MATH 100, Section 110 Midterm 2 — November 4, 2014 Page 1 of 7

Midterm 2 Duration: 45 minutes

This test has 5 questions on 7 pages, for a total of 40 points.

• Read all the questions carefully before starting to work.

• Q1 and Q2 are short-answer questions; put your answer in the boxes provided.
• All other questions are long-answer; you should give complete arguments and explanations
for all your calculations; answers without justifications will not be marked.
• Continue on the back of the previous page if you run out of space.
• Attempt to answer all questions for partial credit.
• This is a closed-book examination. None of the following are allowed: documents,
cheat sheets or electronic devices of any kind (including calculators, cell phones, etc.)

First Name: Last Name:

Student-No: Section:

Signature:

Question: 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Points: 6 15 7 7 5 40
Score:

Student Conduct during Examinations

1. Each examination candidate must be prepared to produce, upon the (ii) purposely exposing written papers to the view of other exami-
request of the invigilator or examiner, his or her UBCcard for identi- nation candidates or imaging devices;
fication.
(iii) purposely viewing the written papers of other examination can-
2. Examination candidates are not permitted to ask questions of the didates;
examiners or invigilators, except in cases of supposed errors or ambi-
guities in examination questions, illegible or missing material, or the (iv) using or having visible at the place of writing any books, papers
like. or other memory aid devices other than those authorized by the
examiner(s); and,
3. No examination candidate shall be permitted to enter the examination
(v) using or operating electronic devices including but not limited
room after the expiration of one-half hour from the scheduled starting
to telephones, calculators, computers, or similar devices other
time, or to leave during the first half hour of the examination. Should
than those authorized by the examiner(s) (electronic devices
the examination run forty-five (45) minutes or less, no examination
other than those authorized by the examiner(s) must be com-
candidate shall be permitted to enter the examination room once the
pletely powered down if present at the place of writing).
examination has begun.

4. Examination candidates must conduct themselves honestly and in ac- 6. Examination candidates must not destroy or damage any examination
cordance with established rules for a given examination, which will material, must hand in all examination papers, and must not take any
be articulated by the examiner or invigilator prior to the examination examination material from the examination room without permission
commencing. Should dishonest behaviour be observed by the exam- of the examiner or invigilator.
iner(s) or invigilator(s), pleas of accident or forgetfulness shall not be
received.
7. Notwithstanding the above, for any mode of examination that does
5. Examination candidates suspected of any of the following, or any other not fall into the traditional, paper-based method, examination candi-
similar practices, may be immediately dismissed from the examination dates shall adhere to any special rules for conduct as established and
by the examiner/invigilator, and may be subject to disciplinary ac- articulated by the examiner.
tion:

(i) speaking or communicating with other examination candidates, 8. Examination candidates must follow any additional examination rules
unless otherwise authorized; or directions communicated by the examiner(s) or invigilator(s).
 MATH 100, Section 110 Midterm 2 — November 4, 2014 Page 2 of 7

Short-Answer Questions. Questions 1 and 2 are short-answer questions. Put your answer
in the box provided. Full marks will be given for a correct answer placed in the box. Show
your work also, for part marks. Each part is worth 2 to 3 marks, and not all parts are of equal
difficulty. Simplify your answers as much as possible in Questions 1 and 2.
2 dy
2 marks 1. (a) Let y = 101−x . Find dx
.
dy 2
Answer: dx
= −2 ln(10)x · 101−x

Solution: Use the chain rule

dy 2
= ln(10) · 101−x · (−2x)
dx

(b) Evaluate tan−1 tan 11π

2 marks 4
.
Answer: − π4

Solution: As done in class, one way to solve this problem is to draw a unit circle
and mark down the angle
of 11π
4
in the second quadrant. Shifting the angle back
π π
into the range of − 2 , 2 yields − π4 because tan x is negative in the second and
fourth quadrant.

dy
2 marks (c) y = (sin x)ln x . Find dx
.
 
ln(sin x)
Answer: y 0 = x
+ ln x cos x
sin x
y

Solution: Use logarithmic differentiation.

ln y = ln x · ln(sin x)
1 0 1 1
y = · ln(sin x) + ln x · · cos x
y x sin x
Multiplying through by y gives the answer in the box.
 MATH 100, Section 110 Midterm 2 — November 4, 2014 Page 3 of 7

3 marks 2. (a) Simplify sin(sec−1 x). Note: sec−1 x is the inverse function of sec x.
√
x2 −1
Answer: x

Solution: Let y = sec−1 x then sec y = x or equivalently

√
cos y = 1
x
. Drawing a
x2 −1
triangle with angle y as done in class gives sin y = x .

3 marks (b) Find all x-coordinates at which the tangent line to the curve x2 y 2 = 16 has slope −1.
Answer: x = ±2
.

Solution: Implicit differentiation gives

2xy 2 + x2 · 2yy 0 = 0.

Plugging in y 0 = −1 and factoring gives

2xy(y − x) = 0.

This implies x = y since there are no points on the curve with x = 0 or y = 0. The
curve’s equation thus becomes x4 = 16 or x = ±2.

dp
3 marks (c) Which of the following functions satisfies = p3 ?
dt
A) p(t) = 41 t4
1
B) p(t) = − t+3
1 Answer: C)
C) p(t) = √
1 − 2t
D) None of these.

