CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Name:
Grade /Section/ Strand:
Teacher Josefina Crisanta V. Pontillas Grade Level Eleven (11)
Teaching Date and Time Module 6 Learning Area Introduction to World Religion
& Belief System
Semester / Quarter 1st Semester / 1st Quarter
MODULE 6
DAOIC RELIGION
CONFUCIANISM, TAOSIM SHINTOISM
CONFUCIANISM
Confucianism is a way of life taught by Confucius in the 6th–5th century BC. Sometimes viewed as a philosophy, sometimes as a
religion, Confucianism is perhaps best understood as an all-encompassing humanism that neither denies nor slights Heaven.
Confucianism has been followed by the Chinese for more than two millennia. It has deeply influenced spiritual and political life in
China; its influence has also extended to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. East Asians may profess themselves to be Shintoists, Taoists,
Buddhists, Muslims, or Christians - but seldom do they cease to be Confucians.
FACTS:
Date founded: 6th-5th cent. BC
Place founded: China
Founder: Confucius – Kung Fuzi (551-479 BC)
Adherents: 5-6 million
Confucius, the common name of Confucianism's founder, is a Latinized form of Kung Fuzi meaning “Master Kong”. The terms
"Confucianism" and "Confucian," derived from the Latinized Confucius.
Confucius never meant to establish a new religion; he merely wanted to interpret and revive ancient religion of Zhou dynasty
The core teaching of Confucianism is how to be a “gentleman”. According to Confucianism, a person should follow the moral way
consisting the five virtues.
Focus on relationship and stressed the importance of rituals
LIFE OF CONFUCIUS
Confucius was born in 551 BC in the small feudal state of Lu in what is now Shantung Province. Confucius' ancestors were probably
members of the aristocracy who had become virtual poverty-stricken commoners by the time of his birth. His father died when
Confucius was only three years old. Instructed first by his mother, Confucius then distinguished himself as a passionate learner in
his teens. Confucius had served in minor government posts managing stables and keeping books for granaries before he married a
woman of similar background when he was 19. It is not known who Confucius' teachers were, but his mastery of the six arts—
ritual, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and arithmetic—and his familiarity with the classical traditions, notably poetry
and history, enabled him to start a brilliant teaching career in his 30s. Confucius developed concepts about education, society and
government that he hoped to put into practice in a political career. But his loyalty to the king alienated him from the power
holders of the time, the large Chi families, and his moral rectitude did not sit well with the king's inner circle, who enraptured the
king with sensuous delights. At 56, when he realized that his superiors were uninterested in his policies, Confucius left the country
in an attempt to find another feudal state to which he could render his service. Despite his political frustration he was.
SACRED SCRIPTURES
THE CONFUCIAN CLASSICS
The Book of Changes or I Ching - - collection of texts on divination based on a set of 64 hexagrams that reflect the relationship
between Yin and Yang in nature and society
Book of History or Shanghu - collection of documents and speeches dating from the Later Han Dynasty (23-220 CE)
Book of Poetry or Shijing (Classic of Odes) - collection of 300 poems and songs from the early Chou Dynasty (1027-402 BC)
Classic Rites or Three Li – compilation of ceremonial rituals, administration and social forms of the Zhou
Analects or Lunyu – collection of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his contemporaries written by his followers
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
CONFUCIAN BELIEFS AND DOCTRINE
Belief in Tian – Confucius believe in Tian or heaven and an all encompassing God. He believed that Tian is analogous to moral
order.
Rectification of Names or Zhengming – to return to the ancient Dao, people must play their assigned role in the society. This
helps bring social order by advocating the idea that every person has a particular role at a particular time in life.
