPH
JLjJOLHUDVXFFHVVRLQ3RUWRJDOOR
/D OHJJHQGD QDUUD FKH IX ULFHYXWR GDO SDGUH JXDUGLDQR
$QWRQLR GH 0DUFKHQD FRVPRJUDIR H PROWR LQWHUHVVDWR
DOOD QDYLJD]LRQH H DOOH VFRSHUWH 7XWWL H GXH GLVFRUVHUR
OXQJDPHQWH ,O IUDWH UHVWz DPPLUDWR HG HQWXVLDVPDWR GDOOH
LGHH H GDL SURJHWWL GL &RORPER , IUDQFHVFDQL HUDQR VWDWL
VHPSUH PLVVLRQDUL SHUFRUUHQGR WXWWL L FDPPLQL GHO PRQGR
DOORUD FRQRVFLXWR H OD SRVVLELOLWj GL WURYDUH DOWUL SRSROL
VFRQRVFLXWL H FULVWLDQL]]DUOL DFFHVH OD VXD IDQWDVLD H OD VXD
IHGH 'D TXHO PRPHQWR LO SDGUH 0DUFKHQD VL FRQYHUWu
QHOO¶DQJHOR WXWHODUH GL &RORPER H OR DFFRPSDJQz QHO VXR
VHFRQGRYLDJJLR3UREDELOPHQWHIXOXLFKHORUDFFRPDQGzDL
5HFKHVLWURYDYDQRD6LYLJOLDHDLGXHQRELOLSLDXWRUHYROL
H SRWHQWL LQ TXHOOH WHUUH GHOO¶$QGDOXVLD LO GXFD GL 0HGLQD
6LGRQLDHLOGXFDGL0DGLQDFHOL
&RORPER ULGLVFHVH YHUVR OR VFDOR ODVFLDQGR ±VHPEUD ±VXR
ILJOLRLQFXVWRGLDDLIUDWL*LXQWRD6LYLJOLDSUHVHFRQWDWWRFRQ
OD QXPHURVD FRPXQLWj JHQRYHVH GHOOD FLWWj FRQ GHL SDUHQWL
GHL VXRL DQWLFKL SDGURQL JOL 6SuQROD &HQWXULRQH GL 1HJUR
'RULD3LQHOOL*ULPDOGL&DWWDQHR5LYDUROR*KHUDUGLHGDOWUL
)HFH YLVLWD D VXD FRJQDWD 9LRODQWH VSRVDWD FRQ 0LJXHO
0XOLDUW &KLVVj IX LO EDQFKLHUH JHQRYHVH *LDQQRWWR
%HUDUGL LO TXDOH RVSLWz &RORPER D FDVD VXD SHU TXDOFKH
WHPSRFKHJOLSHUPLVHGLVWDELOLUHLSULPLFRQWDWWLFRQLGXFKL
GL0HGLQD6LGRQLDH0HGLQDFHOL$&yUGRYDIXDLXWDWRDQFKH
GDL IUDWHOOL IDUPDFLVWL 6EDUURLD FRJQRPH VSDJQROL]]DWR LQ
(VEDUUR\DHGDXQDOWURPHPEURGHOODIDPLJOLD6SuQROD
'RQ(QULTXHGH*X]PiQGXFDGL0HGLQD6LGRQLD*UDQGHGL
6SDJQD HUD LO QRELOH SL ULFFR H SRWHQWH GHOO¶$QGDOXVLD
6¶LQWHUHVVzDOSURJHWWRGL&RORPERGDWRFKHHUDQRIUHTXHQWL
OHLQFXUVLRQLHUD]]LHGHOOHVXHQDYLHTXHOOHGHLVXRLVHJXDFL
R SURWHWWL VXOOH FRVWH DIULFDQH LQ FHUFD GL VFKLDYL H G¶RUR H
YROOH DLXWDUOR PD VHPEUD FKH L 5H QRQ HVVHQGRQH VWDWL
DYYLVDWLSUHYLDPHQWHVLRSSRVHUR
)XDOORUDODYROWDGLGRQ/XLVGHOD&HUGDGXFDGH0HGLQDFHOL
LO TXDOH QRQ VRODPHQWH OR WUDWWHQQH FRPH VXR RVSLWH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
PD FKH ±YLVWD O¶HVSHULHQ]D DQWHULRUH GL 0HGLQD 6LGRQLD± VL
GLUHVVHGLUHWWDPHQWHDL5HXQWDO&RORPERJOLDYHYDFKLHVWR
GHOOH QDYL H LO SHUPHVVR GL DWWUDYHUVDUH O¶2FHDQR LQ FHUFD
GHOOH ,QGLH SHUz JLXGLFDQGR FKH HUD XQD ULFKLHVWD WURSSR
LPSRUWDQWHDQFKHSHUXQQRELOHFRPHOXLODVFLDYDWXWWRDOOD
FRQVLGHUD]LRQHGHL5H
4XHVWDRIIHUWDGLSORPDWLFDHEEHHIIHWWROD5HJLQDJOLVFULVVH
FKHOHPDQGDVVHµTXHOO¶XRPR¶
2UDTXDOVLDVLSHUVRQDFRQGHQDURSRWHYDDYHUJOLGDWRTXHOOH
WUHRTXDWWURQDYLFKH&RORPERFKLHGHYDLQFOXVRJOL6SuQROD
HLGL1HJURPDHUDJLjSDVVDWRLOWHPSRGHOOHDYYHQWXUHH
VSHGL]LRQL SULYDWH LQ PDUH DSHUWR RUD HUD QHFHVVDULR LO
SHUPHVVR UHDOH LQFOXVR SHU SRWHU VXSHUDUH VHQ]D GDQQL H
SUREOHPL JOL RVWDFROL GHO IHUUHR EORFFR SRUWRJKHVH (UD OD
SURWH]LRQHHLOSHUPHVVRGHL5HFLzFKHFHUFDYD&RORPERLO
ILQDQ]LDPHQWR ±FRPH YHGUHPR ±IX XQD TXHVWLRQH
VHFRQGDULDFRQWUDULDPHQWHDTXHOORFKHVLVFULVVHHDQFRUD
JHQHUDOPHQWHVLVFULYH
&RORPER ILQDOPHQWH JLXQVH LQ SUHVHQ]D GHOOD 5HJLQD IRUVH
LQWURGRWWR GDOO¶$UFLYHVFRYR GL 7ROHGR SRL &DUGLQDOH GL
6SDJQD GRQ 3HGUR *RQ]iOH] GH 0HQGR]D ]LR GHO GXFD GL
0HGLQDFHOL H GD $OIRQVR GH 4XLQWDQLOOD DPPLQLVWUDWRUH H
UDJLRQLHUHPDJJLRUHGHLEHQLGHOOD&RURQD
(UDLOGLJHQQDLRGHOTXDQGR&RORPERHVSRVHOHVXH
WHRULH DL 5H QHOO¶$OFi]DU GL &RUGRYD 6HPEUD FKH LO UH
)HUQDQGRQRQQHULPDVHDIIDWWRLPSUHVLRQDWRHORFRQVLGHUz
XQR VWUDQLHUR EL]]DUUR H SRFR LQWHUHVVDQWH SHU O¶$UDJRQD
WXWWDSURWHVDYHUVRLOGRPLQLRGHO0HGLWHUUDQHR
,Q FDPELR OD UHJLQD ,VDEHOOD DPPLUDYD OD VXD IHGH OD VXD
LPPDJLQD]LRQHHLOVXRSURJHWWRGLGDUHDOOD&DVWLJOLDQXRYH
WHUUH HVSDQVLRQH YHUVR O¶2FHDQR OD FRQYHUVLRQH DO
FULVWLDQHVLPR GL PROWL DOWUL SRSROL HG DQFKH RWWHQHUH IXWXUH
ULFFKH]]HFKHVDUHEEHURVHUYLWHDOLEHUDUHLO6DQWR6HSROFUR
, 5H VL FRQVXOWDURQR FRQ L ORUR FRQVLJOLHUL PD QRQ SUHVHUR
GHFLVLRQHDOFXQD
$ &RUGRYD LQ PDJJLR FL IX XQ¶DOWUD LQWHUYLVWD H L 5H
SUREDELOPHQWH ULSHWHURQR D &RORPER OD SURYHUELDOH IUDVH
VSDJQROD³1RQFLVRQRSUREOHPLQHULSDUOHUHPRSUHVWR´
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
1HOPHQWUHD&RUGRYD&RORPERSUHQGHYDFRQWDWWLFRQDOWUH
SHUVRQH LPSRUWDQWL GHOOD FRPXQLWj JHQRYHVH FKH DELWDYD
QHOTXDUWLHUHGHOOD3RUWDGL)HUURVXOODULYDGHO*XDGDOTXLYLU
7DOLSHUVRQHHUDQRL6RODULR0RUDQGL*HQWLOH%DWWLVWD$XOR
HLIUDWHOOL/XFLDQRH/HRQDUGR6EDUURLDGLFXLJLjSDUODPPR
)X SUHFLVDPHQWH QHOOD IDUPDFLD GL TXHVWL GRYH &RORPER
FRQREEH'LHJRGH$UDQDR+DUDQDHVXDPRJOLH&RVWDQ]D
FKH OR LQYLWDURQR D FDVD ORUR H OH SUHVHQWDURQR XQD ORUR
FXJLQD %HDWULFH (QUtTXH] $UDQD FKH DYHYD YHQW¶DQQL
TXLQGLFL PHQR GL &RORPER RUIDQD GL JHQLWRUL FKH HUDQR
VWDWL YLQDL 6L IUHTXDQWDURQR H QHO QDFTXH )HUQDQGR
+HUQiQR+HUQDQGRILJOLRQDWXUDOH&RORPERQRQODVSRVz
WUDOHWDQWHVXSSRVL]LRQLHOHJJHQGHFKHVLWHVVHURDQFKHVX
TXHVWD IDFFHQGD FLz FKH q SL SUREDELOH q FKH ±FRPH
DIIHUPD 0RULVRQ ±QRQ OD YROOH VSRVDUH D FDXVD GHOOH VXH
FRQGL]LRQL SOHEHH ( TXHVWD GHY¶HVVHUH OD UDJLRQH SHU FXL
)HUQDQGR VHPSUH FRVu RUJRJOLRVR H GLIHQVRUH GL VXR SDGUH
QRQPHQ]LRQDPDLVXDPDGUH2JQLHSRFDqSURSULRVFKLDYD
GHLVXRLSUHJLXGL]L
1RQ RVWDQWH %HDWULFH DLXWz HFRQRPLFDPHQWH &RORPER VL
SUHVH FXUD GL VXR ILJOLR 'LHJR SRL VSDUu GDOOD VWRULD H QRQ
VHQWLUHPR SL SDUODUH GL OHL FRQ HFFH]LRQH GHO WHVWDPHQWR
,QIDWWL QHO WHVWDPHQWR &RORPER SHU FHUWL VFUXSROL GL
FRVFLHQ]DOHODVFLDXQDSHQVLRQHYLWDOL]LD
6LFFRPH L 5H VL VSRVWDYDQR FRQWLQXDPHQWH GD XQD FLWWj D
XQ¶DOWUD DQFKH D FDXVD GHOOD JXHUUD FRQWUR *UDQDGD
ULWRUQDQGR D &RUGRYD ULFHYHWWHUR QXRYDPHQWH &RORPER H
QRPLQDURQR XQD FRPPLVVLRQH GL VDJJL DIILQFKp
O¶DVFROWDVVHURHGHVVHURLOORURSXQWRGLYLVWDGHILQLWLYR
&RPH FRRUGLQDWRUH GL GHWWD FRPPLVVLRQH IX QRPLQDWR LO
SDGUH)HUQDQGRGL7DODYHUDSULRUHGL3UDGRXRPRGLILGXFLD
HFRQIHVVRUHGHOOD5HJLQDLOTXDOHULXQuVDJJLJHQWHGLPDUH
H VWXGLRVL 'L TXHVWL VL FRQRVFRQR VROR L QRPL GL 5RGULJR
0DOGRQDGR FKH IX FRQWUDULR D &RORPER H GL $QGUHD GL
9LOODOyQ
/DFRPPLVVLRQHVLULXQuYDULHYROWHHLQFLWWjGLYHUVHGRYHYD
LQIDWWL VHJXLUH L 5H H OD ORUR &RUWH QHL ORUR VSRVWDPHQWL /D
VWRULDGHILQLVFHFRPHXQDGHOOHULXQLRQLSLLPSRUWDQWLTXHOOD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GL 6DODPDQFD QHOOD TXDOH 'LHJR 'H]D SULRUH GHO FRQYHQWR
GRPHQLFDQR FKH RVSLWDYD &RORPER VL GLPRVWUz IDYRUHYROH
DO SURJHWWR PHQWUH GHFLVDPHQWH FRQWUDULR IX )HUQDQGR GL
7DODYHUD
&RORPER VL WURYz GL IURQWH D XQ¶LQFUHGXOLWj TXDVL JHQHUDOH
FKHDYROWHJLXQJHYDDOODEXUODHDOVDUFDVPR
7UDVFRUVHURQRYHPHVLODGHFLVLRQHILQDOHGHOODFRPPLVVLRQH
DQFRUDQRQHUDVWDWDFRQVHJQDWDDL5HFRPXQTXH&RORPER
ULFHYHWWH FRPH SHUVRQD DO VHUYL]LR UHDOH
PDUDYHGtHV VHJXLURQR DOWUL SDJDPHQWL SHUz OD GHFLVLRQH
ILQDOH VL ULPDQGz D XQ DOWUR µGRPDQL PLJOLRUH¶ 5LFHYHQGR
GHQDUR&RORPERV¶LPSHJQDYDDULVSHWWDUHLGLULWWLGHL5HHD
QRQRIIULUHLOVXRSURJHWWRDGDOWULPRQDUFKL
³4XHVWL VLJQRUL DIIHUPDQR ±VFULVVH &RORPER D
SURSRVLWRGHLPHPEULGHOODFRPPLVVLRQHFKHQRQVRQRXQ
XRPRFROWRFKHVRQRXQPDULQDLRLJQRUDQWH´
9HUDPHQWH &RORPER EDVDYD OD VXD WHRULD LQ EDVH DOOD
VIHULFLWjGHOODWHUUDHLQFLzWXWWLLVDJJLHUDQRG¶DFFRUGRPD
TXDQGR VL ULIHULYD D XQ¶LSRWHWLFD GLVWDQ]D GD OXL FDOFRODWD
WUDOD6SDJQDHO¶$VLDLVDJJLVLEXUODYDQRGLOXLDIIHUPDQGR
RJJL VDSSLDPR FKH DYHYDQR UDJLRQH FKH WDOH GLVWDQ]D
GRYHYD HVVHUH PDJJLRUH H GL PROWR &¶HUD DQFKH XQ DOWUR
SXQWR VXO TXDOH LQVLVWHYDQR L VDJJL QRQ VFLHQWLILFR PD
UHOLJLRVR,QTXHOO¶HSRFDODUHOLJLRQHGRYHYDSUHQGHUVLPROWR
PD PROWR LQ VHULR $ULVWRWHOH H VDQW¶$JRVWLQR DYHYDQR
DIIHUPDWR FKH LO UHVWR GHO PRQGR HUD LQDELWDELOH FKH
HVLVWHYD XQ YXRWR DJOL DQWLSRGL H FKH LO 0DUH 7HQHEURVR
LQJKLRWWLYDJOLXRPLQL1HOPLJOLRUHGHLFDVLDWWUDYHUVDQGROD
OLQHD HTXDWRULDOH OH QDYL DYUHEEHUR QDYLJDWR LQ GLVFHVD D
FDXVDGHOODVIHULFLWjGHOODWHUUDHQRQDYUHEEHURPDLSRWXWR
QDYLJDUHLQVDOLWDSHUWRUQDUVHQHDFDVDQHSSXUHFRQWXWWLL
YHQWLIDYRUDELOL
/D FRPPLVVLRQH QRQ FRQRVFHYD R QRQ FUHGHWWH DO YHVFRYR
$OHVVDQGUR *HUDOGLQL FKH DIIHUPDYD FKH $ULVWRWHOH H
VDQW¶$JRVWLQR QRQ HUDQR VWDWL UHDOPHQWH EXRQL JHRJUDIL 6H
&RORPER QRQ IRVVH VWDWR XQ FUHGHQWH GLFKLDUDWR H
ULFRQRVFLXWR H SURWHWWR GDL IUDQFHVFDQL H GDL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GRPHQLFDQL SUREDELOPHQWH VDUHEEH VWDWR FRQVLGHUDWR XQ
HUHWLFR
1HJOLDQQLH&RORPERFRQWLQXzDQXWULUVLGL
SURPHVVH VHJXHQGR OD UHDOH &RSSLD QHL VXRL FRQWLQXL
VSRVWDPHQWL
9LVLWDQGR LO VDQWXDULR GL 1RVWUD 6LJQRUD GL *XDGDOXSH LQ
(VWUHPDGXUDSURPLVHGLGHGLFDUOHWHUUHRLVROHFKHDYUHEEH
VFRSHUWR 3HU SRWHUVL PDQWHQHUH VL GHGLFz DO FRPPHUFLR GL
OLEULVWUDQLHULD6LYLJOLDDOFXQLGLTXHVWLOLEULFRQDOPDUJLQH
QRWH GL VXR SXJQR VL WURYDQR RJJL QHOOD IDPRVD %LEOLRWHFD
&RORPELDQD
*LjVILGXFLDWRVFULVVHDOUH*LRYDQQL,,GHO3RUWRJDOORLO
TXDOH DFFHWWz GL ULYHGHUOR SHU ULSDUODUH GHO SURJHWWR )RUVH
&RORPER ULWRUQz D /LVERQD R IRUVH PDQGz VXR IUDWHOOR
%DUWRORPHRPDLO5HFLDYHYDULSHQVDWRGDWRFKHQHO
%HUWRORPHR 'LD] DYHYD ILQDOPHQWH DSHUWR LO FDPPLQR YHUVR
OH,QGLHGRSSLDQGRLO&DSRGL%XRQD6SHUDQ]D
1HOL5HVLWURYDYDQRD%D]DFRQWXWWRLOORURHVHUFLWR
JXHUUHJJLDQGR FRQWUR L PRUL H F¶q FKL VFULVVH FKH &RORPER
HUD FRQ ORUR H SUHVH SDUWH FRUDJJLRVDPHQWH D TXDOFKH
D]LRQHEHOOLFDDOOHSRUWHGL*UDQDGD
&RORPER D -DpQ ULYLGH OD 5HJLQD JUD]LH DOOH LQVLVWHQWL
SUHJKLHUHGHLFRUWLJLDQLGRQ'LHJR'H]D'RQQD*LRYDQQDGL
7RUUHVHG$OIRQVR4XLQWDQLOOD)LQDOPHQWHQHOJLXQVHOD
GHFLVLRQHQHJDWLYDGHOODFRPPLVVLRQHGHLVDJJLFRPXQLFDWD
DOOD 5HJLQD GDO SDGUH )HUQDQGR GL 7DODYHUD , VDJJL
JLXGLFDYDQR WURSSR ULVFKLRVR O¶DWWUDYHUVDUH LO 0DUH
7HQHEURVRHXQVLIIDWWRYLDJJLRDOOH,QGLHVDUHEEHGXUDWRSHU
OR PHQR WUH DQQL H QRQ TXDOFKH VHWWLPDQD FRPH GLFHYD
&RORPER SHUFLz QRQ HVLVWHYD QHVVXQD QDYH FKH DYUHEEH
SRWXWRWUDVSRUWDUHYLYHULVXIILFLHQWL,QFHUWRVHQVRHUDYHUR
H &RORPER QRQ VDUHEEH PDL DUULYDWR LQ QHVVXQD SDUWH VH
QRQ DYHVVH DYXWR OD IRUWXQD G¶LPEDWWHUVL LQ XQ FRQWLQHQWH
LQWUXVRFKHJOLVEDUUzLOSDVVR
/D 5HJLQD FRQ XQD FHUWD LQWXL]LRQH IHPPLQLOH GLVVH D
&RORPER FKH DYHVVH DQFRUD XQ SR¶ GL SD]LHQ]D ILQR DOOD
UHVD GL *UDQDGD PD TXHVWL JLj VILGXFLDWR H IRUVH DQFKH D
FRUWR GL GDQDUR PDQGz VXR IUDWHOOR %HUWRORPHR LQ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,QJKLOWHUUDDGRIIULUHLOVXRSURJHWWRDOUH(QULFR9,,SDGUH
GHO IXWXUR (QULFR 9,,, %DUWRORPHR GLVHJQz GHOOH FDUWH
QDXWLFKH H IHFH XQ PDSSDPRQGR SHU LO 5H FKH VL FRQVHUYD
DQFRUD FRQ LO VXR QRPH H OD VXD RULJLQH JHQRYHVH 3RL
VWDQFR GL SURSRUUH VHQ]D VXFFHVVR LO SURJHWWR DO 0RQDUFD
SDVVz LQ )UDQFLD GRYH DUULYz GRSR YDUL GDWR FKH IX
FDWWXUDWRGDLSLUDWL/DYRUzFRPHFDUWRJUDIRD)RQWDLQHEOHDX
H SURSRVH LQXWLOPHQWH LO SURJHWWR GL VXR IUDWHOOR DO UH &DUOR
9,,,
)UDWWDQWR &RORPER UHJUHVz D OD 5iELGD H FRQYLQVH LO SULRUH
-XiQ3pUH]DVFULYHUHDOOD5HJLQDODTXDOHJOLPDQGzGDQDUR
DIILQFKpVLSUHVHQWDVVHDOODVXDSUHVHQ]DQHOODUHDOHFLWWjGL
6DQWDIp FRVWu &RORPER IX SUHVHQWH DOOD UHVD GL *UDQDGD H
LQ SUHVHQ]D GHL 5H H GRSR YDUL DQQL GL DPDUH HVSHULHQ]H
JLRFzOHGXHFDUWHFKHDYHYDQHOODPDQLFDSHUSHQHWUDUHQHO
FXRUH H QHOOD PHQWH GHL 0RQDUFKL FRQ ,VDEHOOD TXHOOD GHOOD
FRQYHUVLRQH DO FULVWLDQHVLPR GL FHQWLQDLD GL PLJOLDLD GL
SDJDQLULFXSHUDQGRFRVuOHORURDQLPHFRQ)HUQDQGRTXHOOD
GHOOD ULFFKH]]D FKH VL VDUHEEH WURYDWD QHOO¶LPSHUR GHO *UDQ
.KDQ H GHL IDYRORVL DIIDUL FKH DYUHEEHUR DUULFFKLWR OD
&DVWLJOLDHO¶$UDJRQD0DD)HUQDQGRUHDOLVWDHSUDWLFRQRQ
SLDFHYD JLRFDUH FRQ OD IRUWXQD QRQ YROHYD SHUPHWWHUH
XQ¶DYYHQWXUD ULVFKLRVD FKH DYHYD FRPH VFRSR GL FHUFDU GL
VFRSULUH TXDOFRVD YROHYD VRWWUDUUH DL SRUWRJKHVL L ULFFKL
PHUFDWL GHOOH ,QGLH H FKLHVH D &RORPERFKHJDUDQ]LHHFKH
SURYH VFLHQWLILFKH SRWHYD GDUJOL (G HUD SUHFLVDPHQWH FLz
FKHTXHVWLQRQSRWHYDGDUJOL
6L GHWWH O¶RUGLQH GL IRUPDUH XQD QXRYD FRPPLVVLRQH GL
VDJJL OD TXDOH ±FRQVLGHUDQGR L GHVLGHUL H OH VLPSDWLH GHOOD
5HJLQD ±JLXQVH DOOD FRQFOXVLRQH GL GLFKLDUDUH FKH SHU
TXDQWRIRVVHURDVVXUGHOHLGHHHLSURJHWWLGL&RORPERL5H
QRQ DYHYDQR QXOOD GD SHUGHUH VH OR DLXWDYDQR D UHDOL]]DUOL
,Q FRQFOXVLRQH VL WUDWWDYD GL ULVFKLDUH WUH QDYLFHOOH OD TXDOL
SRWHYDQR EHQLVVLPR HVVHUH HTXLSDJJLDWH HG DOOHVWLWH LQ
PLQLPDSDUWHFRQGDQDURGHOOD&RURQD7UHQDYLFHOOHJHWWDWH
DOODVRUWHFRPHGHLGDGLJLRFDQGRDOWXWWRRDOQLHQWH(LO
WXWWRSRWHYDEHQLVVLPRHVVHUHPROWLVVLPRWHUUHIHUPHLVROH
ULFFKHLIDYRORVLWHVRULGHOOH,QGLHFKHVLVDUHEEHURUDJJLXQWL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DSUHQGR XQ FDPPLQR GLYHUVR GD TXHOOR GHL SRUWRJKHVL
PHQWUHLOQLHQWHVLJQLILFDYDULPDQHUHQHOODVWHVVDVLWXD]LRQH
SUHVHQWH Qp SL ULFFKL Qp SL SRYHUL LQIDWWL DYUHEEH
UDSSUHVHQWDWRVRORO¶LQVLJQLILFDQWHSHUGLGDGHOOHWUHQDYLFHOOH
HGHJOLHTXLSDJJLFRPSUHVR&RORPER
6L DYYHUWu &RORPER GHOOD GHFLVLRQH SUHVD DOORUD L 5H
GRYHWWHUR DVVLVWHUH D XQD VFHQD FKH QRQ VL VDUHEEHUR PDL
DVSHWWDWDLQYHFHGLSUHVHQWDUVLDOORURFRVSHWWRXQDSHUVRQD
FKH VFRSSLDYD GDOOD JLRLD H FKH VL SURVWUDYD LQ
ULQJUD]LDPHQWL VL WURYDURQR GL IURQWH XQ LQGLYLGXR FKH
LPSDVVLELOHYROHYDLPSRUUHOHVXHFRQGL]LRQL
&RPH RVDYD FRPH VL SHUPHWWHYD TXHVWR PLVHUDELOH
VWUDQLHURGLHVVHUHFRVuLQVROHQWH"
0D &RORPER EHQ FRQRVFHYD SHU HVSHULHQ]D SHUVRQDOH
TXDQWRYDOHYDQROHSURPHVVHHODJUDWLWXGLQHGHJOLXRPLQLH
SLHUDQRSRWHQWLSHJJLRVLFRPSRUWDYDQRVLFROORFDYDQRDO
GL VRSUD GHOOH OHJJL FKH WUDVJUHGLYDQR FRQWLQXDPHQWH H
LPSXQHPHQWH &RVLFFKp HUD PHJOLR FKLHGHU PROWR FRVu
TXDOFRVD JOL VDUHEEH SXU ULPDVWR VH LQYHFH VL GLPRVWUDYD
PRGHVWR H FKLHGHYD SRFR HUD SRVVLELOH FKH DO ILQDOH QRQ
DYUHEEHULFHYXWRXQEHOQXOOD(UHDOPHQWHVXFFHGLzSURSULR
FRVu EHQ SRFD FRVDULFHYHWWHGLWXWWRFLzFKHDYHYDFKLHVWR
DO SULQFLSLR XQ PRGHVWR FDSLWDOH GD ODVFLDUH DL VXRL ILJOL H
PROWL WLWROL RQRULILFL VFDUVDPHQWH SURGXWWLYL SHU VXR QLSRWH
GRQ/XLJLDPPLUDJOLRGHO0DU2FHDQRYLFHUHHJRYHUQDWRUH
GHOOH WHUUH H LVROH VFRSHUWH GXFD GL 9HUDJXD PDUFKHVH GL
*LDPDLFD*UDQGHGL6SDJQDHFF
&KLVVj&RORPERVLULFRUGzDQFKHGL3HUHVWUHOORORVFRSULWRUH
GLLVROHDOTXDOHLOULQJUD]LDPHQWRUHDOHJLXQVHDOSXQWRGL
QRPLQDUOR JRYHUQDWRUH G¶XQ LVROHWWD VFDUVD G¶DFTXD H SL
DQFRUDGLUHQGLWH,QROWUHLOVXRYLDJJLRHUDFRVuSHULFRORVRH
LQVLFXUR FKH VDUHEEH SRWXWR VFRPSDULUH QHOO¶2FHDQR R
VDUHEEH SRWXWR ULWRUQDUH VFRQILWWR LQ HQWUDPEL L FDVL L VXRL
ILJOLQRQDYUHEEHURULFHYXWRXQFHQWHVLPRGDOOD&RURQD
&RORPER QHSSXUH VL VRJQDYD GL VFRSULUH XQ FRQWLQHQWH
SHQVDYD VROR GL VFRSULUH LVROH DVLDWLFKH ULFFKH G¶RUR H GL
VSH]LHHVWDELOLUHFRQWDWWLFRPPHUFLDOLFRQO¶LPSHURGHO*UDQ
.KDQ ,QIDWWL HUD SL FKH ORJLFR SHQVDUH FKH LQ *LDSSRQH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&LQD HG ,QGLD QRQ DYUHEEH SRWXWR IDU YDOHUH L GLULWWL FKH JOL
FRQIHULYDQR OH µFDSLWROD]LRQL¶ UHDOL VSDJQROH $O PDVVLPR
DYUHEEHSRWXWRFRPPHUFLDUHFRQTXHOOHQD]LRQLHULFHYHUHOH
VXHFRPPLVVLRQL
)RUVHIXURQRTXHVWHOHVXHFRQVLGHUD]LRQLFHUWDPHQWHPROWR
UHDOLVWLFKH LQGLSHQGHQWHPHQWH GDOOH XPLOLD]LRQL ULHYXWH LQ
TXHJOLXOWLPLDQQLG¶DWWHVDUDFFRPDQGDQGRVLSHUULFHYHUH
IDYRUL LQ WHUUH VWUDQLHUH VRSSRUWDQGR EXUOH H LUULVLRQL H
UHQGHQGRVL FRQWR FRPH UHDOPHQWH ³VL FRPH VD GL VDOH OR
SDQH DOWUXL H FRPH q GXUR FDOOH OR VFHQGHU H µO VDOLU SHU
O¶DOWUXLVFDOH´
0D TXDOL HUDQR OH ULFKLHVWH GL &RORPER FKH DQFRUD YDUL
VFULWWRUL VRSUDWWXWWR VSDJQROL FRQVLGHUDQR HVDJHUDWH R
DVVXUGH" , VHJXHQWL WUH SXQWL HUDQR TXHOOL FKH L 5H QRQ
YROHYDQRFRQFHGHUJOL
9ROHYD TXH VL DJJLXQJHVVH DO VXR QRPH LO WLWROR GL
ULJXDUGR VSDJQROR GL µGRQ¶ 7DOH WLWXOR QRQ HUD FRPH
RJJL FRVu VYDOXWDWR LQ RJQL PRGR QRQ FRVWDYD QXOOD DL
5HFRQFHGHUJOLHOR
(VVHUHQRPLQDWRDPPLUDJOLRGHO0DU2FHDQR2JJLJLRUQR
TXHVWR WLWROR q XQ JUDGR GHOOD PDULQD PLOLWDUH FKH
FRUULVSRQGHDJHQHUDOHQHOO¶HVHUFLWR6HPEUDFKHIXURQRL
JHQRYHVL L SULPL DG XVDUOR QHO VHQVR GL FRPDQGDQWH
G¶XQD IORWWD H SHUFLz SRWHYD VLJQLILFDUH PROWR R PROWR
SRFRWXWWRGLSHQGHYDGHOO¶LPSRUWDQ]DHGDOQXPHURGHOOH
QDYL FKH DYUHEEH FRPDQGDWR LQ XQ GHWHUPLQDWR
PRPHQWR FRQ LO SHUPHVVR UHDOH ,QROWUH 0RULVRQ VFULYH
FKH DOO¶HSRFD GL &RORPER DPPLUDJOLR HUD FROXL FKH
DYHYD XQD JLXULVGL]LRQH VXOO¶2FHDQR H QRQ HUD LO
FRPDQGDQWH G¶XQD IORWWD D FKL OD FRPDQGDYD VL
FRQFHGHYDLOWLWRORGL&DSLWDQR*HQHUDOH(ULVSRQGHQGRD
TXHJOL VFULWWRUL FKH DIIHUPDQR FKH TXHVWR WLWROR QRQ VL
GRYHYD FRQFHGHUH D XQR VWUDQLHUR IDFFLDPR QRWDUH FKH
OD 6SDJQD HEEH SULPD H GRSR GL &RORPER DPPLUDJOL
LWDOLDQLFKHFRPDQGDURQROHVXHIORWWHO
(VVHUH QRPLQDWR *RYHUQDWRUH GHOOH WHUUH FKH DYUHEEH
VFRSHUWR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
$QFKH LQ TXHVWR FDVR HVLVWHYDQR QXPHURVL SUHFHGHQWL
/D6SDJQDHLO3RUWRJDOORFRQFHVVHURTXHVWRWLWRORDYDUL
VWUDQLHULVFRSULWRULGLLVROHFRPHQHOFDVRGL3HUHVWUHOOR
%LVRJQDDQFKHFRQVLGHUDUHFKHVH&RORPERQRQDYUHEEH
VFRSHUWR QLHQWH VDUHEEH VWDWR *RYHUQDWRUH G¶XQ EHQ
QXOOD&KHSRLVFRSULVVHTXDOFRVDGLµJUDQGH¶SLJUDQGH
GHOO¶(XURSD H DQFKH GHOO¶$IULFD QHVVXQR VH OR VRJQDYD
PLQLPDPHQWH Qp OD 5HJLQD Qp&RORPERORVHSSHURROR
VXSSRVHURPDL
(UDSLFKHORJLFRFKH&RORPERFKLHGHVVHSULYLOHJLFRPH
UHQGLWHHVWLSHQGLDGHJXDWLDOOHFDULFKHHWLWROLULFHYXWLH
LO GLULWWR GL SUHVHQWDUH DL 5H XQD WHUQD GL QRPL SHU L
UDSSUHVHQWDQWLDPPLQLVWUDWLYLHJLXGL]LDUL
,QYHFH L 5H HUDQR GLVSRVWL D FRQFHGHUJOL TXHVWH DOWUH
ULFKLHVWH
FRQFHGHUJOL XQ GL WXWWH OH ULFFKH]]H FKH DYUHEEH
WURYDWR HVHQWL GD VSHVH H WDVVH FRPH HUD DELWXGLQH
GHOO¶HSRFD
VLFFRPH TXDOFXQR GHOOD &RUWH REELHWWz FKH HUD WURSSR
GDWR FKH &RORPER QRQ DSSRUWDYD Qp ULVFKLDYD QXOOD
VDOYR OD VXD YLWD TXHVWL RIIUu FRQWULEXLUH FRQ XQ
DOOHVSHVHGHOOHWUHQDYLULFHYHQGRLQFDPELRO¶GHOOD
YHQGLWD GHOOH PHUFL FKH DYUHEEH FRPSUDWR H WUDVSRUWDWR
GLULWRUQRGDOVXRRGDLVXRLYLDJJLR
&KLHVH DQFKH YLYHULSHUXQDQQRFKHL5HJOLQHJDURQR
PD SRL DFFHWWDURQR TXDQGR 6DQWiQJHO VL RIIUu GL SDJDUOL
OXL
, 5H YROOHUR PHUFDQWHJJLDUH PD &RORPER LQVLVWHWWH QHOOH
VXH ULFKLHVWH R WXWWR R QLHQWH 6DOXWz PRQWz D FDYDOOR H
VH QH DQGz YHUVR 6LYLJOLD IRUVH FRQ LO SURSRVLWR GL
UDJJLXQGHUHVXRIUDWHOORLQ)UDQFLD
$ TXHVWR SXQWR VHPEUD FKH 6DQWiQJHO WHVRULHUH UHDOH
'LHJR 'H]D -XiQ 3pUH] %HDWUL] +HUQiQGH] PDUFKHVD GL
0R\D%HDWUL]3HUD]DGH%REDGLOODHLFRQVLJOLHUL4XLQWDQLOOD
H &DEUHUD FRQYLQVHUR L 5H FKH DFFHWWDVVH FLz FKH
&RORPER ULFKLHGHYD 1RQ VDSSLDPR TXDOL IXURQR L ORUR
DUJRPHQWL GHFLVLYL IRUVH IX VXIILFLHQWH OD GHFLVLRQH GL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
WHQHUHVHJUHWLLWHUPLQLGHOOHµFDSLWROD]LRQL¶ILQRDOJLRUQRLQ
FXL VL VDUHEEHUR FRQRVFLXWL L ULVXOWDWL GHOOD VSHGL]LRQH ,Q
FDVR GL VXFFHVVR VL VDUHEEHUR UHVH SXEEOLFKH OH
µFDSLWROD]LRQL¶FRPHµJUD]LRVHFRQFHVVLRQLGHL5H¶
6DUHEEH WURSSR PDOLJQR SHQVDUH FKH TXDOFXQR VXJJHUu D
)HUQDQGRROXLVWHVVRVLULFRUGzTXHOSURYHUELRVSDJQROR
µ3URPHWHUQRHPSREUHFH¶"
&RORPER IX UDJJLXQWR GDOOH JXDUGLH UHDOL H ULFRQGRWWR
LQGLHWUR
,O DSULOH GHO VL ILUPDURQR OH µFDSLWROD]LRQL¶FKH
IXURQRUHJLVWUDWHGDOVHJUHWDULRGLVWDWR-XiQGH&RORPDD
QRPHGL)HUQDQGRH'RQQD,VDEHOODSHUJUD]LDGL'LR5HH
5HJLQD GL &DVWLJOLD GL /HyQ G¶$UDJRQD GL 6LFLOLD GL
*UDQDGD GL 7ROHGR GL 9DOHQFLD GL *DOL]LD GL 0DLRUFD GL
0LQRUFD GL 6LYLJOLD GL 6DUGHJQD GL &RUVLFD GL 0XUVLD GL
-DpQ G¶$JDUEH G¶$OJHVLUDV GL *LELOWHUUD H GHOOH LVROH
&DQDULH FRQWH H FRQWHVVD GL %DUFHOORQD VLJQRUL GL
%LVFDJOLD H GL 0ROLQD GXFKL G¶$WHQH H GL 1HRSDWULD FRQWL
GHO5RVHJOLRQHHGHOOD6DUGHJQDPDUFKHVLGL2ULVWDQRHGL
*RVLDQR
6L FRQVHJQDURQR D &RORPER WUH OHWWHUH GL SUHVHQWD]LRQH
XQDSHULO.XELODL.KDQR*UDQ.KDQFKHJLjHUDPRUWR
QHO HQHSSXUHODVXDGLQDVWLDPRQJRODLPSHUDYDSL
LQ &LQD H DOWUH GXH OHWWHUH DSHUWH GLUHWWH D FKL &RORPER
DYUHEEHULWHQXWRFRQYHQLHQWH
,O VRJQR GL &RORPER VWDYD ILQDOPHQWH SHU UHDOL]]DUVL ,Q
TXHO PRPHQWR HUD O¶XQLFD FRVDFKHJO¶LPSRUWDYD,OSUH]]R
FKH DYHYD SDJDWR H FKH DYUHEEH GRYXWR SDJDUH LQ
VHJXLWR IX PDJJLRUH GL FLz FKH DYHYD FKLHVWR H GL JUDQ
OXQJDVXSHULRUHGLFLzFKHULFHYHWWHGDL5H
$YHYD VXSHUDWR L OXQJKL DQQL G¶XPLOLD]LRQL PRUWLILFD]LRQL
LQXWLOLDWWHVHGLVXSSOLFKHHGRUDVLVHQWLYDVXSHULRUH
DOODPHVFKLQLWjJHQHUDOHGHJOLXRPLQLPDUHVWDQGRVHPSUH
IHGHOHDL5HPDOJUDGRWXWWRUHDOLVWDTXDQGRVLWUDWWDYDGL
IDU YDOHUH L VXRL GLULWWL H WHVWDUGR QHO QRQ FHGHUH QHSSXUH
XQDEULFLRODGLWXWWRFLzFKHFRQVLGHUDYDHVVHUHVXRGLULWWR
)LQDOPHQWH VL FRPLQFLz DG DOOHVWLUH OD VSHGL]LRQH ,Q
GHILQLWLYD FKL OD ILQDQ]Lz" ,O FRPXQH GL 3DORV L
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
EDQFKLHUL JHQRYHVL H ILRUHQWLQL FRQ LO ORUR VRFLR 6DQWiQJHO
ORVWHVVR&RORPERHGDOWULDQFRUDO
&RQ UHOD]LRQH DL 5H OR VWHVVR &RORPR ODVFLz VFULWWR ³1RQ
YROOHUR GDU QXOOD FRQ HFFH]LRQH GL XQ PLOLRQH GL
PDUDYHGtHVHGLRGRYHWWLSDJDULOUHVWR´
%
3DORV VL WURYD D FKLORPHWUL FLUFD GD +XHOYD GRYH
VHFRQGR DOFXQL VFULWWRUL YLYHYD XQD FRJQDWD GL
&RORPER*UDQ]RWWRVFULYHFKHYLDELWDYD3LHWUR&RUUHD
PDULWR G¶XQD VRUHOOD GL )HOLSD $OWUL ELRJUDIL DIIHUPDQR
FKH YL DELWDYD XQ¶DOWUD VRUHOOD GL )HOLSD FKLDPDWD
9LRODQWH H VSRVDWD FRQ LO ILDPPLQJR 0LFKHOH 0XOOHU
VSDJQROL]]DWR LQ 0XOLDUW 0RULVRQ VFULVVH FKH D +XHOYD
YLYHYDXQDVRUHOODGL)HOLSDVSRVDWDFRQXQRVSDJQROR
PHQWUH 9ROWHV SDUOD GL GXH VRUHOOH GL )HOLSD XQD D
+XHOYDHXQ¶DOWUD9LRODQWHLQ0XOLDUWD6LYLJOLD
&RORPER VLQ GD EDPELQR IX GHYRWR D VDQ )UDQFHVFR
G¶$VVLVL YDUL VFULWWRUL DIIHUPDQR FKH DSSDUWHQHYD
DOO¶RUGLQHGHL7HU]LDUL
5iELGD q XQ QRPH DUDER H VLJQLILFD IRUWH]]D GL
IURQWLHUD
$OFXQL ELRJUDIL DIIHUPDQR FKH &RORPER FRQREEH DQFKH
LOSULRUH-XiQ3pUH]FKHPROWRORDLXWzSRVWHULRUPHQWH
SHUzVHFRQGRDOWULORFRQREEHPROWRSLWDUGLIRUVHQHO
6HEEHQH L 0HGLQDFHOL HUDQR PROWR PHQR ULFFKL GHL
0HGLQD6LGRQLDSRVVHGHYDQRDQFRUDQHO
HWWDULGLWHUUHQHOVXGGHOOD6SDJQD
0LFKHOH0XOLDUWR0RO\DUWDFFRPSDJQz&RORPERQHOVXR
VHFRQGRYLDJJLRULWRUQzFRQLOJUXSSRGHJOLVFRQWHQWLH
GLVLOOXVLUHVWDQGRGHELWRUHDVXRFRJQDWRGLXQDVRPPD
FKHJOLDYHYDSUHVWDWR0DOJUDGRFLz&RORPERVLULFRUGz
GL9LRODQWHQHOVXRWHVWDPHQWRFRQFHGHQGROHXQODVFLWR
1HO PDU]R GHO TXDQGR &RORPER HUD WRUQDWR GDO
VXR SULPRYLDJJLRLOGXFDGL0HGLQDFHOLLQIRUPDYDVXR
]LR LO FDUGLQDOH GL 6SDJQD GRQ 3HGUR *RQ]iOH] GH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
0HQGR]D FRQVLJOLHUH GHL 5H FKH DYHYD RVSLWDWR H
UDFFRPDQGDWR &RORPER VFULYHQGR LO FRJQRPH LQ
LWDOLDQR /D OHWWHUD FRPLQFLD FRVu ³1RQ VR VH VD
9RVWUD 6LJQRULD FKH KR DYXWR D FDVD PLD SHU PROWR
WHPSR &ULVWyEDO &RORPER FKH YHQLYD GDO 3RUWRJDOOR H
YROHYDDQGDUVHQHGDO5HGL)UDQFLDDIILQFKpORDLXWDVVH
DUDJJLXQJHUHOH,QGLH´
$ FDXVD GL TXHVWR µSHFFDWXFFLR¶ &RORPER SHUVH
O¶RSSRUWXQLWj GL HVVHUH EHDWLILFDWR 1HO 3LR ,;
FRPLQFLz LO SURFHVVR GL EHDWLILFD]LRQH ULFKLHVWR GD EHQ
YHVFRYL
*LjV¶qGHWWRFKHFRQIHVVRUHGHOOD5HJLQDHUDXQWLWROR
RQRULILFRHPROWLUHOLJLRVLLPSRUWDQWLQHHUDQRLQVLJQLWL
1RQ VROR L FRJQRPL PD DQFKH OH SDUROH VWHVVH
FDPELDYDQR FRQWLQXDPHQWH DOOR VFULYHUOH VRYHQWH
DQFKH QHJOL VFULWWL G¶XQD VWHVVD SHUVRQD GDWR FKH QRQ
HUDQRVWDWHDQFRUDIRQGDWHOHDFFDGHPLHGHOOHOLQJXHH
QRQHVLVWHYDQRUHJROHRUWRJUDILFKH4XDQGR$QWRQLRGH
/HEULMD TXH DYHYD VWXGLDWR LQ ,WDOLD QHOO¶XQLYHUVLWj GL
%RORJQD FRQVHJQz DOOD 5HJLQD OD SULPD JUDPPDWLFD
VSDJQROD SXEEOLFDWD D 6DODPDQFD LO DJRVWR GHO
TXHVWDGLVVHDOO¶DXWRUH³0DDFKHFRVDVHUYH"´
9HVFRYR GL 9ROWHUUD DO VHUYL]LR GHL 5H IX LO SULPR
YHVFRYRGHOOD6SDJQRODGRYHPRUuQHO
&RORPER DQGDYD D PHVVD RJQL GRPHQLFD VL
FRPXQLFDYDIDFHYDYRWLHSHQLWHQ]H%DUWRORPpGHODV
&DVDV VFULVVH FKH HUD FDWWROLFR PROWR GHYRWR SUHJDYD
DG RJQL RUD FDQRQLFD QRQ EHVWHPPLDYD LQYRFDYD
FRQWLQXDPHQWH OD 6DQWLVVLPD 7ULQLWj FRPLQFLDYDLVXRL
VFULWWLFRQµ-HVXVFXP0DULDVLWQRELVLQYLD¶
&RORPER FKLHVH DO UH *LRYDQQL ,, XQ VDOYDFRQGRWWR
SHU SRWHU ULWRUQDUH LQ 3RUWRJDOOR 6L q VSHFRODWR PROWR
VX TXHVWR IDWWR H JOL VWXGLRVL VL VRQR VEL]]DUULWL LQ
VXSSRVL]LRQLDYHYDODVFLDWRGHLGHELWLD/LVERQD"6¶HUD
LPPLVFKLDWR LQ TXDOFKH FRQJLXUD SROLWLFD" $YHYD
VRWWUDWWR GDJOL DUFKLYL UHDOL OD OHWWHUD GL 7RVFDQHOOL"