Solution: By differentiating each expression for p(t) separately, we conclude that

C) is the correct answer, i.e,
 3
dp 1 1 1
=− 3/2
· (−2) = = √ = p3
dt 2(1 − 2t) (1 − 2t)3/2 1 − 2t
 MATH 100, Section 110 Midterm 2 — November 4, 2014 Page 4 of 7

1
3 marks (d) Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of y = x + on [0.2, 4].
x
Answer: max. value is y(0.2) = 5.2, min. value is y(1) = 2

Solution: Use the closed interval method. Start by finding critical numbers by
checking where the derivative equals zero or isn’t defined:
1
y0 = 1 − =0
x2
So x = 0, ±1. Ignore 0 and −1 since they aren’t in [0.2, 4]. We compare

y(0.2) = 0.2 + 5
y(1) = 2
y(4) = 4 + 0.25

to get the answer in the box.

3 marks (e) Write down the degree 2 Taylor polynomial of f (x) = tan x at x = π/4.
Answer: T2 (x) = 1 + 2(x − π/4) + 2(x − π/4)2

Solution: We need to determine

2
X
T2 (x) = ck (x − π/2)k
k=0

f (k) (π/2)
where ck = . We have
k!
1 tan x
f (0) (x) = tan x f 0 (x) = 2
f 00 (x) = 2 2
cos x cos x
and so
c0 = 1 c1 = 2 c2 = 2
which gives the answer in the box.
 MATH 100, Section 110 Midterm 2 — November 4, 2014 Page 5 of 7

Full-Solution Problems. In questions 3–5, justify your answers and show all your work. If
a box is provided, write your final answer there. Unless otherwise indicated, simplification of
answers is not required in these questions.
√
3
3 marks 3. (a) Use a suitable linear approximation to estimate the value of 262 . Express your answer
as a single fraction.
79
Answer: 9

Solution: Let f (x) = x2/3 and expand around x = 27. Then

f (27) = 9
2
f 0 (x) = x−1/3
3
2
f 0 (27) =
9
T1 (x) = f (27) + f 0 (27) · (x − 27)
2 2
= 9 + (x − 27) = x + 3
9 9
and thus
2 79
T1 (26) = 9 + · (−1) =
9 9.
1
4 marks (b) Show that the upper bound for the error in this approximation is less than − .
1000
Solution: The error is given by
1 00 1
E1 = f (c)(26 − 27)2 = f 00 (c)
2! 2
for some 26 ≤ c ≤ 27. Now f 00 (x) = − 92 x−4/3 has a negative power of x which is
decreasing but then the minus sign outside makes f 00 (x) increasing. Thus the right
endpoint of the interval [26, 27] makes f 00 (x) largest and we obtain
2 2
f 00 (x) = − x−4/3 ≤ − 27−4/3 for 26 ≤ x ≤ 27
9 9
2 1 2
=− · 4 =−
9 3 9 · 81
So the error is bounded by
1 2 1 1
E1 ≤ − · =− <−
2 9 · 81 729 1000
as required.
 MATH 100, Section 110 Midterm 2 — November 4, 2014 Page 6 of 7

4. A tanker off the coast of B.C. breaks in half spilling 104 m3 of oil all at once. The oil floats
on the surface and spreads. It has the shape of a cylinder whose height is becoming thinner
and thinner. The height, h, of the oil slick is uniform and given by
1
h(t) =
104 t
where t is time in hours.
2 marks (a) Find the radius of the slick 4 hours later.

Solution: Let t be time measured in hours, r be the radius of the cylinder, and V
be the volume of the cylinder. Then

V = πr(t)2 h(t).

Thus r
104 · 104 t 2 20, 000
r(t) = and r(4) = 104 √ = √ .
π π π

5 marks (b) Find how quickly the slick is spreading across the water surface 4 hours later.

Solution: The quick way is to just differentiate the above expression for r(t) to get

104 104 2, 500

r0 (t) = √ t−1/2 so r0 (4) = √ = √
2 π 4 π π .

The long (and tedious) way is to differentiate the volume formula implicitely (treat-
ing V as a constant):

0 = π(2rr0 h + r2 h0 ) (∗)

We need
1 1
h0 (t) = − 4 2
so that h0 (4) = − 4
10 t 10 · 16 .
Plugging t = 4 into equation (∗) and dividing by π we get

r0 104
 
4 2 0 1 4 8 1
0 = 2 · 10 √ · r · 4 + · 10 · − 4 =√ −
π 10 · 4 π 10 · 16 π 4π

and solving for r0 :

r0 104
√ =
π 4π
4
√
10 π 104 2, 500
r0 = = √ = √
4π 4 π π .
 MATH 100, Section 110 Midterm 2 — November 4, 2014 Page 7 of 7

5 marks 5. Naobi is boiling water on the stove to make a cup of coffee. The heating element is at 200◦ C
and the water in her pot is initially at 20◦ C room temperature. After one minute her water
has reached 40◦ C. How long will it take for her water to reach the boiling point? Your
answer may be left in “calculator-ready” form.

Solution: Let T be the temperature of the can in degree Celsius and t be the time in
minutes.
We need to fit the curve T (t) = Aekt + E to the given data where E is the ambient
temperature. In this case the ambient temperature is that of the heating element, i.e.,
200◦ C. A = T (0) − E = 20 − 200 = −180. The other data point is t = 1 with T (1) = 40.
Plugging this into the equation we have thus far we get

40 = −180ek + 200.

Solving for k yields k = ln 98 . Thus

8
T (t) = −180eln( 9 )t + 200.

Solving
8
100 = −180eln( 9 )t + 200
ln 95
for t we find t = ≈ 5 min.
k