PROJECT REPORT

ON
DOCUMENTATION OF SALES INVOICE AND OTHER RELATED
DOCUMENTS
AT
WINDLAS BIOTECH LIMITED
DEHRADUN
SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(FINANCE)
(2009-2011)
BY
MOHIT SEHGAL

INTERNAL GUIDE EXTERNAL GUIDE

Mr. N.S. Vohra

1
2
CONTEXT PAGE.NO

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Presenting a summer Training project of this is an arduous task, demanding a lot of time.
I cannot in full measure reciprocate the kindness shown and contribution made by various
persons in this endeavor. I will remember all of them with gratitude.
My sincere thanks towards GRAPHIC ERA UNIVERSITYfor giving me a
chance to take this project and for his valuable guidance, which helped me on all those
points, which I needed to include in, with full intensity.
I am extremely gratified to Mr. Sanjeev Verma, Manager HR &Admn.,
Windlas Biotech Limited who was extremely helpful in offering his professional
expertise and bestowing me practical knowledge in all spheres related to the whole
organization working.
I am very grateful to my mentors Mr. Amar Johri & Mr. N.S. Vohra for
his significant support extended for the successfully completion of the project as he
support me all through the project and devoted his precious time for me. I am really
appreciative to this organization and the employees of WBL for full co-operation, support
and motivation that helped me a lot in completing my project here.

I am always beholden to my God, for always being with me and showing

me the right way, my family, for always doing favor to me and my friends and colleagues
consistently helped with encouragement, creative inputs and criticism throughout the
project work, for always lifting my sights to higher vision, raising my personality beyond
normal limitation and for realizing me my strengths and potential.

In the end I apologize for any mistake made by me in the project and once again thank
everyone for their support and guidance.

MOHIT SEHGAL

B.B.A 5th (Finance)

4
 PREFACE

BBA is a stepping-stone to the management carrier and to develop good manager it is

necessary that the theoretical must be supplemented with exposure to the real
environment.

Modern business world is full of competition, uncertainty and exposed to different

types of risks. The complexity of managerial problems has led to the development of
various managerial tools, techniques and procedures useful for the management in
managing the business successful.

Theoretical knowledge just provides the base and it’s not sufficient to produce a
good manager that’s why practical knowledge is needed. Therefore the research product
is an essential requirement for the student of BBA. This research project not only helps
the student to utilize his skills properly learn field realities but also provides a chance to
the organization to find out talent among the budding managers in the very beginning.

In accordance with the requirement of B.B.A course I have summer training

project on the topic “DOCUMENTATION OF SALES INVOICE AND OTHER
RELATED DOCUMENTS.” The main objective of the research project was to study the
company’s sales procedure and other complications involved in it.

An attempt has been made to study and understand the sales procedure in Windlas
Biotech Limited and convert the theoretical practices into the practical working life.

5
REF: WBL/PERS/2010
DATE: 31.07.2010

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Mr. Mohit Sehgal Student of B.B.A ( Finance) 3rd year from
“Graphic Era University” Dehradun, successfully completed his industrial training in
our organization w.e.f 1st July-10 to 31st July-10 in “Finance Department”

During the tenure of his training, we found him sincere and hardworking towards his
work.

For WINDLAS BIOTECH LTD.

(Sanjeev Verma)
Manager – HR & Admn.

6
 GRAPHIC ERA UNIVERSITY

566/6,BELL ROAD,CLEMENTOWN

DECLARATION

I, MOHIT SEHGAL , hereby declare that the project entitled “DOCUMENTATION

OF SALES INVOICE AND RELATED DOCUMENTS” is my original work, done by
me. Now it is an asset of “WINDLAS BIOTECH LTD. DEHRADUN”. All the rights
for using this project report lie with the company. Unauthorized copying, hiring,
broadcasting, or rental of this project without permission from the organization will be
considered illegal.

MOHIT SEHGAL
B.B.A 5th (Finance)

7
 INTRODUCTION

INDUSTRY PROFILE

The Indian pharmaceutical industry

The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the world's second-largest by volume and is

likely to lead the manufacturing sector of India. India's bio-tech industry clocked a 17
percent growth with revenues of Rs.137 billion ($3 billion) in the 2009-10 financial year
over the previous fiscal. Bio-pharma was the biggest contributor generating 60 percent of
the industry's growth at Rs.8,829 crore, followed by bio-services at Rs.2,639 crore and
bio-agri at Rs.1,936 crore. The first pharmaceutical company are Bengal Chemicals and
Pharmaceutical Works, which still exists today as one of 5 government-owned drug
manufacturers, appeared in Calcutta in 1930. For the next 60 years, most of the drugs in
India were imported by multinationals either in fully-formulated or bulk form. The
government started to encourage the growth of drug manufacturing by Indian companies
in the early 1960s, and with the Patents Act in 1970, enabled the industry to become what
it is today. This patent act removed composition patents from food and drugs, and though
it kept process patents, these were shortened to a period of five to seven years. The lack
of patent protection made the Indian market undesirable to the multinational companies
that had dominated the market, and while they streamed out, Indian companies started to
take their places. They carved a niche in both the Indian and world markets with their
expertise in reverse-engineering new processes for manufacturing drugs at low costs.
Although some of the larger companies have taken baby steps towards drug innovation,
the industry as a whole has been following this business model until the present.
A highly organized sector, the Indian Pharma Industry is estimated to be worth $ 4.5
billion, growing at about 8 to 9 percent annually. It ranks very high in the third world, in
terms of technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured. From simple
headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds, almost every
type of medicine is now made indigenously. Playing a key role in promoting and

