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Lista 1 - EA1

The document provides solutions to structural analysis problems involving Mohr's circle. It calculates principal stresses, shear stresses, and stress directions for points under various combinations of normal and shear stresses.

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Max Paulo
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views11 pages

Lista 1 - EA1

The document provides solutions to structural analysis problems involving Mohr's circle. It calculates principal stresses, shear stresses, and stress directions for points under various combinations of normal and shear stresses.

Uploaded by

Max Paulo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA

FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA MECÂNICA


Curso de Graduação em Engenharia Aeronáutica

1ª LISTA

ESTRUTURAS DE AERONAVES I
(FEMEC43050)

Aluno: MAX PAULO DOS SANTOS (11321EAR017)

Professora: NÚBIA DOS SANTOS SAAD

Uberlândia, 06 de Agosto de 2021.


P.1.1
A structural member supports loads which produce, at a particular point, a direct tensile stress of 𝟖𝟎 𝐍⁄
𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐍
and a shear stress of 𝟒𝟓 ⁄ on the same plane. Calculate the values and directions of the principal stresses
𝐦𝐦𝟐
at the point and also the maximum shear stress, stating on which planes this will act.

Solução:
Primeiramente determinar os parâmetros para a construção do círculo de Mohr:
Ponto a ser analisado:
𝜎𝑥 = 80 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦 = 0
mm2
𝜎 𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 80 +0
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 45 N⁄ 2
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐶 = = = 40 N⁄
mm 2 2 mm2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 80 − 0 2
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑅 = √( 2 = √(
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ) + 452 = 60,21 N⁄
2 2 mm2
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 ̅̅̅̅ − 𝑅 = −20,21 N⁄
= 𝑂𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ + 𝑅 = 100,21 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑂𝐶
mm2 mm2

Assim sendo, teríamos tudo o que precisamos para traçar o círculo de Mohr:

Para determinar o valor de 𝜃, temos que:

45 45
tan 2𝜃 = ↔ 2𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan ( ) = 48,37 °
40 40

𝜃1 = 24,18 °

Também, para o ângulo côngruo a 𝜃1 , temos que 𝜃2 = 𝜃1 + 90 ° = 114,18 °

P.1.2 At a point in an elastic material there are two mutually perpendicular planes, one of which carries a
direct tensile stress at 𝟓𝟎 𝐍⁄ and a shear stress of 𝟒𝟎 𝐍⁄ , while the other plane is subjected to a
𝐦𝐦𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
direct compressive stress of 𝟑𝟓 ⁄𝐍 and a complementary shear stress of 𝟒𝟎 𝐍⁄ . Determine the
𝐦𝐦𝟐 𝐦𝐦𝟐
principal stresses at the point, the position of the planes on which they act and the position of the planes on
which there is no normal stress.

𝜎𝑥 = 50 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦 = −35 N⁄
mm2 mm2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 50 + (−35)
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 40 N⁄ ̅̅̅̅ =
𝑂𝐶 = = 7,5 N⁄
mm2 2 2 mm2

2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 50 − (−35)
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑅 = √( 2 =√
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ( ) + 402 = 58,36 N⁄mm2
2 2

̅̅̅̅ − 𝑅 = −50,86 N⁄
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑂𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ + 𝑅 = 65,86 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑂𝐶
mm2 mm2

Os ângulos foram calculados utilizando o Solidworks ®, mas podemos calcular fazendo relações trigonométricas.
Sabendo a localização dos pontos onde a tensão normal se anula. Em (0, ∓𝜏𝑖 ).
Obs.: 𝜏𝑖 ≠ 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 . Observe:
P.1.3 Listed below are varying combinations of stresses acting at a point and referred to axes 𝒙 and 𝒚 in an
elastic material. Using Mohr’s circle of stress determine the principal stresses at the point and their directions
for each combination

(N⁄ ) 𝜎𝑥 (N⁄ ) 𝜎𝑦 (N⁄ ) 𝜏𝑥𝑦 (N⁄ )


mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2
(𝑖) −54 +30 +5
(𝑖𝑖) +30 +54 −5
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) −60 −36 +5
(𝑖𝑣) +30 −50 +30
N
𝜎𝑥 = −54 ⁄ 𝜎𝑦 = 30 N⁄
mm2 mm2
(𝑖)

𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 −54 + 30
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 5 N⁄ ̅̅̅̅ =
𝑂𝐶 = = −12 N⁄
mm2 2 2 mm2

𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 −54 − 30 2
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 √
=𝑅= ( 2 √
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = ( ) + 52 = 42,30 N⁄
2 2 mm2

̅̅̅̅ − 𝑅 = −54,30 N⁄
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑂𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ + 𝑅 = 30,30 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑂𝐶
mm2 mm2
(𝑖𝑖)

𝜎𝑥 = 30 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦 = 54 N⁄
mm2 mm2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 30 + 54
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = −5 N⁄ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐶 = = = 42 N⁄
mm2 2 2 mm2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 30 − 54 2
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑅 = √( 2 = √(
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ) + (−5)2 = 13 N⁄
2 2 mm2
𝑂𝐶 − 𝑅 = 29 N⁄
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝐶 + 𝑅 = 55 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = ̅̅̅̅
mm2 mm2

(𝑖𝑖𝑖)

𝜎𝑥 = −60 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦 = −36 N⁄
mm2 mm2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 −60 + (−36)
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 5 N⁄ ̅̅̅̅ =
𝑂𝐶 = = −48 N⁄
mm2 2 2 mm2