Five Relationships include:
1. Ruler-subject
2. Father-son
3. Husband-wife
4. Older-younger brother
5. Friend – friend
Human nature as originally Good or Evil
The five constants or five classical virtues (Wuchang) are the five most significant Confucian ethics which include:
Ren or benevolence – achieved by extending one’s filial love to other human beings and avoiding envy and harm
Yi or righteousness – achieved by having moral disposition to do goo
Li or propriety – achieved by following guide to human relationships
Zhi or knowledge/wisdom – achieved by knowing what is right and wrong
Xin or Fidelity – achieved by keeping one’s word and being faithful; Key to nation building
Filial Piety as an Important Virtue
WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
Book of Rites – records of rituals practice by Chinese for years
FOUR RITES: Coming of Rites, Mourning Rites, Marriage Ceremonies and Sacrificial Rituals
ISSUES: Female Subordination; Authoritarianism; Environmental Ethics
DAOISM/TAOISM
A philosophy which flourished in China during the late bronze age and emphasize humanity’s relationship with nature
Functioned as Philosophy of abandonment and withdrawal from the rampant warfare and social unrest during the Zhou dynasty
The “Dao” is the origin of all being whose essence is nothing
The ultimate goal of Daoists was to conform to the great pattern of nature which is called Dao or “The way”
SYMBOLS
Yin-Yang is the Daoist religious
symbol which is divided into two
swirling parts: one black and other
white, with teardrop-shaped half.
Overall, the Yin and Yang symbol signifies the perfect harmonic balance in the universe. The big circle signifies the Tao (Dao), the
source of existence. The black and white teardrop-shaped halves signify the Yin-qi and Yang-qi know as the primordial feminine and
masculine energies, respectively. The interplay of the two created the manifest world
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Laozi (Lao-tzu), meaning “Old Master”, is believed to have authored the Dao De Jing (Tao te Ching or the Book of the way and its
Power), around 3rd century B.C.E.
He worked as a government archivist but became frustrated with government corruption. He left Chu and was detained at Hanku-
Pass by a gatekeeper named Yin His, who requested him to write a book. Laozi agreeably wrote two chapters about the Dao (way)
and De (individual power), which was later known as Dao De Jing or Laozi.
Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu), another founder of Taoism, believed to have lived from 369 – 286 B.C.E.
Zhuangzi is considered a great philosopher and great writer and wrote the boo also knows as Zhuangzi.
SACRED SCRIPTURES
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
Dao De Jing or The Book of the way and its Power
Daoism’s foundational text
It is a mysterious collection of enigmatic remarks which many find hard to understand
A collection of saying and proverbs, lines from popular songs, and clever maxims coming from various contributors
It is said to have a paradoxical element, where its assertions are contradictory and illogical, yet deeper meaning which can be
understood through intuition and rational thinking.
Book of Chuang Tzu/Zuangzi
It consists of delightful parables, metaphors and poetic passages and its praised for its high literacy value which is divided into
three sections: the Inner Chapters, Outer Chapters and Miscellaneous Chapters
CONCEPTS AND BELIEFS
The Dao
Is the essential concept and creative principle in Daoism, existed before the world; foundation of all being and the way in which
the nature and universe exist.
All things come from it, nourish by it; the origin of heaven and earth; it is distinct from God
Deity/God Dao as the origin of all beings)
Daoism does not have God, instead they believe that universe originated from Dao.
The Dao itself is not God and is not worshipped by the Daoists. Instead, they worship dieties, who are God of particular role; they
traditionally worship Laozi as the, interconnectedness representation of the Dao.
The De
Virtue or the proper adherence to Dao
It encourages inaction in nature and advocates the quiet and passive nature of a person so that the Dao, or the creative principle
in the universe, mat act through them without interference
Non-competition in Emptiness; inaction in nature
For Laozi, the way to happiness is contentment
Wu-Wei
Means no behavior or doing nothing, to do without doing
Considered as the highest form of virtue; emphasize passivity
It is a concept used to negate or limit human action
Cancellation or restriction of human behavior and activities
Advocates “go with the flow” attitude, meaning our actions are in harmony with the natural cycle of universe
Wu Wei brings prosperity, harmony and peace
Yin Yang
The concept of Yin-Yang was articulated by Zhuangzi who states that “Yin is the highest form of freezing while Yang in its highest
form of boiling”. The chilliness comes from heaven while the warmness comes from the earth. The interaction of these two
establishes “he” (harmony), so it gives birth to things.
Yin Yang is an important concept in Daoism which explains Laozi’s methodology that everything contains opposite sides, and each
side depends on the other, which emphasize the concept of dualism, of two halves forming a whole.