7HPHYD OD FROOHUD GHO 5H SHUFKp FKH VH Q¶HUD DQGDWR
VHQ]D DYYLVDUOR H LQROWUH DYHYD RIIHUWR LO VXR SURJHWWR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DJOL VSDJQROL VXRL FRQFRUUHQWL" )RUVH TXHVW¶XOWLPD q
O¶LSRWHVLSLFUHGLELOH
'DQWH ³'LYLQD &RPPHGLD´ 3DUDGLVR FDQWR ;9,,
YHUVL
%DVWHUHEEH ULFRUGDUH SULPD GL &RORPER LO JHQRYHVH
%HQLWR =DFFDULDDPPLUDJOLRGHOUH6DQFKR,9(JLGLROR
%RFFDQHJUDFRQWHGL3DOPDFKHGLUHVVHO¶DPPLUDJOLDWR
GL &DVWLJOLD VXR ILJOLR $PEURJLR DPPLUDJOLR G¶(QULFR
,, FKH VFRQILVVH OD IORWWD LQJOHVH QHO 0DUH GHO 1RUG LO
FDODEUHVH5RJHUGL/DXULDJUDQG¶DPPLUDJOLRGHOODIORWWD
G¶$UDJRQD H GRSR &RORPER *LDPEDWWLVWD 3DVWHQH
DPPLUDJOLR GHO 0DUH GHO 6XG IRQGDWRUH GL 9DOSDUDtVR
QHOVHFROR;9,,Q3RUWRJDOORIXURQRDPPLUDJOLHUHGLWDUL
LIUDWHOOL3HVVDJQR3HVVDQKRLQSRUWRJKHVH
,O IUDWH 'LHJR 'H]D HEUHR FRQYHUVR PDHVWUR GHO
SULQFLSHHUHGLWDULR*LRYDQQLIXSRLYHVFRYRGL3DOHQFLD
HDUFLYHVFRYRGL6LYLJOLD$ORQVR4XLQWDQLOODUDJLRQLHUH
PDJJLRUHGHO5HJQRHFRQVLJOLHUHGHL5HRVSLWzDFDVD
VXD &RORPER %HDWUL] +HUQiQGH] GH %REDGLOOD
PDUFKHVD GL 0R\D VSRVDWD FRQ $QGUpV GH &DEUHUD
GDPD G¶RQRUH GHOOD 5HJLQD H %HDWUL] GH 3HUUD]D H
%REDGLOODPDUFKHVDGL0R\DSDUHQWHGHOODSUHFHGHQWH
H GDPD G¶RQRUH GHOOD 5HJLQD 4XHVW¶XOWLPD HVVHQGR
PROWR EHOOD SLDFHYD D )HUQDQGR FRVu FKH OD UHJLQD
,VDEHOOD O¶DOORQWDQz GDOOD &RUWH IDFHQGROD VSRVDUH FRQ
)HUQDQGR 3HUD]D JRYHUQDWRUH GL XQD GHOOH LVROH
&DQDULH )HUQDQGR GHVSRWD H WLUDQQR VXVFLWz O¶RGLR
GHJOLLVRODQLHILQuDVVDVVLQDWRUHVWDQGR%HDWULFHFRPH
JRYHUQDWULFH GHOO¶LVROD &RORPER V¶LQQDPRUz GL OHL H
WUDVFRUVH FRQ OHL YDUL JLRUQL TXDQGR SDVVz GL Ou QHOVXR
SULPRYLDJJLRHQHOVHFRQGR
&RPH VFULVVH LO FURQLVWD 0LFKHOH GD &XQHR GL QRELOH
IDPLJOLD GL 6DYRQD DPLFR GL &RORPER FKH VFULVVH LQ
SDUWH OD FURQDFD GHO VHFRQGR YLDJJLR ³&RORPER IX
WLQWRG¶DPRUHSHUOHL´
6HMRXUQpVFULYHFKHIXRGLDWRVLDLQ6SDJQDFRPHLQ
$PHULFDGDOODPDJJLRUDQ]D
GHJOLVSDJQROLSHUFKpHUDVWUDQLHUR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RPH VFULVVH 6WHIDQ =ZHLJ VRQR OH IRU]H VSLULWXDOL H
PRUDOL FKH PRWLYDQR OH VFRSHUWH PD OD ORUR
UHDOL]]D]LRQH GLSHQGH GDOOH IRU]H PDWHULDOL ,QIDWWL L 5H
QRQ DYUHEEHUR GDWR XQ FHQWHVLPR D &RORPER VH QRQ
DYHVVHURVSHUDWRGLJXDGDJQDUFL
1RQ q IDFLOH VDSHUH FRQ SUHFLVLRQH TXDQWR FRVWz LO
SULPR YLDJJLR H FKL H TXDQGR SDJz RJQXQR FRPXQTXH
WXWWL JOL VWXGLRVL VRQR G¶DFFRUGR FKH QRQ VSHVHUR PROWR
GDWR FKH QHVVXQR YROOH SDJDUH SL GL TXDQWR IRVVH
QHFHVVDULR 2UD VH OH GXH FDUDYHOOH IXURQR SDJDWH GDO
FRPXQH GL 3DORV VDUHEEH TXHVWR O¶DSSRUWR GHL 5H GL XQ
PLOLRQHGLPDUDYHGtHVGHOTXDOHSDUOD&RORPER8QDOWUR
PLOLRQHHPH]]RFLUFDGLPDUDYHGtHVORSDJz6DQWiQJHOH
L VXRL VRFL L EDQFKLHUL LWDOLDQL %DUGL H )UDQFHVFR 3LQHOOL
JHQRYHVL *LDQQRWWR %HUDUGL ILRUHQWLQR HG DOWUL 0H]]R
PLOLRQH GL PDUDYHGtHV OR SDJz &RORPER H L VXRL DPLFL
DUPDWRUL H EDQFKLHUL GL 1HJUR 6SuQROD H /XLJL 'RULD $O
SUH]]R GHO O GRYHWWH FRVWDUH SL R PHQR
GROODUL
'DO FDSLWROR 9,, DO ,; KR VHJXLWR OD WUDGX]LRQH GHO
PLROLEURGDOORVSDJQRORLQLWDOLDQRFKHDQQLIDIHFHLO
FDUR DPLFR LQJ 'DQWH %RJJLR 7RPDVD] JLj GHFHGXWR
FKH VXD PRJOLH *LRYDQQD PL KD LQYLDWR GD 9HUDFX]
6SHVVR KR FDPELDWR TXDOFKH SDUROD HOLPLQDWR R
DJJLXQWR TXDOFKH IUDVH G¶DFFRUGR FRQ LO PLR FULWHULR
G¶DJJLRUQDPHQWR
/¶DXWRUH
&$3,72/29,,
,/ 32572 ', 3$/26 ± /( &$5$9(//( ±,/ 35,02
9,$**,2'$/$*2672$/2772%5('(/±
*/, ,1',$1, ±5,72512 ,1 63$*1$ ± 5,&(9,0(172
()(67(**,$0(17,$%(5&(//21$±/¶$1(''272
'(//¶8292±/$),50$',&2/20%2
,OPDJJLR&RORPERSDUWuGDOODFLWWjGL6DQWDIpFRQ
XQD LQYRFD]LRQH DOOD 6DQWLVVLPD 7ULQLWj ,O GHOOR VWHVVR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
PHVHQHOODFKLHVDGLVDQ*LRUJLRQHOODFLWWDGLQDGL3DORV
FRQVHJQz DO QRWDLR )UDQFHVFR )HUQiQGH] O¶RUGLQH GHL 5H GL
6SDJQD DIILQFKp YHQLVVHUR HTXLSDJJLDWH GXH FDUDYHOOH
HFROORFDWHVRWWRLOVXRGLUHWWRFRPDQGR
3DORVHUDXQSLFFRORSRUWRFKHIRUVHDYHYDSRFRSLGL
DELWDQWLSHUFXLQRQHUDIDFLOHWURYDUHXQFHQWLQDLRGLXRPLQL
SHUJOLHTXLSDJJLGHOOHQDYL7DOHGLIILFROWjREOLJz&RORPERD
FKLHGHUHDLXWRDLIUDQFHVFDQLGHOOD5iELGDHDLIUDWHOOL3LQ]yQ
DIILQFKpFRQYLQFHVVHURJOLXRPLQLGHOOD]RQDGL3DORV+XHOYD
H 0RJXHU 3HU JOL XRPLQL GL 3DORV QRQ F¶HUD VFDSSDWRLD
SRVVLELOH GDWR FKH VL WUDWWDYD G¶XQ RUGLQH UHDOH FKH QRQ VL
SRWHYDQHPPHQRGLVFXWHUH,UHDYHYDQRWXWWRLOSRWHUHHOD
IRU]DQHFHVVDULDSHUREEOLJDUOL
6LVDFKHILQGDOVHFRORVFRUVRTXDQGRRFFRUUHYDQRPDULQDL
DQFKH QHOOH QDYL SULYDWH VL XVDYDQR WXWWL L PHWRGL SRVVLELOL
SHU LQJDJJLDUOL DG RJQL FRVWR VL SXz EHQLVVLPR LPPDJLQDUH
FRPH V¶LQJDJJLDYDQR L PDULQDL QHO VHFROR ;9 H SHU RUGLQH
UHDOH
/DVFDUVLWjGLXRPLQLGL3DORVVSLHJKHUHEEHDQFKHLOSHUFKpL
5H GHFLVHUR GL FRQGRQDUH OD SHQD D TXDWWUR FULPLQDOL
DIILQFKp V¶LPEDUFDVVHUR FRQ JOL DOWUL , IUDWHOOL 3LQ]yQ IXURQR
GL JUDQGH DLXWR HVVHQGR QDYLJDQWL DELOL H SHUVRQH
FRQRVFLXWHHVWLPDWHOXQJROHFRVWHDQGDOXVHHVRSUDWWXWWRD
3DORV &HUWR QHVVXQR DYHYD PDL DWWUDYHUVDWR O¶2FHDQR H
XQDFRVDHUDODQDYLJD]LRQHGLFDERWDJJLRG¶XVRFRPXQHQHO
0HGLWHUUDQHR GHOO¶HSRFD H XQ¶DOWUD TXHOOD RFHDQLFD D WXWWL
VFRQRVFLXWD
-XDQ GH OD &RVD SDGURQH GL XQD µQDR¶ µQDYH¶ QRPH PROWR
JHQHULFR FKH VL GDYD LQ 3RUWRJDOOR H 6SDJQD D QDYL
PHUFDQWLOL SL JUDQGL H SHVDQWL GHOOH FDUDYHOOH FKH DYHYD
GXH QRPL µ/D *DOOHJD¶ µ/D *DOL]LDQD¶ H µ0DULJDODQWH¶ IX LO
SULPRDGRIIULUVLFRQODVXDQDYHDOFXQLVFULWWRULGLFRQRFKH
IX FRQWUDWWDWR GD &RORPER DOWUL FKH QRQ DFFHWWz QHVVXQ
SDJDPHQWR &RORPER OD ULEDWWH]]z µ6DQWD 0DULD¶ H QH IHFH
OD VXD QDYH DPPLUDJOLD 4XDVL WXWWL L JDOL]LDQL H L EDVFKL
GHOO¶HTXLSDJJLR DFFHWWDURQR GL HVVHUH FRQWUDWWDWL SHU LO
YLDJJLR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
4XHVWD QDYH HUD OXQJD PHWUL ODUJD H SHVDYD
WRQQHOODWH DYHYD XQ HTXLSDJJLR GL PDULQDL ,O VXR
FDSLWDQR H FRPDQGDQWH GHOOD IORWWD HUD &RORPER
FRPPLVVDULRGLERUGR-XDQGHOD&RVDHQRFFKLHUH3HUDORQVR
1LxRµ/D3LQWD¶µ/D'LSLQWD¶GLSURSULHWjGL*yPH]%XVFyQ
HGL&ULVWRIRUR4XLQWHURHUDXQDFDUDYHOODGLYHODTXDGUDGL
WULQFKHWWR FKLDPDWD LQ VSDJQROR µFDUDEHOD UHGRQGD¶ HUD
OXQJDPHWULFLUFDSHUPHWULGLODUJKH]]DSHVDYDVXOOH
WRQQHOODWH HG DYHYD XQ HTXLSDJJLR GL PDULQDL ,O VXR
FDSLWDQR HUD 0DUWtQ $ORQVR 3LQ]yQ FRPPLVVDULR GL ERUGR
VXRIUDWHOOR)UDQFLVFR3LQ]yQHQRFFKLHUH5DIDHO6DUPLHQWR
/D VHFRQGD FDUDYHOOD FRQ YHOH ODWLQH WULDQJRODUL FKH SHUz
&RORPER VRVWLWXu FRQ TXHOOH TXDGUDWH GXUDQWH OD
QDYLJD]LRQHYHUVROHLVROH&DQDULHGDWRFKHJOLGDYDQRXQD
PDJJLRU SRVVLELOLWj GL QDYLJDUH FRO YHQWR LQ SRSSD HUD µ/D
6DQWD &ODUD¶ 6DQWD &KLDUD SDWURQD GL 0RJXHU QHL FXL
FDQWLHUL HUD VWDWD FRVWUXLWD VRSUDQQRPLQDWD µ/D 1LxD¶ µ/D
%DPELQD¶ GDO QRPH GHO VXR SDGURQH -XDQ 1LxR (UD
OXQJDPHWULHODUJDDYHYDTXDWWURDOEHULHSHVDYD
WRQQHOODWH 9LFHQWH <ixH] 3LQ]yQ HUD LO VXR FDSLWDQR
&RPPLVVDULR GL ERUGR -XDQ 1LxR H QRFFKLHUH HUD 6iQFKH]
5Xt]HGDYHYDXQHTXLSDJJLRGLXRPLQL
,QWRWDOHHUDQRXRPLQLHVLFRQRVFHLOQRPHGLTXDVLWXWWL
(UDQRDQGDOXVLEDVFKLHJDOL]LDQLFLQTXHHUDQRVWUDQLHULXQ
SRUWRJKHVHHTXDWWURLWDOLDQL&RORPERH*LDFRPR5LPR
JHQRYHVL *LRYDQQL 9H]]DJQR YHQH]LDQR H $QWRQLR
&DODEUHVHFDODEUHVH
7UD L PHPEUL GHOO¶HTXLSDJJLR F¶HUD XQ PHGLFR XQ FKLUXUJR
XQIDUPDFLVWDWUHLQYLDWLVSHFLDOLGHL5H5RGULJR(VFREHGR
5RGULJR 6iQFKH] H 3HGUR *XWLpUUH] QRWDL XQ LVSHWWRUH H
FRQWUROORUH GHOOH VSHVH H JXDGDJQL H XQ LQWHUSUHWH /XLV GHO
OD 7RUUH HEUHR FRQYHUVR FKH SDUODYD HEUHR FDOGHR HG
DUDER 1RQ F¶HUDQR VROGDWL Qp IUDWL SHUz DYHYDQR D ERUGR
DOFXQH ERFFKH GD IXRFR SURYYLVWH SHU XQ DQQR H VDFFKL GL
SDOOLQHGLYHWURVSHFFKLHWWLDJKLFDPSDQHOOLHEHUUHWWLURVVL
WXWWL RJJHWWL FKH SLDFHYDQR WDQWR DL QHJUL DIULFDQL H FKH VL
SHQVzVDUHEEHURSLDFLXWLDQFKHDJOLDELWDQWLGHOOH,QGLH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,O G¶DJRVWR WXWWR HUD SURQWR , XRPLQL DVFROWDURQR DO
PHVVD QHOOD FKLHVD GL VDQ *LRUJLR DQGDURQR D GRUPLUH
SUHVWR H LO YHQHUGu JLRUQR GL VDQ *LRUJLR SDWURQR GL
*HQRYD VDOSDURQR GD 3DORV YHUVR OH &DQDULH /D JUDQGH
DYYHQWXUDHUDFRPLQFLDWD
µ/D 3LQWD¶ µ/D 1LxD¶ H µ/D 6DQWD 0DULD¶ VXOOD TXDOH
V¶LQDOEHUDYD OD EDQGLHUD GHOO¶DPPLUDJOLR XQD FURFH YHUGH
VFXUR VX FDPSR ELDQFR DL FXL HVWUHPL GHL GXH EUDFFL
RUL]]RQWDOL GHOOD FURFH F¶HUDQR OH OHWWHUH ) H < LQL]LDOL GL
)HUQDGR H ,VDEHOOD VRUPRQWDWH GD FRURQH QDYLJDYDQR LQ
ILOD LQGLDQD H SUHVWR VL GLVWDQ]LDURQR O¶XQD GDOO¶DOWUD
FRPXQLFDQGRVL FRQ IXRFKL GXUDQWH OD QRWWH H FRQ IXPDWH
GXUDQWHLOJLRUQR
,O H O¶ SHU GXH YROWH VL UXSSH LO WLPRQH GL µ/D 3LQWD¶ H
&RORPER GHFLVH GL SURVHJXLUH FRQ OH DOWUH GXH QDYL
GHFLGHQGR GL ULWURYDUVL WXWWL QHO SRUWR GL /DV 3DOPDV QHOOH
LVROH&DQDULH
3RLFKp LO JLRUQR µ/D 3LQWD¶ QRQ HUD DQFRUD DUULYDWD
&RORPERSHQVzGLUDJJLXQJHUHOD*RPHUDO¶LVRODSLSLFFROD
GHOO¶DUFKLSHODJR GDWR FKH DYHYD VDSXWR FKH YL VDUHEEH
JLXQWD XQD QDYH VSDJQROD FKH SHQVz GL QROHJJLDUH
ODVFLDQGR µ/D 3LQWD¶ DO VXR GHVWLQR ,QROWUH D *RPHUD QHO
SRUWR GL VDQ 6HEDVWLDQR DELWDYD OD JRYHUQDWULFH GHOO¶VROD
GRQQD%HDWUL]GL3HUD]D\%REDGLOODPDUFKHVDGL0R\D
&RORPER DWWUWDFFz DOOD *RPHUD LO JLRUQR PD OD QDYH
VSDJQROD QRQ DUULYDYD Qp µ/D 3LQWD¶ IDFHYD VDSHUH VXH
QRWL]LH H SHU FROPR GHOOD VIRUWXQD %HDWUL] QRQ HUD QHO VXR
FDVWHOOR 5LPDVH WXWWD XQD VHWWLPDQD LQ DWWHVD LQYLz DOFXQL
PDULQDLD/DV3DOPDVSHUVDSHUHFKHFRVDHUDVXFFHVVRDµ/D
3LQWD¶ PD QHVVXQR ULWRUQz 'LVSHUDWR LQ JLRUQR VDOSz
SHU/DV3DOPDVGRYHYLGHDUULYDUHµ/D3LQWD¶LOJLRUQRGRSR
LQ XQD VHWWLPDQD L FDQWLHUL ORFDOL QH ULSDUDURQR LO WLPRQH H
FDPELDURQROHYHOHDµ/D1LxD¶LOGLVHWWHPEUHODIORWWLJOLD
ILQDOPHQWHULXQLWDULWRUQzD*RPHUDSHUULIRUQLUVL
%HDWUL] HUD JLjWRUQDWDDOVXRFDVWHOORH&RORPERSHUIRU]D
PDJJLRUH ULWDUGz LQ VXR YLDJJLR YHUVR OH ,QGLH SHU DOFXQL
JLRUQL *LRYHGu VHWWHPEUH DOO¶DOED OH QDYL VDOSDURQR H
%HDWUL]ULPDVHDWHUUDFRPH'LGRQH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
/DVHUDSUHFHGHQWHWXWWLJOLHTXLSDJJLDYHYDQRDVVLVWLWRDOOD
PHVVD H VL HUDQR FRQIHVVDWL GHL ORUR SHFFDWL QHOOD FKLHVD
GHOO¶$VVXQ]LRQH
1DYLJDQGRLQOLQHDUHWWDWUDLSDUDOOHOLHXQSR¶SLD
QRUG GHOOD OLQHD GHO 7URSLFR GHO &DQFUR OH WUH QDYL IXURQR
VSLQWH OHQWDPHQWH H GROFHPHQWH YHUVR O¶LJQRWR GDL YHQWL
DOLVHL
&RORPERFDOFRODYDGLDUULYDUHDO&LSDQJR*LDSSRQHLQR
JLRUQL H VHJXHQGR OD OLQHD GHO 7URSLFR GHO &DQFUR
VDUHEEH DUULYDWR D )RUPRVD GLVJUD]LDWDPHQWH SHU OXL LO
FRQWLQHQWHDPHULFDQRJOLDYUHEEHVEDUUDWRLOSDVVR
&RORPER VFULVVH QHO VXR GLDULR FKH WRJOLHYD GHOOH PLJOLD
JLjSHUFRUVHGDOFDOFRORUHDOHSHUQRQVSDYHQWDUHLPDULQDL
QHO FDVR LQ FXL LO YLDJJLR IRVVH GXUDWR SL D OXQJR ,Q RJQL
PRGR OD QDYLJD]LRQH IX DEEDVWDQ]D WUDQTXLOOD D YROWH
SDVVDYDQRXFFHOOLRVLVFRUJHYDQROHJQLIOXWWXDQWLVXOOHRQGH
,O VHWWHPEUH DUULYDURQR DO 0DU GHO 6DUJDVVL H WXWWL
FUHGHWWHUR FKH OD WHUUD IHUPD GRYHYD HVVHUH JLj PROWR
YLFLQD
/D GHFOLQD]LRQH PDJQHWLFD GHOOD EXVVROD FDXVz XQ FHUWR
VJRPHQWR WUD L PDULQDL PD &RORPER OL WUDQTXLOOL]]y
LQWHUSUHWDQGR FRUUHWWDPHQWH LO IHQRPHQR VSLHJDQGR FKH JOL
DJKLQRQVHJXLYDQRSLOD6WHOOD3RODUHPDXQDOWURSXQWRGL
ULIHULPHQWR ,Q HIIHWWL VL WUDWWDYD GL XQ IHQRPHQR RJJL
FRQRVFLXWR GD WXWWL H FLRq FKH LO QRUG PDJQHWLFR QRQ
FRLQFLGHFROQRUGJHRJUDILFR
, YHQWL FHVVDURQR H OH QDYL VHPEUDYDQR GL ULPDQHUH
LPPRELOL 3DUH FKH L PDULQDL FRPLQFLDURQR DG HVSUHVVDUH LO
GHVLGHULR GL WRUQDUH LQGLHWUR PD QRQ FL IXURQR PDL
VLQWRPLGLDPPXQLWDPHQWL
(UD JLj WUDVFRUVR XQ PHVH GDOOD SDUWHQ]D TXDQGR LO YHQWR
ULFRPLQFLz D VRIILDUH FRQ IRU]D PHQWUH JOL LQGL]L GL WHUUH
YLFLQHVLPROWLSOLFDYDQR
$YHYDQR SHUFRUVR SL GL GXHPLOD PLJOLH XQD GLVWDQ]D
VXSHULRUH D TXHOOD GHOOD OXQJKH]]D GL WXWWR LO 0HGLWHUUDQHR
GD*LELOWHUUDDO/LEDQR
,O JLRUQR VL FUHGHWWH GL VFRUJHU WHUUD PD VL WUDWWDYD GL
XQ¶HQQHVLPD LOOXVLRQH )LQDOPHQWH O¶OO DOOH GL VHUD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RORPERYLGHRJOLSDUYHGLYHGHUHXQDOXFHLQORQWDQDQ]D
VL FRQVXOWz FRQ 3HGUR *XWLpUUH] FKH ULVSRVH FKH DQFKH OXL
DYHYDYLVWRTXDOFRVDFKHEULOODYDHFRQ5RGULJR6iQFKH]LO
TXDOHULVSRVHFKHQRQDYHYDYLVWRQXOOD
9DUL ELRJUDIL VFULVVHUR FKH GLIILFLOPHQWH &RORPER DYUHEEH
SRWXWRYHGHUXQDOXFHGDXQDWUHQWLQDGLPLJOLDGDOODFRVWD
,Q RJQL PRGR LO IDWWR GL DYHU FUHGXWR GL YHGHU WHUUD SULPD
GHJOLDOWULJOLSHUPLVHGLDJJLXGLFDUVLLOSUHPLRGHLGLHFLPLOD
PDUDYHGtYLWDOL]LFKHLOUH)HUQDQGRDYHYDSURPHVVR3UHPLR
FKH&RORPERGRQzD%HDWUL](QUtTXH]GH$UDQD
$OOHGXHGHOPDWWLQRGHOYHQHUGu-XDQ5RGUtJXH]FKHSHU
XQRVEDJOLRqULSRUWDWRLQYDULOLEULFRPH5RGULJRGH7ULDQD
JULGz³7HUUD7HUUD´HWXWWLJULGDURQRSLDQVHURSUHJDURQR
HFDQWDURQRLOµ6DOYH5HJLQD¶
/HQDYLDPPDLQDURQROHYHOHPDSHUHYLWDUHJOLVFRJOLQRQ
V¶DYYLFLQDURQRDOO¶LVRODSULPDGHOO¶DOED
6LWUDWWDYDLQIDWWLG¶XQ¶LVROHWWDGHOOHDWWXDOL%DKDPDVFKHVL
WURYDGLSRFRDOQRUGGHOODOLQHDGHO7URSLFRGHO&DQFURFKH
JOLLQGLJHQLFKLDPDYDQR*XDQDKDQuHFKH&RORPEREDWWH]]z
FRQ LO QRPH GL 6DQ 6DOYDWRUH H FKH JOL LQJOHVL
SRVWHULRUPHQWHULEDWWH]]DURQRFROQRPHGHOSLUDWD:DWOLQJ
2JJLFLVRQRGHLGXEELVHVLDVWDWDHIIHWWLYDPHQWHTXHVWDOD
SULPDWHUUDDPHULFDQDVFRSHUWDDOFXQLVWXGLRVLFUHGRQRFKH
VLWUDWWDYDGHOO¶DWWXDOH6DPDQD&D\XQSRFRSLDOVXG
GHO7URSLFRGHO&DQFUR$GRJQLPRGRLORWWREUHGHO
GHO FDOHQGDULR JLXOLDQR FKH FRUULVSRQGH DO RWWREUH
GHO QRVWUR FDOHQGDULR JUHJRULDQR VHJQz XQD GDWD
IRQGDPHQWDOH QHOOD VWRULD GHOO¶XPDQLWj SDUWLFRODUPHQWH
GHOO¶(XURSD H FHUWDPHQWH GHOO¶$PHULFD ,O 0HGLR (YR
WHUPLQDYDHFRPLQFLDYDO¶(UDPRGHUQD
&RORPER VEDUFz FRQ L 3LQ]yQ JOL LQYLDWL UHDOL H DOFXQL
PDULQDL H SUHVH SRVVHVVR GHOO¶LVROD D QRPH GHL 5H GL
6SDJQD $ SRFR D SRFR JOL LQGLJHQL WLPRURVL LQFRPLQFLDURQR
DGDSSDULUHWUDODYHJHWD]LRQH(UDQRFRPSOHWDPHQWHQXGLH
QRQ FRQRVFHYDQR OH DUPL 6L WUDWWDYD GHL µWDtQRV¶ GHOOD
IDPLJOLD GHJOL µDUDXFRV¶ &RORPER H L VXRL FRPLQFLDURQR D
FKLDPDUOLµLQGLRV¶FUHGHQGRFKHIRVVHUHDELWDQWLGHOO¶,QGLD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
6H O¶LQFRQWUR WUD JOL VSDJQROL H JOL LQGLJHQL FDXVz OD
PHUDYLJOLDGHLSULPLJLjDELWXDWLDOOHHVSORUD]LRQLDIULFDQHH
GHOOH LVROH RFHDQLFKH YLFLQH DO YHFFKLR FRQWLQHQWH QHL
VHFRQGL GHY¶HVVHU VWDWR TXDOFRVD GL HFFH]LRQDOH H
PHUDYLJOLRVR PHUDYLJOLRVR SHU SRFR WHPSR GDWR FKH SRLVL
FRQYHUWu LQ XQD PDOHGL]LRQH PRUWDOH GDWRFKHVFRPSDUYHUR
QHO JLUR GL TXDUDQW¶DQQL YLWWLPHGHOOD FLYLOWj RFFLGHQWDOH
*OL LQGLRV RVVHUYDURQR FRQ VWXSRUH OH WUH HQRUPL FDVH FKH
JDOOHJJLDYDQR H L ORUR DELWDQWL ELDQFKL EDUEXWL DUPDWL H
ULFRSHUWL GL SDQQL H GL PHWDOOL 1RQ VDSHQGR VFULYHUH H
SRVVHGHQGRXQDFXOWXUDSULPLWLYDQRQSRWHWWHURWUDVPHWWHUH
OHORURLPSUHVVLRQLVXTXHJOLµGHL¶FKHYHQLYDQRGDOFLHOR/H
FXOWXUH UHDOPHQWH VYLOXSSDWH VL WURYDYDQR PROWR GLVWDQWL LQ
0HVVLFRHLQ3HU
,OJLRUQRGRSR&RORPERYROOHFRQWLQXDUHLOYLDJJLRSRUWzFRQ
Vp VHL LQGLRV FRPH LQWHUSUHWL H JXLGH H VL GLUHVVH DO VXG
GRYH ±VHFRQGR JOL LQGLRV ±F¶HUD XQD JUDQ TXDQWLWj GL DOWUH
LVROH DQFKH SL JUDQGL &RORPER FUHGHWWH GL WURYDUVL QHJOL
DUFLSHODJKLDVLDWLFLLQWRUQRDO*LDSSRQHWUDOHVHWWHPLODLVROH
GRYH VHFRQGR 0DUFR 3ROR LO *UDQ .KDQ PDQGDYD D
FDWWXUDUHJOLDELWDQWLSHUIDUQHGHJOLVFKLDYL3HUFKpDYUHEEH
GRYXWR GXELWDUQH VH OR FRQIHUPDYD OD PDSSD GL 0DWLQ
%HKDLP HG DQFKH TXHOOD GL 7RVFDQHOOL H WXWWH OH DOWUH
FKHDYHYDFRQVXOWDWR"
&RORPERGRSRGLDYHUEDWWH]]DWRODSULPDLVRODFRQLOQRPH
GHO 6LJQRUH FRQWLQXz FRQ OH DOWUH LVROH D GDUH L QRPL GL
6DQWD0DULDGHOOD&RQFH]LRQHRJJLFKLDPDWD5XP&D\GHL
5HGL6SDJQD,VDEHOOD)HUQDQGRRJJL/RQJ,VODQGHGHOOD
SULQFLSHVVD *LRYDQQD FKH JOL LQGLJHQL FKLDPDYDQR &ROED R
&XED ,Q RJQL LVROD FKLHGHYD GHOO¶RUR PD SRWHWWH
UDFLPRODUQH EHQ SRFR &RPXQTXH &RORPER FRQWLQXDYD DG
DIIHUPDUH³'LRPLIDUjYHGHUHGRYHQDVFHO¶RUR´
0D GRY¶HUDQR OH ULFFKH]]H GHVFULWWH GD 0DUFR 3ROR" (UDQR
JLj JOL XOWLPL JLRUQL G¶RWWREUH H JOL VSDJQROL DYHYD WURYDWR
VROR FRVH GL SRFD LPSRUWDQ]D XFFHOOL FKH SDUODYDQR H FDQL
FKHQRQDEEDLDYDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
³*OL LQGLRV ±FRPH VFULVVH SL WDUGL $QWRQLR 3LJDIHWWD
ULIHUHQGRVLDOO¶$PHULFDGHO6XGVRQRSHUVRQHFKHDPDQROD
SDFHO¶R]LRHODWUDQTXLOOLWj´
*OL LQGLJHQL FKH &RORPER WURYz LQ TXHVWH SULPH LVROH
VFRSHUWH QRQ DYHYDQR SURSULHWj SHUVRQDOL GDYDQR FRQ
SLDFHUHWXWWRFLzFKHVLFKLHGHYDORURHWUDLWDQWLXVLVWUDQL
SRUWDYDQR VSHVVR DOOD ERFFD ³XQ WL]]RQH GL HUEH GL FXL
EHYHYDQR LO IXPR H QRQ ULHVFR D FDSLUH FKH SLDFHUH H FKH
JXVWR QH SURYDQR´ XQ¶LQWHUHVVDQWH GRPDQGD GD SRUUH DL
IXPDWRULG¶RJJLJLRUQR
8QSUREOHPDVHULRIXTXHOORGHOOHOLQJXHFKHSURYRFzPROWH
FRQIXVLRQLHPDOLQWHVLGDWRFKH/XLVGH7RUUHFROVXRDUDER
HEUHR H FDOGHR QRQ ULXVFLYD D IDUVL FDSLUH 3HUz JOL LQGLRV
FDSLURQREHQLVVLPRFKHJOLVSDJQROLDQGDYDQRPDWWLSHUXQD
SLHWUX]]D JLDOOD FKH FKLDPDYDQR RUR H FKH SHU ORUR QRQ
DYHYD DOFXQ YDORUH $QFKH JOL GHL EDUEXWL DYHYDQR OH ORUR
PDQLH GLHGHUR ORUR TXDO SRFR FKH SRVVHGHYDQR H FKH
XVDYDQR FRPH RUQDPHQWR SHUVRQDOH ,Q XQ SULQFLSLR JOL
VSDJQROLSHUQRQDYHUVFUXSROLGLFRVFLHQ]DOREDUDWWDYDQR
YROHQWLHUL FRQ FDPSDQHOOL SDOOLQH GL YHWUR IUDPPHQWL GL
VSHFFKL H EHUUHWWL URVVL 0D SUHVWR GLYHQQHUR LQVD]LDELOL
FKLHGHYDQRVHPSUHSLRURYROHYDQRVDSHUHGRY¶HUDµODVXD
VRUJHQWH¶HJOLLQGLRVSHUQRQVXELUHODORURFROOHUDGLFHYHQR
FKHVLF¶HUDPROWRRURPDSLLQOjVHPSUHSLLOOjYHUVR
RULHQWH QHOO¶LVROD GL %DEHFKH IRUVH O¶DWWXDOH *UDQ ,JXDQD
QHOOH%DKDPDV&RORPERYLVLGLUHVVHPDQRQFLDUULYzPDL
DFDXVDGHLYHQWLFRQWUDULPHQWUH3LQ]yQFRQµ/D3LQWD¶VSDUu
GXUDQWHGXHPHVLFHUFDQGRO¶RURLQDOWUHLVROH
&RORPER QDYLJDQGR YHUVR RULHQWH DUULYz D XQ¶DOWUD JUDQ
LVROD O¶DWWXDOH +DLWL FKH EDWWH]]z µ/D 6SDJQROD¶ 9¶LQFRQWUz
XQ HFFHOOHQWH SRUWR QDWXUDOH FKH FKLDPz VDQ 1LFROD GDWR
FKH HUD LO GLFHPEUH HG DQFKH XQ SR¶ G¶RUR PROWR SRFR
YHUDPHQWH SHU SRWHU JLXVWLILFDUH LO VXR YLDJJLR H OH VSHVH
GHOODVSHGL]LRQH
1HO VXR GLDULR H QHOOH OHWWHUH FKH LQYLz DL 5H GL 6SDJQD
&RORPER GHFDQWz OD PDJQLILFHQ]D GL TXHL OXRJKL JOL DOEHUL
JOL LQGLJHQL EXRQL LQJHQXL H VHQ]D PDOL]LD XQ HFFHOOHQWH
PDWHULDOH XPDQR SHU HVVHUH FULVWLDQL]]DWR H IDUOR ODYRUDUH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
0DLQIRQGRHUDPROWRVHFFDWRSHUO¶LQGLVFLSOLQDGL3LQ]yQHG
DQFKHSHUQRQDYHUSRWXWRWURYDUHVXIILFLHQWHRURHSHUQRQ
VDSHU FRPR WURYDUH XQ¶XVFLWD GD TXHOOH LVROH SHULIHULFKH H
VHOYDJJHHSRWHUJLXQJHUHILQDOPHQWHDOOHFLWWjGHO&DWDLGHO
*UDQ.DQ
6H O¶HVLVWHQ]D G¶XQ FRQWLQHQWH VFRQRVFLXWR FKH VEDUUDYD LO
SDVVDJJLR YHUVR OH ,QGLH HUD LPSHQVDELOH SHU TXDOVLDVL
SHUVRQD SHU &RORPER VDUHEEH VWDWD XQD EHVWHPPLD
XQ¶DVVXUGLWjRXQRVFKHU]RGLDEROLFRFRQWURWXWWRFLzFKHOXL
DYHYDFDOFRODWRSURJHWWDWRHSURPHVVR
'RYHYD SHU IRU]D WURYDUVL LQ $VLD ,Q TXDOFKH DQJROR
VSHUGXWR H 'LR JOL DYUHEEH GDWR OD SRVVLELOLWj GL WURYDUH OD
WHUUDIHUPDGHOOH,QGLH)RUVHFRQWLQXzDSHQVDUFRVuGXUDQWH
WXWWDODVXDYLWDLQXQDPDSSDWXWWDVXDG¶DOWURQGHVLPLOHD
WXWWH TXHOOH FKH VL FRQRVFHYDQR DOORUD LQ (XURSD H QR
SRWHYD HVVHU GLYHUVDPHQWH 8QD PDSSD VHQ]D O¶$PHULFD
FKH VDUHEEH VWDWD XQD FXFFDJQD SHU L GLULJHQWL FRPXQLVWL
UXVVLGHOVHFROR;;
&RORPER VL WRUPHQWDYD H GLVSHUDYD GRYHYD SURFXUDUVL DG
RJQL FRVWR TXHOO¶RUR SHU L 5H SHU WXWWL TXHOOL FKH DYHYDQR
ULSRVWR OD ORUR ILGXFLD LQ OXL H FKH DYHYDQR DQWLFLSDWR OH
VSHVH GHO YLDJJLR SHU OD FURFLDWD FRQWUR JOL DUDEL H OD
OLEHUD]LRQH GHO 6DQWR 6HSROFUR DQFKH VH GRYHVVH REEOLJDUH
JOL LQGLRV D FHUFDUOR H GLVVRWWHUUDUOR , 5H GL 6SDJQD
GRYHYDQR FRQWLQXDUH DG DYHU ILGXFLD LQ OXL GRYHYDQR
FRQWLQXDUHDFUHGHUJOL
/H GXH QDYL ULSUHVHUR D FRVWHJJLDUH OD 6SDJQROD &RORPER
EDWWH]]z FROQRPHGL7RUWXJD7DUWDUXJDXQ¶LVROHWWDH
3RUWR &RQFH]LRQH XQ¶LQVHQDWXUD GRYH DQFRUDURQR *OL LQGLRV
FKHLQFRQWUDURQRHUDQRDQFKHORURPDQVXHWLHRIIULYDQRFRQ
SLDFHUH TXHO SRFR G¶RUR FKH SRUWDYDQR DGGRVVR
5DFFRQWDURQR DJOL VSDJQROL FKH LQ DOWUH LVROH QRQ ORQWDQH
DELWDYDQRDOWULLQGLRVFKHFKLDPDYDQRµFDULEHV¶RµFDQLEHV¶L
TXDOL GL TXDQGR LQ TXDQGR YHQLYDQR DUPDWL D FDFFLDUOL H
PDQJLDUVHOL
1HOOD QRWWH GL 1DWDOH O¶HTXLSDJJLR GHOOD µ6DQWD 0DULD¶ HUD
VSRVVDWRHUDQRRUHFKHQRQGRUPLYD&RORPERGDWRFKH
LO PDUH HUD LQ FDOPD SUHJz FRPH DO VROLWR H SRL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
V¶DGGRUPHQWz DIILGDQGR LO WLPRQH D -XDQ GH OD &RVD LQ
TXDOH D VXD YROWD H FRQWUR JOL RUGLQL ULFHYXWL OR FRQVHJQz
DG XQ JLRYDQH PR]]R JDOL]LDQR &RVLFFKp OD QDYH V¶LQFDJOLz
YHUVR OD PH]]DQRWWH VX XQD EDUULHUD GL VFRJOL DIILODWL ,O
UXPRUHSURYRFDWRGDOO¶XUWRHOHJULGDGHOPR]]RVYHJOLDURQR
WXWWRO¶HTXLSDJJLR&RORPERDUULYDWRVXOSRQWHGHWWHO¶RUGLQH
D -XDQ GH OD &RVD GL FDODUH LQ PDUH XQD VFLDOXSSD H FRQ
GHOOH IXQL FHUFDUH GL OLEHUDU OD QDYH 4XHVWL LQYHFH IHFH
UHPDUH LQ GLUH]LRQH GL µ/D 1LxD¶ LO FXL FRPDQGDQWH 9LFHQWH
<ixH]3LQ]yQQRQJOLSHUPLVHGLVDOLUHDERUGRVRVSHWWDQGR
FKH DYHVVH WUDGLWR O¶$PPLUDJOLR ,QROWUH QRQ HVLVWHYDQR
EXRQH UHOD]LRQL WUD ORUR GXH D FDXVD GHOO¶RVWLOLWj XVXDOH WUD
FDVWLJOLDQLHJDOL]LDQL
µ/D 6DQWD 0DULD¶ QRQ VL SRWHWWH ULFXSHUDUH H FRQ O¶DLXWR
GHJOLLQGLRVVLVDOYyLOVDOYDELOHHV¶DEEDQGRQzLOUHOLWWR
7XWWR O¶HTXLSDJJLR SLDQVH HG DQFKH JOL LQGLRV SHU LO GRORUH
FKHYHGHYDQRULIOHVVRQHLYLVRGHJOLVSDJQROL
7DOH SHUGLWD REEOLJz &RORPER D ODVFLDUH D WHUUD XRPLQL
GHOO¶HTXLSDJJLR H D IDU ULWRUQR LQ 6SDJQD VRODPHQWH FRQ µ/D
1LxD¶QRQSULPDSHUzGLDYHUIDWWRFRVWUXLUHXQIRUWHFRQL
UHVWL GHOOD µ6DQWD 0DULD¶ FKH IX FKLDPDWR µ/D 1DYLGDG¶ ,O
1DWDOH 7UD JOL XRPLQL FKH UHVWDURQR QHO IRUWH F¶HUDQR
'LHJRGH$UDQDILJOLRGL5RGULJRHFRJQDWRGL%HDWUL]DFXL
IX DIILGDWR LQ FRPDQGR LQVLHPH D 3HGUR 0DUJDULW 3HGUR
*XWLpUUH] PDJJLRUGRPR GHL 5H GL 6SDJQD LO IDOHJQDPH
$ORQVR 0RUDOHV H L PHGLFL GDWR FKH V¶LQFRPLQFLDYD D
QRWDUHO¶DSSDUL]LRQHGLPDODWWLHVFRQRVFLXWHDJOLHXURSHL
7XWWR FLz GHWWH PRWLYR DOOH GLIIXVLRQH GL QXRYH OHJJHQGH VX
&RORPERDOFXQLVFULWWRULORLQFROSDURQRGLDYHUDIIRQGDWRµ/D
6DQWD0DULD¶SHUFKpHUDXQSHVVLPRPDULQDLRDOWULFRPH
*RQ]DOR )HUQiQGH] GH 2YLHGR VFULVVHUR FKH 3LQ]yQ
SURWHVWzHQHUJLFDPHQWHFRQWURO¶RULQHGLODVFLDUHLXRPLQL
QHOO¶LVROD H FKH &RORPER DIIRQGz OD QDYH D SURSRVLWR SHU
SRWHU ODVFLDUH D WHUUD TXDOFXQR FKH GLIHQGHVVH LO IRUWH
,QYHFH q PROWR SUREDELOH FKH OD PDJJLRUDQ]D GHJOL XRPLQL
UHVWz D WHUUD YRORQWDULDPHQWH LQIDWWL JOL LQGLRV DYHYDQR
FRQVHJQDWR SL RUR GHO VROLWR H FLUFRODYDQR OD YRFH FKH QHO
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
UHWURWHUUD FH Q¶HUD LQ JUDQ TXDQWLWj FKH VERFFLDYD GDOOD
WHUUDHFKHQHVVXQRVLFXUDYDGLUDFFRJOLHUH
$G XQ FHUWR PRPHQWR JOL VWHVVL LQGLRV DYYLVDURQR &RORPER
FKHDYHYDQRVFRUWRXQ¶DOWUDFDVDFKHJDOOHJJLDYDQRQPROWR
ORQWDQR GD Ou 6L GRYHYD WUDWWDUH SHU IRU]D GL µ/D 3LQWD¶ H
&RORPER GRSR DYHU PDQGDWR LQXWLOPHQWH GHJOL XRPLQL D
FHUFDUOD GHFLVH GL VDUSDUH 6¶RUJDQL]]z XQD JUDQ IHVWD VL
UDFFRPDQGz DJOL VSDJQROL GHO IRUWH GL QRQ RIIHQGHUH JOL
LQGLRVHGLWUDWWDUOLFRPHIUDWHOOL
,OJHQQDLRµ/D1LxD¶SDUWuSRUWDQGRFRQVpVHLLQGLRVDOFXQL
DQLPDOLHVRWLFLHGRJJHWWLSUH]LRVLSHUL5HGL6SDJQD
'RSR SRFR DYYLVDURQR µ/D3LQWD¶ 3LQ]yQ QRQ DYHYD WURYDWR
O¶RUR QHOO¶VROD GL %DEHTXH 6L VFXVz GLFHQGR FKH V¶HUD
VPDUULWR H FKH QRQ DYHYD DYXWR O¶LQWHQ]LRQH GL VHSDUDUVL
GDJOL DOWUL &RORPER ILQVH GL FUHGHUJOL H GL SHUGRQDUOR
VHEEHQH O¶LQFRQWUR WUD L GXH QRQ IX SXQWR DPLFKHYROH Qp
DYUHEEH SRWXWR HVVHUOR LQIDWWL QRQ HUD OD SULPD YROWD FKH
3LQ]yQGLVREEHGLYDLVXRLRUGLQLRDJLYDGLWHVWDSURSULD
'DWRFKHLPEDUFDYDQRDFTXDOHGXHQDYLDQFRUDURQRLQXQD
SLFFROD LQVHQDWXUD SHU L ODYRUL GL FDODIDWDJJLR 3LQ]yQ F¶HUD
JLj VWDWR H DYHYD EDWWH]]DWR FRO VXR QRPH XQ ILXPH FKH YL
VIRFLDYDPD&RORPERORFDPELzFRQTXHOORGLµ,OILXPHGHOOH
*UD]LH¶
,PSURYYLVDPHQWH DSSDUYHUR LQGLRV FRQ OD IDFFLD GLSLQWD H
DUPDWL GL DUFKL H IUHFFH FKH V¶DYYLFLQDYDQR
PLQDFFLRVDPHQWH*OLVSDJQROLOLDIIURQWDURQRUHVSLQJHQGROL
GRSR XQ EUHYH VFRQWUR (UDQR LQGLRV FLJD\RV H IX LO SULPR
VFRQWUR VDQJXLQRVR WUD HXURSHL H LQGLJHQL &RORPER VXELWR
EDWWH]]yTXHOOXRJRµ%DLDGHOOD)UHFFH¶
