The Correlation between Students’ Habit in Watching

Western-Movie and Listening Skill

Muhammad Fajar Sudrajat1, Abdul Ngafif2, Edi Sunjayanto Masykuri3.

{sudrajar12@gmail.com1, abdulngafif@gmail.com2, esunjayanto@gmail.com3}

English Language Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo1,2.3

Abstract: This research attempts to analyze whether or not there is a positive and significant correlation
between students’ habit in watching Western-movie and listening skill. The population of this research is
the sixth semester students of English Language Education of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo,
with the total number of sample 31 students. This research uses quantitative correlation design. The
instruments used are questionnaire and listening test. Based on the computation manually and using
SPSS 25.0, the coefficient correlation score is 0.845, and after being compared with r table with degree
of significance 5% (0.355), it can be inferred that robtained is higher than rtable ( ro  rt ) that is 0.845
> 0.355. Based on the interpretation table proposed by Sugiyono, that score belongs to the very high
correlation.

Keywords: Listening skill, Habit, Western-movie

1. INTRODUCTION

Language has an important role in human especially to communicate one another.

They have learned to communicate since they were in childhood by using verbal and non-
verbal. Verbal communication is communication which is using sounds and words to transfer
information such as speaking and writing. While non-verbal communication is communication
that does not involve words but using signal to transfer information, such as facial expression,
eye contact, and gesture. It is important for human being to communicate because it will
provide information. Furthermore, in modern people communicate easily without limitation in
time and space, for example by using Whatsapp or E-mail. In this case, the role of the
international language is very important because every country has its own language. That is
the reason why the international language is needed as a lingua franca.
English as international language plays an important role. For instance, in small
things like instruction book in electronics, and medical drugs are written in English. Also,
English is the language of the internet. It is very important for students in case they are trying
to find information. In fact, English is the most common second language in the world. By
mastering English, it will open many job opportunities for students in the future. Moreover,
many companies employ someone mastered English.
In learning language, there are four skills that need to be mastered. These four skills
are listening skill, reading skill, writing skill, and speaking skill. Among those skills, listening
skill seems an important skill. This skill has an important part in learning and teaching English
because this skill also improves vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar at the same time.
Moreover, listening is the skill that mostly used in daily activities. If a student has good
listening skill, then the other skills will follow as well.

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 Listening is the very first skill in learning language. Like babies while learning
language. they start to listen to the language that spoken by their parents, then they will begin
to mimic (membeo) everything that their parents say, and finally they can read and write.
There is no difference when people learning English as foreign language. Another reason is
important because listening helps students acquire detailed comprehension. According to
Asemota [1], it assists students approach a foreign language with greater confidence and
expectation of success. In learning English people usually go through some sequences. First
people learn to listen to language, then start to speak, read, and write. Based on that statement,
listening becomes an important part to open all skills that need to be mastered in learning
language.
Nushi and Orouji [2] say anxiety, stress, loss or lack of confidence were at the
affective factors that interfered with the listening comprehension process. Another problem
that face by students in listening courses is they do not understand what the speaker says in
tape and they cannot follow native speaker speech. They need to listen it more than once in
order to understand the conversation. It happens because they are not familiar with English
accent, expressions, idiom, and slang phrases.
One of the most efficient and fun way to improve listening skill is by watching
Western-movies. Movies are more useful for the second or foreign language learners as they
not only give entertainment but also used as more valuable teaching tools to teach English in a
natural way, Rao [3]. The students’ can improve their vocabulary by reading the subtitles, they
can hear the pronunciation from the characters conversation, they also can learn about foreign
culture, moreover they can feel relaxed while they are learning. According to Ying and Hai-
feng [4], by watching movies, the students’ know the differences between American and
English pronunciation at the same time and learn fluent and idiomatic English. Watching
Western-movies frequently will increase students’ listening skill because the often they watch
Western-movies, the more they become familiar with English. This happen because when they
are watching Western-movie, they are trying to listen and to understand the conversation
carefully. The researchers also find the audio visual media which can stimulate the learner in
ELT, one of the study about comic multimedia [5], movie to learn pragmatics [6], and audio
visual based on smartphone [7].
Based on the explanation above, the researchers want to find out whether or not there
is a positive and significant correlation between students habit in watching Western-movies
and their listening skill at the sixth semester students of English Language Education of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo in the academic year of 2019/2020.

