AXIS EDUCATION COORDINATE GEOMETRY CG-1(Basic)
Institute for O/A levels Teacher: Shakib Ahmed Subject: P1P2
A x1 , y1 , B x 2 ,y 2 , C x 3 ,y3
x x y y
x1 x2 y1 y2
2 2
Length/Distance of line AB= Mid-point of line AB= 1 2 , 1 2
2 2
y 2 y1 y1 y2 y y1 x x1
Gradient of line AB= or Equation of line AB
x2 x1 x1 x2 y1 y2 x1 x2
Equation of a line l which passes through A and has a gradient m is y-y1 =m x-x1
The perpendicular distance from A to the line l
ax +by1 +c
is 1 given that the line l has equation ax+by+c=0
a 2 b2
The coordinate of C is (x,y) given that AC:CB=a:b
ax2 bx1 ay by1
x ,y 2
ab ab
If two lines are parallel, then their gradient are equal i.e gradient of line l1 = gradient of line l2
Two lines are perpendicular to each other if the product of their gradient is -1 m1m2 = -1
a b
i.e if the gradient of l1 , then the gradient of l2
b a
2
If the area of a figure is 0 units , it implies that the points are collinear, the points lie on a same straight line.
1x x2 x3 x1 1
Area of triangle ABC = 1 = x1 y2 x2 y3 x3 y1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x1
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 2
Work out of the gradients of these lines:
1. 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 = 0 2. 10𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 1 = 0 3. – 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = 0 4. −3𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 7 = 0
5. 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 9 = 0 6. 9𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 2 = 0
Work out of the gradients of the line joining these pairs of points:
7. (4, 2)(6, 3) 8. (-1, 3)(5, 4) 9. (-4, 5) (1, 2) 10. (2, -3) (6, 5)
Work out the value of
11. The line joining (3, -5) to (6, 𝑎) has gradient 4. Work out the value of 𝑎
3
12. The line joining (𝑐, 4) to (7, 6) has gradient 4. Work out the value of 𝑐
13. Show that the points 𝐴 (2, 3), 𝐵 (4, 4), 𝐶 (10, 7) can be joined by a straight line. (Hint: Find the gradient of the
lines joining the points i 𝐴 and 𝐵 and ii 𝐴 and 𝐶)
14. Show that the points (-2𝑎, 5𝑎), (0, 4𝑎), (6𝑎, 𝑎) are collinear (i.e. on the same straight lines)
Find the equation of the line with gradient 𝒎 that passes through the point (𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏 ) when:
15. 𝑚 = 2 and (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) = (2, 5) 16. 𝑚 = 3 and (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) = (−2, 1)
17. 𝑚 = −1 and (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) = (3, −6) 18. 𝑚 = −4 and (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ) = (−2, −3)
Find the equation of the line that passes through these pairs of point
19. (2, 4) and (3, 8) 20. (0, 2) and (3, 5) 21. (-2, 0) and (2, 8) 22. (5, -3) and (7, 5)
Work out if these pairs of lines are parallel, perpendicular or neither
1 2 2 1
23. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 2; 𝑦 = − 4 𝑥 − 7 24. 𝑦 = 3
𝑥 − 1; 𝑦 = 3
𝑥 − 11 25. 𝑦 = 5
𝑥 + 9; 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 9
1 3 5 5 5
26. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 2; 𝑦 = 3
𝑥 −7 27. 𝑦 = 5
𝑥 + 4; 𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 1 28. 𝑦 = 7
𝑥; 𝑦 = 7 𝑥 − 3
1 3
29. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 3; 5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4 = 0 30. 5𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0; 𝑦 = − 5 𝑥 31. 𝑦 = − 2 𝑥 + 8; 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 9 = 0
32. 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 1 = 0; 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 − 2 33. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 12 = 0; 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 6 = 0 34. 5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0; 2𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 4 = 0
35. Find the equation of the line that passes through the points (6, -2) and is perpendicular to the line 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 5.
36. Find an equation of the line that passes through the points (-2, 7) and is parallel to the line 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 1. Write
your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
37. The points 𝐴 and 𝐵 have coordinates (-4, 6) and (2, 8) respectively. A line 𝑝 is drawn through 𝐵 perpendicular to
𝐴𝐵 to meet the 𝑦 – axis at the point 𝐶
(a) Find an equation of the line 𝑝 (b) Determine the coordinates of 𝐶
38. The line l has equation 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0. The line m passes through the point 𝐴 (0, 4) and is perpendicular to the
line 𝑙.