7XWWR HUD SURQWR SHU IDU ULWRUQR LQ 6SDJQD &RORPER FDSu
FKH QRQ SRWHYD ULWRUQDUH VHJXHQGR OD VWHVVD URWWD GHOOD
YHQXWDJOLDOLVHLVRIILDYDQRGDHVWDGRYHVWHQRQYLFHYHUVD
FRVLFFKp GLHGH O¶RUGLQH GL GLULJHUVL YHUVR QRUG YHUVR OH
%HUPXGH (IIHWWLYDPHQWH WURYDURQR XQD IRUWH FRUUHQWH FKH
VRVSLQVHOHQDYLYHUVRO¶(XURSDPDGDODOIHEEUDLRJLj
YLFLQROH$]]RUUHLYHQWLFHVVDURQRHOHGXHQDYLVLWURYDURQ
QHO EHO PH]]R G¶XQ XUWR GL PDVVH G¶DULD FDOGH H IUHGGH µ/D
3LQWD¶ IX WUDVFLQDWD ORQWDQR H VL SHUVH GL YLVWD 2JQL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
HTXLSDJJLR SHQVz FKH O¶DOWUR HUD DIIRJDWR $ ERUGR GL µ/D
1LxD¶ VL IHFHUR YRWL GL SHOOHJULQDJJLR DOOD 0DGRQQD GL
*XDGDOXSHLQ(VWUHPDGXUD7LUDURQRDVRUWHHO¶RQRUHWRFFz
D &RORPER )HFHUR XQ DOWUR YRWR DOOD 0DGRQQD GL /RUHWR LQ
,WDOLD YLFLQR DG $QFRQD FKH WRFFz DO PDULQDLR 3HGUR GH
9LOOD GL 3RUWR 6DQWD 0DULD H &RORPER VL RIIUu GL SDJDUJOL LO
YLDJJLR 0D OD WHPSHVWD QRQ FHVVDYD H L PDULQDL GRYHWWHUR
IDUH XQ DOWUR YRWR TXHVWD YROWD D 6DQWD &KLDUD GL 0RJXHU
FKH WRFFz DQFRUD D &RORPER 4XLQGL WXWWL SURPLVHUR FKH DO
WRFFDU OD SULPD WHUUD VDUHEEHUR DQGDWL LQ SURFHVVLRQH DOOD
FKLHVDSLYLFLQDVFDO]LHFRQODVRODFDPLFLDLQGRVVR
0HQWUHLPDULQDLFRQWLQXDYDQRDSUHJDUH&RORPERVFULVVHOD
UHOD]LRQHGHOYLDJJLRLQXQDSHUJDPHQDO¶DYYROVHSRLLQXQD
WHODLQFHUDWDHODFROORFzLQXQEDULOHFKHJHWWzLQPDUH
6H WXWWL PRULYDQR OD UHOD]LRQH GHOOD VFRSHUWD VDUHEEH
VRSUDYYLVVXWD 0D SHU LURQLD GHOOD VRUWH WXWWL VL
VDOYDURQRPHQRLOEDULOH
,ODUULYDURQRQHOO¶LVRODGL6DQWD0DULDXQDGHOOH$]]RUUH
8QD PHWj GHOO¶HTXLSDJJLR VFHVH D WHUUD SHU SUHJDUH QHOOD
FKLHVD GL µ1RVVD 6HQKRUD GRV $QMRV 1RVWUD 6LJQRUD GHJOL
$QJHOL PD IX FDWWXUDWD GDL SRUWRJKHVL FKH VL GLVSXWDYDQR
O¶2FHDQR FRQ JOL VSDJQROL )LQDOPHQWH JOL LVRODQL VL
FRQYLQVHURFKHOHFUHGHQ]LDOLUHDOLFKHDYHYD&RORPERHUDQR
DXWHQWLFKH H LO IHEEUDLR ODVFLDURQR SDUWLUH OD QDYH FRQ
O¶HTXLSDJJLRDOFRPSOHWR
8Q¶DOWUD VSDYHQWRVD WHPSHVWD OL VRUSUHVH YLFLQR DOOH FRVWH
LEHULFKH H µ/D 1LxD¶ IX VFDUDYHQWDWD ILQR DOO¶LPERFFDWXUD GHO
7DJRDGDOFXQLNLORPHWULGD/LVERQDGRYHDQFRUz
$3RUWR5HVWHOR
%DUWRORPHR 'LDV OR VWHVVR FKH FLQTXH DQQL SULPD
DYHYD GRSSLDWR LO &DSR GL %XRQD 6SHUDQ]D LQYLWz &RORPER
VXOODVXDQDYHDIILQFKpV¶LGHQWLILFDVVH&RORPERJOLPDQGzD
GLUHFKHHUDO¶$PPLUDJOLRGHO0DUH2FHDQRHFKHYHQLVVHOXL
D IDUJOL YLVLWD H UHQGHUJOL RPDJJLR 'LDV FL DQGz HVDPLQz L
GRFXPHQWL UHDOL H GRSR XQ SDLR GL JLRUQL XQ PHVVDJJHUR
GHO UH *LRYDQQL ,, FRPXQLFz D &RORPER FKH 6XD 0DHVWj
YROHYD YHGHUOR H FKH DYHYD GDWR O¶RUGLQH GL DSULUJOL XQ
FUHGLWRLOOLPLWDWRDIILQFKpSRWHVVHULSDUDUHOHDYDULHGHOODVXD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QDYH H ULIRUQLUVL GL WXWWR FLz FKH HUD QHFHVVDULR SHU LO UHVWR
GHOYLDJJLRGLULWRUQR
&RORPER WHPHYD XQ LQFRQFRQWUR FRQ 5H GHO 3RUWRJDOOR PD
HUDDQFKHIRUWHLQOXLODWHQWD]LRQHGLFRPSDULUHWULRQIDQWHLQ
VXDSUHVHQ]DHGLPRVWUDJOLFKHDYHYDVEDJOLDWRGLJURVVRGL
QRQDYHUJOLFRQFHVVRFLzFKHJOLDYHYDFKLHVWR,QRJQLPRGR
QRQSRWHYDULILXWDUHO¶RUGLQHGHO5HPDYROOHSUHPXQLUVLQHO
FDVRLQFXLJOLIRVVHVXFFHVVRTXDOFRVDHLQYLzXQDOHWWHUDD
6DQW¶$QJHO FRQ OD UHOD]LRQH GHO YLDJJLR QHO FDVR LQ FXL JOL
IRVVHVXFFHVVRTXDOFRVD
*LRYDQQL ,, OR ULFHYHWWH FRQ WXWWL JOL RQRUL GRYXWL DG XQ
DPPLUDJOLRSHUPHWWHQGRJOLGLFRPSDULUHLQVXDSUHVHQ]DFRO
FDSR FRSHUWR QRQ IHFH DOOXVLRQH DO SDVVDWR VL UDOOHJUz FRQ
OXL
0D JOL IHFH RVVHUYDUH FKH WXWWH OH WHUUH GHOO¶2FHDQR
7HQHEURVR JOL DSSDUWHQHYDQR &RORPER ULVSRVH FKH
VRODPHQWH L 0RQDUFKL GHO 3RUWRJDOOR H GHOOD 6SDJQD
SRWHYDQRPHWWHUVLG¶DFFRUGRHGHFLGHUHXQDJLXVWDVROX]LRQH
GHO SUREOHPD $OFXQL FRUWLJLDQL FRQVLJOLDURQR DO 5H GL IDU
VRSSULPHUH&RORPERPDTXHVWLSHQVzFKHVDUHEEHVWDWRXQ
LQXWLOH GHOLWWR GDWR FKH OD 6SDJQD HUD JLj VWDWD LQIRUPDWD
GHOODVFRSHUWD
µ/D 1LxD¶ SURVHJXu LO VXR YLDJJLR H LO PDU]R HQWUz QHO
SRUWRGL3DORVPHQWUHµ/D3LQWD¶DYHYDHYLWDWROH$]]RUUHH
VSLQWD GDOOH FRUUHQWL DSSURGz D %D\RQD YLFLQR 9LJR LQ
*DOL]LD 3LQ]yQ V¶DIIUHWWz D PDQGDUH XQ PHVVDJJLR DL 5H GL
6SDJQD FKLHGHQGR LO SHUPHVVR GL HVVHUH ULFHYXWR D &RUWH
PD TXHVWL JOL ULVSRVHUR FKH GRYHYD DVSHWWDUH O¶DUULYR
GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR3LQ]yQXPLOLDWRHVFRUDJJLDWRVLGLUHVVHD
3DORV QHO FXL SRUWR YLGH FRQ JUDQ VRUSUHVD DQFRUDWD µ/D
1LxD¶ 6EDUFz H VL ULQFKLXVH LQ FDVD VHQ]D YROHU YHGHU
QHVVXQRHGRSRDOFXQLJLRUQLPRUu
7XWWD3DORVULFHYHWWHJOLHTXLSDJJLGHOOHGXHQDYLFRQJUDQGL
IHVWH &RORPER FRPSu L VXRL YRWL VL UHFz DOOD 5iELGD D
YLVLWDUH L VXRL DPLFL IUDQFHVFDQL H ILQDOPHQWH FKLDPDWR GDL
5HGL6SDJQDSDUWuSHU%DUFHOORQDSDVVDQGRSHU&RUGRYDH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
6LYLJOLD GRYH OR YLGH %DUWRORPp GH ODV &DVDV DQFRUD
EDPELQR H OR YLGHUR H OR DSSODXGLURQR PLJOLDLD GL SHUVRQH
GXUDQWH LO VXR YLDJJLR G¶XQD VHWWLPDQD SHU JLXQJHUH D
%DUFHOORQD GRYH DQFKH Ou IX ULFHYXWR FRQ JUDQGL IHVWH HG
RQRUL
$OFXQL ELRJUDIL ELDVLPDQR &RORPER FKH SHU YDQLWj H
RUJRJOLR QRQ V¶HUD IDWWR DFRPSDJQDUH GD WXWWL H GXH JOL
HTXLSDJJL DO FRPSOHWR PD VROR GD DOFXQL XIILFLDOL H GD VHL
LQGLRV &RPH VH IRVVH VWDWR OXL H QRQ L 5H GL 6SDJQD D
GHFLGHUHFKLGRYHYDFRPSDULUHDOODORURSUHVHQ]D
&RORPER IHFH XQD UHOD]LRQH GHO VXR YLDJJLR RIIUu ORUR WXWWR
FLz FKH DYHYD SRUWDWR FRPSUHVL JOL LQGLRV FKH IXURQR
EDWWH]]DWL8QRGLORURUHVWzLQ6SDJQDHPRUuGRSRXQSDLR
G¶DQQL
, 5H GL 6SDJQD OR ULFHYHWWHUR FRPH XQ *UDQGH GL
6SDJQDVROHQQHPHQWHJOLFRQIHUPDURQRLSULYLOHJLFRQFHVVL
QHOOH µ&DSLWROD]LRQL¶ H WXWWL DVVLVWHWWHUR D XQ 7H 'HXP QHOOD
FDSSHOOD UHDOH /D JORULD GL &RORPER DYDYD UDJJLXQWR LO VXR
DSRJHR ,O VRJQR SHU LO TXDOH DYHYD YLVVXWR H ORWWDWR V¶HUD
DYYHUDWR 'D TXL LQ DYDQWL OD IRUWXQD FRPLQFLz D YROWDUJOL
LQHVRUDELOPHQWHOHVSDOOH
$TXHLJLRUQLEDUFHOORQHVLVHPEUDFKHDSSDUWLHQHO¶DQHGGRWR
GHOO¶XRYR FKH DQFRUD VL UDFFRQWD XQ SR¶ GDSSHUWXWWR
TXDQGR VL YXRO GLPRVWUDUH FKH q IDFLOH ULSHWHUH FLz FKH
KDQQR JLj IDWWR JOL DOWUL PD q GLIILFLOH IDUOR SHU SULPL 6L
UDFFRQWD LQIDWWL FKH 3HGUR *RQ]iOH] GH 0HQGR]D RIIUu XQ
EDQFKHWWRD&RORPERHXQRGHOFRPPHQVDOLLQYLGLRVRLWRQWL
H JOL LJQRUDQWL VHPSUH VL EXUODQR GHL JHQL H FHUFDQR GL
GHQLJUDUOL JOL GLVVH FKH VH OXL QRQ DYHVVH VFRSHUWR TXHOOD
URWWDHTXHOOHLVROHXQDOWURORDYUHEEHIDWWRSUHVWRRWDUGL
SHU FXL LO VXR PHULWR HUD PROWR UHODWLYR &RORPER ULVSRVH
SUHQGHQGR XQ XRYR VRGR H LQYLWDQGR L SUHVHQWL D IDUOR VWDU
GLULWWRVXOWDYROR/¶XRYRIHFHLOJLURGHOWDYRORPDQHVVXQR
IX FDSDFH GL PDQWHQHUOR GLULWWR $OORUD &RORPER OR VEDWWp
FRQIHUPH]]DVXOWDYRORIDFHQGRORUHVWDUGLULWWRVXXQDGHOOH
VXH HVWUHPLWj 7XWWL DYUHEEHUR SRWXWR IDUOR VH DYHVVHUR
DYXWR XQ SL]]LFR G¶LPPDJLQD]LRQH H GL FRUDJJLR PD QRQ OR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
IHFHUR PHQWUH &RORPER O¶DYHYD IDWWR HG RUD QRQ DYUHEEH
DYXWRQHVVXQPHULWRFROXLFKHDYHVVHFHUFDWRG¶LPLWDUOR
8Q¶DOWUD FXULRVLWj FKH KD GDWR OXRJR D PROWH HORFXEUD]LRQL
VWUDQH q OD ILUPD FKH O¶$PPLUDJOLR FRPLQFLz DG XVDUH LQ
PRGR GLYHUVR HG HQLJPDWLFR GDO VXR DUULYR D %DUFHOORQD
6
6$6
;0<
;SR)(5(16
( FKH SRWUHEEH VLJQLILFDUH VHFRQGR DOFXQL ;ULVWyIRUR
$PPLUDJOLR 0DJJLRUH GHOOH <QGLH ± 6RWWR 6FULVVH ±
;ULVWyIRUR3RUWDWRUHFROXLFKHSRUWDRFRQGXFHSHU&ULVWR
,QYHFH 0RULVRQ VXJJHULVFH6HUYXV6XP$OWLVVLPL6DOYDWRULV
±;ULVWyV0DULDH<LRQILJOLR
%
O$OFXQLELRJUDILVFULYRQRFKHIXVFHOWRLOSRUWRGL3DORVGDWR
FKHJOLDOWULSRUWL&DGLFH6DQWD0DULD6LYLJOLDHUDQRVRWWR
ODJLXULVGL]LRQHGHL0HGLQD6LGRQLDHGHL0DGLQDFHOLPHQWUH
L 5H GL 6SDJQD QH YROHYDQR XQR FKH GLSHQGHVVH
GLUHWWDPHQWH GDOOD &RURQD PHQWUH DOWUL VFULWWRUL DIIHUPDQR
FKH WXWWL JOL DOWUL SRUWL HUDQR SLHQL G¶LPEDUFD]LRQL SHU
O¶HVSXOVLRQHGDOOD6SDJQDGLPLJOLDLDGLIDPLJOLHHEUHHÊSL
SUREDELOHFKHVLVFHOVH3DORVDFDXVDGHOODPXOWDFKHTXHVWR
SRUWR GRYHYD SDJDUH DL 5H ,QROWUH DYHYD LO YDQWDJJLR GL
HVVHUHYLFLQDDOOD5iELGDGRYHLIUDWL3pUH]H0DUFKHQDFKH
V¶HUDQR WDQWR LQWHUHVVDWL DO SURJHWWR GL &RORPER SRWHYDQR
DLXWDUORDULVROYHUHLSUREOHPLFKHVLFXUDPHQWHVLVDUHEEHUR
SUHVHQWDWL
'XUDQWH L SURFHVVL WUD JOL HUHGL GL &RORPER H OD &RURQD
FKH GXUDURQR YHQWLFLQTXH DQQL TXHVWD FHUFz WHVWL D VXR
IDYRUHDOFXQLGHLTXDOLGLFKLDUDURQRFKHJOLDELWDQWLGL3DORV
QRQYROHYDQRLPEDUFDUVLDOFRPDQGRG¶XQRVWUDQLHURHWDQWR
PHQR SHU DWWUDYHUVDUH O¶2FHDQR 7HQHEURVR PD FKH L
PHPEUL GHOOD IDPLJOLD 3LQ]yQ PROWR QRWL H VWLPDWL LQ TXHL
SDUDJJLOLFRQYLQVHURSURPHWWHQGRORURSDUWHGHOOHULFFKH]]H
FKH DYUHEEHUR WURYDWR QHOOH IDYRORVH WHUUH DVLDWLFKH ,Q
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GHILQLWLYD LO 5H )HUQDQGR GDWR FKH ,VDEHOOD HUD JLj PRUWD
FHUFDYD FRQ WXWWL L PH]]L GL GLPRVWUDUH FKH LO PHULWR GHOOH
VFRSHUWHQRQHUDUHDOPHQWHGL&RORPERPDGHL3LQ]yQFKH
HUDQR VSDJQROL H QRQ V¶HUD ILUPDWD FRQ ORUR QHVVXQD
&DSLWROD]LRQH &L VRQRDQFRUDPROWHSHUVRQHLQ6SDJQDFKH
FUHGRQR FKH 0DUWtQ $ORQVR 3LQ]yQ LO PDJJLRUH GHL IUDWHOOL
VLD LO YHUR VFRSULWRUH GHOO¶$PHULFD FRP¶q VFULWWR
FDQGLGDPHQWH VXOOD ODSLGH GHO PRQXPHQWR D OXL HUHWWR D
3DORV ,QROWUH QHL OLEUL VFRODVWLFL VSDJQROL VL OHJJH FKH
&RORPER HUD QDWR SUREDELOPHQWH D*pQRYD VHQ]D GLUH FKH
HUD LWDOLDQR VSHFXODQGR VXO IDWWR FKH SRFKL VDQQR FKH
TXHVWD FLWWj VL WURYD LQ ,WDOLD H FUHGRQR FKH VL WUDWWL GL
TXDOFKHSDHVHWWRVSDJQROR
( VLFFRPH OH OHJJHQGH JHQHUDQR DOWUH OHJJHQGH QRQ PDQFz
FKL VFULVVH FKH TXHVWR 3LQ]yQ DYHYD FRPSLXWR
SUHFHGHQWHPHQWH XQ YLDJJLR LQ ,WDOLD PD QRQ SHU YHQGHU
VDUGLQH FRPH HUD LO VXR PHVWLHUH PD SHU UHFDUVL LQ
9DWLFDQR GRYH DYHYD DPLFL]LH LPSRUWDQWL FKH JOL SHUPLVHUR
G¶LQYHVWLJDUH H VFRSULUH QHJOL DUFKLYL LO VHJUHWR GHOOD URWWD
SHU DWWUDYHUVDUH QLHQWH PHQR O¶2FHDQR 7HQHEURVR (G q
SHU TXHVWR ±VHFRQGR WDOL VLJQRUL ±FKH &RORPER HUD FRVu
VLFXURGHOODVXDURWWDHGLWURYDUHWHUUHUHODWLYDPHQWHYLFLQH
0D F¶q DQFKH GHOO¶DOWUR GXUDQWH L SURFHVVL L GLIHQVRUL GHOOD
&RURQD FRQYLQVHUR L 3LQ]yQ D UHFODPDU O¶HUHGLWj GHOOD
VFRSHUWD WRJOLHQGROD DL GLVFHQGHQWL GL &RORPER PD
SRVWHULRUPHQWH OL FRQVLJOLDURQR GL ULWUDUVL GDWR FKH OH ORUR
SUHWHVHVLEDVDYDQRVXSURYHULGLFROHHDVVXUGH
/R VFULWWRUH &DUORV 3HUH\UD VSDJQROR FKH RGLD &RORPER
VFULVVHFKHVLFXUDPHQWHXQRGHL3LQ]yQDLTXDOLYDWXWWDOD
VXD VLPSDWLD R DOWUH GLHFLQH GL VSDJQROL SUHVWR R WDUGL
DYUHEEHUR VFRSHUWR O¶$PHULFD &HUWDPHQWH WXWWH OH
LQYHQ]LRQLHOHVFRSHUWHDYUHEEHURSRWXWRHVVHUHVWDWHIDWWH
GD DOWUH SHUVRQH VH QRQ OH DYHVVHUR IDWWH SHU SULPL L YHUL
LQYHQWRUL H VFRSULWRUL PD LO µSLFFROR SDUWLFRODUH¶ q SURSULR
TXHOORGLHVVHUQHVWDWLLSULPL3RLQRQVLFDSLVFHSHUFKpSHU
IRU]DDYUHEEHGRYXWRHVVHUHXQRVSDJQRORHSHUFKpQRHD
PDJJLRU UDJLRQH XQ SRUWRJKHVH" 2 XQ DOWUR LWDOLDQR FRPH
&DERWRR9HVSXFFL"
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
3UREDELOPHQWH IXURQR L YHQH]LDQL FKH QHO VHFROR ;,9
FRVWUXLURQR OH SULPH FDUDYHOOH EDVDQGRVL VX QDYL JLj
HVLVWHQWL DSSURILWWDQGRVL GHOOH HVSHULHQ]H QDXWLFKH IHQLFLH
JUHFKH URPDQH HG DUDEH DOOR VFRSR GL FRVWHJJLDUH LO
0HGLWHUUDQHR H SRL SHU VSLQJHUVL ILQR DOOH )LDQGUH H
DOO¶,QJKLOWHUUD $ ORUR YROWD L SRUWRJKHVL H JOL VSDJQROL YL
DSSRUWDURQRDOWUHPRGLILFD]LRQL*HQHUDOPHQWHDYHYDQRXQD
OXQJKH]]DGLXQDWUHQWLQDGLPHWULWUHDOEHULHFLQTXHYHOH
H QDYLJDYDQR D XQD YHORFLWj GL XQD WUHQWLQD GL FKLORPHWUL
RUDUL 6HFRQGR &D¶ GD 0RVWR QHO VHFROR ;,9 OH PLJOLRUL
FDUDYDOOH HUDQR TXHOOH SRUWRJKHVL HG DQGDOXVH HG HUDQR GL
GLYHUVL WLSL VHFRQGR LO FDQWLHUH GRYH YHQLYDQR FRVWUXLWH
(UDQR OHJJHUH H YHORFL PD VFRPRGH JOL XRPLQL GRUPLYDQR
LQ FRSHUWD DOO¶DULD OLEHUD GRYH H FRPH SRWHYDQR GDWR FKH
F¶HUD XQD VROD FDELQD D SRSSD HG HUD ULVHUYDWD DO
FRPDQGDQWH
µ/D 1LxD¶ QHO VL VDOYz GD XQ¶DOWUD WHPSHVWD FKH
GLVWUXVVHOHDOWUHQDYLLQVLHPHDOOHTXDOLQDYLJDYD1HO
IX LQYLDWD D 5RPD SHU XQ YLDJJLR FRPPHUFLDOH H DO VXR
ULWRUQRIXFDWWXUDWDGDSLUDWLIUDQFHVLYLFLQROHFRVWHVDUGHH
VDFFKHJJLDWDPDSRLULXVFuDIXJJLUH
1HO ULWRUQz DOOD 6SDJQROD SRUWDQGR SURYYLVWH LQ
FRPSDJQLD G¶XQ¶DOWUD QDYH µ/D 6DQWD &UX]¶ /D 6DQWD
&URFH 7XWWDYLD YDUL VFULWWRUL DIIHUPDQR FKH VL WUDWWDYD
G¶XQDQDYHRPRQLPD
*LDFRPR5LPRIXODVFLDWRGD&RORPERQHOIRUWHµ1DYLGDG¶
HIXXFFLVRGD5RGULJR(VFREHGRHGD3HGUR*XWLpUUH]
/H LVROH &DQDULH QRQ HUDQR VWDWH FRQTXLVWDWH
FRPSOHWDPHQWH TXDQGR YL JLXQVH &RORPER /D SRSROD]LRQH
LQGLJHQD GHL µJXDQFKHV¶ ORWWDYD DQFRUD LQ DOFXQH LVROH
FRQWURJO¶LQYDVRULVSDJQROL/DORURVRWWRPLVVLRQHWRWDOHHEEH
OXRJRQHOGRSRDQQLGLORWWH
,O GLDULR GL &RORPER VL SHUGHWWH HG DQFKH OH VXH YDULH
FRSLH TXHOOD FKH FRQRVFLDPR q OD YHUVLRQH LQ VLQWHVL GLIUD¶
%DUWRORPp GH OD &DVDV FKH VL EDVz VX TXHOOD GL )HUQDQGR
&RORPER
/HGLFLDUD]LRQLGHLPDULQDLQHLWULEXQDOLGXUDQWHLSURFHVVL
FRQWUR OD &RURQD IXURQR FRQWUDGLWWRULH 7XWWL HUDQR JLj
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
YHFFKL DOFXQL GL ORUR WHVWLPRQLDURQR D IDYRUH GL &RORPER
DOWUL FRQWUR +HUQiQ 3pUH] 0DWHRV FXJLQR GHL 3LQ]yQ QHO
DOO¶HWj GL DQQL GLFKLDUz FKH D XQ FHUWR SXQWR
&RORPER V¶HUD VFRUDJJLDWR H IX 3LQ]yQ FKH OR LQFLWz D
SURVHJXLUH 6HFRQGR )UDQFLVFR 0RUDOHV &RORPER IX VHPSUH
HQHUJLFR H VLFXUR GL Vp PHQWUH OD PDJJLRUDQ]D GHJOL
HTXLSDJJLFRPLQFLDYDDVFRUDJJLDUVL
)UD¶ %DUWRORPp GH ODV &DVDV V¶LQGLJQz FRQ *RQ]DOR
)HUQiQGH] GH 2YLHGR \ 9DOGpV SHUFKp VFULVVH FKH HUD
SRVVLELOH FKH &RORPER GL IUHQWH D WDQWL SUREOHPL DG XQ
FHUWR PRPHQWR VL IRVVH VFRUDJJLDWR 'H ODV &DVDV ODVFLz
GHWWR FKH FKL SHQVDYD FRVu GL &RORPER GLPRVWUDYD
VHPSOLFHPHQWHGLQRQFRQRVFHUORLOTXDOHPDLDYHYDHVLWDWR
H JLDPPDL OR DYUHEEH GLPRVWUDWR GDYDQWL O¶HTXLSDJJLR LQ
RJQL PRGR HUD PROWR PROWR SRFR SUREDELOH FKH DYHVVH
DYXWR PRPHQWL GL VFRUDJJLDPHQWR GDWR FKH HUD GLVSRVWR D
WXWWRSXUGLWULRQIDUHDQFKHDFRVWRGHOODVXDYLWD,QPROWH
RFFDVLRQLGLPRVWUzFKHODVXDYLWDJO¶LPSRUWDYDXQFRPLQR
6L WUDWWz GL XQ SUHWHVWR LQ SL SHU DOFXQL GL DFFXVDUH
&RORPER GL µDSSURSULD]LRQH LQGHELWD¶ H GL HVVHUH XQ
LPSURJOLRQH PHQWUH DOWUL OR DFFXVDURQR GL PDQFDQ]D GL
WDWWR GL JHQHURVLWj GL PDJQDQLPLWj 7XWWDYLD VHFRQGR
)HUQDQGR &RORPER QRQ IX O¶$PPLUDJOLR D GHFLGHUH D FKL
GRYHYDDVSHWWDUHLOSUHPLRPDOD5HJLQD$-XDQ5RGUtJXH]
WRFFzLOIDUVHWWRGLVHWDGRQDWRGDL5HGL6SDJQD,QROWUHVL
FUHz XQD YHUD OHJJHQGD VX 5RGUtJXH] FRQ LO VROLWR VFRSR GL
VFUHGLWDUH &RORPER LO µSRYHU¶XRPR¶ PRUWLILFDWR H
DPDUHJJLDWR SHU QRQ DYHU ULFHYXWR LO SUHPLR LQ GHQDUR FKH
JOL VSHWWDYD SHU DYHU VFRSHUWR SHU SULPR OD WHUUD PD FKH
µO¶$PPLUDJOLR V¶HUD DWWULEXLWR FRQ XQ LQJDQQR¶ FRQWLQXz
IDFHQGR LO VXR GRYHUH GL PDULQDLR PD WRUQDWR LQ 6SDJQD
SDVVz GDOOD SDUWH GHL PRUL PDOHGu &RORPER H VL FRQYHUWuDO
LVODPLVPR
2JJLO¶LVRODqGHVHUWDPDRJQLWDQWRqYLVLWDWDGDLQHJUL
FKH RUD DELWDQR OH LVROH $FNLQV GDWR FKH YDQQR D
UDFFRJOLHUYL OD µEXFFLD EDUN¶ FKH VHUYH D GDU VDSRUH
DOO¶DSHULWLYRLWDOLDQRµ&DPSDUL¶
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,O RWWREUH JLj FLHFR PRULYD 3LHUR GHOOD
)UDQFHVFD,QTXHVWRVWHVVRDQQRPRULYDD)LUHQ]H/RUHQ]R
GH¶ 0HGLFL H VDOLYD DO WURQR SRQWLILFLR OR VSDJQROR 5RGULJR
%RUMD FRQRVFLXWR LQ ,WDOLD FRPH %RUJLD FRQ LO QRPH GL
$OHVVDQGUR9,
0DUWLQ %HKDLP JHRJUDIR H QDYLJDWRUH WHGHVFR QDFTXH
D 1RULPEHUJD QHO H PRUu D /LVERQD QHO
&RPPHUFLz LQ WHVVXWL FRQREEH &RORPER H QDYLJzLQ$IULFD
SHUFRQWRGHLSRUWRJKHVLGLVHJQzFDUWHJHRJUDILFKHGLTXHVWL
YLDJJLFKHO¶$PPLUDJOLRFRQVXOWz
$QWRQLR 3LJDIHWWD QDFTXH D 9LFHQ]D QHO H YL PRUu
QHO'LQRELOHIDPLJOLDJLXQVHLQ6SDJQDQHOFRQ
)UDQFHVFR &KLHULFDWR DPEDVFLDWRUH GHO SDSD /HRQH ;
/¶DQQR VHJXHQWH FRQREEH LO SRUWRJKHVH )HUQDQGR GL
0DJHOODQR FKH VWDYD SHU SDUWLUH FRQ OR VFRSR GL WURYDUH XQ
SDVVDJJLR LQ 6XGDPHULFD YHUVR O¶,QGLD H OD &LQD )X
DJJUHJDWR DOO¶HTXLSDJJLR IRPDWR GD VSDJQROL SRUWRJKHVL H
LWDOLDQL(EEHODIXQ]LRQHGLVHJUHWDULRGL0DJHOODQRHVFULVVH
LOGLDULRGHOODVSHGL]LRQH)XIHULWRLQXQFRPEDWWLPHQWRFRQ
JOL LQGLJHQL FKH XFFLVHUR 0DJHOODQR FRQWLQXz LO YLDJJLR VX
XQD GHOOD QDYL VXSHUVWLWL DO FRPDQGR GHOOR VSDJQROR
6HEDVWLiQ(OFDQRFKHIHFHLOJLURFRPSOHWRGHOPRQGRSHUOD
SULPDYROWD
ÊODIDPRVDLVRODGHOOD7RUWXJD7DUWDUXJDFKHGLYHQQH
SLWDUGLODEDVHSULQFLSDOHGHOODSLUDWHULDQHL&DUDLELGXUDQWH
WUHVHFROL
*RQ]DOR)HUQiQGH]GH2YLHGRQDFTXHD0DGULGQHO
HPRUuD9DOODGROLGQHO'DJLRYDQHVYROVHLQFDULFKLLQ
6SDJQD H DOO¶HVWHUR VRSUDWWXWWR LQ ,WDOLD SHU FRQWR GHOOD
&RURQD&RQREEH&RORPERD*UDQDGDORULYLGHD%DUFHOORQD
LQ RFFDVLRQH GHO VXR SULPR YLDJJLR H OR DPPLUz FRPH XQ
JUDQ HURH /DVFLz VFULWWR FKH WXWWL JOL DOWUL VFRSULWRUL H
FRQTXLVWDWRUL PHULWDYDQR OD IDPD VROR VH ULFRQRVFHYDQR
&RORPERµO¶LWDOLDQRGL/LJXULD¶FRPHSUHFHWWRUHHGHVHPSLR
)XDPLFRGL)HUQDQGRHGL'LHJR&RORPERHFKLHVHGLHVVHUH
VHSROWRD6DQWR'RPLQJRYLFLQRDOODWRPEDGHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR
1HO VL UHFz LQ $PHULFD FRPH FRQWUROORUH H VFULYDQR
GHOOH IRQGHULH (EEH RYXQTXH GLIILFROWj SHU LO VXR FDUDWWHUH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
YLROHQWRIXDFHUULPRQHPLFRGHJOLLQGLRVHGLIUD¶%DUWRORPp
GH ODV &DVDV TXH OL GLIHQGHYD ,Q 6SDJQD GRYH ULWRUQz
DUULFFKLWR JUD]LH DJOL LQFDULFKL UHDOL RVWDFROz GH ODV &DVDV
FKHGLIHQGHYDJOLLQGLRV&DUOR9ORQRPLQzVLQGDFRGL6DQWR
'RPLQJR H FURQLVWD JHQHUDOH GHOOH ,QGLH 2FFLGHQWDOL
%DUWRORPp GH ODV &DVDV H )HUQDQGR &RORPER OR RGLDUDQR
TXDQGR VHSSHUR FKH DYHYD VFULWWR FKH OH $QWLOOH HUDQR
DSSDUWHQXWH DOOD 6SDJQD GDOO¶DQWLFKLWj GDQGR FRVu XQ
DUJRPHQWR LQ SL DOOD &RURQD FRQWUR JOL HUHGL GL &RORPER
7XWWDYLD 2YLHGR GHWWH VHPSUH UDJLRQH DL GLVFHQGHQWL
GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR H VL UDOOHJUDYD TXDQGR YLQFHYDQR TXDOFKH
GLEDWWLWR GXUDQWH L SURFHVVL 6FULVVH µ6RPPDULR GL 6WRULD
1DWXUDOHGHOOH,QGLH¶Hµ6WRULD*HQHUDOH1DWXUDOHGHOOH,QGLH¶
µ5DFFRPDQGR 3LHWUR 0DUJDULW FRPDQGDQWH GHO IRUWH GL
1DYLGDG FKH QRQ VLD IDWWR ORUR GHO PDOH Qp GDQQR Qp VLD
SUHVD ORUR FRVD DOFXQD FRQWUR OD ORUR YRORQWj PD ULFHYDQR
RQRUL H VL IDFFLD GL WXWWR DIILQFKp QRQ VL DUUDEELQR¶ 3HUz
&RORPER FRQVLJOLDYD DQFKH FKH VL GRYHYDQR WDJOLDUH OH
RUHFFKLH H LO QDVR DL ODGUL DIILQFKqVHUYLVVH GL VFKHUQR H GL
HVHPSLR &RVu VL XVDYD IDUH LQ TXHOO¶HSRFD LQ FDVL VLPLOL
)LQRDOVHFRORVFRUVRqQRWRULRFKHLEHOJLPXWLODYDQRLQHJUL
GHO &RQJR H FHUWL SDHVL DUDEL DSSOLFDQR DQFRUD TXHVWHSHQH
FRPHFDVWLJRSHUGHWHUPLQDWLGHOLWWL
'XUDQWH L VHFROL VHJXHQWL DOFXQH SHUVRQH LQ FHUFD GL
IDPDHGLGHQDURIDOVLILFDURQRTXHVWDUHOD]LRQHGLFHQGRFKH
O¶DYHYDQRWURYDWDLQXQDRLQXQ¶DOWUDVSLDJJLDHXURSHD
*UDQ]RWWR QDUUD LO FDVR GL XQ JDOOHVH FKH QHO LQ
RFFDVLRQH GHO ,9 FHQWHQDULR GHOOD VFRSHUWD RIIUu LQ YHQGLWD
XQD VXSSRVWD UHOD]LRQH FRORPELDQD GD OXL WURYDWD 1HVVXQR
JOLFUHGHWWHWUDO¶DOWURHUDVFULWWDLQLQJOHVH
%DUWRORPHR'LDVQDFTXHQHOHPRUuQHOIXLO
SULPRQDYLJDWRUHFKHFRVWHJJLzLOVXGGHOO¶$IULFDDSUHQGROD
URWWDWUDO¶(XURSDHO¶,QGLD2ULHQWDOHQHO3DUWHFLSzDOOD
VFRSHUWD GHO %UDVLOH H VSDUu FRQ OD VXD QDYH GXUDQWH XQD
WHPSHVWD YLFLQR DO &DSR GL %XRQD 6SHUDQ]D FKH DYHYD
VFRSHUWRDQQLSULPD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,O UH )HUQDQGR HUD DQFRUD FRQYDOHVFHQWH SHU XQD IHULWD
DO FROOR FKH JOL IHFH XQ GHPHQWH XQ FHUWR -XDQ GH
&DxDPDUHVFKHIXLPPHGLDWDPHQWHJLXVWL]LDWR
&$3,72/29,,,
(&2 '(//$ 6&23(57$&2/20%2 ,7$/,$12$/75(
,1)250$=,21, 68*/, ,1',26',6387( 75$ ,/
32572*$//2 ( /$ 63$*1$,/ 75$77$72 ',
725'(6,//$6,/3$3$$/(66$1'529,
/¶(XURSDULFHYHWWHODSULPDQRWL]LDGHOODVFRSHUWDGDOSURSULR
&RORPER SHU PH]]R GHOOH OHWWHUH FKH DYHYD PDQGDWR GD
/LVERQD D 6DQWiQJHO H D *DEULHO 6iQFKH] SRL WUDGRWWH LQ
ODWLQR H SXEEOLFDWH D 5RPD /D QRWL]LD LQFRPLQFLy D
GLIIRQGHUVL GDSSULPD OHQWDPHQWH LQ ,WDOLD SRL D 3DULJL
%DVLOHD H $QYHUVD TXLQGL QHO UHVWR GHO PRQGR FRQRVFLXWR
/¶XPDQLVWDLWDOLDQR3HGUR0DUWLUGH$QJOHUtDGHOOD&RUWH
UHDOH GL 6SDJQD HUD SUHVHQWH DOO¶DUULYR GL &RORPER D
%DUFHOORQD H VFULVVH DO VXR DPLFR *LRYDQQL %RUURPHR FRQWH
G¶$UDQD D 5RPD XQD OHWWHUD GDWDWD LO PDJJLR FKH
FRPLQFLD FRVu ³8Q FHUWR &ULVWyEDO &ROyQ GL /LJXULD q
WRUQDWR GDJOL DQWLSRGL RFFLGHQWDOL´ ,O SULPR RWWREUH
VFULVVH FRQ FHUWR VFHWWLFLVPR FKH &RORPER SHQVDYD
G¶HVVHUH DUULYDWR D FHUWH LVROH GL IURQWH DOO¶,QGLD H DO
*LDSSRQH H FLz HUD SRVVLELOH WXWWDYLD LO PRQGR GRYHYD
HVVHUHSLJUDQGHGLTXHOORFKHOXLFUHGHYD
1HO QRYHPEUH GHO LQ XQ¶DOWUD OHWWHUD LQYLDWD DO
FDUGLQDOH 6IRU]D XVz LO WHUPLQH µQXRYR PRQGR¶ SHQVDQGR
FKH VL WUDWWDVVH GHOOH LVROH FKH 3WRORPHR QRQ DYHYD
VHJQDODWR TXLQGL VFRQRVFLXWH GDJOL DQWLFKL PD FKH
GRYHYDQR VLWXDUVL YLFLQD DOOD 0DODFFD 1HO DQFKH
&RORPER HUD GHOOD VWHVVD RSLQLRQH 6LD FRPH VLD OD QRWL]LD
HUDPROWRLPSRUWDQWHHULPEDO]zGL&RUWHLQ&RUWHGDSDHVH
DSDHVH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,O FURQLVWD 5X\ GH 3LQD FKH DVVLVWHWWH DOO¶DUULYR
GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLRD/LVERQDVFULVVHFKH³&KULVWRYDR&RORPER
LWDOLDQRDYHYDVFRSHUWROHLVROHGHO&LSDQJRHGHOOH$QWLOOH´
1LFFROz 2GHULFR DPEDVFLDWRUH GL *HQRYD HORJLz L 5H
VSDJQROL SHU OD VFRSHUWD DJJLXQJHQGR ³6FRSULURQR FRQ
JUDQGH VSHVD OXRJKL QDVFRVWL HG LQDFFHVVLELOL VRWWR OD
GLUH]LRQHGL&RORPERQRVWURFRQFLWWDGLQRHTXLQGLDYHYD
GRPDWR GHL EDUEDUL LQFROWL H SRSROL VFRQRVFLXWL H OL HGXFz
QHOODUHOLJLRQHXVLHOHJJL´
3HGUR GH $\DOD DPEDVFLDWRUH VSDJQROR LQ ,QJKLOWHUUD
VFULVVH QHO ULIHUHQGRVL D &DERWR ³/R VFRSULWRUH q XQ
DOWURJHQRYHVHFRPH&RORPER´
6YL]]HUL WHGHVFKL VSDJQROL SRUWRJKHVL IUDQFHVL H
ILDPPLQJKL HG DQFKH WXUFKL SXEEOLFDURQR OH UHOD]LRQL
GHOO¶DUULYRDOOH,QGLH2ULHQWDOLFRQIHUPDQGRFKHO¶DXWRUHHUD
&RORPERJHQRYHVH
,Q,WDOLD)UDQFHVFR*XLFFLDUGLQLQHLSULPLDQQLGHOVHFROR
;9,VFULVVH³3LPHUDYLJOLRVDDQFRUDqVWDWDODQDYLJD]LRQH
GHJOL VSDJQXROL LQFRPLQFLDWD QHO JUD]LH D &ULVWRIRUR
&RORPER JHQRYHVH ,O TXDOH DYHQGR QDYLJDWR SHU LO PDU
2FHDQR H SHQVDQGR GL UHDOL]]DUH DYHQGR RVVHUYDWR FHUWL
YHQWL FLz FKH SRL IX UHDOPHQWH FKLHVH DL 5H GL 6SDJQD
DOFXQH QDYL H QDYLJDQGR YHUVR RFFLGHQWH VFRSUu GRSR
JLRUQL JOL XOWLPL HVWUHPL GHO QRVWUR HPLVIHUR DOFXQH LVROH
GHOOH TXDOL QRQ VL DYHYD QRWL]LD GHOOD ORUR HVLVWHQ]D LVROH
IHOLFL SHU OD ORUR SRVL]LRQH SHU OD IHUWLOLWj GHOOD WHUUD H
SHUFKp VDOYR DOFXQH SRSROD]LRQL PROWR EHOOLFRVH FKH
PDQJLDQR FRUSL XPDQL TXDVL WXWWL JOL DELWDQWL GL FRVWXPL
PROWR VHPSOLFL H VRGGLVIDWWL GL FLz FKH SURGXFH OD QDWXUD
EHQLJQD QRQ VRQR SUHVD Qp GDOO¶DYDUL]LD Qp GDOO¶DPEL]LRQH
PD PROWR IHOLFL SHUFKp QRQ SRVVHGHQGR JOL XRPLQL Qp XQD
FHUWD UHOLJLRQH Qp QRWL]LH GL OHWWHUH Qp DELOLWj GL DUWLJLDQL
Qp DUPL Qp DUWH GHOOD JXHUUD Qp VFLHQ]D Qp HVSHULHQ]D
DOFXQD GHOOH FRVH VRQR TXDVL DQLPDOL GRPHVWLFL H ERWWLQR
PROWR IDFLOH SHU TXDOFXQR FKH OL DWWDFFKL 3HU FRQVHJXHQ]D
JOL VSDJQXROL VHGRWWL GDOOD IDFLOLWj GL RFFXSDUOH H SHU OD
ULFFKH]]D GHO ERWWLQR SRLFKp LQ TXHOOH LVROH HUDQR VWDWH
WURYDWH YHQH G¶RUR PROWR DEERQGDQWL LQFRPLQFLDURQR PROWL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GL TXHOOL D YLYHUH Ou FRPH VH IRVVH VWDWR LO ORUR GRPLFLOLR H
SHQHWUDQGR SL DOO¶LQWHUQR &ULVWRIRUR &RORPER GRSR GL OXL
$PHULJR9HVSXFFLILRUHQWLQRHVXFFHVVLYDPHQWHPROWLDOWUL
KDQQR VFRSHUWR PROWH LVROH H SDHVL JUDQGLVVLPL GL WHUUD
IHUPD H LQ DOFXQL WURYDURQR EXRQH XVDQ]H H EXRQD FLYLOWj
VHEEHQHQHOODPDJJLRUSDUWHQRQWURYDURQRTXHVWHFRVHQp
FRVWUX]LRQL SXEEOLFKH R SULYDWH Qp QHO YHVWLUH Qp QHO
FRQYHUVDUH WXWWH JHQWL SLXWWRVWR FRGDUGL H IDFLOL DG HVVHUH
GHSUHGDWH PD KDQQR WDQWD HVWHQVLRQH TXHVWL QXRYL SDHVL
FKH VRQR VHQ]D SDUDJRQH SL JUDQGL GHOOH WHUUH FKH QRL
FRQRVFLDPR 1HOOH TXDOL WHUUH JOL VSDJQXROL VL HVWHVHUR FRQ
QXRYHJHQWLHQXRYHQDYLJD]LRQLHSUHQGHQGRRURHDUJHQWR
GDOOH YHQH FKH VL WURYDQR LQ PROWL SRVWL H QHOOH VDEELH GHL
ILXPL RSSXUH FRPSUDQGROR GDJOL LQGLJHQL LQ FDPELR GL
RJJHWWL LQVLJQLILFDQWL RSSXUH UXEDQGR TXHOOR FKH TXHOOL
DYHYDQR DFFXPXODWR KDQQR SRUWDWR LQ 6SDJQD TXDQWLWj