2. THE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2.1 Theory of Habit
a. Habit
According to Neal et al [8], habits can be defined as psychological
dispositions to repeat past behavior. They are acquired gradually as people
repeatedly respond in a recurring context. Furthermore, Fiorella[9], says habits are
behavioral tendencies tied to specific contexts, such as time of day, location, the
presence of particular people, preceding actions, or even one’s mood. A habit is
formed by repeatedly doing the same sort of thing in certain circumstances, initially
on the basis of conscious thought and deliberation, but the thought, attention and
concomitant sense of effort, Douskos [10].

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 From those definitions above, the researchers conclude that habit is a
behavior tendencies that is acquired by repeatedly doing the same sort of thing in
certain circumstancess, such as action, location, presence of particular people.

b. Habit and Habitual

According to Chen et al [11], habit is a routine of behavior that is repeated
regularly and tends to occur unconsciously. From the viewpoint of psychologists,
habit is understood as a more or less fixed way of thinking, willing, or feeling
acquired through previous repetition of mental experience. While habitual routine
or script exists when a group repeatedly exhibits a functionally similar pattern of
behavior in a given stimulus situation without explicitly selecting it over alternative
ways of behaving. Habitual actions are reflexive, elicited by antecedent stimuli
rather than their consequences. If people engage in goal directed behaviors on a
routine basis, it may become habitual. A habit may initially be triggered by a goal,
but over time that goal becomes less necessary and the habit becomes more
automatic. Furthermore, Orbell and Verplanken [12], say habit is behavior that is
frequently repeated, has acquired a high degree of automaticity,and is cued in stable
contexts. While habitual behavior is also proposed to be a form of automaticity,
which is triggered by situational cues and thus can be enacted with little conscious
awareness.

2.2 Theory of Western-movie

According to Moraglio [13], westerns embedded nature and the landscape as
an essential part of their narrative. The (male) hero goes on a ride into nature as a
metaphor for the escape from urban oppression into the freedom of self-discovery,
an escape from (urban and rigid) societal norms. Moreover, Gale [14] says that
“western” in general terms is an essentially narrative film which embodied the
struggles experienced in establishing new frontiers in the movement of peoples
from east to west across the American continent in the 18th and 19th centuries.

a. The Adventages of Watching Movies

Thammineni [15] says that there are some benefits in watching movies,
those are as follows:
1. Listening skills:
The learners English being used in a very natural way. Some parts may be
spoken too fast for the learners to understand but it will be a perfect way for
the learner to get used to hearing native speakers talk to each other. The
learbers will also hear English and slag words and phrases that they often do
not find in books or dictionaries.

2. Speaking skills
Hearing natives speak will also help learners speaking skills, especially
fluency. The learners hear how to link words together and where to put
intonation on certain words and sentences. Watching films with the peer
group and speak about them afterwards or the learners could even find

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 movie scripts online and act out scenes with their friends in language class
room shall yield good results in giving opportunity to develop speaking
skills.
3. Pronunciation
English pronunciation is extremely difficult and when the learners read
words it is hard to know how they should be said. Hearing native English
speakers’ talk to each other will help to hear how words are pronounced. If
the learners are using English subtitles, they will also be able to see how the
words are written.
4. Vocabulary
By watching English movies, the learners hear many new words and
phrases, especially idioms and colloquial expressions. Writing down any
new words or phrases those are heard while watching movie or remembering
them for ready use of them in our conversations is a worthy experience. If
they don’t understand a few new words, it also gives them an opportunity to
refer to the dictionary for the meaning of them.
5. Put knowledge into practice
In English classes learners learn a lot of vocabulary and grammar but they
may not know how to use it in real life. Watching English films will help
them understand how to use all the learnt knowledge in everyday situations.

3. Theory of Listening
According to Gilakjani and Sabouri [16], listening is a process of receiving
what the speaker says, making and showing meaning, negotiating meaning with the
speaker and answering, and creating meaning by participation, creativity, and
empathy. Dehaki [17] says that listening comprehension is the psychomotor process
of receiving sound waves through the ear and transmitting nerve impulses to the
brain. But that is just the beginning of what is clearly an interactive process as the
brain acts on the impulses, bringing to bear a number of different cognitive and
affective mechanisms.

