11.4 Anavsts oF Frawes: No Sioesway 469 11.4 Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway A frame will not sidesway, or be displaced to the left or right, provided it is properly restrained. Examples are shown in Fig. 11-14. Also, no sidesway will occur in an unrestrained frame provided it is symmetric with respect to both loading and geometry, as shown in Fig. 11-15. For both cases the term yin the slope-deflection equations is equal to zero, since bending does not cause the joints to have a linear displacement, ‘The following examples illustrate application of the slope-dleflection equations using the procedure for analysis outlined in See. 11-3 for these types of frames. Fig. 1-14470 CHAPTER 11 DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS: SLOPE-DeFLECTION EQUATIONS ae Wax Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig, 11-16a. Elis constant. = SOLUTION Slope-Deflection Equations. Three spans must be considered in this problem: AB, BC, and CD, Since the spans are fixed supported at A and D, Eq. 11-8 applies for the solution. Dm From the table on the inside back cover, the FEMS for BC are Swh? __ S(2ay(sye 96 36 swL?_$(24)(8)* 6 96 -80 kN-m_ (FEM) ac (FEM) ca = = 80KN-m Note that #4 = 6 = Oand vag = Yac = Uep = 0, since no sidesway walleccur © “Appling 9. 1-8, we have Fig 1-16 My = 2EK(26y + 0p — 3¥) + (FEM) Maa =26(L)() = es — 40] +0 Mag = 0.1667 E10g qa) su 24(L)on-<0—s01 +0 Mga = 0333E195 @) Mpc= 26(4)[2%5 = ¢ ~ (0)] = 80 Mac = OSEI0g + 025EI0 ~ 80 ° ver =26(! Jose +001 +90 Men = 0SEI0¢ + 0.25E10y ~ 80 ” Men = 28( 42% +0~30)) +0 Men = 0333810 © Mpc = 2e(Z)e@ + 0-30] +0 Mpe = 0.1667EI0¢ ©11.4 Anavsts oF Frawes: No Sioesway an Equilibrium Equations. The preceding six equations contain eight unknowns. The remaining two equilibrium equations come from © moment equilibrium at joints B and C, Fig. 11-166, We have Maa * Mpc = 0 ao Men Mer + Mei @) 0 To solve these eight equations, substitute Fgs. (2) and (3) into Eg. (7) and substitute Eqs. (4) and (5) into Eq, (8). We get 0.833E10y + 0.25EI6e = 80 0833E10¢ + 0.2SEI0y = ~80 Solving simultaneously yields 137 O53 = 8 = which conforms with the way the frame deflects as shown in Fig, 11-16a, Substituting into Egs, (1)-(6), we get Map = 22.9 kN- ma, Ans. Mpa = 45.7 kN-m. Ans. Mac = ~45.7 Nem Ans. Meg = 45.7kN-1m. Ans. Men = ~45.7kN-m Ans. Mpc = -22.9kN-m Ans. Using these results, the reactions at the ends of cach member can be determined from the equations of equilibrium, and the moment diagram for the frame can be drawn, Fig. 11-16c. S23kNm aspknem! /876N™\ Ves ginem zeounemLI L A209 5-2 ©472 CHAPTER 11 DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS: SLOPE-DeFLECTION EQUATIONS Tae Determine the internal moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig. 11-17. The moment of inertia for each member is given in the figure, Take E = 29(10°) ksi Fig. 117 SOLUTION Slope-Deflection Equations. Four spans must be considered in this, problem, Equation 11-8 applies to spans AB and BC, and Eq, 11-10 will be applied to CD and CE, because the ends at D and E are pinned. ‘Computing the member stiffnesses, we have 400 200 ka 0.001286 0 key = “2, = 0.000683 &° “~ 5c2)" » = TsaayF ke = 2, = 0002411 8 keg = 2, = ooorsi2 16(12) 12(12) ‘The FEMs due to the loadings are (FEM) ge = _ PL _ 6(16) (FEM)eg = t= whe 32) (FEM)og = 8 = EP ost te Applying Eqs. 11-8 and 11-10 to the frame and noting that 6 Was = Wac = bcp = bce = O since no sidesway occurs, we have My = 2EK(2by + #p — 34) + (FEM)y Mas = 2[29(10°)(12)?](0.001286)[2(0) + @s — 3(0)] + 0 Mag = 10740.76y «11.4 Anavsts oF Frawes: No Sioesway 473 Maa = 2{29(10°)(12)"](0.001286)[245 + 0 - 3(0)] +0 Mga = 21481505 @ Mac = 2[29(10")(12)7I(0.002411)[20g + Ge — 3(0)] — 12 Mac = 40277805 + 20 138.90¢ ~ 12 @) Mex = 2[29(10°)(12)"1(0.002411)[20¢ + Op ~ 3{0)] + 12 Meg = 2013890, + 40.277.80¢ + 12 « My = 3Ek(6y — ¥) + (FEM) Men = 3{29(10")(12)"](0.000683)[%¢ ~ 0] +0 6) Mcp = 8055.60 Mex = 3{29(10")(12)71(0.002612)[9¢ ~ 0] — $4 Meg = 32725.10¢ — 54 © Mac Mes Equations of Equilibrium. ‘These six equations contain eight —&, “oR unknowns. Iwo moment equilibrium equations can be written for wave joints B and C, Fig, 1-17b. We have