SHIP DESIGN

ASSIGNMENT NO. 7 BONJEANS & HYDROSTATICS,

RESISTANCE & POWERING AND PROPELLER DESIGN

Tomin I Thattil

NA15B029 | 09/04/2018
 DESIGN DATA
Type of Ship General Cargo
Deadweight 63000 Tones
Speed 15.8 knots
Range 7200 nm

RECAP:
The mission was finalised to carry leather and footwear items from Mumbai
port (India) to Port of Brisbane (Australia). As per the design data, General
cargo parent ships coming close to the given deadweight was considered. From
a set of empirical relations, the vessel particulars were estimated. Parent ship
datas were used to cross check the estimated values.

The tonnages were estimated using displacement coefficients relations which

are empirical. Adopting suitable range for the particular type of ship, we
obtained:
TONNAGES
Deadweight 63000 tones
Deadweight coefficient 0.72
Displacement 87500 tones
Volume 85365.35 m3

VESSEL PARTICULARS
Length 222m
Breadth 33m
Draft (Max) 16m
Depth 21.4m
Block Coefficient 0.73
Prismatic Coefficient 0.74
Midship Coefficient 0.98
Waterplane Area Coefficient 0.83
Freeboard 5.4m
The consumables and cargo weights were then estimated similarly using
empirical relations, which made use of the above data. The deadweight split up
was chosen based on the range of voyage and ship type.

DEADWEIGHT
Crew and Provision 3 Tones
Fresh Water 99.33 Tones
Heavy Fuel Oil 1214.6 Tones
Diesel Oil 242.92 Tones
Lube Oil 6.56 Tones
Cargo 61433 Tones
Light Ship Weight 17464.65 Tones
No. of W/T Bulkheads 10
Effective Power 6765 kW
Trim 18 cm by aft

The light ship weight was then estimated using a set of empirical relations
which take into account the weight estimates that were calculated previously.
Next, the ship resistance was estimated with the help of ITTC formula. Using
the estimated resistance value, the effective power is calculated. Then,
number of bulkheads were finalised by looking into any standard rule book.
Stability calculations were then carried out.
BONJEANS
Using the offset values from the previous assignment, we could plot the
bonjeans by simpsonising the half breadths. Bonjeans are plotted for each
station. Against each waterline, the area from the keel to that particular
waterline is found. This is calculated by using simpson multipliers.

HYDROSTATICS
1. Volume: Simpsonise the above areas for each waterline to obtain volume
under a particular waterline.
2. Displacement: Multiply the above calculated volume by the density of
water to obtain the corresponding displacement tonnage.
3. Waterplane Areas: By simpsonising half breadths for each waterline, we get
the waterplane areas.
4. Form Coefficients: Using the above volumes and areas, form coefiicients are
found out by suitable formula substitutions.

5. LCB can be obtained by multiplying the bonjean area for each waterline
with the lever along the longitudinal axis and then simpsonising it to obtain
the moment. Then divide it by the volume below that particular waterline
to calculate LCB.
6. LCF: The half breadths are multiplied by the corresponding levers. Then
simpsonise it to obtain the moment. Divide it by its waterplane area to
obtain longitudinal center of floatation.
7. KB: Vertical centre of buoyancy is obtained by dividing the first moment of
volume (obtained by multiplying waterplane areas with lever and
integrating) by the volume.
8. BML and BMT: The values of both BM’s can be obtained by the relation
BM= Second Moment of inertia/Volume. The transverse moment of inertia
is calculated by summing (1/3)y3 along the length while the longitudinal
moment of inertia was computed by summing lever 2y along the length, y
stands for half breadth.
RESISTANCE AND POWERING
Guldhammer - Harvald Method:
The specific residual resistance coefficient CR has been expressed as a function
of Froude number, Fn .CR then has been plotted against Froude number in a
group according to length-displacement ratio, L/V1/3. The resistance curves
diagram corresponds to vessel with standard form, with standard position of
location of buoyancy, standard B/T, normal shaped sections, moderate cruiser
stern and raked stem.
Parameter Limitation
1/3
L/𝛻 4.0-8.0
CP 0.55-0.85
Fn 0.15-0.45
1/2
V/(L) (knots/ft) 0.50-1.50

An approximate empirical procedure for this method is,

where

For Vessels with B/T other than 2.5, the correction for CR is done using
following expression,

103 CR = 103 CRStd + 0.12 (B/T -2.5)

The frictional resistance coefficient is calculated using the ITTC formula,

( )

The total resistance coefficient is calculated using Ct = Cf+CR

The total resistance is computed as R= CT x 0.5 x Rho x V2 x S.
The formulas were coded using matlab (code is attached at the end) and the
final value of resistance was found out to be R= 894.83 kN
With Cf = 0.0015
CR = 0.00079
CT = 0.0023
Effective Power = RTV =7272 kW

PROPELLER DESIGN
According to design thumb rule the diameter of the propeller should be less
than =9m
Calculation for single screw vessels (Taylor):

