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Ship stability is a vessel’s capacity to float in an upright position. If in any case that it is being
inclined under the influence of an external force, it is the ability to return to its initial position after
the external force has stopped acting. Stability of a ship can be determined by the combined weight
of equipment, hull, load, and fuel, as well as the force of buoyancy of the underwater parts of a ship.
Ship's stability is one of the major concerns of maritime industry. Due to its significance, it is
governed by both maritime legislations, regulations, and codes. There is always a correlation
between ship’ stability and safety of ship and safety of navigation. Loss of ship's stability is
presented as a threat to safety of navigation.
During a ship’s voyage, passengers and cargoes such as grains, wood, vehicles, and essential oil are
being transported from one port to another. These cargoes may cost millions to billions in monetary
value, whereas people’s life is invaluable. Given this fact, there is really a necessity for the ship to have a
safe journey. Nonetheless, it is inevitable that along its way to a port, ship would encounter travails that
would surely result in various ship motion, trim, and list. Environmental factors such as rough weather
conditions, rogue waves, and gusts could potentially tilt the ship at a very low angle. If the ship has little
to no stability, it won’t be able to upright itself. To minimize and mitigate the negative impact of these
factors and to prevent the ship from capsizing, a vessel must have stability.
Actyally, there are 3 types of sytability: stable equikibrdium, neutral equalibrium, and
As the ship travels, it has to traverse different types of wave that vary in height such as smooth (0.1
to 0.5 metre), slight (0.5 to 1.25 metres), moderate (1.25 to 2.5 metres) and rough (2.5 to 4 metres).