Yin Yang emphasizes complementarity, interconnectedness and interdependence
Qi/Chi
Qi refers to the natural energy or life force that sustains living beings. Qi literally means air or vapor
It is the fundamental substance of all living beings which is continuous, energetic and dynamic. Sometimes referred to as material
force or vital force, the foundation of body and life.
Daoists believe that everything is made up of Qi and will eventually return to qi, because of this, people should not be afraid of
death, for life and death are but phases of the circulation of qi. The balance of qi is the key to healthy life and longevity.
WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
Ritual and liturgical expression are important to the Daoist religion. One form of ritual is exorcism, performed in cases of sickness
with the goal of gaining victory over evil spirits.
Incense is also a central aspect in rituals, together with sacrificial offering of sacred writings such as paper charms which contains
prayers of individuals with their names and intentions. Fasting and having a spirit of forgiveness and reconciliation are important
preparations before the rituals.
Meditative Practices – Humility and non-competition are among the most important virtues of Daoism, together with naturalness
or naturalism, as well as non-aggression and passive rule, manifest the fundamental virtue of wu-wei.
Moral Practices – Daoists put emphasis on ethical behavior by incorporating it into their practices. They value the need for moral
life, of good works as well as ritual atonement for misbehavior.
Daoists values: Naturalness – behaving as nature dictates; Naturalism – resisting temptation to meddle with nature; Daoist tend
not to initiate action; disapprove killing, stealing, lying and promiscuity; Promotes Philanthropic, selfless and humane behavior.
ISSUES: Fatalism, Superstition and Urban development
Fatalism – Daoists were criticize for propagating laziness or espousing a fatalistic attitude in life by letting nature takes its course and
just going with the flow
Superstition – drawing of signs, chants, using of incense as a way of communicating with the deities
Urban Development – the dictum “leave nature alone and nature will thrive” is inconsistent with China’s excessive movement toward
urban development
SHINTOISM - WEEK 19 ( JANUARY 18 – 22)
its core teaching is the worship of ancestors and forces of nature to achieve harmony in all dimension
very essence of Japanese devotion to unseen spiritual beings and powers
focused only in Japan, hence an ethnic religion
believes that human beings are basically good and has no concept of original sin
no known founder, no God and may be practices with other religions such as Buddhism and Daoism
Shintoist = followers; 70% of Japanese are adherents of this religion
Around 84M followers
Shinto believes in kami or spirits which is reflected in numerous shrines they have built in honor of the spirits which they believe
can be found in nature. These spirits still guide their lives by giving them good fortune and prosperity
Shrine, reverence to forces of nature and ancestor worship are important aspects in Shintoism
Itsukushima Shrine - most visited place in Japan
SYMBOL Torii Gate – most common symbol
for Shintoism. A sacred gateway
which represents the transition
between world of humans and world
of Gods and Goddessess
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Story of Creation (myth) – there were two kami, Izanagi (male) and Izanami (female). Izanami created the earth and went up to
heaven leaving Izanami here on earth as the queen of the lower world. Amaterasu (the goddess of the sun) came out of Izanagi’s
left eye, while tsukiyomi on the right eye and Susa no-wo no-Mikoto from his nostrils, they are the three great kami of the upper
world.
Amaterasu is the ancestor of the Japanese Imperial Family, with Emperor Jimmu Tenno, Amaterasu’s great Grandson as the first
emperor of Japan.
After the pre-historic period, the kami were gradually associated with local ruling clans
The term Shinto came from “Shentao/Shenado”, shen means divine being or kami and dao means “the way” hence, Shintoism
means “the way of the dao”.
Kami was seen as Buddha manifested in Japan to save all beings.
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
Shintoism persisted even when Confucianism and Buddhism were introduced and became the official religion of Japan
During the reign of Prince Shotoku, he promoted Buddhism but it was just absorbed and mixed with Shintoism
During Meiji restoration, where temples were restored, Shintoism officially separated with Buddhism, thus becoming official state
religion. Japanese then were compelled to participate in Shinto ceremonies as a sign of Patriotism.
It was abolished as a state religion in 1945, but followers continue to increase wit a total number of 80 M adherents as of 1994.
SACRED SCRIPTURES
Kojiki and Nihongi are considered the sacred scriptures on Shinto, although they are not exclusively about Shinto, they also
contain extensive info about Buddhism and Confucianism
These books are compilation of ancient myths and traditional teachings with political as well as moral purpose.