W= 0.315
From Molland

KR = 0.6
So, based on this empirical formula, t = 0.189
V=15.8 knots = 8.12 ms-1
Va=Vs(1-w)=5.567 ms-1
T = Rt/(1-t)=1103.36 kN

√
Td = 0.92
We are going for B4.40 propeller.
From the T-J Diagram for B4.40 we have found the value of KQ and J to be
0.019 and 0.44 respectively.
Also we get open water efficiency = 0.55
Now following from the charts of KQ1/4J-3/4 vs P/D we have
P/D = 0.70 gives P=4.2 m.
n= = 2.1 rps

Propeller dimensions,
Diameter = 6m
Pitch = 4.2m
RPM = 126
AE/AO =0.40
The parent ship Brassiana has an rpm of 127, which is in close agreement with
the obtained rpm. Hence adopt 126 as the propeller rpm.
MATLAB CODE FOR RESISTANCE CALCULATION
g = 9.81; %gravity
Rho = 1025;
C_wp = 0.861;
v = 15 * 0.5144 ;
L = 200;
B = 30;
T = 13.5;
C_p = 0.741;
C_b = 0.72;
C_m = 1/C_p * C_b;
LCB = 96.55;
D = 59978;
nu = 1.83 * 10^-6;% kinematic viscousity of sea water
Rn = v * L / nu; % reynold's number for prototype
Fn = v / (g*L)^0.5; % froude number
LbyD = L / (D^(1/3));
VbyL = (v/0.5144) / (L*3.2808); % ratio is in knots per feet
%Limitations(LbyD,C_p,Fn,VbyL);
%taking B/T = 2.5 ...
M = LbyD;
A0 = 1.35 - 0.23*M + 0.012*M^2;
A1 = 0.0011 * M^9.1;
N1 = 2*M - 3.7;
E = (A0 + 1.5*Fn^1.8 + A1* Fn^N1)*(0.98 + 2.5 / (M-2)^4) + (M-5)^4 * (Fn - 0.1)^4;
B1 = 7-0.09*M^2;
B2 = (5*C_p - 2.5)^2;
B3 = (600 * (Fn - 0.315)^2 + 1)^1.5;
G = (B1*B2)/B3;
H = exp(80*(Fn - (0.04 + 0.59 * C_p) - 0.015*(M-5)));
K = 180 * Fn^3.7 * exp(20*C_p - 16);
Cr = (E + G + H + K)/1000 ;
% the above is only for B/T = 2.5
% if the B/T ratio is not 2.5
Cr = Cr + 0.001 * 0.12 *(B/T - 2.5);
%% NOW WE USE THE ITTC-57 METHOD TO CALCULATE THE TOTAL RESISTANCE
C_f = 0.075/(log(Rn)/log(10)-2)^2;
C_tot = Cr + C_f;
S = L*(2*T+B)*(C_m)^0.5*(0.453+0.4425*C_b-0.2862*C_m-(0.003467*B)/T+0.3696*C_wp);
R_tot = C_tot * 0.5*Rho* v^2 *S; % calculation similar to ITTC-57 method
disp(table(R_tot));
 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3
WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas
2.00 10.67 0.00 2.00 0.66 5.19 2.00 2.93 13.35
4.00 12.91 0.00 4.00 0.69 7.88 4.00 3.47 25.66
6.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 0.71 10.58 6.00 4.05 39.97
8.00 15.64 0.00 8.00 2.67 15.17 8.00 5.97 57.98
10.00 16.28 3.41 10.00 5.12 28.29 10.00 8.15 84.02
12.00 16.50 16.60 12.00 7.49 51.21 12.00 10.21 118.74
14.00 6.43 38.59 14.00 9.36 83.17 14.00 11.82 161.32
16.00 7.88 67.35 16.00 10.67 122.02 16.00 12.91 209.76

Station 4 Station 5 Station 6

WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas
2.00 5.32 31.49 2.00 7.89 41.33 2.00 10.51 51.29
4.00 6.40 64.72 4.00 9.42 85.27 4.00 12.24 104.93
6.00 7.41 103.59 6.00 10.63 135.44 6.00 13.41 163.99
8.00 9.15 147.47 8.00 12.00 190.02 8.00 14.33 225.97
10.00 10.94 196.78 10.00 13.29 248.14 10.00 15.10 289.61
12.00 12.55 251.05 12.00 14.35 309.14 12.00 15.67 354.42
14.00 13.76 309.31 14.00 15.14 372.26 14.00 16.06 419.94
16.00 14.57 370.43 16.00 15.64 436.74 16.00 16.28 485.80

Station 7 Station 8 Station 9

WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas
2.00 12.96 51.29 2.00 14.90 57.82 2.00 15.92 65.42
4.00 14.53 104.93 4.00 15.98 118.73 4.00 16.46 129.80
6.00 15.38 163.99 6.00 16.34 183.07 6.00 16.54 195.73
8.00 15.82 225.97 8.00 16.45 248.54 8.00 16.56 261.93
10.00 16.15 289.61 10.00 16.51 314.40 10.00 16.57 328.19
12.00 16.35 354.42 12.00 16.53 380.46 12.00 16.57 394.48
14.00 16.45 419.94 14.00 16.54 446.60 14.00 16.56 460.75
16.00 16.50 485.80 16.00 16.54 512.74 16.00 16.56 527.00