LQILQLWH PROWL QDYLJDQGR ILQ Oj SULYDWDPHQWH DQFKH FRO
SHUPHVVR GHL 5H GL 6SDJQD H D SURSULH VSHVH PD RJQXQR
GDQGR DO 5H OD TXLQWD SDUWH GL WXWWR TXHOOR FKH FDYDYDQR R
FKH LQ TXDOFKH PRGR DUULYDYD QHOOH ORUR PDQL /¶DUGLPHQWR
GHJOL VSDJQXROL q DUULYDWR D WDO SXQWR FKH DOFXQH QDYL
DYHQGRUDJJLXQWRLOPH]]RJLRUQRGHLJUDGLVHPSUHOXQJR
ODFRVWDGHOODWHUUDIHUPDHSRLHQWUDQGRLQXQPDUHVWUHWWR
HGLTXLDGXQRFHDQRSLJUDQGHQDYLJDQGRYHUVRRULHQWHH
SRL SURVHJXHQGR OD QDYLJD]LRQH FKH XVDYDQR L SRUWRJKHVL
KDQQR FRPH V¶q GLPRVWUDWR FLUFRQQDYLJDWR WXWWD OD WHUUD
'HJQL L SRUWRJKHVL FRPH JOL VSDJQXROL H SDUWLFRODUPHQWH
&RORPER VFRSULWRUL GL TXHVWD PHUDYLJOLRVD H SL SHULFRORVD
QDYLJD]LRQH GL FKLXQTXH VL FHOHEUL FRQ ORGL HWHUQH OD
SHUL]LDO¶DELOLWjLOFRUDJJLRO¶RVVHUYD]LRQHDFFXUDWDHLVXRL
VIRU]L SHU PH]]R GHL TXDOL q DUULYDWD DO QRVWUR VHFROR OD
QRWL]LD GL IDWWL WDQWR JUDQGL H WDQWR LQVSHUDWL 3HUz VDUHEEH
SL GHJQR G¶HVVHUH FHOHEUDWD OD VXD SURGH]]D VH D WDQWL
SHULFROL H VIRU]L QRQ IRVVHUR VWDWL LQGRWWL GD XQD HVDJHUDWD
VHWH G¶RUR H GL ULFFKH]]H PD SHU OD JORULD GL GDUH D TXHOOL
VWHVVLHDLSRVWHULODQRWL]LDGHOODVFRSHUWDHGLGLIIRQGHUHOD
IHGHFULVWLDQDDQFKHVHTXHVW¶XOWLPRIDWWRVLGHULYzLQDOFXQ
FDVR GDOO¶DOWUR FRPH FRQVHJXHQ]D QDWXUDOH LQIDWWL LQ YDUL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
OXRJKL VRQR VWDWL FRQYHUWLWL JO¶LQGLJHQL DOOD QRVWUD UHOLJLRQH
&RPHFRQVHJXHQ]DGLTXHVWDQDYLJD]LRQHV¶qGLPRVWUDWRFKH
JOLDQWLFKLDYHYDQRVEDJOLDWRLQPROWHFRVHFRQUHOD]LRQHDOOD
WHUUD &RPH LO SRWHU QDYLJDUH SL LQ Oj ROWUH OD OLQHD
HTXDWRULDOH LO SRWHU YLYHUH SL LQ Oj GHOOD OLQHD WRUULGD H
DQFKHFRQWURODORURRSLQLRQHVDSSLDPRGDOODQDYLJD]LRQHGL
DOWUL FKH VL SXz YLYHUH QHOOH ]RQH YLFLQH DL 3ROL QHOOH TXDOL
DIIHUPDQR JOL DQWLFKL FKH QRQ SRWHYD HVVHUFL YLWD SHU LO
WURSSR IUHGGR HVVHQGR ORQWDQH GDO VROH Ê ULVXOWDWR FHUWR
FRQWUDULDPHQWHDFLzFKHDOFXQLDQWLFKLDIIHUPDYDQRHGDOWUL
WUDPDQGDYDQRFKHVRWWRLQRVWULSLHGLHVLVWRQRDOWULDELWDQWL
FKLDPDWL DQWLSRGL 1RQ VROR WDOH QDYLJD]LRQH KD VPHQWLWR
PROWH FRVH DIIHUPDWH GDJOL VFULWWRUL GL FRVH WHUUHQH EHQVu
DSSRUWDQGRROWUHFLzDOFXQHGLIILFROWjSHUJOLLQWHUSUHWLGHOOH
6DFUH 6FULWWXUH L TXDOL HUDQR VROLWL LQWHUSUHWDUOH FKH TXHO
YHUVR GHO VDOPR FKH GLFH µ&KH LQ WXWWD OD WHUUD VL OHYz LO
VXRQR GL TXHOOL H DL FRQILQL GHO PRQGR OH ORUR SDUROH¶
VLJQLILFD FKH OD IHGH GL &ULVWR IRVVH SHU ERFFDGHJOLDSRVWROL
SHQHWUDWD LQ WXWWH OH SDUWL GHO PRQGR ,QWHUSUHWD]LRQH
ORQWDQDGDOODYHULWjGDWRFKHQRQDYHQGRDOFXQDQRWL]LDGL
TXHVWH WHUUH Qp WURYDQGR DOFXQ VHJQDOH R UHOLTXLD GHOOD
QRVWUD IHGH GREELDPR FRQFOXGHUH FKH OD IHGH GL &ULVWR VL
GLIIXVH Ou SULPD H SRL VL SHUVH R FKH TXHVWD SDUWH WDQWR
DPSLDGHOPRQGRQRQHUDVWDWDPDLILQRDGRUDVFRSHUWDR
WURYDWDGDXRPLQLGHOQRVWURHPLVIHUR´
*Lj *XLFFLDUGLQL ULVDOWDYD IDWWL H SURSRQHYD VROX]LRQL FKH
GXUDQWH VHFROL VL GLVFXVVHUR LQYDQR JLXQJHQGR VSHVVR D
VROX]LRQLDVVXUGH
D ,O PHULWR GHOOD VFRSHUWD FRVu PHUDYLJOLRVD HUD GHJOL
VSDJQROLHGL&RORPER
E &RORPERHUDJHQRYHVHHSHUFLzLWDOLDQR
F &RORPER DYHYD VWXGLDWR FRQ SUHFLVLRQH FHUWL YHQWL H
VHSSH WUDUQH FRQFOXVLRQL H SURILWWR µLQYHQWz¶ WDOH
QDYLJD]LRQHPHUDYLJOLRVDHSHULFRORVD
G %LVRJQDHORJLDUHHULFRQRVFHUHLOPHULWRGHLSRSROLODWLQL
SRUWRJKHVLVSDJQROLHGLWDOLDQLGLWDOLJUDQGLRVHSURGH]]H
FRPXQL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
H 8Q PHULWR DQFRUD SL JUDQGH DYUHEEHUR DYXWR VH LO ORUR
SULQFLSDOH VFRSR QRQ IRVVH VWDWR TXHOOR GHOO¶DYLGLWj
GHOO¶RURHGLDOWUHULFFKH]]H
/¶XQLFD HVDJHUD]LRQH H QRQ GD DWWULEXLUH D *XLFFLDUGLQL
EHQVu DOOR VWHVVR &RORPER H GL TXHOOL FKH OR
DFFRPSDJQDURQR IX O¶DIIDUH GHOOH µYHWWH DEERQGDQWL G¶RUR¶
WURYDWHGDJOLVSDJQROL
,QUHDOWjQRQDYHYDQRWURYDWRWDQWRRURPDVROWDQWRSLFFROH
TXDQWLWj FKH JOL LQGLRV XVDYDQR FRPH DGRUQR 3HUz
O¶RVVHVVLRQH GHOO¶RUR HUD FRVu IRUWH FKH WXWWL VSHUDYDQR GL
WURYDUQHLQJUDQGLTXDQWLWjSUHVWRRWDUGL,QROWUHWXWWLTXHOOL
FKH ULWRUQDYDQR LQ 6SDJQD UDFFRQWDYDQR FRVH FRVu
PHUDYLJOLRVH OD PDJJLRU SDUWH LQYHQWDWH FKH PROWLVVLPH
SHUVRQHIDFHYDGLWXWWRSHUSDUWLUHSHUOH,QGLH
&RORPER VWHVVR IDFHYD LO SRVVLELOH SHU UDVVLFXUDUH L 5H GL
6SDJQD FKH O¶RUR HUD TXDVL D SRUWDWD GL PDQR ELVRJQDYD
VRODPHQWH RWWHQHUOR FRQ XQ FHUWR VIRU]R DOOXQJDQGR OD
PDQR H SHU WUDQTXLOOL]]DUOL SURPHWWHYD ORUR FRQWLQXDPHQWH
FKHSUHVWRO¶DYUHEEHURRWWHQXWRHSLO¶RURHUDVFDUVRHSL
FHUFDYDGLGLVWUDUOLFRQGHVFUL]LRQLG¶XQDQDWXUDSDUDGLVLDFD
GLIDXQDHVRWLFDHG¶LQGLJHQLFKHYLYHYDQRLQXQDLGHDOHHWj
GHOO¶RUR
*OLVSDJQROLVLUHVHURFRQWRFKHYLHUDQRUHDOPHQWHGXHWLSL
GLYHUVL GL LQGLRV F¶HUDQR TXHOOL FKH HUDQR FRVu LQQRFHQWL
LQJHQXL H WLPRURVL FKH SRFKL HXURSHL DUPDWL QH SRWHYDQR
VRJJLRJDUHIDFLOPHQWHPLJOLDLD(UDQRRVSLWDOLHVHQVLELOLPD
QRQ SLDFHYD ORUR ODYRUDUH FRVLFFKp IDFHYDQR ODYRUDUH OH
GRQQH FDFFLDYDQR H PDQJLDYDQR XFFHOOL OXFHUWROH YHUPL
ELVFH H UDQH 9LYHYDQR SHU PDQJLDUH FDFFLDUH DYHU
UHOD]LRQLVHVVXDOLHQLHQW¶DOWUR'RUPLYDQRLQDPDFKHLOORUR
DQLPDOHGRPHVWLFRHUDLOFDQHHGXUDQWHOHFHULPRQLHVHOR
PDQJLDYDQR$GRUDYDQRLOFLHOROHVWHOOHLYHQWLLILXPLHGLO
VROH
0LFKHOH GD &XQHR VFULVVH FKH HUDQR VRGRPLWL
FRSXODYDQR TXDQGR QH DYHYDQR YRJOLD VHQ]D LPSRUWDU ORUR
GRYH VL WURYDYDQR PD QRQ HUDQR JHORVL &H Q¶HUDQR DOWUL
LQYHFHFKHHUDQREHOOLFRVLHFDQQLEDOL6HPSUHVHFRQGRLOGD
&XQHRVHFDWWXUDYDQRXRPLQLGLDOWUHWULEVHOLPDQJLDYDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
PDVHHUDQRGRQQHDYHYDQRFRQORURUHOD]LRQLVHVVXDOLHVH
QH QDVFHYDQR GHL ILJOL PDVFKL OL DOOHYDYDQR OL FDVWUDYDQR
DIILQFKp LQJUDVVDVVHUR H SRL VH OL PDQJLDYDQR ³&RPH QRL
IDFFLDPRFRLFDSSRQLHLFDSUHWWL´
,Q SRFKL DQQL L FDQQLEDOL IXURQR VWHUPLQDWL SHUFKp HUDQR
FDWWLYLPDDQFKHJOLDOWULSHUFKpHUDQRWURSSREXRQL
6FRSHUWDDYYHQXWDHUDQHFHVVDULRHGXUJHQWHGHILQLUHG¶XQD
EXRQD YROWD TXDOL HUDQR OH ]RQH FKH GRYHYDQR DSSDUWHQHUH
DO 3RUWRJDOOR H TXDOL DO 5HJQR GL &DVWLJOLD FRQ OR VFRSR GL
SUHYHQLUHSRVVLELOLFRQIOLWWLDUPDWLWUDLGXHSDHVL(VLVWHYDQR
JLj WUDWWDWL WUD OH GXH QD]LRQL FRPH TXHOOR GL $OFDoRYDV
FKHDWWULEXLYDOHLVROH&DQDULHDO5HJQRGL&DVWLJOLD
HODFRVWDRFFLGHQWDOHDIULFDQDDO3RUWRJDOORPDOHVFRSHUWH
FRORPELDQH UDSSUHVHQWDYDQR QXRYH FRQTXLVWH FKH
UHQGHYDQRQHFHVVDULGHLFDPEL
$SSURILWWDQGRGHOIDWWRFKHLOSDSD$OHVVDQGUR,9GRYHYD
DL5HGL6SDJQDODVXDHOH]LRQHDOWURQRSRQWLILFLR)HUQDQGR
H ,VDEHOOD VHJXHQGR L FRQVLJOL GL &RORPER FRQ UHOD]LRQH
DOO¶HVDWWDSRVL]LRQHGHOOHLVROHLQFRQWUDWHJOLIHFHURHPHWWHUH
YDULHEROOHFKHFRQIHUPDYDQRLOSRVVHVVRGL&DVWLJOLDH/HyQ
VXWXWWHOHQXRYHWHUUHVFRSHUWH
1HO OD µ,QWHU &°WHUD¶ DOOD TXDOH VHJXLURQR OH µ,QWHU
&°WHUD ,,¶ µ([LPL 'HYRWLRQLV¶ µ3LL )LGHOLV¶ H µ'XGXP
6HTXLWHP¶ ILVVz XQD OLQHD LPDJLQDULD DQFKH TXHVWD
VXJJHULWD GD &RORPER FKH GLYLGHYD YHUWLFDOPHQWH LQ GXH
SDUWLO¶2FHDQR$WOiQWLFRFKHSDVVDYDDXQFHQWLQDLRGLOHJKH
DGRFFLGHQWHGHOOHLVROH$]]RUUHHTXHOOHGHO&DSR9HUGHFKH
FRLQFLGHYD SUHFLVDPHQWH FRQ TXHOOD GL QXOOD LQFOLQD]LRQH
PDJQHWLFD FKH TXHVWL DYHYD LQFRQWUDWR QHOOD VXD
QDYLJD]LRQH 7XWWH OH WHUUH VFRSHUWH DG RULHQWH GL TXHVWD
OLQHD GRYHYDQR DSSDUWHQHUH DO 3RUWRJDOOR FRQ HFFH]LRQH
GHOOH &DQDULH PHQWUH TXHOOH DG RFFLGHQWH GRYHYDQR
DSSDUWHQHUH DO 5HJQR GL &DVWLJOLD H /HyQ ,O UH *LRYDQQL ,,
GHO 3RUWRJDOOR QRQ IX G¶DFFRUGR PD QRQ YROHQGR ULVFKLDUH
XQDJXHUUDSHUXQDPDQFLDWDG¶LVROHVLUDVVHJQzPDFKLHVH
FKH OD OLQHD IRVVH VSRVWDWD D IDYRUH GHO 3RUWRJDOOR GL FLUFD
OHJKH DG RFFLGHQWH , 5H VSDJQROL DFFRQVHQWLURQR H VL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
ILUPzLOIDPRVRWUDWWDWRGL7RUGHVLOODVLOJLXJQRGHO
FKHSHUPLVHSLWDUGLDO3RUWRJDOORGLUHFODPDUHHGRWWHQHUH
LO%UDVLOH
,SDUDJUDILSULQFLSDOLGLFRGHVWRWUDWWDWRHUDQRLVHJXHQWL
D 6LILVVDYDLOPHULGLDQRGLGLYLVLRQHDOHJKHDGRULHQWH
GHOOHLVROHGHO&DSR9HUGHODVFLDQGRO¶RFFLGHQWHDO5HJQR
GL&DVWLJOLDHO¶RULHQWHDO3RUWRJDOOR
E /HGXHQD]LRQLV¶LPSHJQDYDQRDQRQHVSORUDUHO¶HPLVIHUR
QRQ VXR H D FHGHUH OH WHUUH FKH HYHQWXDOPHQWH
VFRSULVVHUR SHU FDVRR SHU HUURUH DSSDUWHQHQWL DOO¶DOWUD
QD]LRQH
F 6L ILVVDYD XQ WHUPLQH GL WUH PHVL SHU GHILQLUH
HVDWWDPHQWH OD SRVL]LRQH GHO PHULGLDQR /H GXH QD]LRQL
DYUHEEHUR LQYLDWR FDUDYHOOH FRQ DVWURQRPLDVWURORJL
ILORVRIL H PDULQDL DOOD *UDQ &DQDULD H GD Ou DO &DSR
9HUGH FRQ OR VFRSR GL VHJQDUH OH OHJKH VXOOH FDUWH
JHRJUDILFKH
G , FDVWLJOLDQL HUDQR DXWRUL]]DWL DG DWUDYHUVDUH OD ]RQD
SRUWRJKHVH SHU QDYLJDUH YHUVR O¶RYHVW PD VHQ]D
IHUPDUVLSHUHVSORUD]LRQLRVFRSHUWH
,O 3DSD FRPH WULEXQDOH VXSUHPR DOOD PDQLHUDPHGLRHYDOH
GHFLGHYD FRPH VL GRYHYD VSDUWLUH LO PRQGR UHFHQWHPHQWH
VFRSHUWRHTXHOORGDVFRSULUHOHDOWUHQD]LRQLFKHVLIRVVHUR
D]]DUGDWH D QRQ ULVSHWWDUH FRQ L IDWWL LO VXGGHWWR WUDWWDWR H
OH HYHQWXDOL EROOH UHODWLYH VDUHEEHUR LQFRUVH LQ VDQ]LRQL
SDSDOL
&RVu LO SDSD GRQDYD FRQFHGHYD HG DVVHJQDYD OH WHUUH FRQ
DELWDQWLHWXWWRDL5HVXRLDPLFLTXHVWLDLORURJRYHUQDWRULR
YLFHUpFKHDORURYROWDOHSDVVDYDQRDLORURDPLFLHSDUHQWL
,QTXHJOLDQQLQHVVXQ¶DOWUDQD]LRQHHXURSHDDYHYDLQWHUHVVH
DG DWWUDYDUVDUH O¶2FHDQR 7HQHEURVR R VHPSOLFHPHQWH QRQ
DYHYD OD IRU]D HFRQRPLFRPLOLWDUH VXIILFLHQWH SHU RSSRUVL DO
3DSDDO3RUWRJDOORHDO5HJQRGL&DVWLJOLDH/HyQ
1RQRVWDQWHFLz)UDQFHVFR,UHGL)UDQFLDGLFKLDUz
³,O VROH EULOOD SHU PH FRPH SHU JOL DOWUL 0¶LWHUHVVHUHEEH
YHGHUH OD FODXVXOD GHO WHVWDPHQWR G¶$GDPR GRYH PL VL
HVFOXGHGDXQDSDUWHGHOPRQGR´
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
*LXOLR,,QHOFRQIHUPDYDLOWUDWWDWRGL7RUGHVLOODVFRQ
OD EROOD µ(D 4X ¶ H /HRQH ; QHO FRQ OD µ3U FHOV
'HYRWLRQLV¶FRQIHUPDYDDO3RUWRJDOORLGLULWWLVXOODURWWDYHUVR
OH,QGLH2ULHQWDOLFLUFRQQDYLJDQGRO¶$IULFDLWHUULWRULVFRSHUWL
DGRULHQWHHGLO%UDVLOHDGRFFLGHQWH
&RPH TXDVL VHPSUH VXFFHGH LQ FLUFRVWDQ]H VLPLOL RJQXQR
SHQVz FRPH YLRODUH LO WUDWWDWR GLSORPDWLFDPHQWH R
VIURQWDWDPHQWH VHFRQGR L FDVL ,O 3RUWRJDOOR ROWUHSDVVz OH
OHJKH FRQTXLVWDQGR WXWWR LO WHUULWRULR FKH FRPSUHQGH LO
%UDVLOH DWWXDOH OD 6SDJQD ROWUHSDVVz OD OLQHD GHO 3DFLILFR
DUULYDQGRILQRDOOH0ROXFFKH
%
3LHWUR 0DUWLUH G¶$QJKLHUD QDFTXH DG $URQD QHO QRUG
G¶,WDOLD WUD LO HG LO )X LQYLWDWR GDL 5H GL
6SDJQD FRPH FURQLVWD GL &RUWH $PLFR GHO VDFHUGRWH
)HUQDQGR GH 7DODYHUD FKH OR LQGXVVH D FRQVDFUDUVL
VDFHUGRWH IX FDSSHOODQR GHOOD UHJLQD ,VDEHOOD 2FFXSz
DQFKHDOWULLQFDULFKLFRPHTXHOORGLPHPEURGHO&RQVLJOLR
5HDOH GHOOH ,QGLH SUHFHWWRUH GHO SULQFLSH GHOOH $VWXULH
GRQ *LRYDQQL H DPEDVFLDWRUH VWUDRUGLQDULR D 9HQH]LD H
DOOD &RUWH GHO 6XOWDQR G¶(JLWWR 1RQ VL UHFz PDL LQ
$PHULFD SHUz HEEH O¶RSSRUWXQLWj GL DYHUH LQIRUPD]LRQL
FKH FRPXQLFz DO 3DSD DO FDUGLQDOH 6IRU]D H DG DOFXQL
SULQFLSL H QRELOLLWDOLDQL6FULVVHYDULHOHWWHUHFKHLQWLWROz
³'HFDGL´ FKH UDSSUHVHQWDQR GHJOL DXWHQWLFL GRFXPHQWL
VXLYLDJJLFRORPELDQLHFKHIXURQRSXEEOLFDWHQHO
PDFKHHUDQRJLjDSSDUVLSODJLDWLILQGDJOLXOWLPLDQQLGHO
/D VHFRQGD SXEEOLFD]LRQH VXOOH QXRYH WHUUH VFRSHUWH
DSSDUYHQHOFRQLOWLWRORGL³3DHVLQXRYDPHQWH
ULWURYDWL´GL)UDFDQ]DQRGD0RQWDOERWWRGL9LFHQ]D
/D/LJXULDHUDXQRGHJOLVWDWLLQGLSHQGHQWLG¶,WDOLD
)UDQFHVFR *XLFFLDUGLQL QDFTXH D )LUHQ]H LO PDU]R GHO
VWXGLz OHJJH HG HEEH RQRUL H LQFDULFKL LPSRUWDQWL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GDOODIDPLJOLDGH¶0HGLFL)XDPLFRGL1LFFROz0DFKLDYHOOL
VWRULRJUDIR FROWR H SUHFLVR GHVFULVVH RELHWWLYDPHQWH HG
DFXWDPHQWHOHFDXVHGLRJQLIDWWRVWRULFRGDOXLVWXGLDWR
)UDOHVXHRSHUHSLLPSRUWDQWLVLDQQRYHUDQROD³6WRULD
)LRUHQWLQD´OD³6WRULDG¶,WDOLD´H³5LFRUGL3ROLWLFLH&LYLOL´
0RUuD)LUHQ]HQHO
&RORPER UHJDOz DO IHGHOH 0LFKHOH GD &XQHR QDWR D
6DYRQD XQ¶VROD FKH OXL VWHVVR EDWWH]]z µ/D %HOOD
6DYRQHVH¶
5RGULJR %RUJLD RWWHQQH GL HVVHUH HOHWWR SDSD GRSR GL
DYHU FRUURWWR L FDUGLQDOL SURPHWWHQGR ORUR SDOD]]L
FDVWHOOL DEED]LH H IRUWH]]H GL SURSULHWj GHOOD &KLHVD (
GRQDQGR ORUR GHOO¶RUR RWWHQXWR GDL 5H GL 6SDJQD FKH
JLXQVHD5RPDLQFHVWHSRUWDWHGDTXDWWURPXOLHFKHIX
GLVWULEXLWR LQ SURSRU]LRQL DGHJXDWH 6RORVHLFDUGLQDOLJOL
VL RSSRVHUR H QRQ VL ODVFLDURQR FRUURPSHUH IUD TXHVWL
F¶HUD *LXOLDQR GHOOD 5RYHUH IXWXUR SDSD *LXOLR ,, H
5DIIDHOH 5LDULR %RUJLD HOHWWR SDSD FRO QRPH GL
$OHVVDQGUR9,QRPLQzQXRYLFDUGLQDOLWXWWLVSDJQROL
FLQTXHGHLTXDOLHUDQRSDUHQWLVXRL&RQOXLDUULYzDQFKH
XQ EXRQ QXPHUR GL DOWUL VSDJQROL FKH L URPDQL
FKLDPDYDQRPRUHVFKLULQQHJDWL
*LDQQDQGUHD %RFFDFFLR DPEDVFLDWRUH GL )HUUDUD
VFULYHYD GD 5RPD DO VXR 'XFD ³'LHFL SDSDWL QRQ
EDVWHUHEEHUR D VD]LDUH OD YRUDFLWj GL WXWWD OD VXD
SDUHQWHOD´
0DFKLDYHOOL FL ODVFLz TXHVWD GHVFUL]LRQH QHO VXR OLEUR ³,O
3ULQFLSH´³QRQIHFHDOWUR
FKH LQJDQQDUH LO SURVVLPR TXHVWD HUD OD VXD LGHD ILVVD
HVFRJLWDYDLPH]]LSHULQGXUORLQ
HUURUHHWURYDYDVHPSUHOHRFFDVLRQLSHUWUXIIDUOR´
(*XLFFLDUGLQLQHOODVXD³6WRULDG¶,WDOLD´³6DSHYDXQLUH
ODIRU]DFRQXQDJUDQGH
DVWX]LD OD FKLDUH]]D GHO VXR JLXGL]LR FRQ XQR
VWUDRUGLQDULRSRWHUHGLSHUVXDVLRQHHLQ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
WXWWLJOLDIIDULDYHYDXQJUDQWDOHQWRPDLVXRLYL]LHUDQR
VXSHULRUL L VXRL FRVWXPL UDVHQWDYDQR O¶RVFHQLWj VHQ]D LO
PLQLPRSXGRUHRDPRUHSHUODYHULWjODOHDOWjDOODSDUROD
GDWDRDOVHQWLPHQWRUHOLJLRVRHUDXQDYDURLQVD]LDELOHH
G¶XQD FUXGHOWj FKHVXSHUDYDTXHOODGHLEDUEDUL,OSRSROR
URPDQR GLFHYD ³$OHVVDQGUR YXROH OH FKLDYL GL VDQ 3LHWUR
HJOLDOWDULGL&ULVWR(SHUFKpQRQGRYUHEEHVHOLFRPSUz
FRLVXRLVROGL"´
)X TXHVWR 3DSD FKH UHJDOz D &RORPER XQ OLEUR GL
SUHJKLHUHFKHPROWRORFRQVROzGXUDQWHOHVHWWLPDQHFKH
IX LPSULJLRQDWR H LQFDWHQDWR H FKH SHU WHVWDPHQWR OR
ODVFLzDOODFLWWjGL*HQRYD
&RORPER VFULVVH DO 3DSD LQFLWDQGROR D OLEHUDUH LO 6DQWR
6HSROFUR
&$3,72/2,;
,/ 6(&21'2 9,$**,2/( $17,//(5,%(//,21(
1(//$ 63$*12/$/$ 6&+,$9,7Ô '(*/, ,1',26,
1(*5,,/ 7(5=2 9,$**,2/$ 7(55$)(50$ ( ,/
3$5$',62 7(55(675(/$ 35,*,21,$ ', &2/20%2
,168&&(662'(//¶$00,5$*/,2
/D SUHPXUD FKH DYHYDQR L 5H GL 6SDJQD GL SHUPHWWHUH D
&RORPER GL ULSDUWLUH LO SL SUHVWR SRVVLELOH HUD GRYXWD DO
WLPRUHGLTXDOFKHWLURPDQFLQRGHLSRUWRJKHVLSUHPXUDFKH
HUD FRVu JUDQGH FRPH TXHOOD GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR GDWR FKH
TXHVWL YROHYD GLPRVWUDUH FKLDUDPHQWH FKH HUD DUULYDWR DOOH
,QGLH 3UHPXUD FKH FRPSDUWLYD XQD EXRQD TXDQWLWj GL
VSDJQROL VSLQWL GDOOD IHEEUH GHOO¶RUR H GDOOR VSLULWR GL
FRQTXLVWDHG¶DYYHQWXUD
,OVHWWHPEUHVLULXQuD&DGLFHXQDIORWWDGLQDYL
FRQ XRPLQL D ERUGR VFHOWL WUD XQ JUDQ QXPHUR GL
YRORQWDUL &¶HUDQR IUDWL FRQWDGLQL H DUWLJLDQL LQ JUDQ
TXDQWLWjPDQHVVXQDGRQQD
$OFXQL FRPH 1LxR GH 0RJXHU DYHYDQR JLj SUHVR SDUWH DO
SULPR YLDJJLR DOWUL FL DQGDYDQR SHU OD SULPD YROWD FRPH
-XDQ 3RQFH GH /HyQ $ORQVR GH +RMHGD R 2MHGD LO
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
VDYRQHVH 0LFKHOH GD &XQHR IUD¶ %HUQDUGR %XLO R %R\O
UDSSUHVHQWDQWH GHO 3DSD LO SDGUH GHO IXWXUR %DUWRORPp GH
ODV &DVDV 'LHJR &RORPER LO IUDWHOOR SL SLFFROR
GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLRFKHHUDDSSHQDJLXQWRGD*HQRYD$QWRQLR
GH7RUUHVIUDWHOORGHOODQXWULFHGHOO¶,QIDQWHGRQ*LRYDQQLH
IUD¶$QWRQLRGH0DUFKHQD
%LVRJQDYD HYDQJHOL]]DUH JOL LQGLRV H DOODFFLDUH UHOD]LRQL
FRPPHUFLDOL FRVWUXLUH FHQWUL DELWDWL H FUHDUH WXWWD
XQ¶RUJDQL]]D]LRQH DGHJXDWD SHUFLz V¶LPEDUFDURQR FDYDOOL
PXOL PXFFKH WRUL PDLDOL JDOOLQH DQLWUH SHFRUH HG DOWUL
DQLPDOLLQROWUHVDFFKLGL]XFFKHURULVRJUDQRDOFXQLWLSLGL
IDJLROL]DIIHUDQRDUDQFLROWUHDYLWLSLDQWHHVHPLGLYHUVL
&RORPER SUHVH LO FRPDQGR GHOOH QDYL LPEDUFDQGRVL VX XQD
QXRYDµ6DQWD0DUtD¶GHQRPLQDGDµ0DULJDODQWH¶8VFHQGRGDO
SRUWR OH QDYL LQFURFLDURQR XQD IORWWLJOLD GL JDOHUH
YHQH]LDQHFKHOHVFRUWDURQRSHUDOFXQHPLJOLDFRQPXVLFDH
FDQQRQDWHDVDOYH
,ORWWREUHDUULYDURQRDOOH&DQDULHHDQFRUDURQRQHOO¶LVRODGL
*RPHUD&RORPERQRQV¶HUDGLPHQWLFDWRGL%HDWUL]QpOHLGL
OXLLQIDWWLLOULFHYLPHQWRIXIHVWHJJLDWRFRQIXRFKLDUWLILFLDOLH
FDQQRQDWHDVDOYH
,O VDOSDURQR H LO QRYHPEUH LQFRQWUDURQR OH LVROH GHOOH
$QWLOOH FKH FRVu FKLDPDURQR FUHGHQGROH OH OHJJHQGDULH
$QWLOOH R $QWLOLH H IXURQR EDWWH]]DWH ULVSHWWLYDPHQWH FRL
QRPL GL 'RPLQJR 0DULJDODQWH 6DQWD 0DUtD GH *XDGDOXSH
0RQVHUUDW 6DQWD 0DUtD GH OD 5HGRQGD 6DQWD 0DUtD GH OD
$QWLJXD 6DQ 0DUWtQ 6DQWD &UX] GRYH LQFRQWUDURQR LQGLRV
EHOOLFRVL FRQWUR L TXDOL GRYHWWHUR FRPEDWWHUH SRL DSSDUYH
XQD JUDQ TXDQWLWj GL LVROHWWH FKH &RORPER FKLDPz 6DQWD
ÒUVXOD OD SL JUDQGH H OH GLHFLPLOD YHUJLQL OH DOWUH FKH
VRQROHDWWXDOLLVROH9HUJLQL
3RL LQFRQWUDURQR DOWUH GXH LVROH SL JUDQGL &RORPER QH
FKLDPz XQD *UDWLRVD *UD]LRVD LQ RQRUH DOOD PDGUH GL
$OHVVDQGUR *HUDOGLQL H 6DQ -XDQ %DXWLVWD 6DQ *LRYDQQL
%DWWLVWDRJJL&RVWD5LFDO¶DOWUD
,O QRYHPEUH DQFRUDURQR QHOO¶LVROD 6SDJQROD GL IURQWH DO
IRUWHGL1DYLGDGPDLOIRUWHHUDVSDULWR4XDQGRVEDUFDURQR
VL UHVHUR FRQWR FKH HUD VWDWR GLVWUXWWR JOL VSDJQROL V¶HUDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
XFFLVLWUDORURHTXHOOLFKHHUDQRULPDVWLHUDQRVWDWLWUXFLGDWL
GDJOL LQGLRV L TXDOL V¶HUDQR VWDQFDWL GL HVVHUH PDOWUDWWDWL H
VDFFKHJJLDWL
,OSDGUH%XLOHGDOWULHVLJHYDQRODFDWWXUDHO¶XFFLVLRQHGHJOL
LQGLRVSHUFDVWLJDUOLPD&RORPERV¶RSSRVH4XLQGLRUGLQzOD
FRVWUX]LRQH GL WUH IRUWL QHOO¶LQWHUQR H XQD FLWWj VXOOD FRVWD
FKHFKLDPDURQR9LOOD,VDEHOOD
,OIHEEUDLRULWRUQDURQRLQSDWULDQDYLDOFRPDQGR
GL$QWRQLRGH7RUUHVFRQODUHOD]LRQHGHWWDJOLDWDGHOYLDJJLR
3DVVDQGR L JLRUQL JOL VSDJQROL FRPLQFLDURQR D ODPHQWDUVL LO
FLER HXURSHR VFDUVHJJLDYD TXHOOR ORFDOH QRQ SLDFHYD ORUR
LQROWUH FDXVDYD SUREOHPL VWRPDFDOLHPROWLFRPLQFLDURQRDG
DPPDODUVLHQHVVXQRYROHYDODYRUDUH$OFXQLFRPLQFLDURQRD
YDJDERQGDUH LQWHUQDQGRVL QHOO¶LVROD H UXEDQGR RUR H GRQQH
DJOL LQGLRV %HUQDO 'tDV GH 3LVD FRQWDELOH UHDOH WHQWz XQD
ULYROWDH&RORPERORIHFHLPSULJLRQDUH
,O DSULOH O¶$PPLUDJOLR VDOSz FRQ WUH QDYL µ/D 1LxD¶ /D
%DPELQD µ/D &RUGHUD¶ /¶$JQHOOD \ OD µ6DQ -XDQ 6DQ
*LRYDQQL FRQ OR VFRSR G¶HVSORUDUH OD FRVWD PHULGLRQDOH GL
&XED SHU UHQGHUVL FRQWR G¶XQD EXRQD YROWD VH VL WUDWWDYD
G¶XQ LVROD R G¶XQD SHQLVROD 6XR IUDWHOOR 'LHJR UHVWz D
,VDEHOOD FRPH SUHVLGHQWH PHQWUH IUDWH %XLO H 3HGUR
+HUQiQGH]&RURQHOFRPHUHJJHQWL
'XUDQWH LO YLDJJLR &RORPER VFRSUu O¶LVROD GL *LDPDLFD GRYH
LQXWLOPHQWHFHUFzGLWURYDUGHOO¶RURTXLQGLFRVWHJJLzODFRVWD
PHULGLRQDOHGL&XEDDUULYDQGRDFHQWRPLJOLDFLUFDGDOODVXD
HVWUHPLWj RFFLGHQWDOH FRQYLQWR FKH VL WUDWWDVH G¶XQD
SHQLVRODDVLDWLFDHGREEOLJzJOLHTXLSDJJLDJLXUDUHFKH
WXWWL HUDQR G¶DFFRUGR FRQ OXL /¶$PPLUDJOLR HUD JLj PDODWR
JUDYHPHQWH
,OVHWWHPEUHOHWUHQDYLHUDQRGLULWRUQRD,VDEHOODGRYH
&RORPER YL WURYz VXR IUDWHOOR %DUWRORPHR LO TXDOH DYHYD
VDSXWR D 3DULJL GHOOD VFRSHUWD DYYHQXWD QHO SULPR YLDJJLR
FRUVHD6LYLJOLDPDOHQDYLHUDQRJLjSDUWLWHSHULOVHFRQGR
YLDJJLR DOORUD DFFRPSDJQz )HUQDQGR H 'LHJR ILJOL GL
&ULVWRIRUR DOOD &RUWH UHDOH D 9DOODGROLG DIILQFKp VHUYLVVHUR
GD SDJJL DO SULQFLSH GRQ *LRYDQQL GRSRGLFKp OD 5HJLQD JOL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GHWWH WUH QDYL SHU SRWHVVH UDJJLXQJHUH VXR IUDWHOOR DOOD
6SDJQROD
)UDWWDQWR DOFXQL VRELOODWRUL FRQWLQXDYDQR D ULEHOODUVL
LPSRQHYDQR OD ORUR DXWRULWj H VHPLQDYDQR ]L]]DQLD WUD JOL
LQGLRV , ULYROWRVL UHQGHQGRVL FRQWR FKH QRQ SRWHYDQR
LPSDGURQLUVL GHOO¶LVRODSUHVHURODGHFLVLRQHGLWRUQDUVHQHLQ
6SDJQDFRQIUDWH%XLOHGDOWULDEEDQGRQDQGRLORURVHJXDFL
QHOO¶LQWHUQR GHOO¶LVROD L TXDOL FRQWLQXDURQR D UXEDUH H DG
XFFLGHUH LQGLRV 4XHVWL HVDVSHUDWL VL YHQGLFDYDQR
XFFLGHQGR WXWWL JOL VSDJQROL LVRODWL FKH LQFRQWUDYDQR H
&RORPER GRYHWWH LQWHUYHQLUH SHU FDVWLJDUOL PDQGDQGR LQ
6SDJQDFRPHVFKLDYLLORURFDSL
$GXQFHUWRSXQWRHEEHOXRJRXQDVFDUDPXFFLDQHOODTXDOH±
VHFRQGR )HUQDQGR &RORPER± VSDJQROL FRQ YHQWL FDYDOOL
H FDQL GD FDFFLD PLVHUR LQ IXJD LQGLRV QH IX
FDWWXUDWR XQ FHQWLQDLR FKH IX LQYLDWR D 6LYLJOLD SHU HVVHUH
YHQGXWR FRPH VFKLDYR FRQ O¶DXWRUL]]D]LRQH GHL 5H GL
6SDJQD SHU ULFXSHUDUH SDUWH GHOOH VSHVH VRVWHQXWH SHU LO
YLDJJLR8Q¶DOWUDYHQGLWDGLVFKLDYLVLUHJLVWUzQHO
$ FDXVD GHL WDQWL SUREOHPL FKH HUDQR VRUWL QHOO¶LVROD H OH
ODPHQWHOHFKHDUULYDYDQRDOOD&RUWHVSDJQRODL5HGL6SDJQD
PDQGDURQR -XDQ GH $JXD\R DOOD 6SDJQROD D LQYHVWLJDUH
&RQOXLJLXQVHDQFKH'LHJRLOILJOLRGL&RORPER
,O PDU]R O¶$PPLUDJOLR GHFLVH GL SDUWLUH SHU OD
6SDJQD SHU GLIHQGHUVL GDOOH DFFXVH FKH JOL VFRQWHQWL H L
ULEHOOLIDFHYDQRFLUFRODUHD&RUWH
&RORPERSDUWuFRQ$JXD\R'LHJRVSDJQROLHLQGLRV
D ERUGR GL GXH QDYL µ/D 1LxD¶ H µ/D 6DQWD &UX]¶ /D 6DQWD
&URFHFKHIXODSULPDQDYHFRVWUXLWDLQ$PHULFD3DVVDURQR
SHUOHLVROH0DULJDODQWHH*XDGDOXSHGRYHV¶LPEDWWHURQRLQ
GRQQH DGRUQDWH GL SLXPH QXGH H EHOOLFRVH HG DUPDWH FRQ
DUFKL H IUHFFH 1H FDWWXUDURQR XQD H FDSLURQR FKH LQ
TXHOO¶LVROD FRPDQGDYDQR OH GRQQH ,Q XQD FHUWD HSRFD
GHOO¶DQQR YL DUULYDYDQR GHJOL XRPLQL SURYHQLHQWL GD DOWUH
LVROHDYHYDQRUHOD]LRQLVHVVXDOLFRQORURHVHQDVFHYDQRGHL
PDVFKLVHOLSRUWDYDQRYLDJOLXRPLQLVHIHPPLQHUHVWDYDQR
FRQ OH ORUR PDGUL 0D LQUHDOWjHUDWXWWDXQ¶LQYHQ]LRQH,Q
TXHOO¶LVRODOHGRQQHHUDQRFRVuJXHUULHUHFRPHLORURXRPLQL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FKHLQTXHOO¶RFFDVLRQHTXHVWLQRQVLWURYDYDQRVXOODVSLDJJLD
LQ RJQL PRGR JOL VSDJQROL FUHGHWWHUR FKH HUDQR ILQDOPHQWH
DUULYDWL QHOO¶LVROD GHOOH OHJJHQGDULH DPD]]RQL 3L WDUGL L
FRQTXLVWDWRUL DQGDURQR LQ TXHOO¶LVROD D FHUFDUOH PD QRQ OH
WURYDURQR FRVLFFKp FRQWLQXDURQR OD ORUR ULFHUFD QHO
FRQWLQHQWHDPHULFDQRGHOQRUGGHOFHQWURHGHOVXG
/¶JLXJQRGHODYYLVWDURQR2GPLUDWUD/LVERQDH&DSR
6DQ 9LQFHQ]R JOL HTXLSDJJL HUDQR FRVu DIIDPDWL FKH VL
VDUHEEHUR PDQJLDWL JOL LQGLRV VH O¶$PPLUDJOLR QRQ O¶DYHVVH
LPSHGLWRORUR)LQDOPHQWHO¶JLXQVHURD&DGLFHH&RORPER
VLGLUHVVHD%XUJRVGRYHVLWURYDYDQRL5HGL6SDJQDSHUOH
QR]]HGHOSULQFLSHGRQ*LRYDQQLFRQ0DUJKHULWDG¶$XVWULD
)HUQDQGR H ,VDEHOOD ULFHYHWWHUR FRQ SLDFHUH JOL RPDJJL GL
&RORPER FKH FRQVLVWHYDQR ROWUH DJOL LQGLRV LQ SLDQWH H
DQLPDOL HVRWLFL VWUXPHQWL ODPLQH H SHSLWH G¶RUR &RPH
VHPSUH JOL FRQIHUPDURQR L VXRL SULYLOHJL H QH RWWHQQH GHJOL
DOWUL1HOPHQWUHQHOOD6SDJQRODLOJRYHUQDWRUH%DUWRORPHR
&RORPER GLHGH RUGLQH GL DEEDQGRQDUH OD FLWWj GL ,VDEHOOD
FRVWUXLWD LQ XQ WHUUHQR PDOVDQR H QH IHFH IRQGDUH XQ¶DOWUD
GDL VSDJQROL FKH YL UHVWDYDQR H OD FKLDPz 6DQWR
'RPLQJR LQ PHPRULD GL VXR SDGUH 'RPHQLFR 'RPLQJR LQ
VSDJQROR
,Q TXHL JLRUQL DUULYDURQR DOFXQH GRQQH VSDJQROH IXURQR OH
SULPHHXURSHHDVEDUFDUHVXOOHLVROHDPHULFDQH
1HODOWUHVSHGL]LRQLGLHGHURLQL]LRDOO¶HVSORUD]LRQHGHOOH
WHUUH DO VXG GL &XED 6X ULFKLHVWD GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR IXURQR
LQYLDWHQDYLGDOOD6SDJQDD6DQWR'RPLQJRGXHGHOOHTXDOL
HUDQR DO FRPDQGR GL 3HGUR )HUQiQGH] &RURQHO FRQ
FRQWDGLQLJHQHULDOLPHQWDUL
DQLPDOLHVHPL
&RORPER LQ 6SDJQD GRYHWWH VXSHUDUH JOL RVWDFROL H IDU
IURQWH DOOH FULWLFKH H GL GRQ -XDQ GH )RQVHFD FDSR GHOOD
ID]LRQH FRUWLJLDQD QHPLFD VXD H FKH SL WDUGL IX YHVFRYR GL
%XUJRV LO TXDOH O¶RGLDYD H IX VHPSUH FRQWUDULR DG RJQL
VFRSULWRUH H FRQTXLVWDWRUH ,QROWUH GRYHWWH VXSHUDUH DOWUH
GLIILFROWj OD SULQFLSDOH GHOOH TXDOL IX TXHOOD GL ULXVFLUH D
ULXQLUHJOLHTXLSDJJLHGDOWULXRPLQLSHULOWHU]RYLDJJLR
3HU FRPSOHWDUH LO QXPHUR GRYHWWH ULFRUUHUH D XQD EXRQD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
TXDQWLWj GL JDOHRWWL FRQ HFFH]LRQL GL TXHOOL FKH HUDQR
FRQGDQQDWL SHU GHOLWWL PROWR JUDYL FRPH L WUDGLWRUL H JOL
HUHWLFL
3ULPD GL SDUWLUH GHWWz H ILUPz OD VFULWWXUD GL PDJJLRUDVFR
LQWHVWDWDDVXRILJOLR'LHJRSHUODVXFFHVVLRQHVHJXHQGRJOL
LQ RUGLQH O¶DOWUR ILJOLR )HUQDQGR H L IUDWHOOL %DUWRORPHR H
'LHJR ,Q TXHVWD VFULWWXUD UHLWHUz LO VXR DPRUH SHU *HQRYD
µ3RLFKp GD HVVD SDUWLL H LQ HVVD QDFTXL¶ ULFRUGDYD LQROWUH DL
5H GL 6SDJQD FKH O¶RUR RWWHQXWR GDOOH ,QGLH GRYHYD HVVHU
GHVWLQDWRDOODOLEHUD]LRQHGHO6DQWR6HSROFUR
'DO ULWRUQR GHO VHFRQGR YLDJJLR &RORPER VL PLVH LO VDLR
IUDQFHVFDQRHQRQVHORWROVHSLSHUWXWWRLOUHVWRGHOODVXD
YLWD9LVLWzLQYDULHRFFDVLRQLODFHUWRVDGL6DQWD0DUtDGHODV
&XHYDVD6LYLJOLDGRYHVWULQVHDPLFL]LDFRQLOSDGUHLWDOLDQR