(a) Find an equation of m and show that the lines 𝑙 and m intersect at the point 𝑃 (2, 3).
The line 𝑛 passes through the point 𝐵 (3, 0) and is parallel to the line 𝑚
(b) Find an equation of 𝑛 and hence find the coordinates of the point 𝑄 where the lines 𝑙 and 𝑛 intersect.
1
39. The line 𝑙1 has gradient and passes through the point 𝐴 (2, 2). The line 𝑙2 has gradient -1 and passes through
7
the point 𝐵 (4, 8). The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 intersect at the point C.
(a) Find an equation for 𝑙1 and an equation for 𝑙2 (b) Determine the coordinates of 𝐶
5
40. The straight line passing through the point 𝑃(2, 1) and the point 𝑄(k, 11) has gradient − 12
(a) Find the equation of the line in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦 only (b) Determine the value of 𝑘
41. (a) Find an equation of the line 𝑙 which passes through the points 𝐴 (1, 0) and 𝐵 (5, 6).
The line 𝑚 with equation 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 15 meets 𝑙 at the point 𝐶 (b) Determine the coordinate of the point 𝐶
42. The line 𝑙 passes through the points 𝐴 (1, 3) and 𝐵 (-19, -19). Find an equation of 𝐿 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 =
0, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers.
43. The straight line 𝑙1 passes through the points 𝐴 and 𝐵 with coordinates (2, 2) and (6, 0) respectively.
(a) Find an equation of 𝑙1
1
The straight line 𝑙2 passes through the point 𝐶 with coordinates (-9, 0) and ahs gradient 4
(b) Find an equation of 𝑙2
44. The straight line 𝑙1 passes through the points 𝐴 and 𝐵 with coordinates (0, -2) and (6, 7) respectively.
(a) Find an equation of 𝑙1 in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
The straight line 𝑙2 with equation 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8 cuts the 𝑦 −axis at the point 𝐶. The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 intersect at the points
𝐷
(b) Calculate the coordinate of the point 𝐷 (c) Calculate the area of 𝐴𝐶𝐷
45. The points A and B have coordinates (2, 16) and (12, -4) respectively. A straight line 𝑙1 passes through A and B.
(a) Find an equation for 𝑙1 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐
1
The line𝑙2 passes through the point C with coordinates (-1, 1) and has gradient
3
(b) Find an equation for 𝑙2
46. The points 𝐴 (-1, -2), 𝐵 (7, 2) and 𝐶 (𝑘, 4), where 𝑘 is a constant, are the vertices of 𝐴𝐵𝐶. Angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a right
angle
(a) Find the gradient of 𝐴𝐵 (b) Calculate the value of 𝑘
(c) Find an equation of the straight line passing through 𝐵 and 𝐶. Give your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝐶 = 0,
where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers.
47. The straight line 𝑙 passes through 𝐴 (1, 3√3) and 𝐵 (2+√3, 3+4√3)
(a) Calculate the gradient of 𝑙 giving your answer as a surd in its simplest surd in its simplest form
(b) Give the equation of 𝑙 in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑚 and 𝑐 are surds given in their simplest form.
(c) Show that 𝑙 meets the 𝑥 axis at the point 𝐶 (-2, 0)
48. (a) Find an equation of the straight line passing through the points with coordinates (-1, 5) and (4, -2), giving your
answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers.
The line crosses the 𝑥 – axis at the point 𝐴 and the 𝑦 – axis at the point 𝐵, and 𝑂 is the origin
(b) Find the area of QAB
49. The points 𝐴 and 𝐵 have coordinates (𝑘, 1) and(8, 2𝑘-1) respectively, where 𝑘 is a constant. Given that the
1
gradient of 𝐴𝐵 is 3
(a) Show that 𝑘 = 2 (b) Find an equation for the line through 𝐴 and 𝐵
50. The points 𝐴 and 𝐵 have coordinates (4, 6) and (12, 2) respectively.
The straight line 𝑙1 passes through 𝐴 and 𝐵
(a) Find an equation for 𝑙1 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
The straight 𝑙2 passes through the origin and has gradient – 4
(b) Write down an equation for 𝑙2
The lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 intersect at the point 𝐶
(c) Find the coordinates of 𝐶
Find the mid – point of the line joining these pairs of points
51. (4,2), (6, 8) 52. (0, 6), (12, 2) 53. (2, 2), (-4, 6) 54. (-6, 4), (6, -4)
55. The line 𝑃𝑄 is a diameter of a circle, where 𝑃 and 𝑄 are (-4, 6) and (7, 8) respectively. Find the coordinates of the
centre of the circle.
