Experiment No. 01: Familiarization with MDA-8086 microprocessor kit and loading machine codes of a sample program to MDA-8086. 1.1 Objectives: The objectives of this experiment are- a) To familiarize with MDA-8086 system configuration. b) To operate MDA-8086 in “Machine Code” mode. ©) To know about different registers inside 8086 microprocessors. 1.2 MDA-8086 System Configuration: Ee 5 CLOSE ts seit WB ° POPE ay sme Ties eet Ge. ae Figure 1.1: MDA-8086 System Configuration. ‘The functions of ICs at Figure | are: a) CPU (Central processing unit): Using Intel 8086, Using 4.9152Mhz. b) ROM (Read Only Memory): It has program to control user’s key input, LCD display, user's program. 64K Byte, it has data communication program. Range of ROM Address is F0000~FFFFFH. ©) SRAM (Static Random Access Memory): Input user’s program & data. Address of Page 1/11 Scanned with CamScannermemory is 00000H~OFFFFH, totally 64 Kbyte. 4) DISPLAY: It is LCD, 16(Character) * 2(Line). ¢) KEY BOARD: It is used to input machine language and has 16 of hexa-decimal keys and 8 of function keys. £) SPEAKER: Able to test sound using with speaker and further more able to test synthesizer. g) RS-232C: It is ready to do data communication with IBM compatible personal computer. h) DOT MATRIX LED: To understand & test of dot matrix structure and principle of display itis interfaced to 8255 (PPI). i) A/D CONVERTER: Convert analog signal to digital signal using with ADCO804. j) D/A CONVERTER: Convert digital signal to analog signal using with DACO800 and it is interfaced so as to more Level meter. k) STEPPING MOTOR INTER FACE: So as to control stepping motor driver circuit of stepping motor is interfaced. 1) POWER: AC 110~220V, DC +5V 3A, +12V 1A, -12V 0.5A SMPS. 1.3 Memory map: ADDRESS: MEMORY DESCRIPTION 00000H ~ OFFFFH RAM | PROGRAM & DATA MEMORY FO000H ~ FFFFFH ROM __| MONITOR ROM 10000H ~ EFFFFH_ | USER'S RANGE Figure 1.2: Memory map. 14 WO address map: ADDRESS VO PORT DESCRIPTION OOH ~ 07H LCD & LCD Display KEYBOARD 00H : INSTRUCTION REGISTER 02H : STATUS REGISTER 04H : DATA REGISTER KEYBOARD 01H : KEYBOARD REGISTER (Only read) 01H : KEYBOARD FLAG (Only write) OSH ~ OFH | 8251 / 8253 | 8251(Using to data communication) OSH : DATA REGISTER OAH : INSTRUCTION / STATUS REGISTER 8253(TIMER/COUNTER) 09H : TIMER 0 REGISTER OBH : TIMER 1 REGISTER ODH : TIMER 2 REGISTER OFH_ : CONTROL REGISTER Page 2|11 Scanned with CamScanner10H ~ 1 8259/SPEAKER 8259(Intermupt controller) 10H : COMMAND REGISTER 12H : DATA REGISTER SPEAKER > 11H : SPEAKER 18H ~ FH 825SA-CS1/ 8255A-CS2 825SA-CSI(DOT & ADC INTERFACE) 18H : A PORT DATA REGISTER 1AH : B PORT DATA REGISTER 1CH : C PORT CONTROL REGISTER $255-CS2(LED & STEPPING MOTOR) 19H : A PORT DATA REGISTER 1BH : B PORT DATA REGISTER DH : C PORT CONTROL REGISTER FH : CONTROL REGISTER 20H ~ 2FH VO EXTEND CONNECTOR 30H_~ FFH USER'S RANGE Figure 1. 1.5 Kind and Function of Key: MDA-8086 has high performance 6 function, After power is on, the monitor VO address map. 4K-byte monitor program. It is designed for easy r begins to work. In addition to all the key function the monitor has a memory checking routine, FUNCTION KEY DATA KEY RES | [se] fe] PE] +] [eee] [se ] [> ] [4 ] fe valle lis] fe] 03) wlfPelii lie iE Figure 1.4: Keypad The functions of the keys are given below: system reset set memory address Update sezment & Offset and input data to memory Offer Segment & Offset +1 incr Renister display increment Register display decrement. execute user's program, a sinale step 20 fo user's program or execute monitor funetions Immediately break user's program MON and Non makable interrupt Register Display Segment & OfiSet -1 increment Page 3/11 Scanned with CamScanner1.6 Basic Operation MDA-8086 can operate in two modes. (a) Machine Code Mode (b) Serial Monitor Mode In machine code mode, user can load instructions/ program directly by keypad and can observe the contents of different registers in LCD. On the other hand, user can load instruction/program from computer via serial port in Serial Monitor Mode. Ona power-up, following message will be displayed on a LCD. MDA-8086 Kit ! ! Serial monitor! Midas 2109-5964 Or Midas 2109-5964 Figure 1.5: Power on monitor To use “Machine Code” mode, move jumper P| which located on the PCB like this. MODE MODE wr 7 ae : Whenever RES is pressed, the display becomes Figure 5 and user can operate keyboard only in this situation, 1.7 Finding the content of a memory address Ao HEXA-DIGIT KEY: Substitute to segment & offset address, Page 4|i1 Scanned with CamScannerExample 1: Check the contents in memory. KEY LeD ra Seg. Oset data 00001000 FF T T y Input data offset (The contents of memory 0000:1000 (Cit may be different)) F Seg. Oset data 000F 1000__—sFF T T 1 Input data offset (The contents of memory 000F:1000 (Cit may be different)) e Seg. Oset data LJ OOFO 1000 ‘FF T T Topat data ottst [The contents of memory 00FO:1000 (Cit may be different)) a Seg. Oset data OFOO _1000__—~*FF T T T Input data offset [The contents of memory OFO0:1000 (Ht may be different)) a Seg. Oset data FOO0__1000__‘FF T T Y Input data offset (The contents of memory F000:1000 (Cit may be different)) Seg. Oset dat F000 __1000! FF ¢ T 1 