INTRODUCTION OF

ACOUSTIC

Acoustics is a branch of physics that study

the sound, acoustics concerned with the
production, control, transmission,
reception, and effects of sound.
Some of the important applications in the
field of engineering are electro-acoustic,
design of acoustical instruments and
architectural acoustics.

OBJECTIVES SOUND IN INTERIORS

·The sound absorption, transmission and Home interior acoustics is the science of
reflection characteristics of surfaces enclosing controlling noise at the home. This
the space and within the space. includes the minimization of noise
·The sound absorption, transmission and transmission from one space to another
reflection characteristics of materials
and the control of the characteristics of
separating spaces.
sound within spaces themselves.
·The generation of sound inside or outside the
space.
·Airborne sound transmission.
· Impact noise.
 CLASSIFICATION OF SOUND

Sound waves are classified in 3 types.

1. Infrasound (f<20 kHz)

2. Audible sound (20 Hz<f<20 kHz)
3. Ultrasound (f>20 kHz)

DEFECTS DUE TO REFLECTED THE FACTORS AFFECTING

SOUND SOUND

Deflection time of Reverberation Effect of pressure (at constant Temp).

Echo formation Effects of Temperature.
Sound Foci Effect of Density.
Dead spots Effect of humidity
Loudness of Sound Effect of Wind
External noise Effect of frequency wave length &
amplitude
INTRODUCTION OF
ABSORBENT

Absorbent refers to the process by which

a material, structure, or object takes in
sound energy when sound waves are
encountered, as opposed to reflecting the
energy. Part of the absorbed energy is
transformed into heat and part is
transmitted through the absorbing body

CLASSIFICATION OF ABSORBENT TYPES OF SOUND ABSORPTIVE

MATERIAL
Porous absorbers
Non – perforated or Membrane absorbers. 1. Cushions and Pillows.
2. Wall hangings.
Resonate/Resonance absorbers
3. Carpets and area Rugs.
4. Curtains and Blankets.
5. Acoustics Foam Panels.
6. Acoustic Window Film.
7. Acoustic Partitions.
 POROUS ABSORBERS

A porous absorber is any kind of

porous or fibrous material such as
textiles, fleece, carpets, foams,
mineral wool, cotton wool and special
acoustic plasters. They all absorb
sound energy as they damp the
oscillation of the air particles by
friction

COMMERCIAL POROUS RESONANT PANELS OR

MATERIAL MEMBRANE SYSTEM

wood, Any impervious materials, installed on a

hardboard paneling, solid backing but separated from it by
gypsum boards, an air space will be set to vibrate when
suspended plaster ceilings, struck by sound waves good for low
furred out plasters, frequency range.
rigid plastics board, Membrane absorbers, also known as
windows glazing door, panel and diaphragmatic absorbers,
wood floors, utilize the resonant properties of a
plat-forms, membrane to absorb sound over a
narrow frequency range
SPACE OR FUNCTIONAL
ABSORBERS

Functional absorbers, because they are

installed as in-space objects and not as a
ceiling, and are exposed to sound on
more than one square foot of surface,
usually obtain test ratings in excess of
unity

functional sound absorber and method of

absorbing sound This invention relates to a
functional sound absorber especially adapted
for use in industrial commercial and other
installations wherein concentrated conditions The invention is adapted for use in
of noise are encountered, covering a broad many areas and conditions and
band of frequencies extending over the entire particularly where it is impractical to
apply conventional acoustical treatment
audible range
methods. The invention comprises a
self-contained functional sound
absorber unit which may be freely
suspended so as to completely expose
all surfaces thereof to the sound waves
radiated by the noise source.
 FUNDAMENTAL OF SOUND

Fundamentals of sound and hearing starts

with sound. Sound is mechanical energy
that repetitively causes collisions of
molecules in a medium, resulting in
periodic changes in the form of waves,
which can propagate through gaseous,
liquid and solid materials.

NATURE OF SOUND WAVES SOUND SOURCES

Sound is a longitudinal, mechanical Sound sources can be divided into two

wave. types, natural and man-made. Examples of
Sound can travel through any natural sources are: animals, wind, flowing
medium, but it cannot travel through streams, avalanches, and volcanoes.
a vacuum. There is no sound in outer Examples of man-made sources are:
space. airplanes, helicopters, road vehicles, trains,
Sound is a variation in pressure. A explosions, factories, and home appliances
region of increased pressure on a such as vacuum cleaners and fans.
sound wave is called a compression
(or condensation). A region of
decreased pressure on a sound wave
is called a rarefaction (or dilation).
SOUND INSULATION MATERIAL

Sound insulation: prevents the

transmission of noise by the introduction
of a mass barrier. Common materials
have high-density properties such as
brick, concrete, and metal. • Sound Wall Insulation Flooring Insulation Ceiling Insulation
absorption: a porous material that acts as
a “noise sponge” by converting the sound
energy into heat within the material.