2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 −60 − (−36)
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑅 = √( 2 =√
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ( ) + 52 = 13 N⁄mm2
2 2

̅̅̅̅ − 𝑅 = −61 N⁄
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑂𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ + 𝑅 = −35 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑂𝐶
mm2 mm2
(𝑖𝑣)

𝜎𝑥 = 30 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦 = −50 N⁄
mm2 mm2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 30 + (−50)
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 30 N⁄ ̅̅̅̅ =
𝑂𝐶 = = −10 N⁄
mm2 2 2 mm2

2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 30 − (−50)
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑅 = √( 2 =√
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ( ) + 302 = 50 N⁄
2 2 mm2

̅̅̅̅ − 𝑅 = −60 N⁄
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑂𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ + 𝑅 = 40 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑂𝐶
mm2 mm2
P.1.4 The state of stress at a point is caused by three separate actions, each of which produces a pure, unidirectional
tension of 𝟏𝟎 𝐍⁄ individually but in three different directions as shown in Fig. P.1.4. By transforming the individual
𝐦𝐦𝟐
stresses to a common set of axes (𝒙, 𝒚) determine the principal stresses at the point and their directions.

𝜎𝑥 = 0 𝜎𝑦 = 10 N⁄
mm2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 0 + 10
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 0 ̅̅̅̅ =
𝑂𝐶 = = 5 N⁄
2 2 mm2

𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 10 − 10 2
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑅 = √( 2 = √(
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ) + 02 = 5 N⁄
2 2 mm2

𝑂𝐶 − 𝑅 = 0 N⁄
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝐶 + 𝑅 = 10 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = ̅̅̅̅
mm2 mm2

No caso 1, temos que:


̅̅̅̅ + 𝑅 cos 60° = 7,5 N⁄
𝜎𝜃=150° = 𝜎𝑦1 = 𝑂𝐶 𝜏𝜃=150° = 𝜏𝑥1 𝑦1 = −𝑅 sin 60° = −4,33 N⁄
mm2 mm2
E no caso 2:
3 5√3
𝑂𝐶 + 𝑅 cos 60° = 5 + 5 cos 60° = 5 ∙ = 7,5 N⁄
𝜎𝜃=30° = ̅̅̅̅ 2 𝜏𝜃=30° = 𝑅 sin 60° = = 4,33 N⁄
2 mm 2 mm2
Representação no ponto:
𝜎𝑥1 = 2,5 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦1 = 7,5 N⁄ 𝜏𝑥1 𝑦1 = 𝜏𝑦1 𝑥1 = − 4,33 N⁄
mm2 mm2 mm2

𝜎𝑥2 = 2,5 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦2 = 7,5 N⁄ 𝜏𝑥2 𝑦2 = 𝜏𝑦2 𝑥2 = 4,33 N⁄


mm2 mm2 mm2
Sobrepondo os dois pontos, encontramos um terceiro, dado por:
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜎 + 𝜎𝑥1 + 𝜎𝑥2 = 10 + 2,5 + 2,5 = 15 N⁄
mm2

𝜎𝑦 = 𝜎𝑦1 + 𝜎𝑦2 = 7,5 + 7,5 = 15 N⁄


mm2

𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑥1 𝑦1 + 𝜏𝑥2 𝑦2 = −4,33 + 4,33 = 0

Obs.: As tensões 𝜎𝑦 e 𝜎𝑥 são principais, tendo em vista de que a tensão tangencial 𝜏𝑥𝑦 é nula, tornando os pontos
correspondentes a 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 e 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 coincidentes com as mesmas citadas.
P.1.6 A solid shaft of circular cross-section supports a torque of 𝟓𝟎 𝐤𝐍𝐦 and a bending moment of 𝟐𝟓 𝐤𝐍𝐦. If the
diameter of the shaft is 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐦𝐦 calculate the values of the principal stresses and their directions at a point on the surface
of the shaft.

Vamos analisar uma seção onde a face 𝑥𝑦 fica exposta. Percebe se que temos uma tensão tangencial devido ao
momento torçor e uma tensão normal devido ao momento fletor:
𝑀𝑥 𝑦 4 ∙ 25 ∙ 103 ∙ 103 ∙ 75
𝜎𝑧 = = = 75,45 N⁄
𝐼𝑥𝑥 𝜋 ∙ (75)4 mm2

𝑇𝑧 ∙ 𝑟 4 ∙ 50 ∙ 103 ∙ 103 ∙ 75
𝜏𝑦𝑧 = 𝜏𝑧𝑦 = = = 75,45 N⁄
𝐽0 2𝜋 ∙ (75)4 mm2

Assim, a distribuição de tensões no ponto fica como:

𝜎𝑧 = 75,45 N⁄ 𝜎𝑦 = 0
mm2
𝜎𝑧 + 𝜎𝑦 75,45 + 0
𝜏𝑦𝑧 = 𝜏𝑧𝑦 = 75,45 N⁄ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐶 = = = 37,73 N⁄
mm2 2 2 mm2

𝜎𝑧 − 𝜎𝑦 2 75,45 − 0 2
𝜏𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑅 = √( 2 = √(
) + 𝜏𝑧𝑦 ) + 75,452 = 84,36 N⁄
2 2 mm2

𝑂𝐶 − 𝑅 = −46,63 N⁄
𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝐶 + 𝑅 = 122,09 N⁄
𝜎𝑚á𝑥 = ̅̅̅̅
mm2 mm2

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