*DVSDUUH *RUULFLR GL 1RYDUD H FRQ LO TXDOH HEEH XQD OXQJD
FRUULVSRQGHQ]D
)LQDOPHQWH LO PDJJLR VHL QDYL FDULFKH GL
SURYYLVWH SDUWLURQR GDO SRUWR GL 6DQO~FDU GH %DUUDPHGD
WRFFDURQR 3RUWR 6DQWR QHOO¶LVROD GL 0DGHLUD H IXURQR EHQ
ULFHYXWL GDL SRUWRJKHVL H LO JLXJQR JLXQVHUR QHOOD VROLWD
*RPHUD 4XDOFKH RUD SULPD XQD QDYH IUDQFHVH DYHYD
FDWWXUDWR GXH QDYL PHUFDQWLOL FDVWLJOLDQH &RORPER GHWWH
RUGLQHGLUDJJLXQJHUOHHULXVFuDOLEHUDUQHXQD
,OGDOO¶LVRODGL+LHUUR)HUURO¶$OPLUDQWHGHFLVHGLGLYLGHUH
ODIORWWDLQYLzWUHQDYLQHOO¶LVROD6SDJQRODHOXLFRQOHDOWUH
WUHIHFHURWWDYHUVROHLVROHGL&DSR9HUGHFRQLOSURSRVLWR
GL DWWUDYHUVDUH O¶2FHDQR SL D VXG VSHUDQGR GL WURYDUH
ILQDOPHQWH WHUUDIHUPD /H SULPH WUH QDYL HUDQR FRPDQGDWH
ULVSHWWLYDPHQWH GD 3HGUR GH $UDQD IUDWHOOR GL %HDWUL]
(QUtTXH] GD $ORQVR 6iQFKH] GH &DUYDMDO JRYHUQDWRUH GL
%DH]DHGD*LDQQDQWRQLR&RORPERFXJLQRGHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR
DQFKHOXLYHQXWRGD*HQRYD
,O OXJOLR &RORPER SDUWu IDFHQGR URWWD VXGRYHVW HG LO
DUULYz LQ XQ¶LVROD FRQ XQD PRQWDJQD FRQ WUH SLFFKL FKH
FKLDPz 7LQLGDG 7ULQLWj TXLQGL VFRUVH OD FRVWD GHO
9HQH]XHODFKHFUHGHWWHWUDWWDUVLG¶XQ¶DOWUDLVROD,ODJRVWR
WRFFz WHUUDIHUPD QHO JROIR GL 3DULD 3HU XQD VHULH GL
FRQVLGHUD]LRQL WUD OH TXDOL OD JUDQ TXDQWLWj G¶DFTXD GROFH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GHOO¶2ULQRFR FKH VIRFLDYD QHO PDUH &RORPER SHQVz FKH
GRYHYDWUDWWDUVLGLXQFRQWLQHQWHG¶XQPRQGRQXRYRFLRqGL
XQDWHUUDDVLDWLFDVFRQRVFLXWDDJOLHXURSHL,QFDVRFRQWUDULR
GRYHYD SURSULR WUDWWDUVL GHOOD WHUUD FKH VL GLFHYD FKH VL
WURYDYD DL SLHGL GHO SDUDGLVR WHUUHVWUH LQIDWWL L WHRORJL
DIIHUPDYDQR FKH 'LR GRSRLOSHFFDWRG¶$GDPRQRQO¶DYHYD
GLVWUXWWRPDO¶DYHYDFROORFDWRDJOLDQWLSRGL/DGROFH]]DGHO
FOLPD JOL LQGLRV FKH HUDQR ELDQFKL FRPH JOL VSDJQROL OD
VHQVD]LRQHGLQDYLJDUHLQVDOLWDO¶RVVHUYD]LRQHGHOOHVWHOOHH
O¶DJR GHOOD EXVVROD FKH VHPEUDYD LPSD]]LWD IXURQR WXWWL
IHQRPHQL VWUDQL FKH &RORPER JLj PDODWR DJOL RFFKL H GL
JRWWDLQWHUSUHWzDPRGRVXR(GDOO¶(XURSDORVFHWWLFR3LHWUR
0DUWLUH FRPPHQWDYD FKH OH UDJLRQL GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR QRQ OR
FRQYLQFHYDQR SHU QLHQWH H FKH WXWWR JOL VHPEUDYD IUXWWR
GHOODIDQWDVLD
/H WUH QDYL FRQWLQXDURQR OD ORUR QDYLJD]LRQH H WRFFDURQR
XQ¶LVRODFKHFKLDPDURQR0DUJDULWD0DUJKHULWDGDWRFKHYL
WURYDURQR SHUOH ILQR D WUH VHFROL ID OH SHUOH VL FKLDPDYDQR
PDUJKHULWH GD Ou IHFHUR URWWD DO QRUG JLXQJHQGR DOOD
6SDJQROD HG DQFRUDQGR D 6DQWR 'RPLQJR LO G¶DJRVWR
0ROWL GHJOL VSDJQROL FKH HUDQRUHVWDWLQHOO¶LVRODHUDQRPRUWL
FHQWRVHVVDQWD HUDQR PDODWL GL VLILOLGH DOWUL V¶HUDQR
ULEHOODWL H VRWWR LO FRPDQGR GL )UDQFLVFR 5ROGiQ YROHYDQR
LPSDWURQLUVLGHOO¶LVRODGHOO¶RURHXFFLGHUH&RORPER
/H DOWUH QDYL LQYLDWH GDOOH &DQDULH DUULYDURQR SHU HUURUH LQ
XQDSDUWHGHOO¶VRODFRQWUROODWDGDLULYROWRVLVHEEHQHXQEXRQ
QXPHUR GHJOL HTXLSDJJL SDVVDURQR GDOOD SDUWH GL 5ROGiQ L
FRPDQGDQWLHPROWLDOWULPDULQDLUHVWDURQRIHGHOLD&RORPER
H ULXVFLURQR D IXJJLUH ULXQLHQGRVL FRQ O¶DPPLUDJOLR D 6DQWR
'RPLQJR
&RORPER QRQ SRWHQGR GRPDUH OD ULYROWD GRYHWWH PHWWHUVL
G¶DFFRUGR FRQ 5ROGiQ QRPLQDQGROR JXDUGLDQR PDJJLRUH H
IDFHQGRJOL GHOOH FRQFHVVLRQL VHPSUH H TXDQGR VL IRVVH
VRWWRPHVVRHORDYHVVHDLXWDWRDGHEHOODUHODULEHOOLRQH7UDL
ULEHOOL F¶HUD $OIRQVR GH +RMHGD YDVVDOOR GHO FRQWH GL
0HGLQDFHOL H SURWHWWR GDO YHVFRYR -XDQ 5RGUtJXH] GH
)RQVHFDFKHHUDDUULYDWRFRQTXDWWURQDYLSHUVFRSULUHDOWUH
WHUUH FRQ O¶DXWRUL]]D]LRQH GHL 5H GL 6SDJQD L TXDOL JOL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DYHYDQR FRQVHJQDWR OH FDUWH H OD URWWD WUDFFLDWH GD
&RORPER
+RMHGDHUDVWDWRD3DULDLQFHUFDGLSHUOHHGHUDDUULYDWRILQR
DO JROIR GL 0DUDFDLER FDWWXUDQGR LQGLRV SHU YHQGHUOL FRPH
VFKLDYLFRVDFKHFRQWLQXzDIDUSLWDUGLQHOOH%DKDPDVH
SRUWDUYLDWXWWRLOOHJQRFKHSRWHYDFKLDPDWREUDVLOH5ROGiQ
GRYHWWHFRPEDWWHUHFRQWURGLOXLHORVFRQILVVHREEOLJDQGROR
DG DEEDQGRQDUH OD 6SDJQROD PD YL ODVFLz DOFXQL GHL VXRL
XRPLQL FKH FRQWLQXDURQR D FUHDUH GLVRUGLQL ILQFKp IXURQR
FDWWXUDWLHLPSLFFDWLSHURUGLQHGL&RORPER
1HOO¶DJRVWRGHODUULYzD6DQWR'RPLQJRXQLQYLDWRGHL
5H GL 6SDJQD )UDQFLVFR GH %REDGLOOD FRPPHQGDWRUH
GHOO¶RUGLQH GL &DODWUDYD FRQ SLHQL SRWHUL SHU LQYHVWLJDUH H
JLXGLFDUH 5HTXLVu OD FDVD GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR LO TXDOH VL
WURYDYD QHOO¶LQWHUQR GHOO¶LVROD FHUFDQGR GL DSSDFLILFDUH JOL
LQGLRV GHWWH RUGLQH GL LPSULJLRQDUH 'LHJR H V¶LPSDGURQu GL
WXWWH OH SURSULHWj H JOL RJJHWWL GL &RORPER LQFOXVL L OLEUL OH
FDUWH H OD VXD SDUWH G¶RUR 6L DXWRSURFODPz JRYHUQDWRUH
DVFROWz VROR TXHOOL FKH VL ODJQDYDQR GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR H
TXDQGRTXHVWLDUULYzORIHFHLQFDWHQDUHORVWHVVRVXFFHVVHD
%HUWRORPHR TXDOFKH JLRUQR GRSR 4XLQGL LQFRPLQFLz DG
DUULFFKLUVL DVVHJQDQGR JOL LQGLRV DJOL VSDJQROL ULFFKL H
GLYLGHQGR FRQ ORUR LO JXDGDJQR RWWHQXWR GDO ODYRUR GHJOL
VFKLDYL
&RORPER H L VXRL IUDWHOOL LQFDWHQDWL SHU RUGLQH VXR IXURQR
LQYLDWLLQ6SDJQDFRQODQDYHµ/D*RUGD¶/D*UDVVD,OVXR
FDSLWDQR $QGUpV 0DUWtQ YROOH WRJOLHU ORUR OH FDWHQH PD
&ULVWRIRUR ULILXWz GLFHQGR FKH L 5H GL 6SDJQD GRYHYDQR
YHGHUH LQ TXDOH VWDWR LO ORUR LQYLDWR O¶DYHYD ULGRWWR H ODVFLz
DQFKH GHWWR FKH DOOD VXD PRUWH YROHYD HVVHUH VHSROWR
LQVLHPHDTXHOOHFDWHQH
,O QRYHPEUH DUULYz D &DGLFH GD GRYH VFULVVH DL 5H GL
6SDJQDLTXDOLRUGLQDURQRODVXDLPPHGLDWDOLEHUD]LRQHHOR
ULFHYHWWHUR µDIIHWWXRVDPHQWH¶ D *UDQDGD 8GLWH OH ODJQDQ]H
GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLRPDQGDURQRD6DQWR'RPLQJRGRQ1LFROiVGH
2YDQGRDIILQFKpUHVWLWXLVVHDL&RORPERLORUREHQLLQL]LDVVH
XQ SURFHVVR FDVWLJDVVH L ULEHOOL H ULVWDELOLVVH OD OHJJH
2YDQGRSLWDUGLIHFHXFFLGHUHPDJJLRUHQWLLQGLRVGRSR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
XQD UHSUHVVLRQH FUXGHOH HG LQJLXVWD GDWR FKH QRQ F¶HUDQR
SURYHGLXQDSURJHWWDWDORURFRVSLUD]LRQH
&RORPER GD 6LYLJOLD DYHYD PDQGDWR VHJUHWDPHQWH XQD
OHWWHUDDGRQQD-XDQDGH7RUUHVH[JRYHUQDQWHGHOO¶,QIDQWH
GRQ *LRYDQQL ,Q HVVD VL ODPHQWDYD DPDUDPHQWH GHOOH
XPLOLD]LRQL ULFHYXWH GHOO¶LQJUDWLWXGLQH GHL 5H GL 6SDJQD DL
TXDOL DYHYD GDWR XQ QXRYR PRQGR FRQ FHQWLQDLD GL LVROH
WXWWRSHUYRORQWjGLYLQDLQPRGRFKHOD6SDJQDGDSRYHUD
FKH HUD HUD GLYHQWDWD ULFFD GDOOD QRWWH DOOD PDWWLQD $YHYD
SHUVR OD VXD JLRYHQW HG DQFKH L VXRL WLWROL H SULYLOHJL D
FDXVDGHOO¶LQYLGLDHGHOO¶LQJUDWLWXGLQHµ0LVWDQQRJLXGLFDQGR
FRPH VH DYHVVL JRYHUQDWR OD 6LFLOLD R XQ¶DOWUD WHUUD GRYH
LPSHUDXQJRYHUQRUHJRODUHHVLULVSHWWDQROHOHJJLPHQWUH
PL GRYUHEEHURJLXGLFDUHFRPHXQFDSLWDQRFKHDUULYzFRPH
FRQTXLVWDWRUHGLSRSROLEHOOLFRVLGLIIHUHQWLSHUUHOLJLRQHHSHU
FRVWXPL¶
1RQ VRQR SRFKL JOL VFULWWRUL FKH DIIHUPDQR FKH &RORPER IX
XQ SHVVLPR DPPLQLVWUDWRUH GHOOD 6SDJQROD H VRQR LQYHFH
SRFKLTXHOOLFKHULFRUGDQROHVXHSDUROHTXDQGRDIIHUPzFKH
TXDOVLDVL FRVD DYHVVH IDWWR QRQ DYUHEEH FDPELDWR QXOOD
GDWH OH FRQGL]LRQL SHFXOLDUL GHOOH ORFDOLWj VFRSHUWH GHJOL
LQGLRV GHOOD VWHVVD FRQTXLVWD H VRSUDWWXWWR SHU HVVHU OXL
XQRVWUDQLHUR
6H JOL VWHVVL VSDJQROL VL DPPD]]DYDQR WUD ORUR HUD DVXUGR
SUHWHQGHUHFKHULVSHWWDVVHURXQRVWUDQLHURHVVHQGRFRVuXQ
IDFLOH FDSUR HVSLDWRULR G¶LQYLGLH DPEL]LRQL UDQFRUL HG RGL
1RQ FRQWDYD FRQ XQD SROL]LD FRQ XQD IRU]D DUPDWD
VXIILFLHQWH SHU LPSRUUH OH OHJJL H L 5H GL 6SDJQD VL
WURYDYDQR D PLJOLDLD GL FKLORPHWUL GL GLVWDQ]D 7XWWR FLz
VSLHJD OD VXD SROLWLFD D YROWH FRQWUDGLWWRULD D YROWH
LQGHFLVD DOWHUQDQGR OH GHFLVLRQL WDVVDWLYH FRQ FRPSURPHVVL
H SHUGRQL , 5H VWHVVL FKH DSSDUHQWHPHQWH OR
DSSRJJLDYDQR QRQ IHFHUR PDL FHVVDUH OH LQYLGLH OH
ODJQDQ]HOHEXJLHHOHFDOXQQLHFKHFLUFRODYDQRQHOODVWHVVD
&RUWH
/R VWHVVR VXFFHVVH SL WDUGL FRQ 0DJHOODQR SRUWRJKHVH DO
VHUYL]LR GHOOD 6SDJQD FLUFRQGDWR GD LQWULJKL H OLWL WUD L
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
SRUWRJKHVL H JOL VSDJQROL GHJOL HTXLSDJJL GHOOH VXH QDYL GD
WHQWDWLYLGLDVVDVVLQLRGLDPPXWLQDPHQWLGLDSHUWHULEHOOLRQL
SHU WRJOLHUJOL LO FRPDQGR H LQILQH GRSR OD VXD PRUWH IDU GL
WXWWRSHULQIDQJDUHLOVXRQRPHHODVXDPHPRULD
µ4XDOVLDVL JRYHUQDWRUH ±VFULVVH )HUQiQGH] GH 2YLHGR ±SHU
DYHUVXFFHVVRTXLGRYUHEEHHVVHUHXQVXSHUXRPR¶
0DOJUDGR FLz VH QRQ PDQFz GLVFLSOLQD RUJDQL]]D]LRQH H
VHQVR FLYLOH VL GHYH DOO¶DXWRULWj GHL &RORPER SHU HVHPSLR
%DUWRORPHR VL ULYHOz XQ XRPR HQHUJLFR H QDWR SHU LO
FRPDQGR &Lz FKH VXFFHVVH DJOL VSDJQROL GHO IRUWH 1DYLGDG
LQDVVHQ]DGL&RORPERqXQRGHJOLHVHPSLSLVLJQLILFDWLYL
, 5H VRSUDWWXWWR ,VDEHOOD FRPSUHQGHYDQR EHQH L IDWWL H OH
VLWXD]LRQL PD HUDQR DQFKH FRQVDSHYROL FKH&RORPERDYHYD
JLj WHUPLQDWR LO VXR FRPSLWR RUD DOWUH SHUVRQH GRYHYDQR
DSULUVL D YHQWDJOLR LQ RJQL GLUH]LRQH SHU FRQTXLVWDUH H
VRJJLRJDUH ,Q DOWUH SDUROH VL FKLXGHYD O¶HSRFD GHJOL
HVSORUDWRUL H FRPLQFLDYD TXHOOD GHL FRQTXLVWDWRUL 4XHVWR
VWUDQLHUR TXHVWR &RORPER RUD GDYD IDVWLGLR LQJRPEUDYD
HUDQHFHVVDULRVFDYDOFDUOR(FRVuVLIHFH
2JJLLQSURVSHWWLYDVWRULFDVDSSLDPRFKH&RORPERWULRQIz
QRQ VROR SHU DYHU DWWUDYHUVDWR O¶2FHDQR 7HQHEURVR HG DYHU
VFRSHUWRXQFRQWLQHQWHFRQWXWWHOHVXHFRQVHJXHQ]H5HVH
SRVVLELOH OD VFRSHUWD G¶XQ DOWUR FDPPLQR YHUVR OH ,QGLH
GHWWH DOOD 6SDJQD JUDQGL ULFFKH]]H H XQ JUDQGH LPSHUR DO
FULVWLDQHVLPRODSRVVLELOLWjGLFRQYHUWLUHQXRYHSRSROD]LRQLH
DOPRQGRODIRUPD]LRQLGLQXRYHQD]LRQLHQXRYLSRSROL2JJL
VRQR QXPHULFDPHQWH VXSHULRUL L FULVWLDQL GHOOH $PHULFKH D
TXHOOLGHOO¶(XURSD,OVXRLGHDOHIXFRVuJUDQGHFKHODVXDYLWD
IXDSSHQDVXIILFLHQWHDUHDOL]]DUQHLOSULQFLSLRVHFROLHVHFROL
GRYHWWHUR WUDVFRUUHUH H GRYUDQQR DQFRUD WUDVFRUUHUH
DIILQFKpVLUHDOL]]LFRPSOHWDPHQWH
%
)LQRDOVLFUHGHWWHFKH&XEDIDFHVVHSDUWHGHOO¶$VLD
%DUWRORPHR VWHWWH QHOOD 6SDJQROD ILQR DO GLFHPEUH GHO
VYROJHQGRYDULLQFDULFKL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
1HO OLEUR GL )HUQDQGR &RORPER VL ULSRUWD XQD UHOD]LRQH
G¶XQ FHUWR IUDWH 5RPiQ 3DQH FKH DYHQGR LPSDUDWR OD
OLQJXD ORFDOH QDUUD DOFXQL XVL LQGLJHQL GHVFULYH L ORUR
LGROL GL OHJQR H UDFFRQWD FKH GXUDQWH OH FHULPRQLH VL
VSDUJHYDQR VXOOH WHVWH XQD SROYHUH FKH DQFKH
DVSLUDYDQR SHU PH]]R G¶XQD FDQQD GL GXH WXEL FKH VL
PHWWHYDQR QHOOH QDULFL HG DOORUD FRPLQFLDYDQR D
µGHOLUDUH IXRUL PLVXUD FRPH XEULDFKL¶ $OFXQL LGROL
SDUODYDQR DL IHGHOL PD LO IUDWH VFRSHUVH O¶LQJDQQR GDWR
FKHHUDQRYXRWLHGHQWURF¶HUDXQRVWUHJRQHLOTXDOHSHU
PH]]RG¶XQDFHUERWWDQDIDFHYDVHQWLUHODVXDYRFHFRPH
VH IRVVH VWDWD OD YRFH GHOO¶LGROR 4XHVWL SUHJz LO IUDWH GL
QRQ ULYHODUH O¶LQJDQQR SHUFKp VROR FRVu WXWWL L VXGGLWL JOL
XEELGLYDQR&RQUHOD]LRQHDOODUHOLJLRQHFUHGHYDQRFKHFL
IRVVH XQ HVVHUH LPPRUWDOH FKH HUD LQ FLHOR HG HUD
LQYLVLELOH HG HWHUQR PD FKH DYHYD XQD PDGUH
3RVVHGHYDQR DQFKH OHJJHQGH FKH VSLHJDYDQR O¶RULJLQH
GHO PDUH GHO VROH GHOOD OXQD FUHGHYDQR DQFKH FKH L
PRUWL VL PDQLIHVWDVVHUR DL YLYL H FKH O¶DQLPD HUD
LPPRUWDOH
,OSULPRRUGLQHGHL5HGLYHQGHUHJOLLQGLRVFRPHVFKLDYL
LQ $QGDOXVLD IX GHO DSULOH SRL VL IHFHUR GHOOH
HFFH]LRQL VHJXLURQR RUGLQL H FRQWURUGLQL VL DEROu OD
OHJJH PD WDQWH IXURQR OH SURWHVWH GHJOL VSDJQROL
SURSULHWDUL GL VFKLDYL FKH WRUQDURQR DG DSOLFDUVL FRQ
TXDOFKH PRGLILFD HG DOFXQH HFFH]LRQL 6HFRQGR O¶XVR
GHOO¶HSRFDVLSRWHYDUHQGHUHVFKLDYRTXDOVLDVLSULJLRQLHUR
GL JXHUUD FKH QRQ IRVVH FULVWLDQR &RVu HUD VXFFHVVR FRL
PRUL GL 6SDJQD FKH IXURQR YHQGXWL D EXRQ SUH]]R DOOD
QRELOWj VSDJQROD HG DL IDYRULWL GHOOD &RUWH UHDOH L TXDOL
SRLOLULYHQGHYDQRDORURYROWDHDGRJQLFRPSUDYHQGLWD
VLSDJDYDXQ¶LPSRVWDFKHULVFXRWHYDQRL5HGL6SDJQD
0DULD GL 7ROHGR YHGRYD GHO YLFHUp 'LHJR &RORPER
ULYHQGHWWH XQ FHQWLQDLR GL VFKLDYL QHJUL RWWHQXWL FRPH
FRPSHQVR SHU L SULYLOHJL SURPHVVL H SRL DQQXOODWL GDOOD
VWHVVD&RURQD
&RQUHOD]LRQHDJOLLQGLRVLOSUREOHPDHUDSLFRPSOLFDWR
HVVHQGRTXHVWLVXGGLWLUHDOLH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QRQ QHPLFL ,QROWUH QRQ DSSDUWHQHQGR D QHVVXQD
UHOLJLRQHQHPLFDUDSSUHVHQWDYDQR
DQFKH XQ RWWLPR PDWHULDOH JUH]]R H PDOOHDELOH SHU
HVVHUHFULVWLDQL]]DWR7XWWLTXHVWL
IDWWRUL VXVFLWDYDQR SROHPLFKH SUR H FRQWUR OD VFKLDYLW
GHJOLLQGLRV&LIXURQR
LQWHUPLQDELOL GLVFXVVLRQL FHUFDQGR GL GLPRVWUDUH VH
HUDQRRQRHVVHULXPDQLFLRqVH
HUDQR R QR HVVHUL UD]LRQDOL ULFRUGLDPR FKH QHO VHFROR
;9,,,D/\RQ)UDQFLDVLGLEDWWp
OD TXHVWLRQH VH OH GRQQH DYHYDQR XQ¶DQLPD H OD
YRWD]LRQHIXDIIHUPDWLYDDYHQGR
RWWHQXWRSRFKLYRWLGLPDJJLRUDQ]D
/D PDJJLRU SDUWH GHL JLXULVWL EDVDQGRVL VXJOL VFULWWL
G¶$ULVWRWHOHQHJDURQRFKHJOL
,QGLRV DYHVVHUR XQ¶DQLPD HUDQR HVVHUL LQIHULRUL H
GRYHYDQRVHUYLUHODUD]]DVXSHULRUH
FXULRVDWHRULDFKHGLWDQWRLQWDQWRULWRUQDGLPRGD
7XWWDYLD LO UH )HUQDQGR QHO SURLEu OD VFKLDYLW
GHJOLLQGLRVPDFRQHFFH]LRQH
GHJOL DELWDQWL GHOOH LVROH GHL &DUDLEL L TXDOL GRYHYDQR
HVVHUPDFDWLFROIHUURURYHQWH
SHUULFRQRVFHUOLGDJOLDOWULHVVHQGRFDQQLEDOLHEHOOLFRVL
7XWWRFLzQRQIDFHYDDOWURFKH
FRQIHUPDUH LO GHFUHWR GHOOD UHJLQD ,VDEHOOD GHO
FKHDYHYDFRQFHVVRLOSHUPHVVRGL
FDWWXUDUH H YHQGHUH JOL LQGLRV GHL &DUDLEL 6L
RUJDQL]]DURQRFRVuVSHGL]LRQLSHUFDWWXUDUH
VFKLDYL SRL VH HUDQR R QR FDQQLEDOL LPSRUWDYD SRFR
FRVLFFKpLO5HHLQRELOLLQ6SDJQD
HLQ$PHULFDHEEHURLORURVFKLDYLLQGLRVQHOOHPLQLHUHH
QHLODWLIRQGL/D&KLHVDIDFHYD
VHQWLUHLQXWLOPHQWHODVXDYRFHLQIDYRUHGHJOLLQGLRVH
LQJHQHUDOHIXURQRLIUDWLFRORUR
FKHOLGLIHVHUR
&RPH VFULYH 6pMRXUQp VLXGLURQRDOFXQHYRFLGLUHOLJLRVL
FRQWURODVFKLDYLWXQLFKH
QHOODVWRULDGHOOHQD]LRQLFKHFRQTXLVWDURQRFRORQLH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,O GRPHQLFDQR $QWRQLR GH 0RQWHVLQR SUHGLFz
LQVWDQFDELOPHQWHLQIDYRUHGHJOLLQGLRV
)XTXHUHODWRHGHQXQFLDWRFRPHSHUWXUEDWRUHVRFLDOHDL
VXRLVXSHULRULDO9LFHUpHDL
5H GL 6SDJQD H VL SHQVz DQFKH GL ULXQLUH WXWWL L
GRPHQLFDQLHULVSHGLUOLLQ(XURSD
)HUQDQGR H ,VDEHOOD GHFUHWDURQR FKH L FRORQL VSDJQROL
DYHYDQRODOHJJHGLYLQDQDWXUDOH
D ORUR IDYRUH FRQVHJXHQWHPHQWH IUDWH $QWRQLR HUD
SHULFRORVRHGRYHYDVWDUVHQH]LWWR
$OOH SURWHVWH GL 0RQWHVLQR V¶XQLURQR TXHOOH GHO IUDWH
%DUWRORPpGHODV&DVDVµ0DJDUL
OL DYHVVHUR WUDWWDWL JOL LQGLRV SHU OR PHQR FRPH
DQLPDOLPDOLWUDWWDYDQRFRPHVWHUFR
PDOWUDWWDYDQROHORURPRJOLHLORURILJOLUXEDYDQRLOORUR
FLERHOLXFFLGHYDQRFRPH
FDQL¶
/D VWHVVD FRVD HUD VXFFHVVD QHOOH &DQDULH FRQ JOL
LQGLJHQLFKHV¶RSSRQHYDQRDOOD
FRQTXLVWDVSDJQROD
ÊGLIILFLOHVDSHUHTXDQWLIXURQRJOLLQGLRVFKHPRULURQRD
FDXVDGHOODFRQTXLVWDH
GRPLQD]LRQHVSDJQRODLOQXPHURSLSUREDELOHqGLFLUFD
TXLQGLFLPLOLRQL
,Q %UDVLOH GRSR L PDVVDFUL IDWWL GDL µEDQGHLUDQWHV¶ VL
GDYDQRDJOLLQGLRVFLELFRQ
DUVHQLFRRFDQWDJLDWLGDLYLUXVGHOWLIRRGHOYDLROR1HOOD
6SDJQRODF¶HUDQRFLUFD
PLOD LQGLRV QHO PLOD QHO H FLUFD QHO
JOLVSDJQROLGRYHWWHUR
IDUUD]]LHLQ&XEDHQHOOH%DKDPDVSHUULSRSRODUOD
,Q &XED F¶HUDQR FLUFD PLOD LQGLRV QHO QHO
QHUHVWDYDQRVROR
IDPLJOLH 0D q DQFKH YHUR FKH PROWLVVLPL PRULURQR D
FDXVDGHOOHPDODWWLHLQWURGRWWH
GDJOLHXURSHLFRPHLOYDLRORHO¶LQIOXHQ]D
1HO L 5H GL 6SDJQD GHFUHWDURQR FKH GRYHYDQR
HVVHUHLPSRUWDWLLQ$PHULFDVFKLDYL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
QHJUL DIULFDQL SHUFKp HUDQR SL UREXVWL ODYRUDWRUL H GL
EXRQFDUDWWHUHLQSRFRWHPSR
WXWWLLGLJQLWDULFLYLOLHGHFFOHVLDVWLFLHEEHURLORURVFKLDYL
QHJUL
*OLLQGLRVHUDQRREEOLJDWLDWURYDUHHFRQVHJQDUHRURSHU
L 5H GL 6SDJQD FRPH LPSRVWD RJQL WUH PHVL 6L
ILVVDURQR PXOWH H FDVWLJKL SHU JO¶LQIUDWWRUL &L IXURQR PROWL
FDVLLQFXLVLWRUWXUDYDQRJOLLQGLRV
QHO GXEELR FKH DYHVVHUR QDVFRVWR O¶RUR LQYHFH GL
FRQVHJQDUOR
0ROWL IXJJLURQR ULIXJLDQGRVL QHOOH PRQWDJQH H QHL
ERVFKLPDIXURQREUDFFDWLHVFRYDWL
GDJOLVSDJQROLFRQO¶DLXWRGHLFDQL
9DUL ELRJUDIL LQFROSDQR DQFKH &RORPER GL DYHU
FRQVLJOLDWRHGRWWHQXWRODYHQGLWDGHL
SULPLVFKLDYLDEHQHILFLRGHLILQDQ]LDWRULGHLYLDJJLHGHL
5HGL6SDJQD
6HFRQGRLOIUDWH%HUWRORPpGHODV&DVDV&RORPERQRQIX
QpFUXGHOHQpEHQHYRORFRQ
JOL LQGLRV LO VXR DWWHJJLDPHQWR FDPELDYD VHFRQGR OH
FLUFRVWDQ]HHJOLRUGLQLFKH
ULFHYHYD(&RORPERORVFULVVHFKLDUDPHQWH
µ6HOD5HJLQDFKHUDFFRPDQGDWDQWRODPRGHUD]LRQHQHL
FRQIURQWLGHJOLLQGLRVHFKLHGH
WDQWRRURYHQLVVHDYHGHUHLOODYRURFKHFRVWDRWWHQHUOR
WDQWRSLFKHO¶LQGLRq
LQGROHQWHHSUHIHULVFHVXLFLGDUVLSLXWWRVWRFKHODYRUDUH¶
'¶DOWUD SDUWH DQFKH L 5H FDPELDYDQR FRQWLQXDPHQWH
G¶RSLQLRQHVHFRQGROHFLUFRVWDQ]H
FRQ UHOD]LRQH DOOD VFKLDYLW GHJOL LQGLRV PHQWUH QRQ
GXELWDURQRPDLFRQUHOD]LRQHDOOD
VFKLDYLWGHLQHJUL
/DUHJLQD,VDEHOODQHOVXRWHVWDPHQWHODVFLzVFULWWRµ1p
LO5HPLRVLJQRUHQpOD
3ULQFLSHVVD PLD ILJOLD Qp PLR ILJOLR LO 3ULQFLSH
SHUPHWWHUDQQRFKHJOLLQGLRVFKH
DELWDQR OH LVROH H OD WHUUDIHUPD VRIIUDQR DOFXQ GDQQR
QHOOHORURSHUVRQHHQHLORUREHQL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
( EDGHUDQQR FKH TXHVWH SRSROD]LRQL VLDQR WUDWWDWH FRQ
JLXVWL]LDHERQWj¶
0D OD PDJJLRUDQ]D GHJOL LQGLRV FKH ULPDVHUR GRYHWWHUR
FRQWHQWDUVLVRORGHOOHEXRQH
LQWHQ]LRQL
$QFKH LO SDSD 3DROR ,,, LQWHUYHQQH LQ ORUR
GLIHVDFRQXQDEROOD
µ*OL LQGLRV VRQR XRPLQL H QRQ EHVWLH OLEHUL H QRQ
VFKLDYL¶
0DLQSUDWLFDUHVWzOHWWHUDPRUWDFRPHTXHOODGL3LR9
FKHIXVDQWLILFDWRTXDQGR
QHO VHFROR ;9, FRQGDQQz OH FRUULGH GHL WRUL
VFRPXQLFDQGRWXWWLFRORURFKHYL
SDUWHFLSDYDQR PD IXURQR WDQWH OH SURWHVWH VSDJQROH
FKHGRYHWWHULWLUDUHODVFRPXQLFD
/¶,QJKLOWHUUD DEROu OD VFKLDYLW QHO LO 0HVVLFR QHO
PDGLYHQWzUHDOPHQWH
HIIHWWLYD HQ OD &RORPELD QHO JOL 6WDWL 8QLWL
QHOHOD6SDJQDQHO
PD DQFRUD HVLVWH RJJLJLRUQR LQ YDULH SDUWL GHOO¶$IULFD H
GHOO¶$VLD
1HOLOSDSD$OHVVDQGUR9,FRQFHVVHDL5HGL6SDJQD
LOWLWRORGLµ&DWWROLFL¶1RQHUD
UHDOPHQWH XQD JUDQ QRYLWj L SRQWHILFL FRQFHGHYDQR WDOL
WLWROL FRQ XQD FHUWD PDJQDQLPLWj (QULFR 9,,,
G¶,QJKLOWHUUD HUD VWDWR QRPLQDWR µ'LIHQVRUH GHOOD )HGH¶
SULPD GHO VXR PDWULPRQLR FRQ $QQD %ROHWD H GHOOD
VFLVVLRQH GHOOD &KLHVD DQJOLFDQD &DUOR 9,,, GL )UDQFLDVL
RIIHVHTXDQGRVHSSHGHOWLWRORFRQFHVVRDL5HGL6SDJQD
GDWRFKHDOXLVSHWWDYDLOWLWRORGLµ5HGHO&ULVWLDQHVLPR¶
HUHGLWDWRGDVXRSDGUH
1HO (QULFR 9,, G¶,QJKLOWHUUD SHUPLVH DO YHQH]LDQR
*LRYDQQL &DERWR GL DWWUDYHUVDUH O¶$WODQWLFR QRUG VRWWR
EDQGLHUDLQJOHVHPDSDJDQGRTXHVWLWXWWHOHVSHVHGHOOD
VSHGL]LRQH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
0DOJUDGR OH SURWHVWH VSDJQROH &DERWR DUULYz QHOO¶DWWXDOH
1HZ )RXQGODQG H QHOOD 1XRYD 6FR]LD DYHQGR FRVu
DSSURGDWRSULPDGL&RORPERQHOODWHUUDIHUPDDPHULFDQD
,Q XQ VHFRQGR YLDJJLR WRFFz LO /DEUDGRU H OD 1XRYD
,QJKLOWHUUDQRQWURYzRURQpVSH]LHPDVRORLPSRUWDQWL
EDQFKL GL SHVFH FKH D TXHL WHPSL QRQ VXVFLWDURQR
O¶LQWHUHVVH GL QHVVXQR 3L WDUGL QH DSSURILWWDURQR L
SRUWRJKHVLFRQYLQWLFKHIRVVHURWHUUHDVLDWLFKH
6L FRQRVFRQR L QRPL GL FLQTXH GHOOH VHL QDYL µ6DQWD
0DUtD¶ µ/D *XtD¶ /D *XLGD µ&DVWLOOD¶ &DVWLJOLD µ/D
*RUGD¶OD*UDVVDµ/D5iELGD¶Hµ/D*DU]D¶/D*D]]D
*LDQQDQWRQLR &RORPER FKH FRQVHUYz VHPSUH LO VXR
FRJQRPH RULJLQDOH LWDOLDQR DOOD PRUWH GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR
FRQWLQXzDGHVVHUHDJOLRUGLQLGHOILJOLRGLTXHVWL'LHJR
*LXQVHLQ6SDJQDDQFKHXQIUDWHOORVXRGLQRPH$QGUHD
LOTXDOHSDUWHFLSzDOTXDUWRYLDJJLRGL&RORPER
4XHVWD PDODWWLD FKH JOL VSDJQROL FKLDPDYDQR µLO
EXEERQH¶ JOL LWDOLDQL µLO PRUER IUDQFHVH¶ H L IUDQFHVL µLO
PRUERGL1DSROL¶SUHVHLOQRPHGLVLILOLGHGDOWLWRORGLXQ
SRHPD GLGDVFDOLFR GHO PHGLFR LWDOLDQR *HURODPR
)UDFDVWRURSXEEOLFDWRQHO6HFRQGR(PLOLDQR-RVLO
PHGLFR5RGULJR'tD]%DOOHVWHURV7DYLDQLHGDOWUL3LQ]yQ
IXODSULPDYLWWLPDHXURSHDGLTXHVWDPDODWWLD
2OWUHTXHOODG¶2MHGDR+RMHGDGHOFLIXURQRDOWUH
VSHGL]LRQL VSDJQROH H SRUWRJKHVL GL 3HUDORQVR 1LxR GL
<ixH]3LQ]yQHGL9pOH]GH0HQGR]DQHOTXHOOHGL
5RGULJRGH%DVWLGDVGL3HGURÈOYDUH]HGL'LHJRGH/HLWH
TXHVWH~OWLPHLQ%UDVLOH
*OL DPPXWLQDWL FKH WRUQDURQR LQ 6SDJQD HEEHUR
FRQWDWWLFRQYDULFRUWLJLDQLUHDOLDOFXQLFRQJOLVWHVVL5H
H GLFKLDUDURQR FKH L &RORPER HUDQR FUXGHOL FKH
SHQVDYDQR G¶LPSDGURQLUVL GL WXWWH OH WHUUH FKH DYHYDQR
VFRSHUWR SHU RIIULUOH D TXDOFKH SULQFLSH VWUDQLHUR FKH
QDVFRQGHYDQR O¶RUR FKH HUDQR LQFDSDFL GL JRYHUQDUH
HVVHQGR µVWUDQLHUL H G¶ROWU¶$OSH¶ H FKH QRQ SHUPHWWHYDQR
FKH JOL LQGLRV VHUYLVVHUR JOL VSDJQROL Qp FKH IRVVHUR
EDWWH]]DWL ( )HUQDQGR FRQ OD VXD VROLWD SROLWLFD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DPELJXDLQYLzDOOD6SDJQRODXQFHUWR%REDGLOODFRQSLHQL
SRWHUL
8Q SDLR GL HVHPSL WUD PROWL 'LHJR 9HOiVTXH] WUDGu
'LHJR &RORPER D VXD YROWD &RUWpV WUDGu 'LHJR
9HOi]TXH] ,Q 3HU JOL VSDJQROL IHFHUR VFRSSLDUH ORWWH
IUDWULFLGH G¶XQD FUXGHOWj SL FKH UDIILQDWD JXHUUH FLYLOL
WUDGLPHQWLHULYROWHDQFKHFRQWURL5HGL6SDJQD
)LQTXLPLEDVDLLQJHQHUDOHVXOODWUDGX]LRQHGDOORVSDJQROR
LQ LWDOLDQR FKH IHFH JHQWLOPHQWH LO PLR DPLFR 'DQWH %RJJLR
7RPDVD] GHFHGXWR TXDOFKH DQQR ID VHEEHQH VRVWLWXLVVL
YDULH IUDVL H SDUROH FRUUHJJHQGR HG DJJLRUQDQGR LQFOXVR LO
WHVWR*OLXOWLPLWUHFDSLWROLVRQRVWDWLWUDGRWWLGDPHVWHVVR
&$3,72/2;
,/ 48$572 9,$**,26267$ 2%%/,*$7$ ,1
*,$0$,&$$33$5,6&212/($0(5,&+(/$63$*1$(
/¶$0(5,&$, &2148,67$725,/$ )(%%5( '(//¶252
/(/(**(1'(&216(*8(1=('(//$6&23(57$
(UDJLjO¶DQQRHL5H&DWWROLFLQRQVLGHFLGHYDQRDQFRUD
DG DXWRUL]]DUH OD SDUWHQ]D GL &RORPER YHUVR OH LVROH FKH
DYHYDVFRSHUWR
1LFROiV GH 2YDQGR FRPPHQGDWRUH GL /DUHV HUD VDOSDWR GD
&DGLFHFRQFLQTXHQDYLHVROGDWLHFRORQLFRQO¶RUGLQH
GL VRVWLWXLUH %REDGLOOD FRPH JRYHUQDWRUH GHOOD 6SDJQROD
WRJOLHQGR GHILQLWLYDPHQWH DQFKH D &RORPER WDOH LQFDULFR
$OO¶$PPLUDJOLRVLFRQFHVVHVRORGLQRPLQDUHXQVXRXRPRGL
ILGXFLD QHOOD SHUVRQD GL $ORQVR GH &DUYDMDO RQHVWR H
SLJQROR DIILQFKp FRQWUROODVVH OD TXDQWLWj G¶RUR H OH
SHUFHQWXDOLGHJOLDIIDULFRPPHUFLDOLFKHJOLVSHWWDYDQR
)LQDOPHQWHL5H&DWWROLFLGHWWHURO¶DXWRUL]]D]LRQHD&RORPER
GL SDUWLUH GDO SRUWR GL &DGLFH LQ FRPSDJQLD GL VXR ILJOLR
)HUQDQGR SHU XQ QXRYR YLDJJLR PD FRQ XQD FRQGL]LRQH
SHU QHVVXQD UDJLRQH GRYHYD WRFFDUH O¶LVROD GHOOD 6SDJQROD
&RVuLOPDJJLRODIORWWLJOLDVDOSz'LHJR7ULVWiQSUHVH
LO FRPDQGR GHOOD µ&DSLWDQD¶ FKLDPDWD FRVu GDWR FKH QRQ VL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FRQRVFH LO VXR YHUR QRPH %DUWRORPHR &RORPER FKH QRQ
YROHYDWRUQDUHQHOOH,QGLHPDFKHXEELGuDOGHVLGHULRGLVXR
IUDWHOOR FRPDQGDYD µ/D 6DQWLDJR¶ *LDFRPR GL 3DORV
FKLDPDWD DQFKH µ/D %HUPXGD¶ GDO QRPH GHO VXR SDGURQH
)UDQFLVFRGH%HUP~GH]3HGURGH7RUUHURVFKHDYHYDSUHVR
SDUWHDOOHWUHVSHGL]LRQLSUHFHGHQWLFRPDQGDYDµ/D*DOOHJD¶
/D*DOL]LDQDLOFXLSDGURQHHUD-XDQ4XLQWHURILQDOPHQWH
O¶LWDOLDQR %DUWRORPHR )LHVFKL FRPDQGDYD µ/D 9LVFDtQD¶ /D
%LVFDJOLHVH ,O FDSSHOODQR GHOOD IORWWLJOLD HUD LO IUDWH
$OHMDQGUR $OHVVDQGUR )UDQFLVFR 3RUUDV HUD LO FDSLWDQR H
FRQWUROORUH GHOOD &RURQD ,O WHVRULHUH UHDOH 0RUDOHV IHFH
SUHVVLRQH VX &RORPER DIILQFKp LPEDUFDVVH )UDQFLVFR 3RUUDV
H VXR IUDWHOOR 'LHJR GDWR FKH HUD O¶DPDQWH G¶XQD ORUR
VRUHOOD
,Q WRWDOH HUDQR XRPLQL LO GHL TXDOL DQGDOXVL OD
PDJJLRUDQ]DGHOUHVWDQWHHUDJHQRYHVH
,OPDJJLRODIORWWLJOLDJLXQVHD/DV3DOPDVQHOOH&DQDULH
SHU ULIRUQLUVL PD QRQ WRFFz *RPHUD%HDWUL] V¶HUD
ULVSRVDWD
,QYHQWLJLRUQLDSSHQD&RORPERDUULYzDOOD0DUWLQLFDTXLQGL
DOOD6SDJQRODJHWWDQGROHDQFRUHGLIURQWHD6DQWR'RPLQJR
PDOJUDGR OD SURLEL]LRQH UHDOH GDWR FKH YROHYD FDPELDUH OD
µ6DQWLDJR¶ FKH IDFHYD DFTXD H DOOR VWHVVR WHPSR DYYLVDUH
2YDQGR FKH QRQ ULPDQGDVVH LQ 6SDJQD OD VXD IORWWDSHUFKp
VLVWDYDDYYLFLQDQGRXQWLIRQH
2YDQGR JOL SURLEu GL VEDUFDUH H VL EXUOz GL OXL H GHOOD VXD
SUHVXQ]LRQH GL HVVHUH DQFKH XQ LQGRYLQRH OD IORWWD GL
WUHQWDQDYLFRQTXDVLWXWWLLQHPLFLGL&RORPERDERUGRWUDL
TXDOL%REDGLOOD5ROGiQHLVXRLVHJXDFLULFHYHWWHO¶RUGLQHGL
VDOSDUH
&RORPERVLULIXJLzFRQOHVXHQDYLLQXQDSLFFRODLQVHQDWXUD
YLFLQD PHQWUH LO WLIRQH JLXQVH LPSURYYLVDPHQWH LQYHVWHQGR
ODIORWWDGL2YDQGRHDIIRQGDQGRQDYLFRLORURHTXLSDJJL
DOWUH RWWR DIIRQGDURQR PD JOL HTXLSDJJL VL VDOYDURQR
VROWDQWR WUH PDOFRQFH ULXVFLURQR D VIXJJLUH DOOD IXULD GHO
WLIRQHXQDGHOOHTXDOLHUDODSLFFROD³$JXMD´$JRFKHFRQ
&DUYDMDOWUDVSRUWDYDO¶RURGL&RORPER
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
%REDGLOOD5ROGiQHLVXRLSHULURQRHVLSHUGHWWHDQFKHWXWWR
