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Linearity and Superposition in Circuits

The document discusses three key concepts in circuit analysis: 1. Linearity property - the output of a circuit varies linearly with the input. This allows circuits to be analyzed using superposition. 2. Superposition theorem - the response of a linear circuit to multiple sources can be found by analyzing each source independently and summing the responses. 3. Source transformation - a voltage source in series with a resistor can be replaced with a current source in parallel with the same resistor, and vice versa, to simplify circuit analysis problems. Examples and practice problems are provided to illustrate applying these concepts.

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Tomashita Arenas
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1K views16 pages

Linearity and Superposition in Circuits

The document discusses three key concepts in circuit analysis: 1. Linearity property - the output of a circuit varies linearly with the input. This allows circuits to be analyzed using superposition. 2. Superposition theorem - the response of a linear circuit to multiple sources can be found by analyzing each source independently and summing the responses. 3. Source transformation - a voltage source in series with a resistor can be replaced with a current source in parallel with the same resistor, and vice versa, to simplify circuit analysis problems. Examples and practice problems are provided to illustrate applying these concepts.

Uploaded by

Tomashita Arenas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Methods of Analysis

Prepared by:
Engr. Tomashita P. Arenas
LINEARITY PROPERTY
➢the property of an element describing a linear relationship
between cause and effect.
➢Ohm’s law relates the input i to the output v,
v = iR
➢A linear circuit is one whose output is linearly related (or directly
proportional) to its input.
➢ If the current is increased by a constant k, then the voltage
increases correspondingly by k, that is,

➢ The additivity property requires that the response to a sum of


inputs is the sum of the responses to each input applied separately.

2
Examples
For the circuit , find io when vs = 12 V and vs =24 V.

Solution:
Examples
Assume Io = 1 A and use linearity to find the
actual value of Io in the circuit

Solution:
Practice Problems
1. For the circuit, find vo when is = 15 and
is = 30 A.

2. Assume that Vo = 1 V and use linearity


to calculate the actual value of Vo in the
circuit.
Superposition Theorem
➢The response (current or voltage) in a linear network at any
point due to multiple sources (current and/or emf) (including
linear dependent sources),
➢can be calculated by summing the effects of each source
considered separately,
➢all other sources “turned OFF” or “made inoperative”.

➢The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or


current through) element in a linear circuit is the algebraic
sum of the voltages across (or currents through) that element
due to each independent source acting alone.
“Turning off” the sources
Examples
Use the superposition theorem to find v in the
circuit

Solution:
Examples
Find io in the circuit in using superposition.

Solution:
Examples
For the circuit , use the superposition
theorem to find i.

Solution:
Practice Problems

Use superposition to find vx in the circuit

Find i in the circuit using the superposition


principle.
SOURCE TRANSFORMATION

➢ another tool for simplifying circuits.

➢ A source transformation is the process of replacing a voltage


source vs in series with a resistor R by a current source is in parallel
with a resistor R, or vice versa.
Examples
Use source transformation to find vo in the
circuit

Solution:
Examples
Find vx 4 Ω in using source transformation.

Solution:
Practice Problems
Find io in the circuit using source
transformation.

Use source transformation to find ix in the


circuit

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