USN SGHEME

8ail
8am 15EE81
Eighth Semester B.E.
Degree Examination
Power System Operatien andDec.2019/Jan.2020
Control
Time: 3 hrs.
9:0 Max. Marks: 80
Note: Answer any FIVE
full questions, coasing ONE full questiondroi each module.
a.
b.
With a neat
diagram describe thetinajor
Explain the spinning reserve and
dule-1
components of SCAD system. (08 Marks)
C. Discuss on different thermal constraints in ut
qommitment. (04 Marks)
degradation of system. emergenoy control action
initiated in a power system to prevent
(04 Marks)

2 a. With a flow OR
b. What are the
chartekplain the priority list method of unit commitment.
diferent states in which posystem operates? Explain. (08 Marks)
TU- (08 Marks)

3 a. Medule-2
Deduo anexpression for gradieneçtor in
b.
interva hydrothermalscheduling based on discrete time
Two generators rated 200 MW and 400 (08 Marks)
characteristics of their goyemór MW operating in parallel.
droop The
are 4% and
speed set 5% Sectively from oload to full load. The
points are suçh that the generators onte at 50Hz
600 MW in when saring the full load of
proportionheir ratings:
) If load reduces to 400 MW, who
operate.
thload shared, at wWhat frequency will system
(i) If speed changer are reset so th of 400 MWKsháred at 50 Hz in proportion to
their rating what is the no loadeguency now? (08 Marks)

OR
4 a. Deduce an expression fhy dro power generafion and thermal power generation in
lambda-gammatechnigueehydro thermalscheduling. (09 Marks)
b. machines operate t parallel to _upp a load of 400 MW. The capacities of the
machines are 200 Mand 500 MW. Eaeh has a droop characteristic of 4%. Their governors
are adjusted so that freéquency is 100%pn full load. Calculate the load supplied by each unit
and the frequency a this load. Thgstem is a 50 Hz system. (07 Marks)

Module-3
Tie line T12. Derive expression for
Aj and Az ainterconnected by
a an
a. Two areas
the load in Area 1 changes. (08 Marks)
frequency change and Tie ipé power flow when
The capacity of area l is 1500 MW and area 2 is
b. Two areas 1 and 2 are terconnected.
and damping torque coefficient for each area on its
500 MW. The increnental regulation and change in
own base are 0.2 and 0.9 pu
respectively. Find the steady state frequency is
for of 60 MW in area 1. Nominal frequency
an increase
steady-state the line power, (08 Marks)
50 Hz.
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 15EE81
OR
6 a. to ALFC, the steady state
TOVe that by adding a feedback of proportional integraldontroller
frequency deviation is zero. (08 Marks)
b. A control area has following data, total generaión capacity 2000 MW, normal

load 1500 MW, H 4.8s, D =1.2%, f= 50

=
H 2.5 Hz/pu MW.
(i) Determine primary ALFC parameter
i) For increase of 0.02 pu unload, find freqnency drop without governor control
(ii) With governor control. (08 Marks)

7
Modüle-4
a.
Highlight the event of tie line escilation in inter connected power system by deriving
necessary equation. (08 Marks)
b.
At a 30. 11 kV bus, a
load deetig +j1)
(2 MVA is cortaested.
The 11 kV bus
from a radial line. Total systerhreactance is 0.5 2/phase, Calculate the:
i
(i) Receiving end curgen
(i) Regulation
(i) Sending endyolagé
(iv) Short circuit capacity of the system
Assume systeibe loss less. C B (08 Marks)

OR

8 a. Prove yoltage at receiving enddependent on reactive power in power system.

b. Two control area of capacity 1500MW and 10000 (08 Marks)
The parameters of each agea on its own
MWare interconnected through the line.
D 0.02 pu MW/Hz.
Capacity are R l Hz/pu MW and
Theris an increase of 200MW in load of aa2. Determine steady
state frequency deviatim and change in the lins fower. (08 Marks)