56. The line 𝐹𝐺 is a diameter of the circle centre (6, 1). Given 𝐹 is (2, -3), find the coordinates of 𝐺
57. The line 𝐶𝐷 is a diameter of the circle centre (-2𝑎, 5𝑎). Given 𝐷 has coordinates (3𝑎, -7𝑎), find the coordinates of
C.
58. The line 𝐹𝐺 is a diameter of the circle centre 𝐶 where 𝐹 and G are (-2, 5) and (2, 9) respectively. The line 𝑙 passes
through 𝐶 and is perpendicular to 𝐹𝐺. Find the equation of 𝑙.
59. The line 𝐽𝐾 is a diameter of the circle centre 𝑃, where 𝐽 and 𝐾 are (0, -3) and (4, -5) respectively. The line 𝑙 passes
through 𝑃 and is perpendicular to 𝐽𝐾. Find the equation of 𝑙. Write your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where
𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers.
60. The line 𝐴𝐵 is a diameter of the circle centre (4, -2). The line 𝑙 passes through 𝐵 and is perpendicular to 𝐴𝐵.
Given that 𝐴 is (-2, 6)
(a) find the coordinates of 𝐵 (b) Hence, find the equation of 𝑙
61. The line 𝑃𝑄 is a diameter of the circle centre (-4, -2). The line 𝑙 passes through 𝑃 and is perpendicular to 𝑃𝑄.
Given that 𝑄 is (10, 4), find the equation of 𝑙.
62. The line 𝑅𝑆 is a chord of the circle centre (5, -2), where 𝑅 and 𝑆 are (2, 3) and (10, 1) respectively. The line 𝑙 is
perpendicular to 𝑅𝑆 and bisects it. Show that 𝑙 passes through the centre of the circle.
1
63. The line 𝑀𝑁 is a chord of the circle centre (1, − 2), where 𝑀 and 𝑁 are (-5, -5) and (7, 4) respectively. The line 𝑙 is
perpendicular to 𝑀𝑁 and bisects it. Find the equation of 𝑙. Write your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, where
𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are integers.
64. The line 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are chords of a circle. The line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 8 is the perpendicular bisector of 𝐴𝐵. The line 𝑦 =
−2𝑥 − 4 is the perpendicular bisector of 𝐶𝐷. Find the coordinate of the centre of the circle.
65. The line 𝐸𝐹 and 𝐺𝐻 are chords of a circle. The line 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 24 is the perpendicular bisector of 𝐸𝐹. Given 𝐺 and
𝐻 are (-2, 4) and (4, 10) respectively, find the coordinates of the centre of the circle.
66. The points 𝑃 (3, 16), 𝑄 (11, 12) and 𝑅 (-7, 6) lie on the circumference of a circle.
(a) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of (i) 𝑃𝑄 (ii) 𝑃𝑅
(b) Hence, find the coordinates of the centre of the circle.
67. The points 𝐴 (-3, 19), 𝐵 (9, 11) and 𝐶 (-15, 1) lie on the circumference of a circle. Find the coordinates of the
centre of the circle.
Find the distance between these pairs of points
68. (0, 1), (6,9) 69. (4, -6), (9, 6) 70. (3, 1), (-1, 4) 71. (3, 5), (4, 7)
72. The point (4, -3) lies on the circle centre (-2, 5). Find the radius of the circle.
73. The line 𝑀𝑁 is a diameter of a circle, where 𝑀 and 𝑁 are (6, -4) and (0, -2) respectively. Find the radius of the
circle.
74. The points 𝐴 and 𝐵 have coordinates (-2, -1) and (4, 2) respectively. Find
(a) to 3 significant figures, the distance 𝐴𝐵 (b) the equation of the line 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝑃 2
(c) the coordinates of the points 𝑃 on the line segment AB such that 𝑃𝐵 = 1
75. Two perpendicular lines 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 each pass through the point 𝑃 with coordinates (2, 6).