3.1 Distinction Between Listening and Hearing

According to Zahoor et al [18], listening and hearing are two terms, which
are over and over again puzzled. So,‘‘hearing’’ can be differentiated from listening
on the reason that it is scientific & biological system which is systematically
elucidated. On the other hand, listening is considered as a ‘‘cognitive neurological
activity’’ that deals with the dispensation of acoustic spur and received through
aural system. Furthermore, Hans [19] says that hearing refers to the sounds that you
hear, whereas listening requires more than that: it requires focus. Listening means
paying attention not only to the story, but how it is told, the use of language and
voice, and how the other person uses his or her body. In other words, it means being
aware of both verbal and non-verbal messages.
From the statements above, the researchers conclude that the main
difference between hearing and listening is that hearing is perception of sound that
occurs passively through the ear and systematically elucidated. On the other hand
listening is an active skill that requires focus in hearing a sound of the words that
are used in oral language or body language.

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 3.2 Process of Lisstening
According to Tyagi [20], the process of listening occur in five stages. They
are receiving, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding:
a. Receiving
It is referred to the response caused by sound waves stimulating the
sensory receptors of the ear, it is physical response; hearing is perception
of sound waves.
b. Understanding
For successful interpersonal communication, the listener must understand
the intended meaning and the context assumed by the sender.
c. Remembering
Remembering is important in listening process because it means that an
individual has not only received and interpreted a massage, but has also
added it to the mind’s storage bank.
d. Evaluating
Only active listeners participate at this stage in listening at this point. The
active listener weighs evidence, sorts fact from opinion, and determines the
presence or absence of bias or prejudice in a massage.
e. Responding
This stage requires that the receiver complete the process through verbal
and/or nonverbal feedback, because the speaker has no other way to
determine if a massage has been received.

4. RESEARCH METHOD
4.1 Research Design
As it has been written before that the title of the research is “The Correlation
Between Students Habit in Watching Western-movies and Listening Skill, the
researchers found some characteristics of the research as follows. The word
correlation on the title indicates that this research is using correlation design and
based on the relationship between variables, this research can be said as quantitative
research.
From the characteristics above, the concludes that his research belonged to
quantitative correlational research.

4.2 Subject of the Research

The subject of this research is from the sixth semester students’ of English
Language Education Program of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo. The
researchers took Class A and B students’ as the subject of this research. There were
16 students’ as respondent in class B, and 15 students’ as respondent in class A.

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 4.3 Research Instrument

In this research, the researchers use two methods in collecting the data,
they are questionnaire and listening test.
a. Questionnaire
The researchers use a closed-ended questionnaire to collect the
data and measure the students’ habit in watching Western-movies.
The form of questionnaire is multiple choices and it consists of 12
statements with the alternative answer were Selalu (always), Sering
(often), Jarang (seldom), Tidak Pernah (never).
The scoring technique of the questionnaire option is already
coded. The option Selalu has 4 points, Sering has 3 points, Jarang
has 2 points,and Tidak Pernah has 1 points.
b. Listening Test
The second instrument is listening test, with the total number
of the listening question is 25 with 4 options in each question: A, B,
C, and D.

4.4 Data Collection Technique

The data was collected on 16th May 2020. Due to Corona Pandemic, in
collecting the data, the researchers sent the questionnaire in form of document
and listening test in form of MP3 to the students through WhatsApp. The
researchers gave them 10 minutes to fill the questionnaire form and 28 minutes
to answer the listening test in the answer sheet. In scoring the listening test, the
researchers summed-up the correct answers and multiplied into 4.

5. FINDINGS

5.1 Descriptive Analysis

Sum Max Min Range Mean Med Mode Std. Var

Dev
Habit 1072 45 26 19 34.58 34 34 4.311 18.585

Listening 2164 92 52 40 69.81 68 72 9.735 94.761

Achv

From the table above, it can be seen that the total score of questionnaires is
1072, with Highest score is 45, while the lowest score is 26, and the range is 19,
the mean is 34.58, the median is 34, the mode is 34. The researchers also found
the standard deviation and variance score which are the standard deviation score
is 4.3, and the variance score is 18.585.
The data on the students’ listening test also can be seen on the table above.
In listening test there were 31 students’ as respondent with the total score is

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 2164, the highest score is 92, the lowest score is 52, the mean is 69.81, the
median is 68, and the mode is 72. From the data in listening test, the researchers
try to find the standard deviation and variance score. The result from the
computation, the standard deviation is 9.735, and the variance score is 94.761.
The table below is the summary of the data above.
5.2 Inferential Analysis

a. Test of Normality
Listening
Watching w-movies Achievement
habit
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .134 .063

