tutorial 4
ITSU 1001
Introduction to Computer Systems and
Networking
Tutorial 4 for Lesson 4
Please attempt the questions below and submit in Moodle
TUTORIAL 4
Student ID : 47259
Name : Rakesh yadav
ITSU1001 Tutorial 4
Instructions for students
These practice questions are designed based on the lectures completed to the date. Completion of each
tutorial accounts for 3% of the final score
Answer all the questions.
1. What are the main components of a CPU?
The main components of Central processing unit(CPU) are :
a) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit )
.
b) CU (Control Unit )
c) MU (Memory unit )
2. What are registers? For what purpose they are used?
Registers are a type of computer memory used to quickly accept, store and transfer data which
are being used in CPU . They are used for general purpose and some specific purpose like
memory addressing .
3.What is the difference between general purpose and special purpose registers?
General Purpose Register Special purpose Register
a) It is used for different programs for b) It is used for special functions only.
different functions.
b)It can store both data and addresses. b) It can store a data or a memory location
address.
4.Explain the use of the following special purpose registers
a) Program Counter (PC)
Program counter controls the sequence of the instruction in the order in which it is executed and
its value is incremented when read.
b) Instruction Register (IR)
Instruction register holds a machine instruction that is currently being executed . A variety of
register serve of registers serve different functions in central processing unit (CPU) – the
functions of instruction register is to hold that currently queued instruction for use.
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ITSU1001 Tutorial 4
c) Memory Address Register (MAR
i.
It holds the memory )
address of instruction that is going to be used . The address are copied from
the PC if instruction and from the CIR (i.e. part of CPU that holds the instruction currently being
decoded) If data.
d) Memory Data Register (MDR)
Memory data register is like a buffer, holding anything copied from memory for use. It can hold
data or instruction it can also hold data that is copied into an address.
5. ‘Shifting’ and ‘Rotating’ are common register operations
i. Write the result after following register shifted left by 1 bit
Before Shift After shift
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
i. Write the result after following register rotated left by 1 bit
Before Rotation After Rotation
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
6. A memory address register (MAR) consists of 8 bits. What is maximum size of memory which can support
this MAR?
ANSWER : The maximum size of memory which can support above MAR is: 2 n=28=256 bits
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7. What should be the size of MAR to address 4GB memory?
As we know,
n bits addresses 2n values .
and 4GB memory that is 232 bytes
so, 2n = 232
n =32
so, the size of MAR should be 32 bits.
8. Compare the advantages and disadvantages between SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (DRAM) and in which
applications you use them
SRAM (Static RAM) DRAM
It cannot store many bits per clip It can store many bits per clip
SARM is costlier than DRAM DARM costs less compared to SARM
Faster than DRAM Slower then SARM
Uses more power Uses less power
Generates more heat Generates less heat
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9. The steps that the Little Man performs are closely related to the way in which the CPU actually executes
instructions. Draw a flow chart that carefully describes the steps that the Little Man follows to execute a branch
instruction.
START
PC MAR
MAR CIR
CIR(add) MAR
A MDR
PC+1 PC
Next instruction
10. Most of the registers in the machine have two-way copy capability; that is, you can copy to them from
another register, and you can copy from them to another register. The MAR, on the other hand, is always used
as a destination register; you only copy to the MAR. Explain clearly why this is so.
As we know, MAR ( memory address register) – holds the address of instant instruction that is
to be fetched from memory , or the address in memory to which data is to be transferred.
MAR is connected to the address bus and MAR is the only way for the CPU to connect with
the address bus. Thus this 3-stage logic between MAR and the address bus prevent MAR from
regularly getting rid of its output to the address bus. So, MAR is always used as a destination
register ; you can only copy to the MAR.
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