Its political purpose is to establish supremacy of Japan over all countries in the world. Its moral purpose is to explain the
relationship between the kami and human beings by establishing that the Japanese are special people chosen by the kami.
It also emphasized purification as both creative and cleansing act and death is considered as the ultimate impurity.
Kojiki -composed of three books: first is the age of kami, which narrates the mythology, while the second and third discuss the
imperial lineage, narrating the vents concerning imperial family; the third book is concerned mainly with revolts and love stories of
successive rulers intertwined in a song-story format
The three books reflect the establishments of three orders: order of the universe, order of humanity and order of history.
Nihongi – record the descent of the Yamato rulers of Japan from the Gods. It represents political folklores and myths. It is
composed of 30 books, the first two of which discuss the age of kami while the remaining books chronicles the events pertaining
to the rulers of 41st emperor.
The stories of Kojiki and Nihongi provide the Japanese people with a sense of pride, for these scriptures narrate how their rulers
were descended from Gods and how their race descended from gods as well. Some would even interpret that the whole
humanity descended from two deities (Izanagi and Izanami, thereby creating superiority among Japanese people.
BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
Kami worship - Shintoism is a religion which revolves around the belief in and worship of kami or spirits (Izanagi – the sky father;
Izanami – the earth mother; Amaterasu – Sun Goddess, greatest of the kami)
People are basically good and have no concept of original sin
Concept of Pure and Impure – it is important in Shintoism to maintain physical, external and material purity. Blood is regarded as
impure. Women who menstruate as well as women after childbirth are considered impure. They are isolated in “menstruation
houses” called Taya.
Illness are considered sins since they caused unpleasant feelings
Concept of death – death is considered as the worst form of impurity, when a person dies, his body is considered as the most
impure thing. They perform ritual bathing in the river after funeral ceremony. Those who had been in contact with the dead are
prohibited from joining rituals for 30 days.; 7 days after childbirth; 5 days after having contact with dead animals. The mention of
the word “death” is taboo at the great Shrine.
De/Virtue – the way to appease the spirits or kami is through purification. Proper observance of rituals is necessary to purify
oneself and to be deserving of the blessings from the deities. Shintoists value the virtue of beauty, truth, goodness and morality.
Sincerity in everything they do is valued, for it implies pure heart. To achieve this, purity rituals are performed such as rinsing the
mouth, washing the hands, taking a bath, standing under waterfalls, better if these activities are performed at the shrines. Hence
cleanliness is valued to achieve purity.
WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
Shintoism has no weekly service, instead people visit shrines at their own convenience. Proper performances of rites and ceremonies
are important aspect of Shintoism. They hold their rituals at shrines which they believe where spirits or kami abode. Rituals brings
blessings.
Shinto Rites of Passage
1. Hatsumiyamairi (first Shrine Visit) – newborn children are taken by their grandmother to the shrine to seek protection from the
kami; ritual takes place 2nd day after birth for boys and 3rd day for the girls
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
2. Shichi-go-san (Seven-Five-Three) – Festival observed every 15th of November for boys of five years and girls of three and seven
years of age, who visit the shrine to give thanks for the protection provided by the kami and ask for their healthy growth.
3. Adult’s Day (Seijin Shiki) – Observed every 15 th of January by the Japanese who had their 20th birthday the previous year by visiting
the shrine to express their gratitude to the kami (20 is the legal age of adulthood in Japan)
4. Wedding Rites – Patterned after the wedding of Crown Prince Yoshihito and Princess Sado in 1900
5. Funeral Rites – Since death is considered impure, most Japanese funerals are Buddhist in nature; Shintoism’s funeral practices are
called sosai
Ritual Purification (Meditative Practice)
Purification rites
Misogi or Ablutions – the act of washing one’s body part for religious purposes, very ancient ceremonies performed after funeral,
when members of the family go into the water together to cleanse themselves in purification bath. Today, this can be done
privately.
Harai or exorcism – the expulsion of evil spirit from a person or place
Imi or abstention – the act of retraining oneself from indulging in something
After purification rites, they are now ready to participate in the rites of offering and dedication wherein they offer foods to the
deities, followed by a presentation of music and dance, after which a prayer is performed to ask for protection and blessings.