Based on the computation from SPSS 25, the result of the Asymp. Sig.
(2-tailed) of students’ habit in watching w-movies is 0.134 and listening
achievement value is 0.063. Because both of the data were higher than 0.05,
so it can be concluded that the data have normal distribution.

b. Test of Hypothesis
After knowing the data distribution is normal, the next step is to
conduct the test of hypothesis in order to find out whether or not if there is a
positive and significant correlation between students’ habit in watching
Western-movies and listening skill.
The researchers used 5% level of significance in this study. It means that
there is 95% level of confident and 5% level of fault besides the truth of
conclusion. By employing total of respondent (N) = 31 with the degree of
freedom 5%, the researchers find that the rtable is 0.355. The researchers use
the correlation analysis which is Pearson Product Moment Formula to
calculate them.

1. Manual Computation using the formula as follows :

n XY − (  X )(  Y )
rxy =
n X 2
− ( X )
2
n Y 2
− (Y )
2

rxy =
( 2.352.776) − ( 2.139.808)
17.28488.128
32.968
rxy =
17.28488.128

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 32.968
rxy =
39.028

rxy = 0.845

The result of the manual computation and SPSS computation is find that
the correlation product moment (r-value) is 0.845 and it is higher than rtable
0.355. It means that the alternative hypothesis (H₁) is accepted and the null
hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. The researchers concluded that there is a positive
and significance correlation between students’ habit in watching Western-
movies and their listening skill. Because the correlation coefficient at the
level 0.800 – 1.000, so it is catehorized as very high correlation.

6. DISCUSSION
a. Students’ Habit in Watching Western-movie
The total score on the questionnaire is 1072, with the highest score that
achieved by the respondent is 45, while the lowest score that achieved by respondent
is 26, and the mean score is 34.58. Based on the questionnaire table interval, that
score is include between 31 – 35. It indicates that the sixth-semester students of
English Language Education of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo sometimes
watch Western-movie to fill their spare time. From 31 respondents in this research
48% of them sometimes watch Western-movie, 23% often watch Western-movie,
19% seldom watch Western-movie, and 10% very often watch Western-movie.
b. Student’ Listening Skill
Based on the table 4.4. The total score on the listening test is 2164, with the
highest score that achieved by the respondent is 92, while the lowest score that
achieved by respondent is 52, and the mean score is 69.81. Based on the listening
achievement table interval, that score is include between 66 – 79. It indicates that the
sixth-semester students’ of English Language Education of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Purworejo have a good achievements on their listening skill. From
31 respondents in this research there are 6 students’ or 19% include in excellent
category, 15 students’ or 48% include in good category, 8 students’ or 26% include in
sufficient category, 2 students’ or 6% include in fairly sufficient category, and there
is no student that include in the poor category.
c. Correlation
Based on the result of data analyzes that have been computing using is
Pearson Product Moment, it shows that the core of coefficient correlation (r-value) is
0.845. based on interpretation table, that score include in the very high correlation.
With the coefficient correlation score is higher than the score of rtable, it means that
the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, while the null hypothesis (ho) is rejected.
In other word, there is very high positive and significance correlation between
students’ habit in watching Western-movies and listening skill. This research
indicates that the respondents’ habit in watching Western-movie can affect their
listening skill.

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7. CONCLUSION
According to the data, it shows that the mean of habit in watching Western-movie is
34.58, with the highest score is 45 and the lowest score is 26. Based on the table 4.2, the
students’ habit in watching Western-movie is categorized as sometimes. While the mean of
listening test that have been conducted by students’ is 69.81, with the highest score is 92 and
the lowest score is 52. Based on the table 4.4, the students’ listening achievement is
categorized as good.
Based on the test of hypothesis, the correlation coefficient value is 0.845, and it is
categorized as a very high correlation based on interpretation on the table 4.11. This value is
included in a positive correlation, so the result is the null hypothesis (ho) is rejected and
alternative hypothesis (ha) is accepted, or in other words there is a positive and significance
correlation between students’ habit in watching Western-movies and listening skill.
In this research shows that there is very high correlation between watching Western-
movie habit and listening skill. So, the students’ who want to improve listening skill, can try to
watch Western-movies frequently in your free time. The researchers hope that students’ when
watching movies not only for having fun and kill time, but also for learning in order to
improve listening skill and understanding in English language.
Even though the researchers want perfection in this study, but the fact that there are
still many shortcomings. Hopefully further researcher can improve this research which is
expected to provide benefits for English learners.

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