O¶RURFKHVSHWWDYDDL5H
&RORPER FRQWLQXz LO VXR YLDJJLR YHUVR RULHQWH VSHUDQGR GL
WURYDUH LO SDVVR DG RYHVW FKH JOL SHUPHWWHVVH GL DUULYDUH LQ
&LQD H LQ ,QGLD 7RFFz LQYHFH GXH LVROHWWH %RQDFFD H
*XDQDMD
GL IURQWH DOO¶+RQGXUDV 6L UHVH FRQWR FKH Ou JOL LQGLRV HUDQR
PROWR SL FLYLOL GHJOL DOWUL LQFRQWUDWL ILQR DOORUD WHVVHYDQR
IRQGHYDQR LO UDPH XVDYDQR FDQRH HG DUPL *LXQWR LQ
+RQGXUDV GHFLVH GL SURVHJXLUH OD QDYLJD]LRQH YHUVR VXG
IRUVH FRQ LO SURSRVLWR GL DUULYDUH D 3DULD GRYH DYHYD
LQWHUURWWR O¶HVSORUD]LRQH QHO VXR WHU]R YLDJJLR 6H LQYHFH
DYHVVH QDYLJDWR YHUVR QRUG DYUHEEH VFRSHUWR FRQ VWXSRUH
OD FLYLOWj PD\D &RQWLQXz D FRVWHJJLDUH O¶+RQGXUDV LO
1LFDUDJXD LO &RVWD 5LFD H LO 3DQDPD DIIURQWDQGR WHPSHVWH
DWWDFFKL GHJOL LQGLRV H PDODWWLH IDFHQGR YRWL H SUHJDQGR
FRQWLQXDPHQWH 7URYz GHOO¶RUR LQ 9HUDJXD PD FRQ PROWH
GLIILFROWjVHQHSRWHYDRWWHQHUHLQTXDQWLWjFRQVLGHUHYROLOR
LQIRUPDURQR FKH ROWUH OD VWUHWWD IDVFLD GL WHUUD GRYH VL
WURYDYD F¶HUD XQ DOWUR PDUH PD QRQ GLVSRQHYD GHL PH]]L
QHFHVVDUL SHU DWWUDYHUVDUH OD VHOYD FKH OD ULFRSULYD
VHPLQDWD GL SDQWDQL FRQ FRFFRGULOOL HG DOWUL DQLPDOL
&RQWLQXDYDDVRIIULUHLQROWUHGHLVXRLPDOLJLjFURQLFLGRORUL
DJOLRFFKLUHXPDWLVPLHJRWWDHGRUDDQFKHODPDODULD
9DULPDULQDLSHULURQRDFDXVDGHJOLDWWDFFKLGHJOLLQGLRVWUD
LTXDOL'LHJR7ULVWiQPROWLLIHULWLLQFOXVR%DUWRORPHR
µ/D *DOOHJD¶ IX DEEDQGRQDWD PHQWUH OH DOWUH QDYL
FRPLQFLDURQRDGHVVHUHVIRUDFFKLDWHGDXQYHUPHFKLDPDWR
EUXPDFKHULGXFHYDODFKLJOLDGHOOHQDYLDXQFRODEURGR1HO
JROIR GL 'DULpQ VL SHUGHWWH µ/D 9L]FDtQD¶ H JOL HTXLSDJJL
LQLVWHWWHUR DIILQFKp VL WRUQDVVH DOOD 6SDJQROD ,O JLXJQR
GRSR PROWH IDWLFKH H VRIIHUHQ]H JLXQVHUR D 3XHUWR %XHQR
3RUWR%XRQRLQ*LDPDLFDGRYHV¶DUHQDURQROHQDYL,
PDULQDL FKH UHVWDYDQR FRVWUXLURQR FDSDQQH H GLIHVH FRQ L
UHVWL GHOOH QDYL GDWR FKH &RORPER QRQ YROOH FKH L VXRL
XRPLQLDELWDVVHURQHLYLOODJJLGHJOLLQGLRVQHOWLPRUHFKHVL
ULSHWHVVHURLWUDJLFLIDWWLFKHHUDQRVXFFHVVLQHOOD6SDJQROD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
/¶LVRODGL&XEDQRQHUDORQWDQDPDVLFFRPHQRQYLDYHYDQR
WURYDWRGHOO¶RURJOLVSDJQROLQRQYLHUDQRSLWRUQDWLGRSROD
VXD VFRSHUWD /D 6SDJQROD VL WURYDYD D PLJOLD GL
GLVWDQ]DHOD9LOODGL6DQWR'RPLQJRDPLJOLD
&HUFDURQR GL FKLHGHUH DLXWR V¶LQYLz 3HGUR 0pQGH] GH
6HJXUD LQ XQD FDQRD FRQ VHL LQGLRV LO TXDOH VHPSUH HUD
UHVWDWR IHGHOH D &RORPER ULVFKLDQGR OD VXD YLWD SHU OXL
0pQGH] VILGDQGR OH IRUWL FRUUHQWL FRQ TXHOOD IUDJLOH
LPEDUFD]LRQH V¶HUD DSSHQD DOORQWDQDWR GDOOD FRVWD TXDQGR
IX FDWWXUDWR GD DOWUL LQGLRV *LRUQL GRSR ULXVFu D IXJJLUH H
ULWRUQz DOO¶DFFDPSDPHQWR VSDJQROR 1XRYDPHQWH YROOH
WHQWDUH O¶DYYHQWXUD LQ FRPSDJQLD GHOO¶LWDOLDQR %DUWRORPHR
)LHVFKLDOWULVHLVSDJQROLHXQDGLHFLQDG¶LQGLRV
1HOO¶DFFDPSDPHQWR VL GRUPLYD D WXUQR QRQ ILGDQGRVL
GHJO¶LQGLJHQL/HULVHUYHG¶DFTXDHGLDOLPHQWLILQLURQRSUHVWR
HJOLVSDJQROLFRPLQFLDURQRDPRULUHGLVHWHG¶LQVROD]LRQHR
QHLWHQWDWLYLGLDWWUDYHUVDUHLOPDUHDQXRWR
3HU RUGLQH GL &RORPER 3HGUR 0pQGH] SULPD GL SDUWLUH HUD
ULXVFLWR D PHWWHUVL G¶DFFRUGR FRQ JOL LQGLRV DIILQFKp
SURYYHGHVVHUR DOO¶DOLPHQWD]LRQH GHJOL VSDJQROL D FDPELR
GHOOHVROLWHFLDQIUXVDJOLH
0pQGH] H )LHVFKL WDUGDURQR GXH PHVL DG DUULYDUH D 6DQWR
'RPLQJRHGDOWULQRYHGRYHWWHURUHVWDUFLSULPDFKH2YDQGR
SHUPHWWHVVH ORUR GL QROHJJLDUH XQD QDYH SHU VDOYDUH L
VXSHUVWLWLLQ*LDPDLFDQRQYROHQGRQROHJJLDUORURXQDQDYH
VXDRDOOHVXHGLSHQGHQ]H,QFDPELRVHQ]DFKH0pQGH]OR
VDSHVVH LQYLz D *LDPDLFD XQD SLFFROD FDUDYHOOD SHU YHGHUH
VH&RORPERHUDDQFRUDYLYR(UDODSULPDQDYHLQGXHDQQL
FKHJOLVSDJQROLYHGHYDQRLQ*LDPDLFDHIXJUDQGHO¶DOOHJULD
GL WXWWL FUHGHQGR FKH HUD DUULYDWD D VDOYDUOL PD LO FDSLWDQR
GHOODQDYH'LHJRGH(VFREDUDYHYDULFHYXWRO¶RUGLQHGLQRQ
LPEDUFDU QHVVXQR H VH QH WRUQz LQGLHWUR ODVFLDQGR D WHUUD
LQRVVHTXLRGXHFDVVHGLFDUQHVDODWDGLPDLDOHHGLYLQR
,O JLXJQR JLXQVH 'LHJR GH 6DOFHGR DPLFR GL
&RORPER FKH DYHYD QROHJJLDWR GXH FDUDYHOOH FRO GHQDUR
GHOOR VWHVVR $PPLUDJOLR H PLVH LQ VDOYR L VXSHUVWLWL
VEDUFDQGROL D6DQWR'RPLQJRGRYHIXURQRULFHYXWLFRQXQD
FHUWDFRUWHVLDGD2YDQGR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,Q TXHL GXH DQQL GL SHUPDQHQ]D REEOLJDWD HUDQR VXFFHVVH
PROWH FRVH LQ *LDPDLFD L IUDWHOOL 3RUUDV FRQ OD PHWj GHJOL
HTXLSDJJL V¶HUDQR ULEHOODWL D &RORPER , µOHYDQWDPLHQWRV¶
VRQRVWDWLVHPSUHXQDµVSHFLDOLWjGHOODFDVD¶VSDJQRODHGHOOH
VXH DQWLFKH FRORQLH ,Q XQ SULPR PRPHQWR WHQWDURQR GL
DQGDUVHQHLQFDQRDPDQRQHEEHURLOFRUDJJLRGLVILGDUHOH
FRUUHQWL H SUHIHULURQR DIIURQWDUH JOL LQGLRV FKH GHUXEDYDQR
WRUWXUDYDQRHXFFLGHYDQR
%DUWRORPHR &RORPER OL SHUVHJXu FRQ JOL DOWUL PDULQDL FKH
HUDQR UHVWDWL IHGHOL H OL VFRQILVVH FDWWXUDQGR H LQFDWHQDQGR
)UDQFLVFR H 'LHJR 3RUUDV H SHUGRQDQGR JOL DOWUL 3L WDUGL
2YDQGROLOLEHUz
*OL LQGLRV V¶HUDQR SURSULR VWDQFDWL GL GDU GD PDQJLDUH DJOL
VSDJQROL WDQWR SL FKH RJQXQR GL TXHVWL GLYRUDYD LQ XQ
JLRUQRGLSLGLTXHOORFKHXQDIDPLJOLDLQGLDPDQJLDYDLQXQ
PHVH
&RORPER DSSURILWWz GHOO¶HFOLVVH OXQDUH GHOOD QRWWH GHO
IHEEUDLR SHU VSDYHQWDUOL GLFHQGR ORUR FKH 'LR HUD DPLFR
GHJOL VSDJQROL TXLQGL GRYHYDQR FRQWLQXDUH D GDU ORUR JOL
DOLPHQWL FRPH HUD VWDWR GHFLVR *OL LQGLRV VSDYHQWDWL H
WUHPDQWL FRPLQFLDURQR D SLDQJHUH H SURPLVHUR FKH
DYUHEEHUR FRQWLQXDWR D VHUYLUOL SHU QRQ RIIHQGHUH 'LR ( LO
'LRGL&RORPERFRQWLQXzDVRUULGHUORURULDSSDUHQGRODOXQD
SLOXPLQRVDFKHPDL
0DODWR DIIOLWWR VILGXFLDWR DPDUHJJLDWR SHU OH FRQWLQXH
LQVXERUGLQD]LRQL L WUDGLPHQWL OH LQYLGLH JOL RGL H OH
FDOXQQLH ROWUH DOO¶LPSRVVLELOWj GL WURYDUH XQ FDPPLQR YHUVR
OH ,QGLH H OD &LQD &RORPER VHPEUDYD HVVHUH GLYHQWDWR LO
FHQWUR GHOOD YHQGHWWD GL TXHOOH WHUUH PLVWHULRVH FKH DYHYD
EUXVFDPHQWH VYHJOLDWH GDO ORUR LVRODPHQWR VHFRODUH H
SDUDGLVLDFR
/¶$PPLUDJOLR SDUWLYD SHU OD 6SDJQD LO VHWWHPEUH
SHU QRQ ULWRUQDU PDL SL LQ $PHULFD JLXQJHQGR D 6DQO~FDU
GH%DUUDPHGDLOQRYHPEUH³&KHLOFLHORDEELDSLHWjGLPH
HSLDQJDSHUPHODWHUUD6RQRVRORWUDWDQWLPDOLDPPDODWR
H DVSHWWDQGR OD PRUWH 6RQR FRVu ORQWDQR GDL 6DQWLVVLPL
6DFUDPHQWLFKHVHO¶DQLPDPLDODVFLDVVHLOFRUSR'LRQRQVL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
ULFRUGHEEHGLOHL3LDQJDSHUPHFKLqFDULWHYROHHFKLDPLOD
YHULWjHODJLXVWL]LD´
$SRFRDSRFRFRPHXQURPSLFDSRVLGHOLQHDYDLOFRQWRUQR
GHOOH WHUUH FKH VL VFRSULYDQR QHO VXG GRSR LO WHU]R YLDJJLR
GL &RORPER H GHO SULPR GL 9HVSXFFL ULVXOWDYD VHPSUH SL
HYLGHQWH FKH VL WUDWWDYD GL XQ FRQWLQHQWH QXRYR H
JUDQGLVVLPR VFRQRVFLXWR GDJOL DQWLFKL H LQFOXVR GD 0DUFR
3ROR
1HO VXR TXDUWR YLDJJLR &RORPERVLUHVHFRQWRFKHODPDVVD
GLWHUUDGHOVXGHUDXQLWDDXQ¶DOWUDPDVVDGLWHUUDQHOQRUG
SHU PH]]R GL XQD VWULVFLD GL WHUUD QHO FHQWUR H FKH QRQ
HVLVWHYD XQ SDVVDJJLR SHU SRWHUOD VXSHUDUH VHPSUH
FRQYLQWR FKH VL WUDWWDVVH GHO &KHUVRQQHVR $XUHR 0DODFFD
GL0DUFR3ROR
9HVSXFFL YLGH FKLDUDPHQWH FKH OH WHUUH GHO VXG IDFHYDQR
SDUWH G¶XQ FRQWLQHQWH DXVWUDOH QXRYR H FKH GRYHYD FHUFDUVL
XQSDVVDJJLRGDTXHOOHSDUWL
1HO FRPH V¶qJLjGHWWRLOYHQH]LDQR*LRYDQQL&DERWR
FKH JOL LQJOHVL FKLDPDQR -RKQ &DERW VFRSUu 7HUUDQRYD HG
HVSORUzOHFRVWHGHOO¶$PHULFDGHOQRUGVXRILJOLR6HEDVWLDQR
QHOSHQHWUzQHOODEDLDGL&KHVDSHDNH
1HO OR VSDJQROR 9DVFR 1~xH] GH %DOERD DWWUDYHUVz OD
VHOYD GHOO¶LVWPR GL 'DULpQ H JLXQVH VXOOH VRJOLH G¶XQ¶DOWUR
PDUH FKH FKLDPz 0DUH GHO 6XG H FKH SRVWHULRUPHQWH IX
GHQRPLQDWR2FHDQR3DFLILFR
1HO +HUQiQ &RUWpV SDUWLYD SHU OD FRQTXLVWD GHO
0HVVLFR 0DJHOODQR FLUFRQQDYLJz O¶HVWUHPR VXG GHOO¶$PHULFD
SDVVDQGR GDOO¶$WODQWLFR DO 3DFLILFR /H WHUUH GHO QRUG HUDQR
DQFRUDDYYROWHQHOPLVWHUR
1HO LO ILRUHQWLQR *LRYDQQL GD 9HUUD]]DQR JLXQVH QHOOH
&DUROLQHHQHOOD1XRYD6FR]LDGLHFLDQQLSLWDUGLLOIUDQFHVH
-DFTXHV&DUWLHUHQWUDYDQHO6DQ/RUHQ]RLQ&DQDGD
*OL RODQGHVL /H 0DLUH H 6FKRXWHQ QHO DUULYDURQR DOOR
VWUHWWRGL+RUQRV
0DDQFRUDQHOVLSHQVDYDFKHO¶$PHULFDGHOQRUGHGHO
FHQWUR IRVVHUR XQ SUROXQJDPHQWR GHOO¶$VLD GHOOD &LQD GHO
VXG LO 0DQJL GL 0DUFR 3ROR )LQDOPHQWH QHO TXHVWH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
WHUUH DSSDUYHUR FRPH XQ DOWUR FRQWLQHQWH VHSDUDWR GDOOD
&LQD GD XQR µVWUHWWR¶ EUDFFLR GL PDUH PD QHO LO
GDQHVH%HULQJDOVHUYL]LRGHOOD5XVVLDVFRSUuORVWUHWWRFKH
KD LO VXR QRPH HVSORUDQGR O¶$ODVFD H OD FRVWD RFFLGHQWDOH
GHO&DQDGD
6L GHOLQHDYD VHPSUH SL FKLDUDPHQWH WXWWR LO FRQWLQHQWH
DPHULFDQRVSDODQFDWRDOO¶HVSORUD]LRQHHDOODFRQTXLVWD
, 5H &DWWROLFL GRSR O¶HQWXVLDVPR LQL]LDOH H OD GHOXVLRQH FKH
QH VHJXu H FKH FDXVz OD ORUR LQGLIIHUHQ]D H GLVLQWHUHVVH
WRUQDURQRDLQWHUHVVDUVHQHTXDQGRFRPLQFLDURQRDGDUULYDUH
SURYH WDQJLELOL GHOOD ULFFKH]]D GHOOH QXRYH WHUUH DOORUD
SUHVHUR LQ PDQR OH UHGLQL GL WXWWH OH LQL]LDWLYH H OH UHOD]LRQL
FRPPHUFLDOL,QXQSULPRPRPHQWRSHUPH]]RGHOOD&DVDGL
&RQWUDWWD]LRQH IRQGDWD D 6LYLJOLD SRL GXUDQWH O¶LPSHUR GL
&DUOR9TXHVWD&DVDSDVVzGLSURSULHWjGLUHWWDGHOOD&RURQD
H L JXDGDJQL VL GLVWULEXLURQR WUD L QXPHURVL DFFUHGLWRUL LQ
SDUWLFRODUH L EDQFKLHUL WHGHVFKL H LWDOLDQL FRPH L )XJJHU
:HOVHU*ULPDOGL)RUQDULR%DOODFL0DUWLQLHGDOWUL
&DUOR 9 LQGHELWDWR ILQR DOFROORVLGLFKLDUzLQEDQFDURWWDH
SRVWHULRUPHQWH DQFKH VXR ILJOLR )LOLSSR ,, SHU EHQ GXH
YROWH H OD ORUR LQVROYHQ]D PDQGz LQ URYLQD YDUL EDQFKLHUL
LPSRUWDQWL
6HEEHQH VL SURLEu O¶HQWUDWD DOOH FRORQLH DPHULFDQH H
FRPPHUFLDUHFRQHVVHDLPRULHEUHL]LQJDULFRQYHUVLH
VWUDQLHUL LQ JHQHUDOH LQFOXGHQGR JOL VSDJQROL FKH QRQ
SRWHYDQR GLPRVWUDUH OD ORUR µSXUH]]D GL VDQJXH¶ GDL ORUR
TXDWWUR QRQQL LQ JL $QFKH L FDWDODQL YDOHQ]LDQL
DUDJRQHVL H EDOHDUL HUDQR FRQVLGHUDWL VWUDQLHUL H LQ XQ
SULQFLSLRVRODPHQWHXQGLORURULXVFLURQRDILOWUDUVLWUD
OH PDJOLH GHOOD OHJJH 3HUz WXWWH OH OHJJL V¶HPHQGDYDQR
FRQWLQXDPHQWH OD PDJJLRU SDUWH GHOOH YROWH SHU OH SURWHVWH
GHL SRGHURVL SHUFKp GDQQHJJLDYDQR L ORUR LQWHUHVVL
FRQVHJXHQWHPHQWH VL IDFHYDQR QXPHURVH HFFH]LRQL H VL
HPHWWHYDQR SHUPHVVL VSHFLDOL SHU HVHPSLR DL WHGHVFKL VL
SHUPLVH OD SDUWHFLSD]LRQH DO FRPPHUFLR HG DQFKH DOOD
FRQTXLVWDVRSUDWWXWWRDL)XJJHUHDL:HOVHU
$G XQ FHUWR PRPHQWR IUDQFHVL LQJOHVL JHQRYHVL
ILDPPLQJKL H WHGHVFKL FRPLQFLDURQR D FRQWUROODUH WXWWR LO
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FRPPHUFLRHOHPLQLHUHDPHULFDQHDFDXVDGHOODTXDQWLWjGL
GDQDURFKHDYHYDQRSUHVWDWRDOOD&RURQD
&RVu PHQWUH JOL VWUDQLHUL H OD QRELOWj FDVWLJOLDQD
V¶DUULFFKLYDQR OD 6SDJQD V¶LPSRYHULYD WHUULELOPHQWH
LQFOXVRDFDXVDGHOORVSRSRODPHQWRFDXVDWRGDOO¶HPLJUD]LRQH
YHUVR OH $PHULFKH ,QGHELWDWD H LPSRYHULWD OD 6SDJQD YLGH
GLPLQXLUHDSRFRDSRFRODVXDSRSROD]LRQHGDJOLPLOLRQL
FKHDYHYDQHODLPLOLRQLPLODQHO
, FRQTXLVWDWRUL LQ PDJJLRUDQ]D VSDJQROL H SRUWRJKHVL PD
DQFKH LQJOHVL IUDQFHVL RODQGHVL WHGHVFKL LWDOLDQL
ILDPPLQJKLHGDOWULJLXQJHYDQRLQ$PHULFDSHUDUULFFKLUVLH
YLYHUHSRLVHQ]DSLVHUYLUHSHULOUHVWRGHOODORURYLWD
/¶RUR EHQHGL]LRQH H PDOHGL]LRQH GHJOL XRPLQL IX OD FDXVD
SULQFLSDOH GHOOD VFRSHUWD GHOOD UDSLGLWj GHOOD FRQTXLVWD H
GHOOD PDJJLRUDQ]D GHL PDVVDFUL H UDSLQH PD DOOR VWHVVR
WHPSR UHVH SRVVLELOH OD FULVWLDQL]]D]LRQH GL SRSROD]LRQL
LQWHUHHDSUuLOFDPPLQRDOSURJUHVVRWHFQLFRVFLHQWLILFR
,O PLUDJJLR GHOO¶RUR IHFH Vu FKH OD &RURQD DXWRUL]]DVVH WDOH
LPSUHVD H FKH L ULFFKL OD ILQDQ]LDVVHUR /D IHEEUH GHOO¶RUR
VSLQVH XQD PDVVD GL JHQWH DUPDWD D FRQTXLVWDUH H
FRORQL]]DUH /D FRQTXLVWD IX HFFH]LRQDOPHQWH UDSLGD GDO
DOHV¶qDQFKHVFULWWRFKHUDSSUHVHQWzXQDYHUD
FURFLDWDPRVVDGDOERWWLQRPLOLWDUHHGDOODIHGHUHOLJLRVD
/D PDJJLRU SDUWH GHL FRQTXLVWDWRUL HUD UDSSUHVHQWDWD GDL
SHJJLRULHOHPHQWLFKHO¶(XURSDDYHYDLQTXHOO¶HSRFD
, WHVWLPRQL GHOOD FRQTXLVWD GD %DUWRORPp GH ODV &DVDV D
3LHWUR 0DUWLUH VRQR SL FKH HORTXHQWL ³Ê QRWRULR FKH OD
PDJJLRUDQ]D GHOOD JHQWH VSDJQROD FKH q TXL q GL EDVVD
FRQGL]LRQHSLHQDGLGLYHUVLYL]LHSHFFDWL´
³6LURYLQDURQRRGLVWUXVVHURHVVLVWHVVLFRQOHORURGLVFRUGLH
H OH ORUR SD]]LH VHQ]D SRWHU PDL UDJJLXQJHUH TXHOOD
JUDQGH]]D FKH FL VL DVSHWWDYD GD XRPLQL FKH DYHYDQR
UHDOL]]DWRLPSUHVHFRVuPHUDYLJOLRVH´
ÊXQDVWRULDGLVDQJXHGLVRIIHUHQ]HGLUDSLQHLQXQDORWWD
SHUODVRSUDYYLYHQ]D/RWWDGLWXWWLFRQWURWXWWL
)LOLSSR G¶+XWWHQ WHGHVFR QDUUz ³6ROR 'LR H QRLDOWUL
VDSSLDPR OD PLVHULD OH SULYD]LRQL OD IDPH OD VHWH \ JOL
VIRU]L FKH QRL SRYHUL FULVWLDQL DEELDPR VRIIHUWR LQ TXHVWL WUH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DQQL &DXVD RUURUH SHQVDUH FLz FKH DEELDPR PDQJLDWR
VHUSHQWL YLSHUH URVSL OXFHUWROH YHUPL HUEH UDGLFL H
TXDOFXQR DQFKH LO FXRLR UHVR WHQHUR FRQ O¶DFTXD H FRWWR H
SHUILQRFDUQHXPDQD´
6L XFFLGHYDQR WUD FRQTXLVWDWRUL H LQGLRV H DQFKH
FRQTXLVWDWRUL FRL FRQTXLVWDWRUL H LQGLRV FRQ LQGLRV /H
FLUFRVWDQ]HORSHUPHWWHYDQRHORIDFHYDQRQHFHVVDULRPDFL
IXURQR DQFKH DWWL G¶HURLVPR G¶DEQHJD]LRQH GL PLVHULFRUGLD
HGLERQWjGDXQDSDUWHHGDOO¶DOWUD
,QJHQHUDOHJOLVSDJQROLQHOOHORURFRQTXLVWHVLFRPSRUWDURQR
LQ PRGR PLJOLRUH GHJOL DOWUL H LQ TXHVWR FDVR VSHFLILFR YD
DOOD 6SDJQD LO PHULWR GL DYHU JRYHUQDWR DSSRUWDQGR DQFKH
GHL EHQHILFL DJOL LQGLRV FRPH QHVVXQ¶DOWUD QD]LRQH VHQ]D
FRQWDUH O¶DWWXD]LRQH PHULWHYROH HG HFFH]LRQDOH GHOOD
PDJJLRUDQ]D GHJOL XPLOL IUDWL /D ORUR RSHUD IX DQFRUD SL
HURLFD HG DPPLUHYROH GDWR FKH HUD FRQWUDULD DOOD PHQWDOLWj
GHOO¶HSRFD H DJOL LQWHUHVVL FUHDWL GDL SRGHURVL FKH DYHYDQR
GDOODORURODOHJJHHODIRU]D
4XDQGR JOL DUDEL FRQTXLVWDURQR OD 6SDJQD OD PDVVD GHO
SRSROR VSDJQROR FDGGH QHOO¶LQGLIIHUHQ]D H QHOO¶DSDWLD
SHUGHWWH OD IRU]D GL SURWHVWDUH GL IDU YDOHUH L VXRL GLULWWL LO
ORUR PRQGR VWDYD VFRPSDUHQGR H QH DUULYDYD XQ DOWUR
VWUDQRVSHVVRLQFRPSUHVLELOH1HOOHPDQLIHVWD]LRQLUHOLJLRVH
FRPLQFLz DG DSSDULUH LO VLQFUHWLVPR H QXPHURVL FDVL GL
DSRVWDVLD SHU FRQYHQLHQ]D R SHU FRQYLQ]LRQH HG DQFKH
LQFOXVRSHULQGLIIHUHQ]D
*OL DUDEL HUDQR JLXQWL TXDVL VHQ]D GRQQH H VSHVVR QH
DYHYDQR ELVRJQR GL PROWH SHU L ORUR KDUHP TXLQGL HEEHUR
UHOD]LRQL FRQ GRQQH VSDJQROH IRUPDURQR IDPLJOLH VL
VWULQVHUROHJDPLGLSDUHQWHODWUDGRPLQDWRULHGRPLQDWL
4XHVWD VWRULD VL ULSHWq LQ $PHULFD WUD VSDJQROL HG LQGLRV
TXHVWL SHU OD ORUR QDWXUD GRFLOH H LPSRWHQ]D VL
UDVVHJQDURQR GLYHQWDURQR PHODQFROLFL DSDWLFL ±FRPH GLFH
3DUU\ ±FKH LQWHUURPSHYDQR GL TXDQGR LQ TXDQGR FRQ IHVWH
UHOLJLRVHHXEULDFDPHQWL
6DOYR HFFH]LRQL FRPH TXHOOH GHOOH SLFFROH HOLWHV
HXURSHL]]DQWL GHOOH QXRYH QD]LRQL DPHULFDQH JOL LQGLRV
FRQVHUYDURQROHORURLGLRVRQFUDVLHPROWHORURXVDQ]HLORUR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DOLPHQWLHTXDOFKHULWRUHOLJLRVRDQFKHVHVLQFUHWL]]DQGROR
0ROWL VRQR JOL VWXGLRVL RFFLGHQWDOL FKH DIIHUPDQR FKH WXWWD
TXHVWDDQWLFDFXOWXUDLQGLDVHUYuGLEDVHSHUODQDFLWDGLDOWUH
FXOWXUH SL RULHQWDOL FKH RFFLGHQWDOL QHOOD ORUR HVVHQ]D H
PDQLIHVWD]LRQL
3DUWLFRODUPHQWH OH GRQQH YL FRQWULEXLURQR LQ PDQLHUD
GHWHUPLQDQWHTXDQWXQTXHLQFRVFLHQWHPHQWHGDWDODIDFLOLWj
GHJOL VSDJQROL GL DYHU UHOD]LRQL VHVVXDOL FRQ ORUR H TXHVWH
FRQ TXHOOL FKH SUHIHULYDQR VHPSUH O¶XRPR ELDQFR
FRQTXLVWDWRUHHLQPROWLFDVLDQFKHLQHJULFKHJLXGLFDYDQR
SL IRUWL H SL DOOHJUL LQIDWWL O¶DYHUH XQ ILJOLR PHWLFFLR HUD
FRQVLGHUDWR XQ SULYLOHJLR QHOOH IDPLJOLH LQGLH ,QROWUH OD
SROLJDPLD GL GHWHUPLQDWH WULE DPHULFDQH H LO ULFRUGR GHJOL
KDUHPDUDELLQ6SDJQDFRQVHQWuDJOLVSDJQROLHDLSRUWRJKHVL
DG DGDWWDUVL FRQ SLDFHUH DOOH QXRYH XVDQ]H WHQWDWULFL H L
PHWLFFL GHOOH QXPHURVH FRQFXELQH VL PROWLSOLFDURQR
UDSLGDPHQWH GRPLQDQGR SUHVWR FRPH HOHPHQWR GL
PDJJLRUDQ]D
*OL LQGLRV DOOR VFRSR GL FRQWHQWDUH H FDOPDUH JOL VSDJQROL
LQYHQWDURQROHJJHQGHFKHVLVRPPDURQRRPLVFKLDURQRFRQ
GHOOH DOWUH DQWLFKH SRUWDWH GDOO¶(XURSD GDL FRQTXLVWDWRUL FRQ
OR VFRSR GL IDU FUHGHUH FKH VL HUDQR WURYDWL IDYRORVL
JLDFLPHQWLG¶RURHJLXVWLILFDUHOHVSHVHHLVDFULILFLFKHWXWWR
FLz FRPSRUWDYD HG DQFKH SHU LQIRQGHUH FRUDJJLR IDU
QDVFHUHLOGHVLGHULRGLQXRYHFRQTXLVWHUDYYLYDUHVSHUDQ]H
&KLVVi PDL OH PHQ]RJQH H OH LOOXVLRQL HEEHUR WDQWD IRU]D
PRWULFH FRPH LQ TXHVWL FDVL , FRQTXLVWDWRUL DWWUDYHUVDYDQR
VHOYH H ILXPL VROFDYDQR PDUL H DFTXLWULQL VFDODYDQR
PRQWDJQH DWWUDYHUVDYDQR SLDQXUH LQILQLWH ODVFLDQGR GLHWUR
GL Vp XQD VFLD GL PRUWL PD L VXSHUVWLWL FRQWLQXDYDQR DG
DQGDUH DYDQWL FHUFDQGR O¶RUR PDOHGHWWR SL LQ Oj VHPSUH
SL LQ Oj FRQ XQD GHFLVLRQH H XQD IRU]D GL YRORQWj
VEDORUGLWLYH
&LIXURQRFDVLLQFXLJOLLQGLRVFDWWXUDQGRTXDOFKHVSDJQROR
JOLIDFHYDQRLQJRLDUHRURIXVRDIILQFKpVHQHVD]LDVVHGDWR
FKHORGHVLGHUDYDFRVuWDQWR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
8QR GHL SULPL WHVWLPRQL LQGLJHQL q TXHOOR GHL PHVVDJJHUL
LQYLDWLD9HUDFUX]GD0RFWH]XPDD&RUWpV(VVLRVVHTXLDURQR
GHJOL RJJHWWL G¶RUR H YHGHQGR OH IDFFH DYLGH GHJOL VSDJQROL
SUHVHQWL ULIHULURQR SRVWHULRUPHQWH FKH ³&RPH PDLDOL
DIIDPDWLEUDPDYDQRO¶RUR´
3HUz O¶RUR HUD SL DYDUR GL ORUR FUHGHYDQR GL WURYDUQH
PROWRQHWURYDURQRSRFRHDSUH]]RG¶HQRUPLVDFULILFL
0LFKHOH GD &XQHR VFULVVH ³ JLRUQL WUDVFRUVL LQ EDOLD G¶XQ
SHVVLPR WHPSR PDQJLDQGR PDOH H DQFRU SHJJLR EHUH PD
SHU O¶DYLGLWj HUDYDPR IRUWL H SLHQL GL VSHUDQ]D PD QRQ
WURYDPPRPDLQHSSXUHXQJUDPPRG¶RUR´
)LQDOPHQWH O¶RUR DSSDUYH PROWR DO SULQFLSLR GDWR FKH HUD
TXHOORFKHJOLLQGLRVDYHYDQRULXQLWRQHOWUDVFRUVRGHLVHFROL
LQ XQ SULQFLSLR QH SRWHWWHUR LQYLDUH LQ 6SDJQD FKLOL
DQQXDOL H PH]]R PLOLRQH DQQXDOH G¶DUJHQWR SHUz GDO
DOO¶RURGLPLQXuILQRDRFKLOLDQQXDOL
,Q FRQFOXVLRQH O¶RUR DPHULFDQR QRQ IX PROWR PHQWUH IX
PROWRSL LPSRUWDQWH SHU JOL HXURSHLFLzFKHLQXQSULQFLSLR
QRQ LQWHUHVVz ORUR FRPH O¶DJULFROWXUD OH PLQLHUH G¶DOWUL
PHWDOOLLOOHJQRLOWDEDFFRLOSHWUROLR
&RPH GLVVH LO PLQLVWUR IUDQFHVH *LRYDQQL %DWWLVWD &ROEHUW
³/H FRORQLH GHYRQR HVVHUH OH PXQJDQH GHOOD ORUR PDGUH
SDWULD DIILQFKp VL PXQJDQR H VL SRUWL YLD WXWWR FLz FKH
KDQQR´
/D SDWDWD OD WDSLRFD LO FDFDR LO JUDQWXUFR LO WDFFKLQR LO
FKLQLQR L ILFKL G¶,QGLD O¶DQDQDVVR O¶DERJDGR OD SDSDLD OD
FRFD OD FRFFLQLJOLD YDUL WLSL GL IDJLROL OD JXDLDED OD ]XFFD
YDULWLSLGLSHSHURQFLQLLOFDXFFLO¶DJDYHWHVVLOHLFDFWXVOH
QRFFLROLQH DPHULFDQH LO WDEDFFR LO SRPRGRUR IXURQR L
SULQFLSDOLSURGRWWLGHOODIORUDHGHOODIDXQDDPHULFDQHFKHVL
FRPLQFLDURQR D FRQRVFHUH LQ (XURSD DOFXQL GHL TXDOL
ULXVFLURQR D FDPELDUH OH DELWXGLQL GHL VXRL DELWDQWL
6RSUDWWXWWR OD SDWDWD VLFRQYHUWuQHOFLERSLHFRQRPLFRGHL
SRYHUL LQ YDULH QD]LRQL GHO QRUG G¶(XURSD ,O JUDQWXUFR QRQ
HEEH PROWD IRUWXQD FRQ HFFH]LRQH GHOOD 5RPDQLD SRFR
XVDWR FRPH DOLPHQWR SHU OH SHUVRQH IX JHQHUDOPHQWH
XWLOL]]DWRFRPHPDQJLPHSHUJOLDQLPDOLG¶LQJUDVVR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
³,O FDFDR WRVWDWR QRQ KD XQ FDWWLYR VDSRUH VFULVVH 3LHWUR
0DUWLUH ±FL VL SXz IDUH XQD EHYDQGD FKH FKLDPDQR
FLRFFRODWR FKH OR EHYRQR JKLRWWDPHQWH GD TXHOOH SDUWL GD
GRYHYLHQHSHUzFKHTXLIDVFKLIRDTXDOFXQR´
1HO OD FLRFFRODWD GLIIXVD GDL JHVXLWL UDJJLXQVH OD VXD
PHULWHYROH IDPD H FRQTXLVWz L GHOLFDWL SDODWL HXURSHL FKH OD
HORJLDURQRJUDQGHPHQWH
,O SRPRGRUR IX XVDWR LQ (XURSD FRPH SLDQWD RUQDPHQWDOH
SHU SL G¶XQ VHFROR L SULPL FKH O¶XVDURQR SHU ILQL
FRPPHVWLELOL IXURQR L VLFLOLDQL DG RJQL PRGR VHUYu FRPH
HOHPHQWRSULQFLSDOHSHULOVXJRVRORQHOHDSSDUYHVXOOH
IDPRVHSL]]HQDSROHWDQHVROWDQWRDILQHGHOVHFROR;,;
,O WDEDFFR ULYROX]LRQz GL SL GLVJUD]LDWDPHQWH OD YLWD H OH
DELWXGLQLHXURSHHHPRQGLDOL
'H ODV &DVDV OR GHILQu FRPH XQ YL]LR RGLRVR *LDFRPR
%HQ]RQL FRPH ³3RSRODUH YHOHQR SHVWLOHQ]LDOH H QRFLYR´
-RKQ %DUFOD\ ³6SDYHQWRVD SLDQWD SHUQLFLRVD LO FXL YDSRUH
SHVWLOHQ]LDOHHVDODPRUWH´
/R ]DU GL 5XVVLD LO VXOWDQR GL 7XUFKLD H OR VFLj GL 3HUVLD
GHFUHWDURQR OD SHQD GL PRUWH SHU L IXPDWRUL SHUz SUHVWR VL
ULFUHGHWWHURWURSSLHUDQRLGDQDULFKHHQWUDYDQRQHOOHFDVVH
GHOOR6WDWRDFDXVDGLTXHVWRYL]LR
,QFDPELRGDOO¶(XURSDJLXQVHURVXFFHVVLYDPHQWHLQ$PHULFD
FDSUH FDQL JDWWL SROODPH FDIIq EDFKL GD VHWD SLFFLRQL
FRQLJOL ODQD OLQR ROLYL IUDJROH SHVFKH ILFKL PHORQL
FRFRPHUL OLPRQL FLOLHJH FDVWDJQH SHUH QRFL PDQGRUOH
DYHOODQHODWWXJDFDYROILRUL
UDSHURVVH ELHWROH FDURWH DJOL FLSROOH OHQWLFFKLH SLVHOOL
FDUFLRILIDYHDYHQDRU]RHFF
1HO EHQH H QHO PDOH HUD FRPLQFLDWD XQD QXRYD HUD LQ
$PHULFDHGDQFKHQHOUHVWRGHOPRQGR
7RPPDVR &DPSDQHOOD VFULVVH FRQ DFXPH ³,O QRVWUR VHFROR
KD SL VWRULD LQ FHQW¶ DQQL FKH LO PRQGR LQWHUR QHL
TXDWWURPLODDQQLSDVVDWL´
%
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
%UDQR GHOOD IDPRVD ³/HWWHUD UDULVVLPD´ FKH &RORPER
FRQVHJQz D 'LHJR 0HQpQGH] DOOD VXD SDUWHQ]D GD
*LDPDLFD
&DUOR9O¶LPSHUDWRUHILDPPLQJRWHGHVFRFKHJLXQJHQGR
LQ 6SDJQD QRQ SDUODYD DQFRUD OR VSDJQROR SHU
RFFXSDUHLOWURQRGRYHWWHSDJDUHODFRURQDFRQO¶RURFKH
JOL SUHVWDURQR L EDQFKLHUL WHGHVFKL )XJJHU L TXDOL
SRVWHULRUPHQWH ILQDQ]LDURQR DQFKH OH VXH JXHUUH LQ
(XURSD 1HOFRPSUzO¶XQLRQHGHOOD6SDJQDDOUHVWR
GHOO¶,PSHURHODVXDVWHVVDHOH]LRQHSDJDQGRFKLOL
G¶RUR LQGHELWDQGRVL SHU WXWWD OD YLWD H TXHOOD GHL VXRL
VXFFHVVRUL
3RVWHULRUPHQWH L FUHROL IXURQR VLVWHPDWLFDPHQWH HVFOXVL
GDLSRVWLSXEEOLFLGDOOHDOWHJHUDUFKLHHFFOHVLDVWLFKHHGDL
SULYLOHJL HFRQRPLFL FKH VSHWWDYDQR VROR DJOL VSDJQROL
QDWL LQ 6SDJQD , FUHROL FRYDURQR LO ORUR ULVHQWLPHQWR H
RUJDQL]]DQGRVL IXURQR L SURPRWRUL GHL PRWL
G¶LQGLSHQGHQ]D GHOOH FRORQLH +DQQR UDJLRQH L PHVVLFDQL
TXDQGR DIIHUPDQR FKH OD FRQTXLVWD OD IHFHUR JOL LQGLRV
FLRq L QXPHURVL SRSROL LQGLJHQL FKH DLXWDURQR O¶HVLJXR
JUXSSR GL VSDJQROL DG DEEDWWHUH O¶LPSHUR D]WHFD H
O¶LQGLSHQGHQ]DODIHFHURJOLVSDJQROLFLRqLFUHROLILJOLGL
VSDJQROLQDWLQHOOHFRORQLH
6LFFRPH VRODPHQWH DL VXGGLWL GHO UHJQR GL &DVWLJOLD H
/HRQH OD PDJJLRUDQ]D GHL TXDOL HUDQR DQGDOXVL HUD
SHUPHVVR G¶HQWUDUH QHOOH FRORQLH YDUL VWRULRJUDIL VL VRQ
GRPDQGDWL FRPH VDUHEEH VWDWR OR VYLOXSSR GHOO¶$PHULFD
/DWLQD VH DO ORUR SRVWR IRVVHUR HQWUDWL DUDJRQHVL EDVFKL
HFDWDODQLFKHHUDQRSLSUDWLFLHUHDOLVWLSLODYRUDWRULH
WROOHUDQWLLQPDWHULDUHOLJLRVD
&DUOR 9 IHFH YDUL WHQWDWLYL PD VHQ]D VXFFHVVR SHU
FDPELDUH LO PRGR GL IDUH GHL FDVWLJOLDQL H FRQYHUWLUOL LQ
ODYRUDWRUL FRPH L SRSROL GHOOH )LDQGUH H GHOO¶,WDOLD
VHWWHQWULRQDOHFKHDYHYDQRFRQYHUWLWROHORURWHUUHQHOOH
]RQH SL ULFFKH HG LQGXVWULDOL GHOO¶,PSHUR PHQWUH OD
6SDJQDFRQWLQXDYDDGHVVHUHSRYHUD
,O FHUWLILFDWR GL SXUH]]D GL VDQJXH IX QHFHVVDULR ILQR DO
VHFROR;,;SHUTXDOVLDVL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
ULFKLHVWDSHWL]LRQHRGRPDQGD+LWOHUHLOVXRQD]LVPRYL
V¶LVSLUDURQRSHUODORURSROLWLFDUD]]LVWD
1HO OH PHUFL FKH DUULYDYDURQR D &DGLFH VL
YDOXWDURQR D PLOLRQL GL PDUDYHGu GHL TXDOL XQ
HUDQR WHGHVFKL H ILDPPLQJKL H LO UHVWR LQJOHVL IUDQFHVL
JHQRYHVL H RODQGHVL *OL VSDJQROL VROR WUDVSRUWDYDQR OH
PHUFLGDOO¶$PHULFDDOOD6SDJQD
,Q TXDQWR DL EDQFKLHUL WHGHVFKL QHO &DUOR 9
QRPLQz L :HOVHU %pOVDU LQ VSDJQROR µDGHODQWDGRV¶
VSHFLHGLJRYHUQDWRUHHGHWWHORURLOGLULWWRGLQRPLQDUH
LORURVXFFHVVRUL$QFKHL)XJJHUVSDJQROL]]DWLLQ)~FDU
IXURQR QRPLQDWL µDGHODQWDGRV¶ D SHUSHWXR ROWUH DO
SRVVHVVRGLXQDTXLQWDSDUWHGHOOHWHUUHFKHYDQQRGDOOR
VWUHWWRGL0DJHOODQRDO3HU$L:HOVHUGHWWHLO9HQH]XHOD
H OD &RORPELD GRYH VWDELOLURQR XQ VLVWHPD GL JRYHUQR
VSLHWDWR FRQWUR JOL LQGLRV D TXHVWR SURSRVLWR %DUWRORPp
GH ODV &DVDV VFULVVH ³SL LUUD]LRQDOH H IXULRVDPHQWH
FKH FUXGHOLVVLPH WLJUL H OXSL UDEELRVL H OHRQL KDQQR
DVVRODWR GLVWUXWWR H VSRSRODWR TXHVWL GLDYROL LQFDUQDWL
SHURWWHQHUHHUXEDUHDUJHQWRHGRUR´
, WHGHVFKL LQ FRQWLQXD GLVSXWD FRQ JOL VSDJQROL
GRYHWWHUR DEEDQGRQDUH L WHUULWRUL VRWWR OD ORUR
JLXULVGL]LRQH /RV VWHVVR %DUWRORPHR :HOVHU IX
FRQGDQQDWRDPRUWHHLPSLFFDWRGDJOLVSDJQROL
, )XJJHU ULFHYHWWHUR SHU VIUXWWDUOH DQFKH OH PLQLHUH
G¶DUJHQGR GHOOD 6SDJQD YLFLQR 6LYLJOLD )LOLSSR ,, FRQ LO
GHQDUR FKH ULFHYHWWH GD ORUR SHU DIILWWL H WDVVH FRVWUXu LO
IDPRVRµ(VFXULDO¶
1HO L )XJJHU HUDQR JLj SDGURQL DVVROXWL GHOOH
ILQDQ]HVSDJQROH
,O GHO FRPPHUFLR FRQ OH $PHULFKH HUD LQ PDQR
VWUDQLHUHLOGHOO¶DUJHQWRFKH
DUULYDYDLQ6SDJQDVHQHDQGDYDDOO¶HVWHURSHUSDJDUHL
GHELWLFRQWUDWWLSHULO