Station 10 Station 11 Station 12

WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas
2.00 16.37 71.18 2.00 16.41 75.19 2.00 16.35 78.63
4.00 16.56 136.90 4.00 16.58 141.05 4.00 16.59 144.34
6.00 16.59 203.17 6.00 16.61 207.39 6.00 16.63 210.72
8.00 16.60 269.55 8.00 16.61 273.82 8.00 16.63 277.23
10.00 16.60 335.94 10.00 16.61 340.27 10.00 16.63 343.77
12.00 16.59 402.33 12.00 16.61 406.71 12.00 16.63 410.30
14.00 16.58 468.69 14.00 16.59 473.12 14.00 16.61 476.79
16.00 16.57 535.00 16.00 16.58 539.48 16.00 16.60 543.22
 Station 13 Station 14 Station 15
WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas
2.00 15.99 82.70 2.00 15.13 84.69 2.00 13.74 84.68
4.00 16.42 147.25 4.00 15.90 146.15 4.00 14.77 140.86
6.00 16.49 213.02 6.00 16.12 209.99 6.00 15.20 200.43
8.00 16.52 279.01 8.00 16.23 274.57 8.00 15.44 261.46
10.00 16.54 345.10 10.00 16.32 339.58 10.00 15.64 323.42
12.00 16.55 411.25 12.00 16.38 404.93 12.00 15.81 386.16
14.00 16.55 477.43 14.00 16.43 470.51 14.00 15.96 449.55
16.00 16.54 543.60 16.00 16.45 536.25 16.00 16.07 513.49

Station 16 Station 17 Station 18

WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas
2.00 11.92 83.75 2.00 9.80 82.28 2.00 7.43 80.51
4.00 13.07 132.75 4.00 10.96 122.81 4.00 8.42 111.38
6.00 13.62 185.62 6.00 11.52 167.24 6.00 8.87 145.54
8.00 13.97 240.47 8.00 11.94 213.75 8.00 9.26 181.41
10.00 14.29 296.68 10.00 12.34 261.91 10.00 9.67 218.84
12.00 14.58 354.11 12.00 12.75 311.67 12.00 10.15 257.97
14.00 14.86 412.72 14.00 13.19 363.09 14.00 10.74 299.12
16.00 15.13 472.45 16.00 13.65 416.29 16.00 11.44 342.77

Station 19 Station 20 Station 21

WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas WL Half Breadth Areas
2.00 5.02 78.85 2.00 2.82 77.63 2.00 0.90 76.89
4.00 5.73 99.81 4.00 3.20 89.42 4.00 1.00 80.76
6.00 5.94 122.94 6.00 3.06 102.13 6.00 0.00 84.17
8.00 6.14 146.88 8.00 2.87 114.17 8.00 0.00 84.33
10.00 6.43 171.71 10.00 2.81 125.55 10.00 0.00 84.33
12.00 6.89 197.86 12.00 3.09 136.97 12.00 0.00 84.33
14.00 7.59 226.07 14.00 3.88 150.02 14.00 0.00 84.33
16.00 8.51 257.31 16.00 5.08 166.67 16.00 0.00 84.33
 Half
Waterline Volume Displacement CB AWP CP CM LCB CWP BMT LCF KB BML
Breadth

2.00 16.50 7706.15 7898.81 0.53 2312.21 0.03 17.52 118.81 0.63 37.66 118.78 1.31 2556.41

4.00 16.50 17359.38 17793.36 0.59 2486.61 0.06 9.42 118.66 0.68 19.55 118.24 2.44 1227.60

6.00 16.50 27490.20 28177.46 0.63 2576.19 0.10 6.51 118.35 0.70 13.26 117.30 3.37 800.05

8.00 16.50 38029.05 38979.78 0.65 2697.33 0.13 5.11 117.69 0.74 10.15 114.53 4.39 598.24

10.00 16.50 49086.65 50313.81 0.67 2697.33 0.16 4.29 116.63 0.77 8.36 111.48 5.35 480.81

12.00 16.50 60676.77 62193.68 0.69 2697.33 0.18 3.74 115.40 0.81 7.20 109.06 6.43 403.94

14.00 16.50 72747.36 74566.04 0.71 2697.33 0.21 3.32 114.22 0.84 6.37 107.72 7.58 350.41

16.00 16.50 85218.40 87348.86 0.73 2697.33 0.24 2.99 113.23 0.86 5.71 107.34 8.66 311.32
CONCLUSION
Bonjeans and hydrostatic curves were plotted against each waterline. Its
variations were found to be in accordance with standard vessel curves. The
displacement, form coefficients and other hydrostatic parameters were close
to the values obtained earlier.

The resistance of the vessel as calculated from Guldhammer Harvald method,

is R = 894.83 kN which is close to estimated value of 832.66 kN. The effective
power was found to be 7272 kW.

The designed propeller diameter is 6m, with an rpm of 126.