Types of Worship to the Kami
Worship at Home – often place a small altar inside their houses and perform purification, offertory and clapping their hands to the
kami
At Shinto Shrine – a visit to a Shinto Shrine which detaches a worshipper from his or her ordinary environment. Trees in Shinto shrines
have ropes tied to them to signify reverence to the presence of kami
Magical Charms and Amulets – these provides protection and can be even a source of magic
Seasonal Charms –
Seasonal Festivals – Japan celebrates numerous festivals (called matsuri) since every shrine has its own festivals. Some festivals last
for several days, and they are done with processions, with the figure of the local kami carried through dashi or decorated floats,
around town. Great Purification Festival – celebrated in shrines all over Japan every June and December.
SUBDIVISIONS
The Shrine (Jinja) Shinto – is considered the purified/traditional type under which the State and Imperial Shinto belong
The Sect (Kyoha) Shinto – refers to the 13 government organized independent sects formed during 19 th century, focusing on human
welfare in the earthly life
Folk/Popular (Minzoku) Shinto – is the type of Shintoism practiced in local shrines and considered to be more ingrained to the
people’s rite of passage.
Selected Issues: Vehicle for Patriotism; Shrine visits of Prime Ministers
Name:
Grade /Section/ Strand:
Teacher Josefina Crisanta V. Pontillas Grade Level Eleven (11)
Teaching Date and Time Module 6 Learning Area Introduction to World Religion
& Belief System
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
Semester / Quarter 1st Semester / 1st Quarter
Test I: Identification
_______________1. The founder of Confucianism.
_______________2. Most common symbol of Shintoism
_______________3. Daoist religious symbol.
_______________4. Place where Confucianism was founded
_______________5. Sacred scriptures of Shintoism.
_______________6. One of the Shinto sect where it refers to the 13 government organized independent sects formed during 19 th
century, focusing on human welfare in the earthly life
_______________7. One of the sacred scripture of Shintoism where which contains record the descent of the Yamato rulers of Japan
from the Gods
_______________8. It is the essential concept and creative principle in Daoism, existed before the world
_______________9. He is the ancestor of the Japanese Imperial Family
_______________10. It refers to the natural energy or life force that sustains living beings. It literally means air or vapor
_______________11. Means no behavior or doing nothing, to do without doing
_______________12. Ritual purification in Shintoism which includes the act of washing one’s body part for religious purposes
_______________13. The meaning of Shinto.
_______________14. The meaning of Dao.
_______________15. The other founder of Taoism.
_______________16. Daoism’s foundational text.
_______________17. Founder of Daoism/Taoism
_______________18. Sacred scripture of Confucianism
_______________19. A Ritual Purification in Shintoism which includes the act of retraining oneself from indulging in something
__________________20. Its’ core teaching is the worship of ancestors and forces of nature to achieve harmony in all dimension
II. Enumeration
1-5 Five Confucian classics
6-10 Five constants or classical virtues in Confucianism
11-15 Five Shinto Rites of passage
16-18 Three Subdivision of Shintoism
19-24 Important concepts and beliefs in Daoism/Taoism
NAME
Grade /Section/ Strand:
Teacher Josefina Crisanta V. Pontillas Grade Level Eleven (11)
Teaching Date and Time WEEK 17-19 (January 4 – Learning Area Introduction to World Religion
& Belief System
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(formerly Clark International College of Science & Technology)
SNS Bldg., Aurea St., SamsonvilleSubd., Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Telefax No.: (045) 624-0215
January 22, 2021) Semester / Quarter 1st Semester / 1st Quarter
PERFORMANCE TASK
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE THREE DAOIC RELIGIONS
COMPLETE THE TABLE
CONFUCIANISM DAOISM SHINTOISM
Place of Origin
Founder No identifiable
Founder
No. of followers 5-6 Million
Sacred Confucian Classics
book/Scriptures
Place and Day of Temple
worship
Beliefs, practices,
rituals and observance
Subdivisions
Selected Issues
We nurture ambitions!
World Religion and Belief System (WRBS)
*Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from CLARK COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