9 With an
Modal
a.
examplelain how securit Constrained optiopal power flow is implemented.
(05 Marks)
b. Explain system adequacy and systemecurity in reliability analysis of
power system.
(04 Marks)
C.
Discu_smajor issues of state timation. (07Marks)
OR
10 [Link] a flow chart explainontingency analysu for generator outage. (08 Marks)
bgBtain an expressin for state estimatopro blem by weighted least square technique in
17-1
State estimation.f D
(08 Marks)
C B

C B

CB

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 GEGS SGHENIE 15EE81

USN
November 20Z0
Degree Examination,
g h t h Semester B.E.
Control
Power System Operation and
Max. Marks: 80
Time: 3 hrs.

Note: Answer any FlVE full questions irrespective of modules.

Module-1 (06 Marks)
1a. What are the objectives of power system control? Explain.
. With a neat low-chart. explain forward dynamic programming method of solving unt

commitment problem (10 Marks)

. With a neat diagram explain the general configurátion and major components of SCAD
system. (08 Marks)
b Explain the key concepts for reliable operation of power system. (08 Marks)

Module-2
. Explain the general algorithm for hydro-thermal scheduling. (08 Marks)
b. Two generators rated 20OMW and 400MW are operating in parallel. The droop
characteristics of their governors are 4% and 5% respectively from no-load to full-load. The
load of
speed set point are such that the generators operate at 50Hz when sharing the full
600MW in proportion to their ratings, i) If the load reduced to 400MW, how is it sharcd?
Al what frequency will system operale? 1i) If now the speed changers are reset so that the
load of 400M W is shared at 50Hz in proportion to their rating,, what are the no-load
frequency now? (08 Marks)

12h and 300MW for 12h in

plant and a hydro plant supply a load of 500MW for
a
4 a. A steam

day. The thermal plant characteristics are givcn by

F(Par)=0.06 Pr + 40PGr +100 unit cos/h
The hydro plant characterist ic is given by

Q 0.003Pa +0.5Pa m'/s

The loss is given by POss=0.001 P
and the total discharge. Also determine
The value of y is 80. Find the scheduling, of power Obtain
thermal plant and the water used daily by the hydro plant.
the daily operating cost of (10 Marks)
the schedule: i) Neglecting
losses ii) Considering losses.
(06 Marks)
b. Explain different modes of governor operation.
Module-33
(08 Marks)
an iso lated AGC system.
Derive the state space model of
5 a.
on full load at the rated frequency of 50Hz. The load is
b. A 1000MVA generator operates time lag of 0.65. If H Ssec,
=

steam valve has an operating

reduccd o 800MW. The (08 Marks)
determine the change in the requency.

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6 a. Derive an
expression for tic-line and frequency deviation lor two arca
power svstem
em
b. A system consists of four identical 10OMVA generators fecding a total load of 250M
inertia constant H= 5 for cach machine on its own base. The load varies by 1.2%
o The
change in frequency. If there is a drop of 10MW of load, determine the speed
plot it. deviati devia(6tionMarkyan
Module-4
a.
Explain state space model for two arca systcm (8 Marks
. Three generating stations are connected to a
common bus bar X, as show in
a
l1g.Q.7(b).
particular system load, the line voltage at the bus bar falls by 2kV. Calculate the Yor
rcactie
power injection requircd 2kV. All pu valucs are on 500MVA basc to bring back the
to the
vota
original value. (08 Marks)

j0-I P

N 50n
132 kv
275kv
3j50n
sw jolf

275kv

Fig.Q.7(b)

8 a. Explain briefly the various elements of-power system that can gencrate or absorb reactive
power. (08 Marks)
b. Two areas I and 2 are interconnected. The capacity of'area 1 is 1500MW and area 2 is
S0OMW. The incremental regulation and damping torque coctlicient for cach arca on its
own base are 0.2pu and 0.9pu respectively. Find the steady state frcquency and change in
steady-state tic-line power, for an increase of 60MW in area l. The nominal frequency is
50Hz. (08 Mark)

Module-5
9 a. Explain briefly various security levels of Energy Management System (EMS). (08 Marks)
b. Explain the formulation and state estimate using linear least square estimation. Also explain
the condition for observability in least square estimat ion. (08 Marks)

a. Explain major functions involved in system security. (08 Marks)

10
b. With a neat flow chart, explain contingency analysis for the line outage, using line outage
distribution factor. (08 Marks)

*
 44pm
8SGHEME 44pm 15EE81
USN

Eighth Semester 1B.E. De?ree Examigtion, Aug./Sept.2020

Power System Operatioh and Controol
a x . Marks: 80
Time: 3 hrs.

