TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Libali-8, Bhaktapur, Nepal
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
PROJECT SUPERVISOR:
Er. Chandra Kiran Kawan
PROJECT MEMBERS:
Rupesh Sapkota (KCE074BCE064)
Shrawan Tandukar (KCE074BCE077)
Suman Sunar (KCE074BCE086)
Sushrut Gautam (KCE074BCE089)
Yubraj Pudasaini (KCE074BCE096)
June 12, 2022
Preliminary Design
It is necessary to know the approximate section of the structure for the detail
analysis. The section should be provided initially while analyzing in almost all
software. Only Dead load and Live load are considered during the preliminary
design. Preliminary design is carried out to estimate approximate size of the
structural members before analysis of structure.
5.1 Preliminary design of slab
Slab ID: CD-34
Longer clear span (Ly) = 25’3” = 7696.2mm
Shorter clear span (Lx) = 16’9” = 5105.4mm
Ratio of longer to shorter span (Ly/Lx) = 7696.2/5105.4 = 1.507 < 2
So, two-way slab is to be designed.
From IS 456:2000, clause 23.2.1, for effective depth of the slab,
L/d ≤
where, = 26 for continuous slab
= 1 (span less than 10m)
= 1.2 (Assuming the tensile steel percentage 0.33%)
= 1 (for rectangular section)
Then,
Lx/d ≤
or, d ≥ 5105.4/(26x1x1.2x1)
∴ d ≥ 163.64mm > 150mm
So, we need to provide a secondary beam since d > 150mm.
Dividing longest span into two parts.
Here, lx’ = Ly/2 = 7696.2/2 = 3848.1mm
Ratio of longer to shorter span = 5105.4/3848.1 = 1.327 < 2
So, two-way slab is to be designed.
Then,
lx’/d ≤
or, d ≥ 3848.1/(26x1x1.2x1)
∴ d ≥ 123.34mm ≤ 150mm (Ok)
Adopt d = 125mm and provide effective cover of 25mm.
Overall thickness of slab = 125 + 25 = 150mm
Thus, the depth of slab is taken as 150mm.
5.2 Preliminary design of beam
a. For Primary Beam
Beam ID: CD-3
Span of longest beam (L) = 25’3” = 7696.2mm
From IS 456:2000, clause 23.2.1, for effective depth of beam,
L/d ≤
where, = 26 for continuous beam
= 1 (span less than 10m)
= 1.2 (Assuming the tensile steel percentage 0.33%)
= 1 (for no flanged beams)
Then,
L/d ≤
or, d ≥ 7696.2/(26x1x1.2x1)
∴ d ≥ 246.67mm
Also,
d = L/15 to L/12
d = 7696.2/12 = 641.35mm
Providing effective cover of 50mm, provide overall depth of beam (D) = 700mm
And, width of beam (b) = 0.5D to 0.667D
= 0.5x700 to 0.667x700
= 350 to 467 mm
Adopt b = 400mm
Thus, the size of primary beam is taken as 700mm x 400mm
b. For Secondary Beam
Span of secondary beam (L) = 16’9” = 5105.4mm
d = L/15 to L/12
d = 5105.4/15 = 340.36mm
Providing effective cover of 50mm, provide overall depth of beam (D) = 400mm
And, width of beam (b) = 0.5D to 0.667D
= 0.5x400 to 0.667x400
= 200 to 267 mm
Adopt b = 250mm
Thus, the size of secondary beam is taken as 400mm x 250mm
5.3 Preliminary design of column
Column ID: C3
Length of column (L) = 3.2m
From Table 28 of Is 456:2000,
Effective length of column (leff) = 0.65L = 0.65 x 3.2 = 2.08m
Area influenced by column = 369.1875 ft2 = 34.30 m2
Size of primary beam = 700mm x 400mm
Size of secondary beam = 400mm x 250mm
Size of slab = 150mm
Considering M25 grade of concrete and Fe500 grade of steel.
Thickness of wall: 230mm for main wall and 130mm for partition wall.
From IS 875: Part I and Part II
Imposed Load = 4 kN/m²
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of Brick masonry wall = 19.2 kN/m3
Unit weight of Partition wall = 1.5 kN/m²
Unit weight of Plaster = 0.24 kN/m2
Unit weight of Floor finish = 0.5 kN/m2
Dead Load Calculation
1. Self-weight of slab = 25 x 0.15 x 34.30 = 128.625 kN
2. Self-weight of partition wall = 1.5 x 34.30 = 51.45 kN
3. Self-weight of floor finish = 0.5 x 34.30 = 17.15 kN
4. Self-weight of ceiling plaster = 0.24 x 34.30 = 8.232 kN
5. Self-weight of beam = 25 x (0.7-0.15) x 0.4 x (5.0292 + 6.8199) + 25 x
{(0.4 - 0.15) x 0.25 x 5.0292 x 2} = 80.886 kN
6. Wall Load (Assuming 30% opening) = 19.2 x (3.2 – 0.7) x {(3.429 +
1.3843) x 0.13 + (2.7305 + 0.7 x 2.9083) x 0.23} = 82.655 kN
7. Self-weight of column = 25 x (3.2 – 0.7) x Ag x 10-6 kN = 6.25x10-5
Where, Ag is area of column in mm2.
Total Dead load = 11 x (128.625 + 8.232 + 80.886 + 6.25x10 -5 Ag) + 10 x
(51.45 + 17.15 + 82.655) = (3907.723 + 6.875x10-4 Ag) kN
= (3907.723 x 103 + 0.6875 Ag) N
Live Load Calculation
From Cl. 3.2.1 of IS 875: Part II
Total Imposed Load = 4 x 34.30 x (1 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.7 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.6
+ 0.6 + 0.6 +0.5) = 1029 kN = 1029 x 103 N
Total Load (P) = (3907.723 x 103 + 0.6875 Ag) + (1029 x 103)
= (4936.723 x 103 + 0.6875 Ag) N
For Design Load, Adopting FOS of 1.5 and adding 30% for earthquake
consideration.
Design Load (Pu) = 1.5 x 1.3 x P
= 1.95 x (4936.723 x 103 + 0.6875 Ag)
= (9626.61 x 103 + 1.3406 Ag) N
Assuming axially loaded short column, From Cl. 39.3 of IS 456:2000.
Pu = 0.4×fck×Ac + 0.67×fy×Asc
Let us provide 4% of steel,
Asc = 4% of Ag
Then, Ac = Ag – Asc = Ag – 0.04Ag
∴ Ac = 0.96Ag
Now,
9626.61 x 103 + 1.3406 Ag = 0.4×25×0.96×Ag + 0.67×500×0.04×Ag
∴ Ag = 444454.14 mm2
Providing Square Column,
Cross sectional length of column (b) = (444454.14)1/2 = 666.67mm
Adopt b = 700mm
Check for short column:
From Cl.25.1.2 of IS 456:2000
leff/b = 2080/700 = 2.971 < 12 (Ok)
Thus, the size of column is taken as 700mm x 700mm