Timber Floor Floating Window Insulation Air Conditioning For

Construction Auditoriums
SOUND INSULATION MATERIAL AIR CONDITIONING FOR
AUDITORIUMS
Soundproofing Spray Foam. Definition: Commercial air conditioning may be
Foam sprayed from a can that can be provided by a variety of equipment
ranging from low horsepower self-
added as insulation to walls for insulation.
contained systems to the very large
Mass Loaded Vinyl Sound Barrier.
built-up central systems of several
Definition: Heavy, versatile material that
thousand-ton capacity. Customer/user’s
reduces noise wherever it is placed.
ultimate objective is to acquire and
Acoustic Caulk. utilize an air conditioning system that
Acoustic Window Inserts will provide the most appropriate
performance on a whole of life basis, in
terms of capital, operating, replacement
and maintenance costs.
 WAY TO CONTROL ROOM NOISE

There are many ways of reducing noise

and noise exposure - often a combination
of methods works best. First think about
how to remove the loud noise altogether.
If that is not possible, do all you can to
control the noise at source, consider
redesigning the workplace and
reorganizing working patterns. Take
measures to protect individual workers if
you need to

CONTROL OF SOUND SPEECH PRIVACY

TRANSMISSION
The first step to controlling sound Speech privacy is the inability of an
transmission in buildings is assessing the
unintentional listener to understand
situation. What kind of noise is it? Noise in
buildings is usually assigned to one of three
another person’s conversation. People with
classes: a lack of speech privacy are overhearing
Airborne sound: lots of conversations that they shouldn’t
Sound such as voices, TV or stereo sounds. be, which interferes with their internal
The source does not strike or vibrate against
monologue and makes it difficult to
the structure of the building.
Structure-borne sound: concentrate.
Sound that is generated when some object in
contact with the structure vibrates and so
generates noise. Examples: elevators,
washing machine, plumbing noise.
Impact sound:
Sound that is generated when some object
strikes the structure of the building.
Examples: door slamming, a hammer blow,
footsteps.
ROOM GEOMETRY AND PLANNING
CONCEPT
The general motivation for room acoustic
modeling is to enable the construction of
acoustically better environments. This is
especially important in concert halls and
other acoustically challenging spaces, such as
theaters and studios, but it is also important
in classrooms, railway stations, and other
public venues and even in homes. Modeling
provides acoustic attributes that characterize
the acoustic conditions or enable the
possibility to listen to the acoustics of the
space under design, which is called
auralization.1
The acoustics of a room can be modeled
under several different frameworks and for
various purposes. The two main approaches
are based either on numerically solving the
wave equation or on the assumptions of
geometrical acoustics (GA). In principle, wave-
based modeling is able to provide the most
DESIGN OF ROOM FOR SPEECH DESIGN OF ROOM FOR MUSIC
accurate results. However, these techniques
are computationally very expensive; thus, it is
often more appropriate to resort to faster but rooms for speech need to be designed with good Most people are aware of the crucial role
less accurate techniques such as those based acoustic conditions. And it’s not just formal spaces that room acoustics plays in the success of
on GA. In GA, all of the wave properties of (like classrooms/schools, seminar rooms, meeting performance venues, particularly for
sound are neglected, and sound is assumed rooms, conference facilities, offices, theatres, unamplified orchestral and choral music,
to propagate as rays. This assumption is valid auditoria, cinemas, courts and worship spaces), the for great listener experience as well as
at high frequencies, where the wavelength of room acoustics play a critical part in the success
performer comfort and support. Virtual
sound is short compared to surface acoustic modelling is a must for these
and usability of informal listening spaces (like bars,
dimensions and the overall dimensions of the complex spaces to ensure the precise
cafes and restaurants, retail outlets, sports halls,
space, but at lower frequencies the orientation, profile and material finish of
pools/spas, museums and event venues). In the
approximation errors increase as wave each surface is optimised for an excellent
workplace, enhanced sound absorption needed for blend of sound quality and provide
phenomena play a larger role.
team conference calling, now ubiquitous for global variable acoustic conditions for
and remote communication and no longer multipurpose use.
restricted to the board room
 CONTROL IMPACT NOISE

Impact sound (or impact noise) is a form

of structure-borne sound that occurs
when an object impacts on another,
resulting in the generation and
transmission of sound. The structural
vibration caused by the impact results in
sound being radiated from an adjacent
vibrating surface. NB structure-borne
sound may also be generated by vibrating
sources rather than impact sources.