The line 𝑙1 has gradient 3.
(a) Find the gradient of𝑙2 , and hence find an equation of the line 𝑙2 .
The line 𝑙1 crosses the 𝑥 – axis at the point 𝑄
(b) Show that the coordinates of 𝑄 are (20, 0)
The point 𝑅 lies on 𝑃𝑄 such that PR: RQ is 7: 2and R lies between 𝑃 and 𝑄
(c) Calculate the coordinate of 𝑅
76. The line l1 has equation 8x 2 y 15 0 . a) Find the gradient of l1
3
The line l1 is parallel to the line l1 and passes through the point ,16 .
4
b) Find the equation of l2 in the form y mx c, where m and c constants. [Oct-17/Q1/5]
77. The points A(7, 3), B(7, 20) and C( p, q) form the vertices of a triangle ABC,
as shown in Figure. The point D(10,5) is the midpoint of AC.
a) Find the value of p and the value of q.
The line l passes through D and is perpendicular to AC.
b) Find an equation for l, in the form ax by c, where a, b and c are integers.
Given that the line l intersects AB at E,
c) Find the exact coordinates of [Oct-17/Q10/10]
78. The point A has coordinates (1,5) and the point B has coordinates (4,1).
The line l passes through the points A and B. a) Find the gradient of l.
b) Find an equation for l, giving your answer in the form ax by c 0 where a, b and c are integer.
The point M is the midpoint of AB. The point C has coordinates (5, k ) where k is a constant.
Given that the distance form M to C is 13 c) Find the exact possible values of the constant k. [Oct-18/Q7/8]
Answers
1 1 1 3 1
1. 2. 2 3. 4. 5. -2 6. − 7.
2 2 2 2 2
1 3 1
8. 9. − 10. 2 11. 7 12. 4 15.𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 16. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7
6 5 3
17. 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 3 18. 𝑦 = −4𝑥 − 11 19. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 4 20. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 21. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4 22. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 23 23. Perpendicular
24. Parallel 25. Neither 26. Perpendicular 27. Perpendicular 28. Parallel 29. Parallel 30. Perpendicular
1
31. Perpendicular 32. Parallel 33. Neither 34. Perpendicular 35. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 36. 4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 15 = 0
3
1 1 3
37. (a) 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 14 (b) (0, 14) 38. (a) 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 4 (b) 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + , (1, 1)
2 2 2
1 12 5 11 3 3
39. (a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + , 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 12 (b) (9, 3) 40. (a) 𝑦 = − 𝑥+ (b) – 22 41. (a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 −
7 7 12 6 2 2
1 1 9 3
(b) (3, 3) 42. 11𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 19 = 0 43. (a) 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 3 (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 44. (a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
2 4 4 2
1 4 1
(b) (4, 4) (c) 20 45. (a) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20 (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 46. (a) (b) 6 (c) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 16 = 0
3 3 2
3+√3 162 1 1
47. (a) ( =) √3 (b) 𝑦 = √3𝑥 + 2√3 48.(a) 7𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 18 = 0 (b) 49.(b) 𝑦 = − 𝑥 +
1+√3 35 3 3
16 64
50. (a) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 16 = 0 (b) 𝑦 = −4𝑥 (c) (− , ) 51. (5, 5) 52. (6, 4) 53. (-1, 4)
7 7
3
54. (0, 0) 55. ( , 7) 56. (10, 5) 57. (-7𝑎, 17𝑎) 58. 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 7 59. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 8 = 0 60. (a) (10, -10)
2
3 35 7
(b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 61. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 − 50 63. 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 5 = 0 64. (-3, 2) 65. (8, 0) 66. (a) (i) 𝑦 = 2𝑥
4 2
(ii) 5 (b) (3, 6) 67. (-3, 6) 68. 10 69. 13 70. 5 71. √5 72. 10
1 1 1
73. √10 74. (a) 6.71 unit (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 (c) (2, 1) 75. (a) 𝑚 = − , 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 20 (c) (16, 1 )
2 3 3
49
76. a) -4 b) y 4 x 13 77. a) p 13, q 13 b) 3x 8 y 70 c) C 7,
8
4 3
78. b) 4 x 5 y 21 0 c) k 3
5 2