Note: ) For Regular Stulsns: Inswer an FIVEfull questlons irrespectye of modules.

question
For Arrear S:i S Answer any FIVE full questions, chorsing ONE Jull
from cach mndule.

Module-1
a. Briefly deserihc the major compone Is ofa SCADA System. (08 Marks)
b. What are theious transducers used in power systemSCADA? (04 Marks)
c. Discuss the vr us options available lor communidatiòn in SCADA. (04 Marks)

2 Draw the flow1 for the priority list meth@ofunitcommitment and explain. (08 Marks)
b. Draw and exp he Nowchart fortie forward dynamic programmingalgorithm.(08 Marks)

Module-2
3 a. Explainalgorithm for hydro thermal schcduling using DissTime Interval method.
(10 Mai
b. Draw flow chart fr 8-7. interactions. ALP
p (06 Marks)

4 a. What arc the fnctions of AC? (04 Marks)

b. Draw the bloek agrann of steam turbine goveriipg system and explaií the functions ofthe
various comoe iS. (08 Marks)
C. What arc thestimodcs of governoi operationrand explain. (04 Marks)

Module-3
5 a.
Derive the tra f
function for the complete ALFC black. (08 Marks)
d 1000 MWa 00 MW are operating on parallel with a droop of 5%
b. Two generato
in I PU, 50 HZaf no-load. How is a load of 800 MW
and 4% respe . The firequene
(08 Marks)
shared betwee nem? Atwhat frequncy?
area systemykh primary control loop. (08 Marks)
6 [Link] the bloci digrm ofa two
[Link] data ofa 1 irca system
v)are s lollows,
Arca 1:G MW, RI=0.015, 11F0
0) MW, R: 0.015, D2=0
Arca 2: Pi2 MW 1akes plc n arcal. Determine the change in frequency, ACE and
An increae ol
1 (08 Marks)
the approri Olaclon,
gdule-4 the
IW and 10000 MW are interconnected through
N 7 a. Two control aasof capacity 150 1 Hz/PUMW and
I o n its own capacity are R
=

tie-linc. The pmeters of cach

MW. In load
ase of 200
2. Determine the
of area
D 0.02 PUN I, There is a (08 Marks)
1y deviation
an cli:nge in tie-line power.
steady state freu \\ hail determines the frequency of these oscillations?
the ti e oseillations?
b. What are (08 Marks)

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 15EE81
8 a. Explain generation and absorption of reactive power in electrical power system. (06 Marks)
b. 3 - generating stations are connected to a comnon bus-bar X, as shown on FigQ8(6) for a

-225-5-088--2002020
particular system load, the line voltage at the bus bar falls by 2 KV. Calculate the reactive
power injection required to bring back the oltage Lo the original valuc. All PU values are on
a 500 MVA base.
Jpu
38 m
1
132kv

ol Pu

Fig.Q8(b) (10 Marks)

9
Module-5
a. Explain the acors affecting power system sccurity. (06 Marks)
b. With theelp of flow chart, explain he
contingency analysis. (10 Marks)
10 a. Explain alculation of linear senstiyity factor and contingeny ranking.
b. What are state variables? (08 Marks)
(02 Marks)
c. Describe the D.C. State estmator.
Ci (06 Marks)

5-08-2020
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CB
25-08-2020
0
-
CB
C B

CB
C B

CP
CB
-
B
Modified
GBCS SCHEME
15EE81
USN

2019
Eighth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June/July
Power System Operation and Control

Max. Marks: 80
Time: 3 hrs.
each module.
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from