ACOUSTIC RATING OF
Impact sound can be prevented or CEILING
reduced by:
Carpets and pads. The acoustic ceiling tile NRC rating refers to
Resilient underlay. how much sound the ceiling material can
Resilient mounts. reduce noise by absorbing sound. A higher
Soundproofing compounds. number indicates more absorption. NRC
A suspended ceiling system or generally varies between 0 (no absorption)
raised floors can be used to and 1 (very high absorption) and is the
improve impact sound insulation. average of the sound absorption
coefficients at four frequency ranges, the
250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hertz (HZ) octave
bands. Ceiling noise reduction is measured
according to ASTM C423.
INTRODUCTION OF SOUND
ENGINEERING

Sound engineers, also known as audio

engineers, mix, reproduce, and manipulate
the equalization and electronic effects of
sound. They don’t have to work strictly in
music. Some end up designing and controlling
the sound at conferences, in theatre’s, and in
any other venue that requires sound
projection for an audience. By controlling
microphones, sound levels, and outputs,
sound engineers combine their well-trained
ears with their knowledge of acoustics to
produce the best quality of sound for a
variety of purposes. In addition to the music
industry, sound engineers might work in film,
radio, television, computer games, theatre,
sporting events, and corporate events.

TYPES OF SOUND ENGINEERING SOUND OUTPUT IN WATTS

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
Monitor sound engineers USAGE AT HOME
Systems engineers
Studio sound engineers Decibels are a measure of loudness. This
Research and development audio engineers number is important whenchoosing speakers,
Wireless microphone engineers especially if you like to listen at a high volume.
Game audio designer engineers Something to remember about decibels: For
every 10 decibel increase, the noise is twice as
loud, so small increases in decibel levels mean
big impact on your ears. speakers are 90dB
efficient, 200 Watts is likely plenty of power for
you.
 OFFFICE

A receiver with 50 watts per channel

should be adequate for small to
medium-sized rooms or speakers
above 90 decibels sensitivity. If you
have a large room or speakers below
87 decibels sensitivity, try and get 100
watts or more

THEATRE AUDITORIUM

Room Size: the larger your room, TWattage affects speaker volume. Here,
the more power you'll need to fill it, you typically need about 1-3 watts per
all else equal. For a room 18 feet by audience member for lectures and
18 feet, with 9-foot ceilings, you'll talking, or 5-10 for music events.
want a stereo with at least 25 watts However, as mentioned above, it's
per channel with efficient speakers, almost always better to split wattage
or 40 watts per channel with non- needs up across multiple smaller
efficient speakers. speakers spread throughout a room.
ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY IN
ACOUSTICS

Acoustic Technology conducts research into

sound and vibration. research is focused on
the generation and transmission of sound,
passive and active noise control, transducer
technology, advanced acoustic measurement
techniques, room acoustic modelling and
design, and effects of new building materials
on sound transmission. some advance
technology acoustic material are:
Acoustic Isolation Membrane
Open Cell Cavity Insulation
Decoupling Products
Acoustic Flooring
Soundproof Windows
Acoustic Fabrics
Acoustic Panels

ACOUSTICS AND ENVIRONMENT.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
Describing or defining good acoustic THAT CAN BE USED FOR
environments is a complex and multidisciplinary ACOUSTICS
task. Below, different aspects are examined but
they are far from comprehensive. Like any other WOOL BRICKS
building parameter, a good acoustic SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE
environment must fulfil basic needs such as: SOLAR TILES
· Helping occupants to live with and follow PAPER INSULATION
the daily and seasonal cycles of the TRIPLE GLAZED WINDOWS
outdoor environment.
·Enabling occupants to adapt to changing
conditions (daily, seasonal) and needs.
·Protecting the occupant from the noise
and allowing him to be in control.
 TYPES AND METHODS OF ACOUSTIC

Environmental Noise
Musical Acoustics
Infrasounds
Vibration and Dynamics
Acoustic methods (also known as sonic
testing, vibration testing, mechanical
impedance testing) depend on exciting
vibrations in a specimen by a local impact
and then measuring some properties of
the vibrations, eg resonant frequency,
decay time, etc.

ACOUSTIC APPLICATION ACOUSTIC BENEFITS

The main application of acoustics is Improve the soundscape and

to make the music or speech sound facilitate communication. Acoustic
as good as possible. It is achieved panels absorb unwanted sound such
by reducing the sound barriers and as echoes and noise from
increasing the factors that help in surrounding areas, making other
proper transmission of sound sounds clearer.
waves. Initially, acoustics was used Reduce stress levels and improve
only in industries which are based well-being.
on sound like an auditorium, Improve productivity.
theatre but today, the application Provide privacy.
of acoustics has spread to many Improve safety.
fields like medicine, warfare,
architectural industries