FRQWUDEEDQGR R SHU DOWUHVSHVH/D6SDJQDDOHFRORQLH
GLYHQQHURHFRQRPLFDPHQWH
GLSHQGHQWL GD DOWUL SDHVL HXURSHL /H FRORQLH DPHULFDQH
UDSSUHVHQWDYDQRXQSHVRSHUOD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
6SDJQD XQ SHVR RQHURVR H FRQWULEXLURQR VHEEHQH
LQGLUHWWDPHQWHDOODFRQWLQXD]LRQH
GHO IHXGDOLVPR LQWHUQR PHQWUH QHO UHVWR G¶(XURSD
LPSXOVDURQRORVYLOXSSRGHO
FDSLWDOLVPR
'H ODV &DVDV VFULVVH ³/H FDXVH SHU FXL VRQR PRUWL H
GLVWUXWWRWDQWHLQILQLWHDQLPHGL
FULVWLDQL VL GHYRQR VROR DO IDWWR GL DYHUH FRPH XOWLPR
VFRSRO¶RURHJRQILDUVLGLULFFKH]]HLQEUHYHWHPSR´
&¶HUDQRPROWLSDGURQLGLVFKLDYLFKHPHWWHYDQRLQFLQWDOH
JLRYDQLLQGLHSHUYHQGHUOH
SLFDUH2JQLSHUVRQDLPSRUWDQWHSRVVHGHYDXQDVSHFLH
G¶DUHPGLFRQFXELQH
/H $QWLOOH FRPH JLj V¶q GHWWR SUHVHUR LO QRPH
GDOO¶RPRQLPDLVRODPLWLFDORVWHVVR
VXFFHVVHFRQOD&DOLIRUQLDQRPHG¶XQ¶DOWUDWHUUDPLWLFDH
OD *XLQHD GD XQD UHJLRQH OHJJHQGDULD IDYRORVDPHQWH
ULFFD/HOHJJHQGHLQ$PHULFDGHWWHURYLWDDQRPLFRPH
LO /DJR 'RUDWR 0RQWDJQH GHJOL 6PHUDOGL 9LOOD 5LFFD
3RUWR5LFFR&DVWLJOLDG¶2UR&RVWDULFFDHFF*OLVSDJQROL
FHUFDURQRLQXOWLPHQWHOHDPD]]RQLQHOO¶(O'RUDGRHQHOOH
VHWWHFLWWjGL&uEROD&UHGHWWHURGLDYHUOHLQFRQWUDWHQHOOH
$QWLOOHSRLD*XDQDMXDWRLQ0HVVLFRHILQLURQRSHUGDULO
ORUR QRPH DG XQ ILXPH H DG XQD UHJLRQH GHO %UDVLOH
0ROWL FRQTXLVWDWRUL JLXUDURQR GL DYHUOH YLVWH H GL DYHU
ORWWDWRFRQWURGLORUR
3HGUR GH $OYDUDGR WUD L WDQWL FHUFz OH VHWWH FLWWj GL
&uEROD GDO 0HVVLFR DO *XDWHPDOD PHQWUH 3DVFXDO GH
$QGDJR\D OH FHUFz LQ 3HU H )UDQFLVFR 9iVTXH] GH
&RURQDGR HUD VLFXUR FKH VL WURYDVVHUR QHO QRUG GHO
0HVVLFR SRL QHL SUHVVL GHO *UDQ &DxyQ GHO &RORUDGR
GRYH LO IUDQFHVFDQR 0DUFRV GH 1L]]D QHO
DIIHUPDYD GL DYHUOH VFRUWH GD ORQWDQR *OL VSDJQROL
FRUVHUR YHUVR LO OXRJR LQGLFDWR PD WURYDURQR VROR XQ
GHVHUWRHSHUSRFRQRQOLQFLDURQRLOIUDWH
1HO .DQVDV VL FHUFz LQXWLOPHQWH LO ULFFKLVVLPR SDHVH GL
&KLYLUD /D OHJJHQGD GL µ(O 'RUDGR¶FKH SRL GLYHQQH
µ(OGRUDGR¶ QDUUDYD OD VWRULD G¶XQ SULQFLSH GL 0DQFD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
FLWWj IDYRORVD H ULFFD GHOOH DPD]]RQL ,O SULQFLSH HUD
VSDOPDWRFRQGHOO¶ROLRRJQLPDWWLQDHSRLULFRSHUWRG¶RUR
LQ SROYHUH *OL VSDJQROL FHUFDURQR TXHVWR SULQFLSH QHOOH
*XD\DQH LQ 9HUDJXD GRYH ±VHFRQGR LO FURQLVWD -XDQ
/ySH] GH 9HOD]FR OD WHUUD HUD OHWWHUDOPHQWH ULFRSHUWD
G¶RURHLQDOWULOXRJKL/RFHUFDURQR3L]DUURH)UDQFHVFR
GH 2UHOODQD OR FHUFz DQFKH VLU :DOWHU 5DOHLJK SHUz LO
VXR FRQFLWWDGLQR VLU )UDQFLV 'UDNH IX SL LQWHOOLJHQWH GL
OXL GDWR FKH SUHIHULYD WURYDUH O¶RUR QHOOH QDYL VSDJQROH
FDWWXUDWHRQHOOHFLWWjDPHULFDQHHGDQFKHGHOOD6SDJQD
H GHO 3RUWRJDOOR FKH VDFFKHJJLDYD LQ VRFLHWj FRQ OD
UHJLQD (OLVDEHWWD G¶,QJKLOWHUUD 8QD GHOOH VXH LPSUHVH
FKHJOLSHUPLVHGLULFHYHUHLOWLWRORQRELOLDUHGDOOD5HJLQD
IXLOVDFFKHJJLRGL/LVERQDGRYHFDWWXUzXRPLQLGRQQHH
EDPELQL FKH YHQGHWWH FRPH VFKLDYL DJOL DUDEL GHO
0DURFFR
5DOHLJK LQYHFH VFULVVH XQ OLEUR ³6FRSHUWD GHO JUDQGH H
PDJQLILFR LPSHUR GHOOD *XD\DQD´ QHO TXDOH UDFFRQWz
G¶XQFHUWRUHULFRSHUWRG¶RURGHVFULVVHPLQX]LRQVDPHQWH
OHWHUUHFKHSRVVHGHYDFKHHUDQRXQYHURSDUDGLVRSHUL
PRUWDOL 3HUILQR LO FDUGLQDOH 5LFKHOLHX OHVVH LO VXR OLEUR
HJOLFUHGHWWH
-XDQ 3RQFH GH /HyQ FHUFz XQ¶LVROD GRYH VL WURYDYD OD
IRQWHGHOO¶HWHUQDJLRYHQWOHJJHQGDGHULYDWDGDXQ¶DOWUD
LQG H FRQIXVD FRQ XQ¶DOWUD HEUHD VXOOD IRQWH
GHOO¶LPPRUWDOLWj)LQDOPHQWHODWURYzLQ)ORULGDVLEDJQz
QHOOD VXD DFTXD H VL UHVH LPPRUWDOHILQFKp ±GRSR
TXDOFKH WHPSR ±XQ LQGLR OR XFFLGH FRQ XQD IUHFFLD
DYYHOHQDWD
&RORPER VWHVVR FUHGHWWH ±FRPH JLj V¶q GHWWR ±GL DYHU
LQFRQWUDWR LO 3DUDGLVR WHUUHVWUH PHQWUH LQ (XURSD VL
GLVFXWHYD VH L YXOFDQLHUDQRRQROHHQWUDWHROHERFFKH
GHOO¶,QIHUQR
8Q DOWUR FURQLVWD VSDJQROR UDFFRQWD QHOOH VXH UHOD]LRQL
FKH LQ 3DUDJXD\ OD JHQWH FKH EHYHYD O¶DFTXD GHO 5tR GH
OD3ODWDDFTXLVWDYDXQDYRFHPXVLFDOHFKHVHPEUDYDXQ
VXRQRG¶RUJDQR3HUILQRJOLVWUDQLHULFKHSDVVDYDQRGLOj
PLJOLRUDYDQR OH ORUR YRFL PD ULWRUQDQGR DL ORUR SDHVL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
G¶RULJLQH SHUGHYDQR WDOH IDFROWj ,QROWUH TXHVWR ILXPH
WUDVIRUPDYDOHSLHWUHFKHYLFDGHYDQRLQSLDQWHHOHVXH
VDEELH SUHQGHYDQR IRUPD GL YDVL VSRQWDQHDPHQWH QHL
TXDOLQDVFHYDQRDPDWLVWH
2JJLJLRQR OD SURGX]LRQH PRQGLDOH GHOO¶RUR q GL
JUDPPL DQQXDOL GHL TXDOL
SURYHQJRQRGDO6XGDIULFDGDOOD5XVVLD
GDJOL6WDWL8QLWLHGDO&DQDGDHLOUHVWRGDDOWUHQD]LRQL
DIULFDQH GDOO¶$XVWUDOLD *LDSSRQH )LOLSSLQH H $PHULFD
/DWLQD *OL HXURSHL FHUFDYDQR O¶RUR WDQWR ORQWDQR H FH
O¶DYHYDQRVHQ]DVRVSHWWDUORVRWWRLOQDVRLQ5XVVLDHLQ
6XGDIULFD
*LXVHSSH3DULQLQHOVXROLEUR³,O*LRUQR´QDUUDFRQLURQLD
O¶DELWXGLQHGHOJLRYDQHVLJQRUHFKHVYHJOLDQGRVLEHYHLO
FLRFFRODWR ³ VH &RUWpV H 3L]DUUR XPDQR VDQJXH QRQ
LVWLPDUTXHOFK¶ROWUHO¶2FHDQRVFRUUHDOHXPDQHPHPEUD
RQGH WRQDQGR H IXOPLQDQGR DOILQ VSLHWDWDPHQWH EDO]DU
JL GD¶ ORUR DYLWL WURQL 5H 0HVVLFDQL H JHQHURVL ,QFDVVL
SRLFKpQXRYHFRVuYHQQHUGHOL]LHRJHPPDGHJOLHURLDO
WXRSDODWR´YHUVL
&$3,72/2;,
,/ 7(67$0(172 ', &2/20%2/$ 68$ 0257(/( 68(
720%(, 352&(66, &21752 /$ &2521$/$
48(67,21(&2/20%,$1$6&23(57$2,1&21752"
0HQWUH &RORPER VL UHFDYD D 6LYLJOLD SHU PRWLYL GL VDOXWH LO
QRYHPEUH PRULYD OD UHJLQD ,VDEHOOD D 0HGLQD GL
&DPSR(UDVWDWDVHPSUHODVXDSURWHWWULFHHORDYHYDGLIHVR
FRQWURWXWWLULVSHWWDQGRLVXRLGLULWWLHGRUDUHVWDYDLQEDOLDGL
)HUQDQGR FKH DYHYD GDWR RUGLQL VHYHUL FRQWUR GL OXL FKH
GDYD DVFROWR DL SHWWHJROH]]L FRUWLJLDQL DO ULVHQWLPHQWR H
DOO¶LQYLGLDGLTXHOOLFKHV¶HUDQRULEHOODWLQHOOD6SDJQROD8Q5H
FKH OR ULFHYHWWH FRPH VHPSUH FRQ VFXVH LSRFULWH ,O
ULFHYLPHQWRHEEHOXRJRD6HJRYLDQHLSULPLJLRUQLGHO
H FRPH VFULVVH )HUQDQGR &RORPER ³,O 5H IX PROWR JHQWLOH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
PD HUD HYLGHQWH FKH DYUHEEH YROXWR WRUJOLHUVHOR GDL SLHGL
XQDYROWDSHUWXWWHVHQRQJOLHORDYHVVHLPSHGLWRTXHOSRFR
GLGHFHQ]DFKHJOLUHVWDYDDQFRUD´
&RORPER JOL FKLHVH GL FRQIHUPDUH L VXRL GLULWWL GL OLTXLGDUH
WXWWH OH VXH SHUFHQWXDOL FKH DYUHEEHUR GRYXWR VHUYLUH LQ
SDUWH SHU RUJDQL]]DUH ODFURFLDWDGLSDJDUHLVDODULGRYXWL
DL PDULQDL SURPHVVL H PDL SDJDWL GHO VXR XOWLPR YLDJJLR
FKH GD EHQ GXH DQQL OL VWDYDQR DVSHWWDQGR H TXDOFXQR GL
ORUR FKLHGHYD O¶HOHPRVLQD SHU SRWHU VRSUDYYLYHUH H
ILQDOPHQWHGLSHUPHWWHUHDVXRILJOLR'LHJRGLHVVHUHLQYLDWR
DOOD6SDJQRODFRPHYLFHUpGDWRFKHHUDVLFXURFKHDOXLQRQ
JOLVDUHEEHSLVWDWRGDWRLOSHUPHVVRGLULWRUQDUHQHOOHWHUUH
VFRSHUWH
,OUH)HUQDQGRJOLULVSRVHFKHJOLSURSRQHYDGLQRPLQDUHXQ
DUELWUR FKH JLXGLFDVVH OH VXH ULFKLHVWH &RORPER ULILXWz
VGHJQRVDPHQWH$OORUDLO5HJOLSURSRVHFKHVHULQXQFLDYDDL
VXRLGLULWWLWLWROLHSHFHQWXDOLJOLDYUHEEHGDWRLQFDPELR
XQ FDVWHOOR FRQ UHQGLWH DGHJXDWH DOOD VXD FRQGL]LRQH
&RORPER ULILXWz QXRYDPHQWH FRQVLGHUDQGROD XQD SURSRVWD
GLVRQHVWD H DUELWUDULD $OORUD LO 5H DSSURILWWz O¶RSSRUWXQLWj
SHUQRQGDUJOLQXOOD
/D&RUWHVLWUDVODGzD6LYLJOLDTXLQGLD9DOODGROLG&RORPER
OD VHJXu DQFKH VH OH VXH PDODWWLH VL DJJUDYDYDQR VHPSUH
SL
$G XQ FHUWR PRPHQWR YL JLXQVH OD SULQFLSHVVD *LRYDQQD
UHFODPDQGR D VXR SDGUH LO VXR GLULWWR G¶RFFXSDUH LO WURQR GL
&DVWLJOLD &RORPER OH LQYLz VXR IUDWHOOR %DUWRORPHR DIILQFKp
OHSUHVHQWDVVHLOVXRFDVR0D*LRYDQQDOD3D]]DQRQYROOHR
QRQSRWHWWHRFFXSDUVHQH
,O PDJJLR &RORPER UDWLILFz LO WHVWDPHQWR
QRPLQDQGR VXR ILJOLR 'LHJR FRPH HUHGH SULQFLSDOH ,O
ULFHYHWWH L VDFUDPHQWL JOL HUDQR YLFLQL L VXRL GXH ILJOL VXR
IUDWHOOR 'LHJR H SRFKL DPLFL WUD L TXDOL 'LHJR 0pQGH] H
%DUWRORPHR)LHVFKL/HVXHXOWLPHSDUROHIXURQR³,QPDQXV
WXDV'RPLQHFRPPHQGRVSLULWXVPHXP´
6HPEUD FKH PRUu SHU LQVXIILFHQ]D FDUGLDFD D FDXVD GHOOD
JRWWDVLQGURPHGL5HLWHU
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
1HVVXQD DXWRULWj IX SUHVHQWH DO IXQHUDOH FKH SDVVz
LQDYYHUWLWR DOOD PDJJLRUDQ]D GHOOD JHQWH HG DQFKH DOOD
FURQDFD
,OIXVHSROWRQHOODFDSSHOODGL6DQWD0DUtDGHOD$QWLJXD
QHOODFKLHVDGLVDQ)UDQFHVFRD9DOODGROLG
,Q DSULOH GHO SHU GHVLGHULR GL VXR ILJOLR 'LHJR OD VXD
VDOPD IX WUDVSRUWDWD D 6LYLJOLD H FROORFDWD QHOOD FHUWRVD GL
6DQWD0DUtDGHODV&XHYDVQHOODFDSSHOODGL6DQWD$QQDSL
WDUGL YL VL DSSRVH XQD ODSLGHWWD FRQ TXHVWH SDUROH ³$
&DVWLJOLD H D /HRQH 1XRYR 0RQGR GHWWH &RORPER´ FKH
ULPDQR LQ VSDJQROR µ$ &DVWLOOD \ D /HyQ 1XHYR 0XQGR GLR
&ROyQ¶
%DUWRORPHR PRUu QHO H IX VHSROWR QHOOD FKLHVD GL 6DQ
)UDQFHVFRD6DQWR'RPLQJR'LHJRILJOLRGL&ULVWRIRURPRUu
D 0RQWDOEiQ QHO DQFKH L VXRL UHVWL IXURQR LQYLDWL D
6DQWR'RPLQJRGRYHDSRFRDSRFRYLJLXQVHURTXHOOLGHJOL
DOWUL &RORPER 8OWLPL IXURQR TXHOOL GL /XLJL H GL VXR IUDWHOOR
&ULVWRIRUR,,ILJOLGL'LHJRHQLSRWLGL&ULVWRIRUR)LQDOPHQWH
QHOYLJLXQVHURLUHVWLGL&ULVWRIRURFKHIXURQRFROORFDWL
QHOODFDSSHOODGHOO¶DOWDUPDJJLRUHGHOODFDWWHGUDOH/HWRPEH
IXURQR GDQQHJJLDWH D FDXVD GHL WHUUHPRWL H VDFFKHJJL GHL
FRUVDUL WUD L TXDOL )UDQFLV 'UDNH ,Q RJQL PRGR OH WRPEH
UHVWDURQR DO ORUR SRVWR ILQR DO TXDQGR OD 6SDJQD
FRQVHJQzDOOD)UDQFLDXQDSDUWHGHOOD6SDJQRODRJJL+DLWL
,Q SUHVHQ]D GHL GXFKL GL 9HUDJXD GLVFHQGHQWL
GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLROHWRPEHIXURQRWUDVSRUWDWHQHOODFDWWHGUDOH
GHOO¶$YDQD &XED GHQWUR OH FDVVH F¶HUD VROR SROYHUH H GHOOH
RVVD 'RSR LO WUDWWDWR GL 3DULJL GHO FKH VHJQz OD ILQH
GHOOD JXHUUD WUD OD 6SDJQD H JOL 6WDWL 8QLWL GD &XED
ULWRUQDURQR D 6LYLJOLD D ERUGR GHOOD QDYH GD JXHUUD µ&RQGH
GH9HQDGLWR¶ILQRD&DGLFHSRLGD&DGLFHD6LYLJOLDDERUGR
GHOSDQILORUHDOHµ*LUDOGD¶
3HUzJLjGDOFRPLQFLDURQRDVRUJHUHGHLGXEELVHLUHVWL
FKHVLWURYDQRDWWXDOPHQWHD6LYLJOLDLQXQPDXVROHRLGHDWR
GD $UWXUR 0pOLGD HUDQR UHDOPHQWH GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR R GL VXR
ILJOLR )HUQDQGR R GL DOWUL GLVFHQGHQWL ,QIDWWL V¶HUD WURYDWD
XQDFDVVDGLSLRPERQHOODFDWWHGUDOHGL6DQWR'RPLQJRFKH
FRQWHQHYD GHOOD SROYHUH H IUDPPHQWL RVVHL VX XQ ODWR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GHOOD TXDOH F¶HUDQR GXH WDUJKH GL SLRPER FRQ OH OHWWHUH
µ&&$¶ &ULVWyEDO &ROyQ $OPLUDQWH" H VRSUD XQ¶DOWUD FRQ OH
SDUROHµ,OOWUH\(VGR9DUyQ'Q&UL]WRYDO&ROyQ¶,OOXVWUHHG
(VLPLR 8RPR 'RQ &ULVWRIRUR &RORPER" )LQDOPHQWH GHQWUR
ODFDVVDFHQ¶HUDXQ¶DOWUDG¶DUJHQWRFRQTXHVWHSDUROH
8DSWHGHORVUWRV
'HOSHU$OWH'
&ULVWRYDO&ROyQ'HVU
8&ULVWyYDO&ROyQ
FKHVLJQLFDIRUVHµXQDSDUWHGHLUHVWLGHOSULPRDPPLUDJOLR
&ULVWRIRUR&RORPER¶
$ 6DQWR 'RPLQJR VL SHQVz FKH JOL VSDJQROL QHOOD IUHWWD
DYHYDQR SRUWDWR YLD L UHVWL GL TXDOFKH DOWUR PHPEUR GHOOD
IDPLJOLD &RORPER SUREDELOPHQWH TXHOOL GL 'LHJR ODVFLDQGR
QHOOD FDWWHGUDOH TXHOOL GL &ULVWRIRUR FKH IXURQR FROORFDWL
VROHQQHPHQWH LQ XQ QXRYR PRQXPHQWR QHOOD VWHVVD
FDWWHGUDOH
,O FRQVROH JHQRYHVH D 6DQWR 'RPLQJR /XLJL &DPELDVR
FKLHVH HG RWWHQQH XQD SLFFROD SRU]LRQH GHOOH SROYHUL FKH
GLYLVHLQWUHSDUWLXQDO¶LQYLzD*HQRYDGRYHVLFRQVHUYDLQ
XQ¶XUQD QHO SDOD]]R 7XUVL XQ¶DOWUD D 3DYLD SHUFKp VL
FUHGHYD HUURQHDPHQWH FRPH DYHYD DIIHUPDWR )HUQDQGR
&RORPER FKH DYHVVH VWXGLDWR QHOO¶8QLYHUVLWj GL FRGHVWD
FLWWj FRQVHYDWD WXWW¶RUD LQ XQ¶XUQD GHOOD ELEOLRWHFD
XQLYHUVLWDULDHO¶XOWLPDSDUWHLQ9HQH]XHODFKHHUDVWDWDOD
SULPDWHUUDIHUPDGDOXLVFRSHUWD
/D5HDOH$FFDGHPLD6SDJQRODGL6WRULDGHFUHWzFKHOHSURYH
DGGRWWH GDOOD 5HSXEEOLFD 'RPHQLFDQD QRQ HUDQR YDOLGH H
DIIHUPzFKHLUHVWLDXWHQWLFLHUDQRD6LYLJOLD
0ROWL VWXGLRVL FUHGRQR FKH L VXRL UHVWL VL WURYLQR GLYLVL WUD
6LYLJOLD H 6DQWR 'RPLQJR PHQWUH DOWUL DIIHUPDQR FKH VL
WURYDQRDQFRUDD6DQWD0DUtDGHODV&XHYDVFKHRJJLJLRUQR
q XQD IDEEULFD GL FHUDPLFD H DOWUL ILQDOPHQWH FKH OH VXH
VSRJOLHQRQXVFLURQRPDLGDOODSULPLWLYDWRPEDQHOODFKLHVD
GL 6DQ )UDQFHVFR D 9DOODGROLG GDWR FKH L IUDQFHVFDQL OR
YHQHUDYDQRWDQWRFKHPDLDYUHEEHURSHUPHVVRGLODVFLDUOLLQ
PDQR GHL GRPHQLFDQL 0D LO FRQYHQWR H OD FKLHVD IXURQR
GLVWUXWWL GXUDQWH O¶RFFXSD]LRQH QDSROHRQLFD HG RJJL DO VXR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
SRVWR HVLVWH LO µ&DIp GHO 1RUWH¶ &DIIq GHO 1RUG H PROWL
DELWDQWLGHOODFLWWjVRQRVLFXULFKHLUHVWLVLWURYLQRDQFRUDOt
QDVFRVWLLQTXDOFKHSDUWHGHLVRWWHUUDQHL
'LHJR&RORPERV¶HUDVSRVDWRFRQ0DULDGL7ROHGRGXFKHVVD
G¶$OED H QLSRWH GHO UH )HUQDQGR 9LYHYD D &RUWH H GRSR OD
PRUWH GL VXR SDGUH FRQWLQXz SHU FRQWR VXR D UHFODPDUH L
GLULWWL GHOOH ³&DSLWXODFLRQHV´ VRSUDWWXWWR SHUFKp YROHYD
HVVHUHLQYLDWRD6DQWR'RPLQJRFRPHYLFHUpHJRYHUQDWRUH
HQHDYHYDWXWWRLOGLULWWR0D)HUQDQGRUHVSLQVHODULFKLHVWD
$OORUD 'LHJR SUHJz VXR IUDWHOOR )HUQDQGR GL ULFRUUHUH DG XQ
DUELWUDJJLR G¶XQ WULEXQDOH ,O UH )HUQDQGR DFFHWWz OD VILGD
VLFXUDPHQWH FRQ OD FRQYLQ]LRQH FKH DYUHEEH WHUPLQDWR
G¶XQDEXRQDYROWDFRQTXHVWLOLWLJLHSUHWHVHGHL&RORPERH
DQFKH FXULRVR GL YHGHUH VH TXDOFKH JLXGLFH DYHVVR RVDWR
RSSRUVLDOOD&RURQD
&RVu FRPLQFLDURQR L SURFHVVL FKH GXUDURQR DQQL
HWHUPLQDURQRFRQ&DUOR9HFRQ/XLJL&RORPERILJOLR
GL'LHJRHQLSRWHGL&ULVWRIRUR6RORXQDSDUWHGHLGRFXPHQWL
GL TXHVWL SURFHVVL VL q VDOYDWD OD FHQVXUD UHDOH IHFH
GLVWUXJJHUH LO UHVWR 0DOJUDGR WXWWR ULVXOWDQR SL FKH
HYLGHQWL L VRWWHUIXJL OH GLIIDPD]LRQL JO¶LQJDQQL H OH
PHQ]RJQHXWLOL]]DWLGDLJLXGLFLSHUGDUUDJLRQHDO5H
,O JLXGLFH 9LOODORERV WUD WDQWL DOWUL FHUFz GL VFUHGLWDUH
&RORPER FRQ WXWWL L PH]]L SRVVLELOL XWLOL]]DQGR DQFKH
OHJJHQGH H PHQ]RJQH IDFHQGR WHVWLPRQLDUH L PHPEUL GHOOD
IDPLJOLD3LQ]yQHSHUILQRLPDULQDLJLjYHFFKLGHFUHSLWLGHO
SULPRYLDJJLR
)X SUHFLVDPHQWH LQ TXHJOL DQQL TXDQGR VL FUHz OD
PDJJLRUDQ]D GHOOH FDOXQQLH FRPH TXHOOD GL XQ &RORPER
SODJLDULR GL LGHH H SURJHWWL DOWUXL GL VWUDQLHUR LQHWWR GL
SHVVLPRPDULQDLRG¶LPSRVWRUHFKHQRQVFRSUuPDLQXOOD
GL VFKLDYLVWD DYLGR G¶RUR H GL ULFFKH]]H GL RJQL WLSR
G¶DVVDVVLQRHGLSHVVLPRDPPLQLVWUDWRUH
,OGXFDG¶$OEDULXVFuDFRQYLQFHUHLO5HFKHQRPLQDVVH'LHJR
FRPHJRYHUQDWRUHSURYYLVRULRGHOOD6SDJQRODVHQ]DLOWLWROR
GL YLFHUp PD TXDQGR VDOu VXO WURQR &DUOR 9 OR ULFKLDPz LQ
6SDJQDLPPHGLDWDPHQWH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
1HO TXDQGR PRUu )HUQDQGR &RORPER GRQ /XLJL UHVWz
FRPH XQLFR HUHGH H V¶DUUHVH DL YROHUL GHOO¶,PSHUDWRUH
ULQXQFLDQGRDWXWWLLVXRLGLULWWLDFDPELRGLHVVHUHLQVLJQLWR
GHL WLWROL GL GXFD GL 9DUDJXD PDUFKHVH GL *LDPDLFD
DPPLUDJOLRGHO0DU2FHDQRHXQDUHQGLWDDGHJXDWDDTXHVWL
WLWROL3RFRWHPSRGRSRDFDXVDGHOODVXDYLWDGLVRUGLQDWDGL
OLEHUWLQR GRQ /XLJL GLODSLGz WXWWR LO SDWULPRQLR HUHGLWDWR H
YHQGHWWHSHUVLQROHOHWWHUHHDOWULULFRUGLGLVXRQRQQR
3RL WXWWL VL VFRUGDURQR GL &ULVWRIRUR &RORPER H VROR OR
VYLOXSSR SRGHURVR GHJOL 6WDWL 8QLWL VYHJOLz O¶LQWHUHVVH
JHQHUDOH VX WXWWR FLz FKH HUD DPHULFDQR H TXLQGL VXO VXR
VFRSULWRUH
,QRJQLPRGRSHUSLGLWUHVHFROLQRQFLIXLQWXWWDO¶$PHULFD
XQ VROR PRQXPHQWR FKH OR ULFRUGDVVH Qp HVLVWHYD DOFXQD
ELRJUDILDVXD
,PSURYYLVDPHQWHGRSRXQOXQJKLVVLPROHWDUJRFRPLQFLDURQ
DG DSSDULUH OH FULWLFKH OH LQYHVWLJD]LRQL OH ULFHUFKH
DIIDQQRVH H PHWLFRORVH QHJOL DUFKLYL GL PH]]R PRQGR H OH
LQWHUSUHWD]LRQL SL GLVSDUDWH 7XWWR FLz SURYRFz OD QDVFLWD
GHOODFKLDPDWDµTXHVWLRQHFRORPELDQD¶RJJLJLRUQRJLjTXDVL
VXSHUDWD VH QRQ IRVVH SHU DUWLFROL H OLEUL VFDUVDPHQWH
RJJHWWLYLRVFULWWLFRQSHVVLPHLQWHQ]LRQLSLHQLGLSUHJLXGL]L
ULVSROYHUDQGR SHUILQR OH PHQ]RJQH XWLOL]]DWH GXUDQWH L
SURFHVVL
6L q JLj GHWWR LQ YDUL SDUDJUDIL DQWHULRUL FKH QRQ HVLVWRQR
GXEELVHULVXOO¶RULJLQHLWDOLDQDHSDUWLFRODUPHQWHJHQRYHVH
GL &RORPER LQ RJQL PRGR QRQ PDQFDURQR VFULWWRUL FKH
FHUFDURQRGLGLPRVWUDUHFKHHUDFDVWLJOLDQRRTXDQGRPHQR
FDWDODQR R GL TXDOFKH DOWUD UHJLRQH VSDJQROD R PDJDUL GL
IDPLJOLD G¶RULJLQH VSDJQROD HVSDWULDWD SHUFKp HEUHD ( VH
WXWWR FLz ULVXOWDYD LPSRVVLELOH GD GLPRVWUDUH DQFKH
IDOVLILFDQGR GRFXPHQWL FRPH VXFFHVVH DOORUD ELVRJQDYD
SURSULR FHUFDU GL GLVWUXJJHUH OD IDPD GHO SHUVRQDJJLR
WRJOLHUJOL LO PHULWR GHOOD FRSHUWD DFFXVDQGROR GHL SHJJLRUL
PLVIDWWL H ILQDOPHQWH DGGRVVDUJOL OD FROSD GL FRPH VL
VIUXWWDQR H VL UHOHJDQR JOL LQGLRV DWWXDOPHQWH LQ TXDVLWXWWH
OH $PHULFKH ( OH PHQ]RJQH VHPSUH ODVFLDQR XQ¶LPSURQWD
FKH PHWWH UDGLFL QHOOD FUHGXOLWj H LJQRUDQ]D GHOOH PDVVH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
(FFRTXLTXDOFKHHVHPSLRGLVFULWWRULFKHQRQFRQWHQWLFRQL
GRFXPHQWL WURYDWL FHUFDURQR GL PRGLILFDUOL D ORUR SLDFHUH
VIRJDQGR OH ORUR ODPELFFDWH IDQWDVLH R GL DOWUL FKH
VIDFFLDWDPHQWH IDOVLILFDURQR GRFXPHQWL H LQILQH GL DOWUL
LQYHVWLJDWRUL H VWXGLRVL VHULH HG RQHVWL FKH IHFHUR GL WXWWR
SHUVFRSULUHHGLIHQGHUHODYHULWj
'L TXHVWL XOWLPL LO PHULWR SULQFLSDOH H L PLJOLRUL HORJL YDQQR
DJOLVSDJQROLSHUDYHUVFRSHUWRHIDWWRFRQRVFHUHODYHULWj
7UDJOLVFULWWRULIDQWDVWLFLELVRJQDDQQRYHUDUH0DUFHOR*D\DLO
TXDOH HQXPHUD OH FRQWUDGGL]LRQL LQ FXL FDGHYD VRYHQWH
&RORPER QHL VXRL UDUL VFULWWL VXOOD VXD QDVFLDWD H LQIDQ]LD
FRPHVHVWHVVHULSHWHQGRTXDOFRVDLPSDUDWRPDOHFRPHVH
VWHVVHQDUUDQGRODYLWDG¶XQ¶DOWUDSHUVRQD'DWXWWRFLz*D\D
WLUDIXRULOHVXHFRQFOXVLRQLGHJQHG¶XQDUJRPHQWRSHUXQD
µWHOHQRYHOD¶ SRSRODUH XQ PDULQDLR VSDJQROR DPLFR GL
&RORPERLPEDUFDWRVXOODVWHVVDQDYHGXUDQWHODEDWWDJOLDGL
&DER 6DQ 9LFHQWH YHGHQGR PRULUH LO VXR DPLFR QH SUHVH LO
QRPH H L VXRL ULFRUGL G¶LQIDQ]LD SHU QRQ IDUVL ULFRQRVFHUH D
FDXVDGLTXDOFKHJUDYHPLVIDWWRFKHDYHYDFRPSLXWR
,O SRSRODUH URPDQ]LHUH 6DOYDGRU GH 0DGDULDJD WLUz IXRUL
XQ¶DOWUD WHVL HUD VWUDQR FKH &RORPER H L VXRL IUDWHOOL
FDPELDVVHUR LO ORUR FRJQRPH FKH QRQ VFULYHVVHUR LQ
GLDOHWWR JHQRYHVH R LQ LWDOLDQR FKH QRQ HVLVWRQR SURYH FKH
SDUODVVHUR LWDOLDQR WUD ORUR H FKH ILQDOPHQWH QRQ
ULWRUQDVVHURD*HQRYDXQDYROWDIDPRVLHULFFKL'DWXWWRFLz
FRQFOXGH FKH &RORPER HUD GL IDPLJOLD VSDJQRODHEUDLFD
HVSXOVDGDOOD6SDJQDGXUDQWHOHSHUVHFX]LRQHGHOPD
FRQWLQXDYD D XWLOL]]DUH OR VSDJQROR FRPH VXD OLQJXD FRPH
HUD WUDGL]LRQH GHJOL HEUHLVSDJQROL HVSXOVL GXUDQWH L VHFROL
$QFKH9LFHQWH3DUHGHVDYHYDVRVWHQXWRFKH&RORPERHUDGL
IDPLJOLD HEUDLFDGLµ3ODFHQFLD¶LQ(VWUHPDGXUDLQJDQQDQGRLO
SXEEOLFRFRQODWUDGX]LRQHVSDJQRODGL3LDFHQ]DLQ,WDOLDOD
FXLPDGUHHPLJUzD*HQRYD&HOVR*DUFtDGHOD5LHJDFHUFz
GL SURYDUH FRQWUDIIDFHQGR GRFXPHQWL FKH &RORPER HUD
HEUHRGHOOD*DOL]LDHSUHFLVDPHQWHGHOODFLWWjGL3RQWHYHUD
(VVHQGR&RORPERHEUHRVHPSUHVHFRQGR0DGDULDJDJLXQWR
LQ 6SDJQD FDPELz LO VXR FRJQRPH SHU QDVFRQGHUH OD VXD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
RULJLQH GDWR FKH HVLVWHYDQR DQFRUD GHFUHWL G¶HVSXOVLRQH
,QROWUH FRQRVFHYD PROWR EHQH O¶$QWLFR 7HVWDPHQWR GL FXL
VSHVVRFLWDYDGHLYHUVLDPPLUDYDLOSRSRORHEUHRSHUODVXD
FRQRVFHQ]DDVWURQRPLFDHSHUDOWULPHULWL
6HPEUDSURSULRVWUDQRFKHXQHEUHRFKHQRQYROHYDFKHVL
VDSHVVHFKHHUDHEUHRDPPLUDVVHSXEEOLFDPHQWHJOLHEUHLH
FLWDVVH O¶$QWLFR 7HVWDPHQWR FKH LQROWUH VL FKLDPDVVH
&ULVWRIRUR FKH VLJQLILFD ³FROXL FKH SRUWD &ULVWR´ FKH HUD
GHYRWRGLVDQ)UDQFHVFRG¶$VVLVLFKHDSSDUWHQHYDDOO¶RUGLQH
GHL WHU]LDUL FKH HUD FRQWLQXDPHQWH DLXWDWR HG DPDWR GDL
IUDQFHVFDQL H GDL GRPHQLFDQL H FKH VSHVVR YLYHYD QHL ORUR
FRQYHQWL7DQWRSLFKHEDWWH]]zFHQWLQDLDG¶LVROHFLWWDGLQH
EDLH FRQ L QRPL GL &ULVWR GHOOD 0DGRQQD H GHL VDQWL FKH
YROOH XQD VHSROWXUD FULVWLDQD H LQ XQ FRQYHQWR FKH IDFHYD
SHOOHJULQD]LRQL FRQWLQXH FKH VL FRQIHVVDYD JLRUQDOPHQWH H
SUHJDYD YDULH YROWH DO JLRUQR FKH YROHYD OLEHUDUH LO 6DQWR
6HSXOFUR H FKH L VXRL JHQLWRULHLVXRLIUDWHOOLDYHYDQRQRPL
GLVDQWL
3RL F¶q XQ DUJRPHQWR GHWHUPLQDQWH FKH VPHQWLVFH
O¶DIIHUPD]LRQH GL 0DGDULDJD H FRPSDJQL VH IRVVH VWDWR
HEUHR H SHU GL SL VWUDQLHUR LO 5H H OD QRELOWj O¶DYUHEEHUR
HVSXOVR GDOOD 6SDJQD VHQ]D GDUJOL QXOOD HYLWDQGRVL WUD
O¶DOWUR JOL LQWHUPLQDELOL SURFHVVL 1HVVXQR TXDQGR YLYHYD
&RORPER LQVLQXz FKH IRVVH HEUHR TXDQGR HUD IDFLOLVVLPR
SRWHUOR VDSHUH QHSSXUH IUD¶ %DUWRORPHR GH ODV &DVDV FKH
HUDHEUHRFRQYHUVR
/R VSDJQROR HUD XQD OLQJXD JLj IRUPDWD FRQRVFLXWD GDL
FRPPHUFLDQWL H PDULQDL GHOOH QD]LRQL PHGLWHUUDQHH PHQWUH
O¶LWDOLDQR QRQ HVLVWHYD DQFRUD FRPH OLQJXD QD]LRQDOH WXWWL L
VXRL DELWDQWL SDUODYDQR LQ GLDOHWWR H L SRFKL FKH VDSHYDQR
VFULYHUHXWLOL]]DYDQRJHQHUDOPHQWHLOODWLQR
5DPyQ0HQpQGH]3LGDODSURSRVLWRGHOODOLQJXDFKHSDUODYD
H VFULYHYD &RORPER SXEEOLFz XQ OLEUR GLPRVWUDQGR FKH OR
VSDJQROR QRQ HUD OD VXD OLQJXD PDWHUQD Qp VRPLJOLD SHU
QXOOD DOO¶HEUHRVSDJQROR FRQRVFLXWR QHSSXUH LO SRUWRJKHVH
ORHUDHLOVXRVSDJQRORqSLHQRGLSRUWRJKHVLVPLPDQRQGL
SDUROH JDJOLHJKH &RQFOXGH FKH LO VXR VXSSRVWR HEUDLVPR q
VRORXQ¶LSRWHVLVWUDPED
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
/XLV$VWUDQD0DUtQFUHGHFKHVHQ]DOD6SDJQD&RORPERQRQ
DYUHEEH IDWWR XQ EHO QXOOD TXHVWR VROR 'LR OR VD FRQ
FHUWH]]D FRVLFFKp SHU OXL LPSRUWD SRFR VH HUD R QR
LWDOLDQR FLz FKH LPSRUWD q FKH QDFTXH SHU OD 6SDJQD LQ
UHDOWj QDFTXH SHU VFRSULUH O¶$PHULFD XQD SDUWH GHOOD TXDOH
IX FRQTXLVWDWD H SURYYLVRULDPHQWH DSSDUWHQQH DOOD 6SDJQD
&RQVHJXHQWHPHQWH VDUHEEH SL VDJJLR GLUH FKH QDFTXH
DQFKH DIILQFKp VL IRUPDVVHUR FRO WHPSR QD]LRQL QXRYH H
SRSROLQXRYLLQ$PHULFD
,O SHUXYLDQR /XLV 8OORD QHO FHUFz GL SURYDUH VHQ]D
QHVVXQGRFXPHQWRFKH&RORPERHUDFDWDODQREDVDQGRVLLQ
VXSSRVL]LRQL VFHUYHOODWH H ILQu FRO GLUH FKH HUD VEDUFDWRQHO
LQ*URHQODQGLDFRQLGDQHVLHFKHSHUFLzHUDVLFXURGL
WURYDUHLVROHHWHUUDIHUPDDOVXGRYHVW
7XWWR FLz SLDFTXH D &DUUHUDV 9DOOV LO TXDOH DIIHUPz DQFKH
FKH OD FLWWj QDWDOH GL &RORPER HUD 7RUWRVD LQ &DWDORJQD
LQIDWWLHVLVWHOuXQD]RQDFKLDPDWD7LHUUD5RMD7HUUD5RVVD
/D TXDOH ±VHFRQGR OXL q OD VWHVVD 7HUUD 5XEHD FKH
%DUWRORPHR&RORPERLQGLFDFRPHFXOODGHOODVXDIDPLJOLD
)LQDOPHQWHFKLXGLDPRLOWULVWHVSHWWDFRORFRQ&DUORV3HUH\UD
LO TXDOH VLFFRPH QRQ SXz GLPRVWUDUH FKH &RORPER HUD
VSDJQRORORFKLDPDWUDYDULDOWULHSLWHWLSHJJLRULLPSRVWRUH
H VHQ]D SDWULD H VL VFKLHUD FRQWUR TXHJOL VSDJQROL FKH OR
YRJOLRQR VSDJQROR GDWR FKH QRQ PHULWD TXHVWD QD]LRQDOLWj
XQ ULQQHJDWR FKH QRQ YROOH PDL QD]LRQDOL]]DUVL H FKH
VHPSUH DPz *HQRYD 6RWWROLQHDQGR ³O¶RJJHWWLYLWj´ OD
³VHUHQLWjGLJLXGL]LR´HOD³PDQFDQ]DGLSUHJLXGL]L´GLTXHVWR
3HUH\UD FKLXGLDPR O¶DUJRPHQWR FRQ TXHVWD VXD µERXWDGH¶
VHFRQGROXL&RORPERQRQGRYHYDHVVHUHXQPHULGLRQDOHPD
XQ QRUGLFR FRPH /LQFROQ &URPZHOO R /XWHUR FKH IXURQR
GRPLQDWLGDFRQFHWWLHEUDLFLHGHJRLVWLFLHVWUDQHLDODQRVWUD
FXOWXUD H FKH FKLDPLDPR LSRFULVLD HEUDLVPR R
SURWHVWDQWHVLPR
&RQFHUWRVSLULWRUD]]LVWDHPHVFKLQRDQFKHTXDOFKHQRUGLFR
YROOHGLPRVWUDUHFKH&RORPERQRQHUDDUULYDWRSHUSULPRLQ
$PHULFDFRPHVHOHVFRSHUWHIRVVHURFRUVHDGRVWDFROLHLO
IDWWR G¶DUULYDUH SULPR QRQ DYHVVH QXOOD D FKH YHGHUH FRQ
O¶HVSORUDUH LQIRUPDUH DOODFFLDUH FRPXQLFD]LRQL FDXVDUH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
WUDVFHQGHQ]H PRQGLDOL HFF 4XLQGL O¶ RWWREUH GHO
XVFuXQDUWLFRORQHO³1HZ<RUN7LPHV´LOFXLWLWRORHUD³8QD
PDSSDGHOPRVWUDLO1XRYR0RQGR´3UHQGHYDODSDOOD
DO EDO]R O¶³+HUDOG 7ULEXQH´ FRQ XQ DOWUR WLWROR ³1XRYH
SURYH L YLFKLQJKL YLQVHUR &RORPER´ ,O IDWWR HUD FKH JOL
VWXGLRVLGHOO¶8QLYHUVLWjGL<DOHDYHYDQRVFRSHUWRXQDPDSSD
FKH GLPRVWUDYD FKH L YLFKLQJKL DYHYDQR DWWUDYHUVDWR
O¶2FHDQR $WODQWLFR H VEDUFDWR LQ TXDOFKH OXRJR GHO
1RUGDPHULFDFKHFKLDPDURQR9LQODQG'RSRWDQWRUXPRUHH
VFKLDPD]]LVLGLPRVWUzFKHVLWUDWWDYDGLXQIDOVR&RVuIDOVR
FRPH L FDUDWWHUL UXQLFL WURYDWL µSHU FDVR¶ LQ XQD SLHWUD QHJOL
6WDWL8QLWL
,QRJQLPRGRqSRVVLELOHFKHROWUHDJOLLQGLRVGXUDQWHWDQWL
VHFROL IRVVHUR DUULYDWL DOWUL HXURSHL DIULFDQL R DVLDWLFL" 1RQ
PDQFDURQR OH LSRWHVL 1RQ HUD DVVROXWDPHQWH LPSUREDELOH
FKH FLQHVL JLDSSRQHVL HWUXVFKL JDOOHVL DUDEL IHQLFL HEUHL
IUDQFHVL VFDQGLQDYL LQG LUODQGHVL SROLQHVL DXVWUDOLDQL
RODQGHVL URPDQL SRUWRJKHVL VSDJQROL WHGHVFKL WXUFKL
YHQH]LDQL SLVDQL R JHQRYHVL H SHUFKp QR PRQDJDVFKL R
VDQPDULQHVL" IRVVHUR JLXQWL LQ $PHULFD VHQ]D ODVFLDU OD
PLQLPD WUDFFLD 6H FLz VXFFHVVH IX XQ¶DYYHQWXUD
FRPSOHWDPHQWHLQXWLOHHVWHULOH5HVWDVRORXQ¶LSRWHVLFKHKD
VRORLOYDORUHG¶LSRWHVL
,QRJQLPRGRJOLVFDQGLQDYLHJOLDQJORVDVVRQLLQJHQHUDOH
YROOHURLOORUR3LQ]yQHUHJDODURQRXQDVWDWXDGL/HLI(ULNVRQ
ILJOLRGL(ULNLO5RVVRHVSORUDWRUHYLFKLQJRGHOO¶DQQR
FKHVLWURYDLQXQSDUFRGL%URRNO\QHFHQ¶qDQFKHXQ¶DOWUD
D6DLQW3DXOQHO0LQQHVRWD
3HU FRQFOXGHUH OD µTXHVWLRQH &RORPER¶ q QHFHVVDULR