Mas Meo Mpa + Mac = 0 Mm Men + Mep + Meg = 0 8) In order to solve, substitute Eqs. (2) and (3) into Eg. (7), and Eqs. (4)-(6) » into Eg, (8). This gives 61 759.38 + 20138986 = 12 20 138.98p + 81,059.08 = 42 Solving these equations simultaneously yields Oy = 2.758(10°) rade = $.113(10") rad ‘These values, being clockwise, tend to distort the frame as shown in Fig, 11-174, Substituting these values into Eqs. (1)-(6) and solving we get Mag = 0.2961 Ans, Moa = 0592 K-ft Ans, Mac = ~0.592 kit Ans. Meg = S81 k-1t Ans | Mep = 412 k-ft Ans. S73 ket Ans.474 CHAPTER 11 DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS: SLOPE-DeFLECTION EQUATIONS 11.5 Analysis of Frames: Sidesway A frame will sidesway, or be displaced to the side, when it or the loading acting on it is nonsymmetric. To illustrate this effect, consider the frame shown in Fig. 11-18, Here the loading P causes unequal moments Myc and Mcp at the joints B and C, respectively. Mgc tends to displace joint B to the right, whereas Mg tends to displace joint C to the left. Since Mic is larger than Mcp, the net result isa sidesway A of both joints B and C10 the right, as shown in the figure* When applying the slope-dleflection equation to each column of this frame, we must therefore consider the column rotation y (since y = A/L) as unknown in the equation. As a result an extra equilibrium equation must be included for the solution. In the previous sections it was shown that unknown angular displacements 6 were related by joint moment equilibrium equations. In 2 similar manner, ‘when unknown joint linear displacements A (or span rotations ¥) occur, ‘we must write force equilibrium equations in order to obtain the complete solution. The unknowns in these equations, however, must only involve the internal moments acting at the ends of the columns, since the slope- deflection equations involve these moments. The technique for solving, problems for frames with sidesway is best illustrated by examples. Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig, 11-194, ETis constant SOLUTION Slope-Deflection Equations. Since the ends A and D are fixed, Eq.11-8 applies for all three spans of the frame. Sidesway occurs here since both the applied loading and the geometry of the frame are non- symmetric. Here the load is applied directly to joint B and therefore no FEMs act at the joints. As shown in Fig. 11-194, both joints B and. € are assumed to be displaced an equal amount A. Consequently, Yas = A/12and ype = A/18. Both terms are positive since the cords of members AB and CD “rotate” clockwise. Relating ¥.,g to Upc, We have Van = (18/12)¥;pc. Applying Eq. 11-8 to the frame, we have c) Fig itis Mas = 2D) +05 (Bec) +0 = E1(0.1667%5 ~ 0.75¥oc) (1) i styg=24(E)]on v0 2o( Eon re = so) 0 (Booe)] #0" Brie 07860) Mac EI(0.2674g + 0.1336) @ ‘Recall that the deformation of all three members du to shear and anil force is neglected11.5 ANAWsIs oF FRAMES: SIKESWAY 475 GB Men = 28( fave + 9» ~50)] + 0= E1028 + 013%) — 1 Men = 28( Ev +0 = Me] + 0 = E1(0.222%¢ = 0.333¥ne) (5) 1 Moe = #( ew 4 Oe — Bae] +0 = ENOL — 033%pe) (6) sa Equations of Equilibrium. The six equations contain nine unknowns. be written, namely, 7 ‘Toro moment equilibrium equations for joints B and C. Fig, 11-196, can Tr, o Maa + Myc = 0 Mcp + Mcv = 9 ® Since a horizontal displacement A occurs, we will consider summing forces on the entire frame in the x direction. This yields ALE, = 0; 40-Va-Vp=0 ‘The horizontal reactions or column shears V4 and Vp can be related to the internal moments by considering the free-body diagram of each column separately, Fig. 11-19e. We have _ Man + Ma =M, Va _p _ Mpc Mep Me Vo= 8 Moc + Men 18 In order to solve, substitute Eqs. (2) and (3) into Eq, (7), Eqs. (4) and (5) into Eq, (8), and Eqs. (1), (2), (5), (6) into Eq, (9). This yields 0.68y + 0.1338¢ ~ O.754pe = 0 0.13305 + 0.48906 — 0.3334p¢ = 0 9) _ _480 0.50p + 02228¢ ~ 1.94 pe = — FF Solving simultaneously, we have El = 43881 Ellde = 13618 Elpe = 375.26 Finally, using these results and solving Eqs. (1)-(6) yields, Mag = ~208 k-ft Ans. Mag = ~135 k-ft Ans Myc = 135k ft Ans. Mcp = 948k° ft Ans. Mep = ~948k-ft Ans. =110 ft Ans Moe Max nal Ve Mae © Men asa Vo Moe °