segment offset [The contents of memory FO00:1000 Cit may be ditfereat)] a Seg. Oset date F000 0000_FF + ‘ J Input data offset (The contents of memory F000:0000] Page S|11 Scanned with CamScannerExample-2: Increment and decrement to segment & offset address. KEY: Increment and decrement to segment & offset address. AD KEY Le ‘Seg. Oset date 00001000 FF T T 1 Input data offset (The contents of memory 00001000 (it may be different)) Example 3: Display the register contents. Fe! KEY RES Seg. 001, Oset date 1000__FF T segment +1 increment 4 [The contents of memory 0001:1000 Cit may be differed] Seg. 0002 Oset data 1000__-FF : 4 segment +1 increment (The contents of memory (0002:1000( it may be different) Seg. Oset data 000 __1000__—~FF Mi 4 segment -1 increment (The contents of memory (0001:1000 ( It may be different] KEY: Display to register contents LeD Current register contents. Page 6|11 Scanned with CamScanner1.8 Architecture of 8086 microprocessors: Figure 1.6: Architecture of 8086 microprocessors. ‘The architecture of 8086 microprocessors is divided into two independent functional parts: (a) The Bus interface unit (BIU) (b) Execution Unit (EU) Funetions of EU * Itcontains control circuitry which directs internal operations, ‘© A decoder in EU decodes instructions * The EU has a 16 bit ALU which can add, subtract, AND, OR, XOR, increment, decrement, complement or shift binary numbers. Functions of BIU * To fetch instructions © To read data from memory and ports ‘© To write data to memory and I/O ports. + To interface the 8086 to the outside world * To provide all external bus operations 8086 Register Set EU Register: The EU has nine 16 bit registers AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, SI, DI and Flag Register. The 16 bit general registers AX, BX, CX, DX can be considered as 8 bit registers (AH, AL; BH, BL; CH, CL; DH, DL) Page 7| 11 Scanned with CamScannerBIU Registers: Segment Registers: ES, CS, SS, DS and Instruction Pointer: IP Segment Registers and respective offset registers Segment Offset Special Purpose cs IP Instruction address os BX, DI, SI, an 8-bit number Data address ora 16-bit number ES 1 for string instructions String destination address Ea FLAGS: Flags oe =a |e) ‘Stack pointer Base pointer Source index Figure 1.7: All registers in 8086 microprocessors Questions: a) What is microprocessor? What is the purpose of microprocessor in digital system? b) Define the terms: microprocessor, microcomputer and microcontroller. ©) Is MDA-8086 a microprocessor or microcontroller? Justify your answer by definition, 4d) Which memory of MDA-8086 stores user program and data? ©) Write down the features of MDA-8086, f) What is register? What is the purpose of registers inside microprocessor? Page 8|11 Scanned with CamScannerQuiz: Question 1. What is the purpose of RS-232C in MDA-8086 trainer kit? (a) to do data communication with A/D converter (b) to do data communication with IBM compatible personal computer (©) todo data communication with Matrix Display (@) todo data communication with D/A converter Question 2. The key board used in MDA-8086 kit has 16 hexadecimal keys and 8 functional keys. (a) True (b) False Question 3. ‘What is the function of key shown in figure below? (a) Set memory address (b) Offset set (©) Execute user's program in single step (@) Set parity flag Question 4. Match the following keys with their functions: AD Update segment & offset and input data to memor DA set memory address MON Non-mask able interrupt Offset Set Question 5. MDA-8086 can operate in three modes: machine code, serial monitor and auto capture mode. (a) True (b) False Question 6. Which of the following formulas is used to obtained Physical address? (@) Segment x10 + Offset (>) Segment + Offset +10 © Offset x10+ Segment @ (Segment + Offset)x10 Page Q|i1 Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 7. CPU of MDA-8086 has a clock frequency of ~ (a) 4.9152 GHz (b) 2.5191 GHz (©) 4.9152 MHz @) ——-2.5191GHz Question 8. ROM has the program to control- (@) User's key input (b) LCD display (©) Dot matrix display (@)— Data communication program (©) 7-segment display (0) User's program Question 9. SRAM means Systems Random Access Memory. @ Te (b) False Question 10, User program in MDA- 8086 is stored in (@ ROM (b) SRAM (©) DRAM (@) Hard Disk Question 11. Which one is the size of SRAM? (a) 64 Kbyte (b) 32 Kbyte ©) 64Kbit (@) 32 Kbit Question 12. Which option indicates the range of SRAM? (a) F0000~-FFFFFH (>) OFFFF~F0000H (©) 00000~OFFFFH @ None of this Page 10|11 Scanned with CamScannerQuestion 13. Which is not exist in MDA-8086 trainer board? (@) Speaker (&) A/D Converter (©) Graphic Display (@ Stepper Motor Interface Question 14. Match the following memory with their respective range of address. 00000H~OFFFFH SRAM 10000H~EFFFFH ROM. FO000H~FFFFFH User's Range Question 15. Which are not the internal part of 8086 microprocessors? (@) ALU (b) Flag Resister (c) RAM (d)ROM (e) Instruction Queue Question 16. Which of following are 8- bit register? (a) DS (b) AH (©) Flag Register (@)DL Question 17. Which register hold the offset address of code segment? (a IP (b) AX (©) SP (@) BP (DI Page 11|41 Scanned with CamScanner