Module-1 the transition

1 a. Explain the operating states of power system, with a neat diagram sbowing
(08 Marks)
between the states.
of priority list method of unit commitment. (08 Marks)
b. Explain the algorithm
OR
2 a. With a neat diagram explain the general configuration and major components of SCADA
Marks)
system.
the various constraints to be considered in unit commit ment. (08 Marks)
b. Explain
Module-2
3 a. With mathematical model and constraint, explain r-à iterative algorithm for short term
(10 Marks)
hydrothermal scheduling.
b. Two synchronous generators operate in parallel to supply a load of 400 MW. The capacities
of the machines are 200 MW and S00 Mw. Each has a droop characteristics of 4h. Their
is 100% on full load. Calculate the load
governors are adjusted so that the frequency
supplied by each unit and frequency at this oad. The system is 50 Hz system. (06 Marks)

OR
a. A two plant system with a hydral plant and a thermal plant has the following characteristics.
The fuel cost characteristic of thermal plant is F = 20Pa +0.04P Rs /hr. The water
discharge characteristics of hydral plant is Q= 7.5Pat +0.004P m 'scc. The constant
which converts incremental water discharge to incremental plant cost y is 4.1 x 10° Rs/m
and A = 70 Rs/MWhr, BGH = 0.0025 MW'. Detemine the generation of each plant, the load
on the system and losses. (08 Marks)
b. Explain the following terms used in AGC:
i) Control area ii) Tie line
ii) Net interchange iv) Stat ion control error (08 Marks)

5 a.
Module-3
Derive the generator model, load model and combined generator load model of ALFC
system (07 Marks)
N b. Two control areas are connected via a tie line with the folkowing characteristics:
Area 1: Ri = 1%, Di =0.8, base MVA: 500
Area 2: R1 =2%, D = 1.0, base MVA: S00
A load change of 100 MW ocurs in Area 1. Find the new steady state frequency, change in
the line flow and change in generation of each area if the nominal frequency is 50 Hz.
(09 Marks)

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 15EES1
OR
6 a. A single area consists of two generators with following data:
GI: 200 MW Ri =4% (on machine base)
G2:400 MW Ri= 5% (on machine base)
They are connected in parallel and share a load of 600 MW in proportion to their ratings, at
50 Hz. If 200 MW of load is tripped, what is the generation by each unit? What is the
frequency at new load is D=1.5 pu (on a base of 200 MW). Choose a base of 200 Mw.
AIso find the increase in load due to frequency. (08 Marks)
b. Derive the state model of an isolated AGC system (08 Marks)

Module-4
17 a. Explain the different methods of voltage control by reactive power injection. (08 Marks)
b. Three generating stations are connected to a common bus bar and as shown in Fig.Q7(b).
For a particular system oad the line voltage at bus x falls by 5 KV. Calculate the reactive
power injection required to bring back the voltage to the original value. All pu values are on
a base of 500 MVA.

Aj0P 190
m
X
B j0P
Fig.Q7(b) (08 Marks)

OR
8 a Explain voltage cotrol using: tap changing transformers, Booster transformers and phase
shifting transformers. (08 Marks)
b. A 415 V, 50 Hz 30 system delivers 500 KW at 0.8 p.f. lag. Shunt capacitors are installed to
improve the p.f. to 0.92. Determine the value of capacitors needed if the capacitor bank is
star connected. (08 Marks)

Module.5
9 a With a neat fow char, cxplain contingency analysis for generat ion outage using generation
shift sensitivity factors. (08 Marks)
b. Explain the formulation and state estimate using lincar least square estimation. Also explain
the condition for observability in least square estimates. (06 Marks)

OR
10 a. With neat flow chart, explain contingency analysis for line outage. using line outage
distribut ion factors. (08 Marks)
b. Explain IPIQ method for contingency Ranking. Also explain contingency processing using
AC load flow analysis with a flow chart. (08 Marks))

*****

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