FRQVLJOLDUH OD OHWWXUDGLDOFXQLWUDLWDQWLVFULWWRULVHULFRPH
JOL VSDJQROL $QWRQLR %DOOHVWHURV &RQVXHOR 9DUHOD 3HGUR
9ROWHV\5DPyQ0HQpQGH]3LGDOHWUDLQRQVSDJQROL6DPXHO
(OLRW0RULVRQ3DROR7DYLDQLH*LDQQL*UDQ]RWWR
8Q DOWUR DUJRPHQWR SROHPLFR q TXHOOR GHOOD SDUROD
µVFRSHUWD¶FKHVRGGLVIjJOLHXURSHLPDQRQDJOLDPHULFDQL
6FRSULUHVLJQLILFDWURYDUHFRVHLJQRUDWHRQDVFRVWHFRVLFFKp
µOD VFRSHUWD¶ IX GHJOL HXURSHL FKH WURYDURQR TXDOFRVD H GD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
ORUR FRPXQLFDWD DO UHVWR GHO PRQGR FRQRVFLXWR SHU JOL
LQGLJHQL DPHULFDQL IX XQ DUULYR GL HVWUDQHL FKH YL ULPDVHUR
VHQ]DHVVHUQHLQYLWDWLHLQROWUHOLGRPLQDURQR
&KLVVj O¶LQWHUSUHWD]LRQH GL 6DOYDGRU GH 0DGDULDJD FRPH
O¶LQFRUSRUD]LRQH G¶XQD SDUWH LJQRWD GHO PRQGR VLD OD SL
FRUUHWWD H JLXVWD LQGLSHQGHQWHPHQWH GDO JUDGR GL FXOWXUD
UDJJLXQWRGDLGLYHUVLSRSROLFKHDELWDYDQRLO1XRYR0RQGR
,Q JHQHUDOH JOL VSDJQROL QRQ YHGRQR UDJLRQH DOFXQD SHU
VRVWLWXLUH OD SDUROD VFRSHUWD FRQ XQ¶DOWUD PHQWUH DL
ODWLQRDPHULFDQL TXHVWD SDUROD VXRQD TXDVL RIIHQVLYD PD
QRQ VL PHWWRQR G¶DFFRUGR VXO VRVWDQWLYR FKH GRYUHEEH
VRVWLWXLUOD ,O PHVVLFDQR 0LJXHO /HyQ 3RUWLOOD VXJJHULVFH
µLQFRQWUR¶ GHL GXH PRQGL FKH VDUHEEH SL DSSURSULDWR VH FL
IRVVH VWDWR UHDOPHQWH XQ LQFRQWUR SDFLILFR WUD VSDJQROL H
LQGLRV LQ PH]]R DOO¶2FHDQR 0D XQ DOWUR PHVVLFDQR LOOXVWUH
(GPXQGR 2¶*RUPDQ ULILXWD WDOH VRVWDQWLYR GDWR FKH QRQ VL
WUDWWz G¶XQ LQFRQWUR PD G¶XQ µLPSRVVHVVDUVL¶ FRVLFFKp
VXJJHULVFH LO WHUPLQH µLQYHQ]LRQH¶ GDO ODWLQR LQYHQLUH FKH
VLJQLILFD LQFRQWUDU FHUFDQGR R VHQ]D FHUFDUH FR]]DUH FRQ
TXDOFRVD VFRSULUH UDJJLXQJHUH WURYDU XQD FRVD QXRYD
3HUO¶LWDOLDQR7DYLDQLODYHUDVFRSHUWDIXTXHOODGHOO¶LJQRUDQ]D
GHJOLDELWDQWLGHO9HFFKLR0RQGR
,OSUREOHPDqFKHVLFHUFDGLWURYDUHXQWHUPLQHFKHSLDFFLD
D WXWWL ROWUH FKH LO SL DSSURSULDWR SRVVLELOH H TXHOOR FKH
PHQRULVXOWLPROHVWRSHUTXDOFXQR
,ORWWREUHqIHVWHJJLDWRTXDVLLQRJQLSDUWHPDFRQQRPL
GLYHUVL q LO *LRUQR GHOO¶,VSDQLWj LQ 6SDJQD LO *LRUQR GHOOD
6FRSHUWD GHOO¶$PHULFD LQ ,WDOLD ,O *LRUQR GHOOD 5D]]D LQ
0HVVLFR FKH VHFRQGR 2¶*RPDQ q TXHOOR GHOOD UD]]D
LVSDQLFD PD VL WRJOLH O¶DJJHWWLYR SHUFKp VXRQD
WURSSRVSDJQROR 1HJOL 6WDWL 8QLWL VHEEHQH LO &ROXPEXV
'D\ VLD GLFKLDUDWR IHVWD QD]LRQDOH VRSUDWWXWWR SHU OH
SUHVVLRQL H O¶LQVLVWHQ]D GHOOH FRPXQLWj LWDOLDQH QRQ q VWDWR
DFFHWWDWRGDXQDGR]]LQDGL6WDWLPHQWUHLQDOWULJOLVLGDQQR
QRPL GLYHUVL SHU HVHPSLR 'LVFRYHUHU¶V 'D\ QHOOH +DZD\
'LVFRYHU\'D\QHOO¶,QGLDQD/DQGLQJGD\QHO:LVFRXQVLQ
%
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&RORPER SUHYHGHQGR JLj O¶RVWLOLWj GHO 5H DYHYD
FRQVHJQDWRQHOJOLRULJLQDOLROH
FRSLH GHL GRFXPHQWL SL LPSRUWDQWL DO GHOHJDWR GHOOD
5HSXEEOLFDGL*HQRYD1LFROD
2GHULJR DIILQFKp OL GHSRVLWDVVH QHOOD %DQFD GL 6DQ
*LRUJLR/DOHWWHUDFKHOL
DFFRPSDJQDYD FRPLQFLD FRVu ³1RELOLVVLPL 6LJQRUL
VHEEHQHLOPLRFRUSRVLWURYDTXLLO
PLRFXRUHqVHPSUHFRVWuD*HQRYD´
)RQGDWDQHOTXHOODGL6DQ*LRUJLRIXODSULPDEDQFD
SXEEOLFDQHOPRQGR
,O WHVWDPHQWR RULJLQDOH DQGz SHUGXWR PD QH HVLVWRQR
WUDVFUL]LRQL
&RPLQFLD LQYRFDQGR OD 6DQWLVVLPD 7ULQLWj H YL ULFRUGD
WXWWL L GLULWWL D OXL FRQFHVVL QHOOH ³&DSLWXODFLRQHV´ H OH
WHUUH GD OXL VFRSHUWH 6WDELOLVFH O¶RUGLQH GL VXFFHVVLRQH
FRPLQFLDQGR GDL VXRL ILJOL H WHUPLQDQGR FRQ L VXRL
IUDWHOOL
³&KH PLR ILJOLR 'LHJR WHQJD H VRVWHQJD VHPSUH QHOOD
FLWWjGL*HQRYDXQDSHUVRQDGHOODQRVWUDVWLUSHFKHDEELD
FRVWu FDVD H PRJOLH H JOL VL FRQFHGD XQD UHQGLWD SHU
PH]]R GHOOD TXDOH SRVVD YLYHUH RQHVWDPHQWH LQIDWWL
GD HVVD *HQRYD SDUWLL H LQ HVVD QDFTXL FKH VL
GHSRVLWL LO GHQDUR QHOOD %DQFD GL 6DQ *LRUJLR D *HQRYD
FLWWj QRELOH H SRWHQWH VXO PDUH´ 5LFRUGD LQROWUH DL 5H
FKHLOVXRGHVLGHULRqTXHOORGLOLEHUDUHLO6DQWR6HSROFUR
H FKH OXL PHWWHUj D GLVSRVL]LRQH LO VXR GDQDUR SHU XQD
FURFLDWD H FKH VXR ILJOLR 'LHJR GRYUj SDUWHFLSDUYL
GLIHQGHQGRVHPSUHOD&KLHVDGDJOLVFLVPLHGDOOHHUHVLHH
FHUFDQGR GL FRQYHUWLUH DOOD IHGH FULVWLDQD WXWWL L SRSROL
GHOOH ,QGLH 2UGLQD D VXR ILJOLR 'LHJR ³FKH SURFXUL H
ODYRUL SHU O¶RQRUH H LO EHQH H OR VYLOXSSR GHOOD FLWWj GL
*HQRYDHLQYHUWDWXWWHOHVXHIRU]HHLEHQLSHUGLIHQGHUH
HG DFFUHVFHUH LO EHQH H O¶RQRUH GHOOD VXD 5HSXEEOLFD
FKHDEELDHPDQWHQJDQHOOD6SDJQRODXQDFDSSHOODFRQ
WUH FDSSHOODQL FKH GLFDQR WUH PHVVH DO JLRUQR XQD LQ
RQRUH GHOOD 6DQWLVVLPD 7ULQLWj XQ¶DOWUD DOOD &RQFH]LRQH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GL 1RVWUD 6LJQRUD H O¶DOWUD SHU O¶DQLPD GL WXWWL L IHGHOL
GHIXQWL H SHU O¶DQLPD PLD H GL PLR SDGUH H PDGUH H
PRJOLH´ 5LFRUGD DQFRUD D VXR ILJOLR FKH SDJKL WXWWL L
GHELWL VXRL JOL UDFFRPDQGD %HDWUL] (QUtTXH] DIILQFKp
SRVVDYLYHUHRQHVWDPHQWH)LQDOPHQWHODVFLDGHOGDQDUR
VHQ]DFKHORURVDSSLDQRGDFKLSURYLHQHD*HURODPRGDO
3RUWR FDQFHOOLHUH D *HQRYD DG $QWRQLR 9D]R PHUFDQWH
JHQRYHVH FKH YLYH D /LVERQD DJOL HUHGL GHL &HQWXULRQH
GHJOL 6FRWR H GL 3DROR GL 1HJUR JHQRYHVL D %DWWLVWD
6SuQRODRDLVXRLIUDWHOOLQHOFDVRLQFXLIRVVHJLjPRUWR
HG D XQ HEUHR FKH YLYHYD YLFLQRDOODSRUWDGHOJKHWWRGL
/LVERQD1HOWHVWDPHQWRULQJUD]LDL5HHULDIIHUPDODVXD
OHDOWjHREEHGLDQ]D
&RPH VFULVVH *LRYDQQL 3UH]]ROLQL QRQ VROR VL PLVH LQ
GXEELR OD VXD LWDOLDQLWj PD DQFKH OD VXD YLUW H
FDSDFLWj WXWWR TXHVWR q GHJQR VRODPHQWH GL
FRPPLVHUD]LRQH
7UD OH WDQWH OHJJHQGH ULGLFROH LQYHQWDWH SHU VFUHGLWDUH
&RORPER ELVRJQD ULFRUGDUH FKH *RQ]DOR )HUQiQGH] GH
2YLHGRQHOODVXD³6WRULD1DWXUDOHGHOOH,QGLH´SXEEOLFDWD
D 6LYLJOLD QHO VFULVVH FKH OH ,QGLH HUDQR
DSSDUWHQXWH DOOD &RURQD FDVWLJOLDQD GD WHPSL PROWR
UHPRWL VLQ GDO D& VHFRQGR FLz FKH DIIHUPDYDQR
FLQTXH VFULWWRUL GLYHUVL &RVLFFKp GD DQQL OH LVROH
VFRSHUWH GD &RORPER HUDQR JLj GHL 5H GL 6SDJQD H'LR
VHQ]D XQ JUDQ PLVWHUR JOLHOH DYHYD UHVWLWXLWH Ê
FXULRVRFKHDQFKH&DUOR9JOLFUHGHWWHRFKLVVjVLVWDYD
DIIHUUDQGR D TXDOVLDVL SUHWHVWR SHU DVVXUGR FKH IRVVH
SHUQRQGDUD&RORPERFLzFKHJOLVSHWWDYDHPDQGzD
GLUH D 2YLHGR FKH YROHYD FRQRVFHUH L SDUWLFRODUL
WHVWLPRQL VFULWWRUL R L OLEUL GRYH DYHYD OHWWR FLz FKH
DIIHUPDYD H FKH JOL ULVSRQGHVVH VXELWR /RJLFDPHQWH
QRQULFHYHWWHPDLQXOOD
7UDLOXRJKLFRPXQLFKHDQFRUDTXDOFKHHGLWRUHFRQWLQXD
DSXEEOLFDUHPDOJUDGRVL
VDSSLD FKH VL WUDWWD GL PHQ]RJQH R GL OHJJHQGH VL
WURYDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
³/D*XLGD0LFKHOLQ6SDJQD´GRYHVLOHJJHFKHQHO
LOSULRUH-XDQ3pUH]
ULFHYHWWH &RORPER LQ JUDQ PLVHULD ( FKH LO RWWREUH
&RORPERVFRSUu&XED
1HOOD ³6WRULD 8QLYHUVDOH /DURXVVH´ -HDQ )DYLHU VFULYH
FKH&RORPERHUDQDWRD*HQRYD
GDIDPLJOLDHEUHDVHQ]DGXEELRG¶RULJLQHVSDJQROD
1HOOD ³6WRULD 8QLYHUVDOH 'DLPRQ´ &DUO *ULPEHUJ VFULYH
FKH&RORPERPRUuSRYHURH
FKHQRQFLVRQRGRFXPHQWLVXOODVXDFLWWjG¶RULJLQH
1HO³&DPPLQRGHOO¶8RPR´6HUJLR0DUWLQHOOLVFULYHFKHOD
5HJLQDYHQGHWWHSDUWHGHL
VXRL JLRLHOOL H FKH O¶HTXLSDJJLR GHO SULPR YLDJJLR HUD
FRPSRVWRLQPDJJLRUDQ]D
GDJDOHRWWL
³, JUDQGL &RQTXLVWDWRUL H 6FRSULWRUL´ q XQ¶RSHUD LQJOHVH
GLGLYXOJD]LRQHSRFRRJJHWWLYD
H SUHFLVD SHVVLPDPHQWH WUDGRWWD FRVLFFKp QRQ VL VD
EHQHGLFKLVLDODFROSDGHLVXRL
QXPHURVL HUURUL (FFRQH DOFXQL &RORPER PDQGz VXR
IUDWHOOR'LHJRLQ
,QJKLOWHUUD*LXQVHFRQVXRILJOLR'LHJRSURYHQLHQWHGDO
3RUWRJDOORQHOSRUWRGL6DQWD
0DULD$SSDUHDQFRUDODIDYRODGHLJLRLHOOLGHOOD5HJLQDH
XQDOHJJHQGDQXRYDFKHD
3DORV L PDULQDL VL EXUODYDQR GL &RORPER FKH O¶DYHYDQR
YLVWRFKLHGHUHO¶HOHPRVLQD
-RVHSKLQD 2OLYD &ROO FDWDODQD LQ ³7HUUD ,JQRWD´ VL
FKLHGH QHO SURORJR GHO &RORPER PDULQDLR
JHQRYHVHRFDWDODQR"
5RGROIR 3XLJJUyV LQ ³/D 6SDJQD FKH FRQTXLVWz LO 0RQGR
1XRYR´DIIHUPDFKHIXLO
FDWDODQR-DHPH)HUUHUGH%ODQHVFKHLQGLFzD&RORPEROD
URWWDFKHGRYHYDVHJXLUH
&RVLFFKpDEELDPRXQDOWURµYHURVFRSULWRUH¶GHOO¶$PHULFD
TXHVWRIDPRVLVVLPR-DHPH
1HO SURORJR GL ³, TXDWWUR 9LDJJL GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR¶ ,JQDFLR
$Q]RiWHJXLGLFHFKHFKLVD
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
GRYH QDFTXH &RORPER LQ RJQL PRGR GRYH VL QDVFH
LPSRUWDSRFRGDWRFKHVLWUDWWDGLXQ
DFFLGHQWH H QRQ KD QLHQWH D FKH YHGHUH FRQ OD VXD
QD]LRQDOLWjELVRJQHUHEEHGLUJOLD
TXHVWR ,JQDFLR FKH LQ TXHVWR FDVR OXRJR GL QDVFLWD H
QD]LRQDOLWjFRLQFLGRQR&RORPER
QRQFKLHVHPDLODQD]LRQDOLWjVSDJQROD,QROWUHODVWHVVD
FDVDHGLWULFHFKHJOLSXEEOLFD
TXHVWDVSHFLHGLOLEURDJJLXQJHµQRQVLWUDWWHUjG¶XQ
FHUWR-XDQ&ROyQGL0DLRUFD"¶
7XWWL L FURQLVWL VHQ]D HFFH]LRQL GHOO¶HSRFD VFULVVHUR FKH
HUDXQRVWUDQLHURHJHQRYHVHR
JHQHULFDPHQWHOLJXUHFRPHV¶qGHWWR
/XL VL GLFKLDUD JHQRYHVH QHOOH OHWWHUH VFULWWH DL 5H QHL
GRFXPHQWLHLQDOWULVXRLVFULWWL
/R DIIHUPDQR H FRQIHUPDQR OH FURQDFKH GL %DUWRORPHR
GHODV&DVDVGL*RQ]DOR
)HUQiQGH]GH2YLHGRGL$QGUpV%HUQiOGH]HGDOWUL
$OFXQL VFULWWRUL SHU FRUURERUDUH L ORUR GXEEL VXOOD VXD
RULJLQHV¶DIIHUUDQRDTXHVWDIUDVH
GL)HUQDQGR&RORPER³YROOHFKHODVXDSDWULDHODVXD
RULJLQHIRVVHURPHQRVLFXULH
FRQRVFLXWLDOSXQWRWDOHFKHDOFXQLORIDQQRGL1HUYLDOWUL
GL%X\DVFRDOWULDQFRUDGL
6DYRQDRGL*HQRYDRGL3LDFHQ]D´
$ SDUWH LO IDWWR FKH OH UHWLFHQ]H GHOO¶$PPLUDJOLR VL
GRYHYDQRDOODVXDXPLOHRULJLQHH
QRQJOLSLDFHYDSDUODUHRVHQWLUSDUODUHGHOODVXDIDPLJOLD
GLFDUGDWRULWXWWHOHFLWWjFKH
)HUQDQGR FLWD VRQR LWDOLDQH 6HQ]D FRQWDUH FKH LQ
TXHOO¶HSRFDµSDWULD¶VLJQLILFDYD
FLWWDGLQD R SDHVHWWR QDWDOL H QRQ QD]LRQH 4XDQGR
QDFTXH&RORPERO¶,WDOLDQRQHUD
QHSSXUHXQDQD]LRQHSHUzHVLVWHYDJHRJUDILFDPHQWHFRQ
TXHVWRQRPHHWXWWLTXHOOLFKH
QDVFHYDQRQHOODSHQLVRODVLFRQVLGHUDYDQRLWDOLDQLDQFKH
VHVSHVVRQHPLFLXQRGHOO¶DOWUR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
1HSSXUH OD 6SDJQD HUD XQD QD]LRQH H SDVVDURQR PROWL
DQQLSULPDGLHVVHUOR
'RSR LO VXR ULWRUQR GDO SULPR YLDJJLR WXWWL LQ 6SDJQD H
IXRULORFRQVLGHUDURQR
JHQRYHVH FRPLQFLDQGR GDL UHJLVWUL UHDOL H GDOOH ULFHYXWH
GHLSDJDPHQWLULVFRVVL
/H FURQDFKH GHO SRUWRJKHVH -RDR GH %DUURV H GL 3LHWUR
0DUWLUHORFLWDQRFRPHJHQRYHVH
HLOWXUFR3LUL5HL]GLFHFKHqXQµLQIHGHOHJHQRYHVH¶
$*HQRYD$QWRQLR*DOORVFULVVHFKH&RORPERHUDQDWRLQ
TXHOODFLWWjGDIDPLJOLD
SOHEHD LO YHVFRYR $JRVWLQR *LXVWLQLDQL LO FURQLVWD
%DUWRORPHR6DQDUHJDHJOLLQYLDWL
YHQH]LDQL DIIHUPDURQR OD VWHVVD FRVD QHOOH ORUR UHOD]LRQL
HFRUULVSRQGHQ]H
7RUTXDWR 7DVVR QHOOD VXD ³*HUXVDOHPPH /LEHUDWD´
VFULWWDWUDLOHLOVL
OHJJH ³8Q XRP GH OD /LJXULD DYUj DUGLPHQWR D
O¶LQFRJQLWRFRUVRHVSRUVLLQSULPDQpµO
PLQDFFHYRO IUHPLWR GHO YHQWR Qp O¶LQRVSLWR PDU Qp µO
GXEELRFOLPDQpV¶DOWURGLSHULJOLR
R GL VSDYHQWR SL JUDYH H IRUPLGDELOH RU VL VWLPD IDUDQ
FK¶HOJHQHURVRHQWURDLGLYLHWL
G¶$ELOD DQJXVWL O¶DOWD PHQWH DFTXHWL 7X VSLHJKHUDL
&RORPERDXQQXRYRSRORORQWDQH
VuOHIRUWXQDWHDQWHQQH´FDQWR;9YHUVL
1HO VHFROR ;; O¶DPPLUDJOLR H VFULWWRUH 6DPXHO (OLRW
0RUULVDIIHUPzFKHGXELWDUH
GHOO¶LWDOLDQLWjHGHOODIHGHFDWWROLFDGL&RORPERHUDFRPH
GXELWDUHGHOO¶DPHULFDQLVPRH
DQJOLFDQHVLPRGL*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQ
$QWRQLR %DOOHVWHURV XQR GHJOL VFULWWRUL VSDJQROL SLVHUL
ODVFLzVFULWWRFKHQRQVLSXz
DYHUH OD PLQLPD RPEUD GL GXEELR VXOOD QD]LRQDOLWj
JHQRYHVHGL&RORPER
0HVH SL PHVH PHQR &RORPER WUDVFRUVH DQQL D
*HQRYDLQ3RUWRJDOORLQ
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
6SDJQDHYLDJJLDQGR
,O IDWWR SRL GL FDPELDUH LO VXR FRJQRPH R DGDWWDUOR DOOD
JUDILDRDOODIRQHWLFDGHOOH
OLQJXHGRYHVLWURYDYDqFRPXQLVVLPRWUDJOLHPLJUDQWLGL
TXDOVLDVLQD]LRQH
,QROWUH OR VWHVVR )HUQDQGR &RORPER GD XQD VSLHJD]LRQH
QHOVXROLEUR
³0LR SDGUH YROOH FDPELDU GL FRJQRPH DIILQFKp GD OXL
FRPLQFLDVVHXQ¶DOWUDVWLUSH
GLYHUVD GD TXHOOD GHL &RORPER LQ ,WDOLD´ 7XWWR FLz
SRWUHEEHVSLHJDUHLO
SHUFKp L VXRL SDUHQWL *LDQQDQWRQLR H $QGUHD
FRQVHUYDURQRLORURFRJQRPLLWDOLDQL
SXU UHVWDQGR LQ 6SDJQD PHQWUH OR FDPELDURQR
%DUWRORPHRH'LHJRIUDWHOOLGL
&ULVWRIRUR
$SDUWHLOIDWWRFKHHVVHUHHEUHRQRQVLJQLILFDQpUD]]DQp
QD]LRQDOLWjPDVHPSOLFHPHQWH
O¶DSSDUWHQHQ]D D XQD GHWHUPLQDWD UHOLJLRQH &RVLFFKp FLz
FKHLPSRUWDqLOOXRJRGRYHVL
QDVFHVLFUHVFHHVLYLYHSHUORPHQRGXUDQWHLSULPLDQQL
GHOODIDQFLXOOH]]DGRYHVL
LPSDUD OD OLQJXD H VRSUDWWXWWR GRYH FL VL VHQWH H FL VL
YXROHDSSDUWHQHUH
&RVLFFKpDQFKHVHVLDFFHWWDSHUDVVXUGRFKHGLVFHQGHYD
ORQWDQDPHQWHGDIDPLJOLD
HEUHDVSDJQROD OXL VL FRQVLGHUDYD JHQRYHVH HUD QDWR D
*HQRYDFRPHLVXRLJHQLWRULHL
VXRLQRQQLTXLQGLHUDLWDOLDQRDOFHQWRSHUFHQWR
/¶$FFDGHPLD GL 6WRULD VSDJQROD IHFH HVDPLQDUH L
GRFXPHQWLGDLSHULWLSDOHRJUDIL
0DQXHO6HUUDQRH(ODUGLR2YLHGR\$UFHFKHOLGLFKLDUDURQR
LQSDUWHIDOVLHLQSDUWH
LQWHUSRODWLHPRGLILFDWL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
&$3,72/2;,,
/¶(48,92&2 9(638&&,/$ 7(55$ '¶$0(5,*2,
0(5,7,',9(638&&,
, 0(5,7, ', &2/20%2,/ 9 &(17(1$5,2 '(//$
6&23(57$
1HO FRPLQFLz D FLUFRODUH LQ ,WDOLD H LQ )UDQFLD XQD
OHWWHUD WUDGRWWD GDOO¶LWDOLDQR LQ ODWLQR LQWLWRODWD ³0XQGXV
1RYXV´ VFULWWD GD XQ WDOH $OEHULFXV 9HVSXWLXV H GLUHWWD D
/RUHQ]R GL 3LHU )UDQFHVFR GH¶ 0HGLFL FXJLQR LQ VHFRQGR
JUDGR GL /RUHQ]R LO 0DJQLILFR 1HOOD OHWWHUD GL SRFKH
SDJLQH VL UDFFRQWDYD LQ PRGR DPHQR OD UHOD]LRQH GHO
YLDJJLR FKH O¶DXWRUH DYHYD UHDOL]]DWR VRWWR EDQGLHUD
SRUWRJKHVHVHJXHQGROHRUPHGL&RORPER
2OWUH DOOH GHVFUL]LRQL GHOOD IHUWLOLWj GHOOH WHUUH VDOXEULWj GHO
FOLPD GRFLOLWj GHJOL LQGLJHQL DSSDUL]LRQL GL DQLPDOL VWUDQL H
GL VWHOOH VFRQRVFLXWH 9HVSXFFL DIIHUPDYD FKH GRYHYD
WUDWWDUVL GL XQ PRQGR QXRYR GDWR FKH VL WURYDYD
SUHFLVDPHQWH GRYH JOL DQWLFKL FUHGHYDQR FKH FL GRYHYD
HVVHUHVROWDQWRDFTXD
8QD WHUUD WUD O¶(XURSD H O¶$VLD" &RPH HUD SRVVLELOH" ,Q WDO
FDVRLOPRQGRHUDIRUPDWRGDTXDWWURSDUWLHQRQGDWUH"&KL
HUD TXHVWR 9HVSXFFL FKH SURIHULYD XQD EHVWHPPLD FRVu
DVVXUGD" ( VH IRVVH YHUR DOORUD OD WHUUD HUD PROWR SL
JUDQGH GL FLz FKH VL SHQVDYD" ( D FKH GLVWDQ]D HUDQR
UHDOPHQWHOH,QGLH"
'XH R WUH DQQL SL WDUGL XQ HGLWRUH DQRQLPR ILRUHQWLQR
SXEEOLFzXQ¶DOWUDYROWDODOHWWHUDµDOOXQJDQGROD¶GLSDJLQH
LQ WRWDOH H SURSRU]LRQDQGR GDWL VXO VXR DXWRUH VL WUDWWDYD
GHO ILRUHQWLQR $PHULJR 9HVSXFFL LO TXDOH VHFRQGR
O¶HGLWRUH DYHYD YLDJJLDWR EHQ TXDWWUR YROWH DWWUDYHUVDQGR
O¶2FHDQR'DODOHGDODOSHUFRQWRGHL
5H GL 6SDJQD GDO DO H GDO DO SHU
FRQWRGHO5HGHO3RUWRJDOOR
1HO O¶HGLWRUH YHQH]LDQR $OEHUWLQR 9HUFHOOHVH SXEEOLFz
WXWWH OH UHOD]LRQL GHL YLDJJL GD &D¶ GD 0RVWR D &RORPER
LQFOXGHQGR OD OHWWHUD GL 9HVSXFFL PD ±SHU XQR VWUDQR
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
HTXLYRFR ±OH LQWLWROz ³0RQGR 1XRYR H 3DHVL QXRYDPHQWH
ULWURYDWLGD$PHULJR9HVSXFFLILRUHQWLQR´
,OIDWWRFKHHUDQRSDHVLQXRYDPHQWHULWURYDWLGD9HVSXFFLVL
SUHVWz D LQWHUSUHWD]LRQL DPELJXH LQIDWWL VL SRWHYD SHQVDUH
FKHHUDVWDWROXLDVFRSULUOL
0D QRQ q WXWWR QHO GXFDWR GL /RUHQD LQ XQD FLWWDGLQD
QRPLQDWD6DLQW'LpHJRYHUQDWDGDXQFHUWRGXFD5HQDWR,,
O¶HGLWRUHXPDQLVWD*DXWKLHU/XGSXEEOLFDYDRSHUHVFLHQWLFKH
LO JLRYDQH FDQRQLFR WHGHVFR 0DWLQR :DOGVHHPXOOHU LQFLGHYD
OHPDSSHHLOSRHWD0DWWLD5LQJPDQQFRUUHJJHYDHUHQGHYD
DPHQL L WHVWL SL DULGL H SUROLVVL )XURQR ORUR FKH
SXEEOLFDURQRODOHWWHUDGL9HVSXFFLQHOPRGLILFDQGROD
SHU IDU FUHGHUH FKH LO ILRUHQWLQR O¶DYHYD LQYLDWD DO GXFD
5HQDWR ,, HVVHQGRDPLFR HG DPPLUDWRUH VXR DIIHUPDQGR
LQROWUH FKH O¶RULJLQDOH HUD VFULWWR LQ IUDQFHVH H WUDGRWWR LQ
ODWLQR GD XQ DOWUR FROODERUDWRUH GHOO¶HGLWRUH XQ FHUWR
*LRYDQQL %DVLQ 1H YHQQH IXRUL XQD OHWWHUD PDODPHQWH
WUDGRWWD H µPDQLSRODWD¶ LQ FXL WUD O¶DOWUR UHVWDURQR PLVVLYH
FKHLQWHUHVVDYDQRVRORDLGH¶0HGLFLHQRQD5HQDWR,,
6HQ]D FKH 9HVSXFFL QH VDSHVVH QXOOD LQFRPLQFLz D
FRQYHUWLUVL LQ XQ SHUVRQDJJLR IDPRVR XQR GHL SL IDPRVL
PHQWUH&RORPERJLDFHYDQHOO¶REOLR
:DOGVHHPOOHU QHOOD SXEEOLFD]LRQH VXJJHULYD FKH DYHQGR
$PHULJR 9HVSXFFL VFRSHUWR TXHOOH QXRYH WHUUH VL SRWHYD
EHQLVVLPR GDU DG HVVH LO QRPH GL µ$PHULJH¶ WHUUD
G¶$PHULJRHVWDPSzTXHVWRQRPHQHOODPDSSDDFFOXVDLQ
XQ WHUULWRULR FKH FRUULVSRQGH SL R PHQR DOO¶DWWXDOH
$PHULFDGHOVXG
4XLQGLFL DQQL GRSR WXWWD O¶$PHULFD GHO VXG IX FKLDPDWD
XIILFLDOPHQWH$PHULFD
1HO 0HUFDWRU VFULVVH TXHVWR QRPH QHOOD VXD PDSSD
GHOOH GXH SDUWL GHO QXRYR FRQWLQHQWH H FRVu YL UHVWz
GHILQLWLYDPHQWHTXDQGRVLUHVHURFRQWRFKHODSDUWHQRUGGL
TXHOOHWHUUHQRQDSSDUWHQHYDDOO¶$VLD
3LHWUR 0DUWLUH 2YLHGR HG DOWUL ULFRQREEHUR L PHULWL GL
9HVSXFFLVRODPHQWHIUD¶%DUWRORPpGHODV&DVDVV¶LQGLJQzH
V¶RSSRVH DIIHUPDQGR FKH LO PHULWR H LO QRPH VSHWWDYDQR D
&RORPER H QRQ D 9HVSXFFL LO TXDOH VHPEUDYD FKH VL IRVVH
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
DSSURSULDWR H DYHVVH VRWWUDWWR D &RORPER LO PHULWR FKH JOL
VSHWWDYD GL GLULWWR H VL PHUDYLJOLz FKH )HUQDQGR &RORPER
FRQWLQXDYD D FRQVLGHUDUH 9HVSXFFL DPLFR VXR 0D LQ UHDOWj
IX 9HVSXFFL R FROXL FKH SXEEOLFz OD OHWWHUD R FKL VXJJHUu LO
QRPHGL$PHULFDLOYHURFROSHYROH"1RQIXIDFLOHWURYDUHXQD
ULVSRVWD FRVLFFKp GXUDQWH YDUL VHFROL V¶DFFHVHUR H
FRQWLQXDURQR OH SROHPLFKH LQ SURHLQFRQWUR,OVHFROR;9,,
IXLOSLIHURFHQHPLFRGL9HVSXFFL
$QWRQLR GH +HUUHUD \ 7RUGHVLOODV QHO EDVDQGRVL VXOOD
GLFKLDUD]LRQL GL IUD¶ %DUWRORPp GH ODV &DVDV FKH DYHYD
VFRSHUWR FKH 9HVSXFFL QRQ DYHYD PDL IDWWR LO YLDJJLR
QHOPDQHOHTXLQGLHUDJLXQWRLQ9HQH]XHODGRSR
&RORPERFRQFOXVHFKH$PHULJRHUDXQLPSRVWRUHXQODGUR
XQ XVXUSDWRUH FKH DVWXWDPHQWH V¶LQYHQWz XQ YLDJJLR SHU
XVXUSDUHODJORULDGHOVXRDPLFRHSURSRVHGLSURLELUHRJQL
FDUWDJHRJUDILFDGRYHDSSDULYDLOQRPHG¶$PHULFD
9ROWDLUH DWWDFFz IHURFHPHQWH 9HVSXFFL 2JQL OLEUR GHO¶HSRFD
OR WDFFLDYD G¶LPSRVWRUH H G¶LQJUDWR 5DOSK :DOGR (PHUVRQ
QHO VHFROR ;,; VL ODPHQWDYD FKH $PHULFD DYHVVH SUHVR LO
QRPHGDXQODGURFKHEDWWH]]zODPHWjGHOPRQGRFRQLO
VXRQRPHGLVRQRUDWR
$ SRFR D SRFR OD FULWLFD VHULD VL DSUu LO SDVVR JO¶LWDOLDQL
IXURQR L SULPL D FRQVXOWDUH L GRFXPHQWL QHJOL DUFKLYL GL
6SDJQDHG¶,WDOLDJLXQJHQGRDGHOOHFRQFOXVLRQLFKHDYROWH
FRQIHUPDYDQRDOWUHYROWHODVFLDYDQRVHULGXEELVH9HVSXFFL
HUDRQRXQSODJLDULR
/¶LQHVSOLFDELOH LPEURJOLR SURYHQLYD GDO IDWWR FKH RJQL
SHUVRQD FRQWHPSRUDQHD GL 9HVSXFFL QHL VXRL VFULWWL OR
SUHVHQWDYD FRPH XQ XRPR RQHVWR PD TXDOVLDVL VFULWWR
SXEEOLFDWRDVXRQRPHORGHQXQFLDYDFRPHXQLPSRVWRUH
/RVWHVVR&RORPERLQXQDOHWWHUDGLUHWWDDVXRILJOLR'LHJR
JOL UDFFRPDQGDYD 9HVSXFFL GDWR FKH ³q XQ XRPR FKH
VHPSUH KD GHVLGHUDWR HVVHUPL DPLFR HG q XQ XRPR
GDEEHQH´
)LQDOPHQWHLOSURIHVVRU0DJQDJKLEDVDQGRVLQHLGXEELGLIUD¶
%DUWRORPpGHODV&DVDVVHO¶LPSRVWRUHHUDOXLRTXDOFKHDOWUR
FKH VL HUD DSSURILWWDWR GHO VXR QRPH JLXQVH DOOD VROX]LRQH
GHOO¶LPEURJOLR OH OHWWHUH GL 9HVSXFFL D /RUHQ]R GH¶ 0HGLFL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
HUDQR DXWHQWLFKH PHQWUH TXHOOH SXEEOLFDWH GDOO¶DQRQLPR
HGLWRUH ILRUHQWLQR HUDQR VWDWH PDQLSRODWH DOOXQJDWH HG
HPHQGDWH OR VWHVVR HUD VXFFHVVR FRQ TXHOOH SXEEOLFDWH D
6DLQW'Lp
&RVLFFKp ³0RQGR 1XRYR H 3DHVL 1XRYDPHQWH 7URYDWL´ HUD
XQD IDOVLILFD]LRQH GL XQ HGLWRUH VHQ]D VFUXSROL FKH SHU
TXHVWR QRQ SXEEOLFz LO VXR QRPH FKH DOOXQJz OD UHOD]LRQH
SHU JXDGDJQDUFL GL SL VHQ]D FKH 9HVSXFFL OR VDSHVVH R
SRWHVVH IDU TXDOFRVD SHU LPSHGLUJOLHUOR DQWLFDPHQWH VL
SODJLDYDQR RSHUH FRQ IUHTXHQ]D H OR IDFHYDQR TXDVL WXWWL
SHUILQRJOLVFULWWRULIDPRVL
1HO FL IX DQFKH XQ HGLWRUH RODQGHVH *LRYDFFKLQR GH
:DWW FKH V¶LQYHQWz XQ TXLQWR YLDJJLR GL 9HVSXFFL H DQFRUD
FLUFRODQROLEULFKHORFRQVLGHUDQRFRPHSUREDELOH
,O PHULWR GL 9HVSXFFL IX TXHOOR GL HVVHUVL UHVR FRQWR FKH OD
WHUUD HUD SL JUDQGH GL TXHOOR FKH VL FUHGHYD SUHFLVz FKH
DYHYD FKLORPHWUL GL FLUFRQIHUHQ]D LQWXu O¶HVLVWHQ]D
G¶XQ RFHDQR WUD LO 1XRYR 0RQGR H O¶$VLD H IX LO SULPR D
VFRSULUH FKH OH WHUUH DO VXG GHOOD 6SDJQROD IRUPDYDQR XQ
FRQWLQHQWHQXRYR
2JJL WXWWL JOL VWRULRJUDIL VRQR G¶DFFRUGR FKH 9HVSXFFL IX XQ
XRPR GHJQR GL DYHU GDWR LO VXR QRPH DO FRQWLQHQWH
DPHULFDQR H FKH LQROWUH $PHULFD q XQ VRVWDQWLYR
DUPRQLRVR
&HUWDPHQWH &RORPER HUD XQ XRPR GL EHQ GLYHUVD DOWXUD OD
VXDJHQLDOLWjIXXQLFDPD9HVSXFFLIXXQDSHUVRQDRQHVWDH
VHPSOLFHFRPHODPDJJLRUDQ]DGHJOLDELWDQWLG¶$PHULFDFKH
FUHDURQRQD]LRQLQXRYHHGHWWHURYLWDDSRSROLQXRYL
0DOJUDGR FLz 9HVSXFFL DVSHWWD DQFRUD XQ ULFRQRVFLPHQWR
XIILFLDOH TXDOFKH IHVWD LQ VXR RQRUH HG DQFKH TXDOFKH
PRQXPHQWR1HDYUHEEHWXWWRLOGLULWWR
6ROWDQWR LO &RPXQH GL )LUHQ]H QHO VHFROR ;9,,, RUGLQzGL
FROORFDUH XQD WDUJD FRPPHPRUDWLYD QHO SDOD]]R 9HVSXFFL
FRQTXHVWHSDUROH
³8QQRELOHILRUHQWLQRFKHDFDXVDGHOODVFRSHUWDGHOO¶$PHULFD
UHVHIDPRVRLOVXRQRPHHTXHOORGHOODVXDFLWWj´
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
,Q RJQL PRGR &RORPER QRQ SHUVH QXOOD GHL VXRL PHULWL
VHEEHQHQRQDEELDGDWRLOVXRQRPHDOFRQWLQHQWHVFRSHUWR
OD VWRULD JOL ULFRQRVFH OD VXD GHWHUPLQD]LRQH GL FHUFDUH H
WURYDUHFKH±VHFRQGR%XUFNKDUGW±VRQROHYHUHGRWLGHLYHUL
VFRSULWRUL ( GRSR DYHU WURYDWR TXDOFRVD LPSRUWD SRFR VH
QRQ HUD FLz FKH HUD VLFXUR GLWURYDUHFRPXQLFzODQRWL]LDH
UHVH SRVVLELOL OH HVSORUD]LRQL VXFFHVVLYH H OH FRQTXLVWH H
O¶XQLRQHFRPSOHWDGHOPRQGR
0LFKHOH GD &XQHR DYHYD JLj GHWWR ³'D FKH *HQRYD q
*HQRYD QRQ HUD QDWR XQ XRPR FRVu PDJQDQLPR HG HVSHUWR
QHOO¶DUWHGHOODQDYLJD]LRQHFRPHLOGHWWRVLJQRU$PPLUDJOLR´
/R VSDJQROR %DOOHVWHURV VFULYH FKH IX XQR GHL SL JUDQGL
PDULQDLGLWXWWLLWHPSL0HQWUH(OLRW0RULVRQHQRQVROROXL
ORGHILQuLOSLJUDQGHPDULQDLRGLWXWWDODVWRULD
2VVHUYDWRUH SUHFLVR GL RJQL IHQRPHQR QDWXUDOH JLXQJHYD
VSHVVR D IRUPXODUH FRQFOXVLRQL HVDWWH H OH VDSHYD
DSSURILWWDUH LQ SUDWLFD 3RVVHGHYD XQD LQWXL]LRQH
VWUDRUGLQDULD FKH JOL SHUPLVH WUD WDQWH DOWUH FRVH GL
VFRSULUH H LQWHUSUHWDUH XQD GHWHUPLQDWD LUUHJRODULWj GHOOD
EXVVRODGLWURYDUHOHFRUUHQWLFRQWUDULHTXHOOHGHO*ROIRHG
DSSURILWWDUH GHL YHQWL DOLVHL H GHWHWWDUH L SULPL VLQWRPL G¶XQ
XUDJDQR FKH V¶DYYLFLQDYD 6HPSUH VDSHYD GRYH VL WURYDYD
LQ TXDOVLDVL SXQWR GHOO¶2FHDQR H FRPH GLULJHUVL FRQ
VLFXUH]]DGRYHYROHYD,QYHQWzWHUPLQLPDULWWLPLFRVuSUHFLVL
FKH DQFRUD V¶XVDQR H WUDFFLz URWWH FKH UDSSUHVHQWDQR
DQFRUD O¶XQLFR FDPPLQR SHU FKL YXROH DWWUDYHUVDUH O¶2FHDQR
FRQQDYLDYHOD
)X XQ XRPR QDWR SHU QDYLJDUH SHU GRPLQDUH LO PDUH LO
TXDOHDOORVWHVVRWHPSRHUDSDUWHGLVHVWHVVR
127(
/RUHQ]RHVXRIUDWHOOR*LRYDQQLFRPSUDURQRYDULHRSHUH
GL %RWWLFHOOL WUD OH TXDOL µ/D 3ULPDYHUD¶ H µ/D 1DVFLWD GL
9HQHUH¶ 6HPEUD FKH %RWWLFHOOL HVHJXu VX LQFDULFR GL
/RUHQ]R L GLVHJQL SHU µ/D 'LYLQD &RPPHGLD¶ H
0LFKHODQJHOR VFROSu SHU OXL XQ SLFFROR VDQ*LRYDQQLFKH
qXQDGHOOHVXHRSHUHJLRYDQLOL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
6HEEHQH 6HQHFD DYHYD SUHGHWWR QHOOD VXD ³0HGHD´
³9HUUDQQR DQQL QHO WUDVFRUVR GHL VHFROL FKH
TXHOO¶2FHDQR DSUHQGR OH VXH EDUULHUH XQD WHUUD
LPPHQVD PRVWUHUj H 7HWLV VFRSULUj XQ PRQGR QXRYR
Qp7XODVDUjSLO¶XOWLPDWHUUD´
$PHULFR 9HVSXFFL QDFTXH D )LUHQ]H LO PDU]R
PRUuD6LYLJOLDLOIHEEUDLR(UDILJOLRGL$QDVWDVLR
H GL ,VDEHOOD 0LQL GL IDPLJOLD QRELOH )X FRVPRJUDIR HG
HVSORUDWRUH DO VHUYL]LR GHO 3RUWRJDOOR H GHOOD 6SDJQD
SHUz SULPD HUD VWDWR LPSLHJDWR GL *LDQQRWWR %HUDUGL LO
TXDOH GLULJHYD D 6LYLJOLD OD VXFFXUVDOH GHL EDQFKLHUL
LWDOLDQL GH¶ 0HGLFL 0RUWR %HUDUGL QHO GLUHVVH OD
VXFFXUVDOH H DOOHVWu OH QDYL SHU LO VHFRQGR YLDJJLR GL
&RORPERGHOTXDOHIXVHPSUHDPLFR
1HO FRPH SLORWD G¶$OIRQVR GH 2MHGD JLXQVH LQ
9HQH]XHODHLQ&RORPELD)RUVHIXOXLFKHFKLDPzTXHOOD
SULPD WHUUD µ9HQH]XROD¶ R SLFFROD 9HQH]LD GDWR FKH JOL
LQGLJHQLGL0DUDFDLERFRVWUXLYDQROHORURFDVHQHOO¶DFTXD
,Q DOWULGXHYLDJJLDUULYzLQ%UDVLOHFRVWHJJLDQGREXRQD
SDUWH GHO 6XGDPHULFD H IRQGDQGR OD SULPD IDWWRULD
SRUWRJKHVH 6L QDWXUDOL]]z VSDJQROR QHO VSRVz
0DUtD&HUH]RQHOORVWHVVRDQQRLOUH)HUQDQGRORQRPLQz
SLORWDPDJJLRUH
6WUDQDPHQWH H FXULRVDPHQWH DQQL SL WDUGL OR VWHVVR
:DOGVHHPOOHUVHPEUDFKHVL
RSSRVH PD LQXWLOPHQWH FKH LO QXRYR FRQWLQHQWH VL
FRQWLQXDVVHDFKLDPDUH$PHULFD
&KDXQX OR FKLDPD µLO FLDUODWDQR ILRUHQWLQR¶ H OD
SXEEOLFD]LRQHLQJOHVH³6FRSULWRULH
&RQTXLVWDWRUL´HOHQFDOHVXHµPHQ]RJQH¶
'DOO¶$ODVFD DOOD 7HUUD GHO )XRFR QRQ HVLVWH XQ VROR
PRQXPHQWRFKHORULFRUGL
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP
*LDQFDUOR91DFKHU0DOYDLROL±&5,672)252&2/20%2
KWWSZZZHYROXWLRQERRNFRP