8
sustaining development in the vital field of medicines, Indian Pharma Industry boasts
of quality producers and many units approved by regulatory authorities in USA and UK.
International companies associated with this sector have stimulated, assisted and
spearheaded this dynamic development in the past 53 years and helped to put India on the
pharmaceutical map of the world. The Indian Pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented
with more than 20,000 registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two
decades. The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market with
market leader holding nearly 7% of the market share. It is an extremely fragmented
market with severe price competition and government price control.

The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand for bulk
drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules,
orals and injectibles. There are about 250 large units and about 8000 Small Scale Units,
which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public
Sector Units). These units produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations,
i.e., medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs, i.e.,
chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical
formulations.

Following the de-licensing of the pharmaceutical industry, industrial licensing for most of
the drugs and pharmaceutical products has been done away with. Manufacturers are free
to produce any drug duly approved by the Drug Control Authority. Technologically
strong and totally self-reliant, the pharmaceutical industry in India has low costs of
production, low R&D costs, innovative scientific manpower, strength of national
laboratories and an increasing balance of trade. The Pharmaceutical Industry, with its rich
scientific talents and research capabilities, supported by Intellectual Property Protection
regime is well set to take on the international market.

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 The Indian pharmaceutical industry

Top 10 Pharmaceuticals in India, as of 2004

Revenue 2004 Revenue 2004
Rank Company
(Rs crore) (USD millions)
1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 4,461 1,026
2 Dr. Reddy's Laboratories 1,933 444
3 Cipla 1,842 423
4 Piramal Healthcare 1,387 319
5 Aurobindo Pharma 1,260 290
6 GlaxoSmithKline 1,228 282
7 Lupin Laboratories 1,180 271
8 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries 1,110 255
9 Cadila Healthcare 1,091 251
10 Wockhardt 980 225

In 2002, over 20,000 registered drug manufacturers in India sold $9 billion worth of
formulations and bulk drugs. 85% of these formulations were sold in India while over
60% of the bulk drugs were exported, mostly to the United States and Russia. Most of the
players in the market are small-to-medium enterprises; 250 of the largest companies
control 70% of the Indian market. Thanks to the 1970 Patent Act, multinationals
represent only 35% of the market, down from 70% thirty years ago.

Most pharma companies operating in India, even the multinationals, employ Indians
almost exclusively from the lowest ranks to high level management. Mirroring the social
structure, firms are very hierarchical. Homegrown pharmaceuticals, like many other
businesses in India, are often a mix of public and private enterprise. Although many of
these companies are publicly owned, leadership passes from father to son and the
founding family holds a majority share.

In terms of the global market, India currently holds a modest 1-2% share, but it has been
growing at approximately 10% per year. India gained its foothold on the global scene
with its innovatively-engineered generic drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients
(API), and it is now seeking to become a major player in outsourced clinical research as
well as contract manufacturing and research. There are 74 U.S. FDA-approved

10
manufacturing facilities in India, more than in any other country outside the U.S, and in
2005, almost 20% of all Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDA) to the FDA are
expected to be filed by Indian companies. Growths in other fields notwithstanding,
generics are still a large part of the picture. London research company Global Insight
estimates that India’s share of the global generics market will have risen from 4% to 33%
by 2007.

Patents

As it expands its core business, the industry is being forced to adapt its business model to
recent changes in the operating environment. The first and most significant change was
the January 1, 2005 enactment of an amendment to India’s patent law that reinstated
product patents for the first time since 1972. The legislation took effect on the deadline
set by the WTO’s Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
agreement, which mandated patent protection on both products and processes for a period
of 20 years. Under this new law, India will be forced to recognize not only new patents
but also any patents filed after January 1, 1995. Indian companies achieved their status in
the domestic market by breaking these product patents, and it is estimated that within the
next few years, they will lose $650 million of the local generics market to patent-holders.

In the domestic market, this new patent legislation has resulted in fairly clear
segmentation. The multinationals narrowed their focus onto high-end patients who make
up only 12% of the market, taking advantage of their newly-bestowed patent protection.
Meanwhile, Indian firms have chosen to take their existing product portfolios and target
semi-urban and rural populations.

Product development

Companies are also starting to adapt their product development processes to the new
environment. For years, firms have made their ways into the global market by
researching generic competitors to patented drugs and following up with litigation to

11
challenge the patent. This approach remains untouched by the new patent regime and
looks to increase in the future. However, those that can afford it have set their sights on
an even higher goal: new molecule discovery. Although the initial investment is huge,
companies are lured by the promise of hefty profit margins and the recognition as a
legitimate competitor in the global industry. Local firms have slowly been investing more
money into their R&D programs or have formed alliances to tap into these opportunities.

Small and medium enterprises

As promising as the future is for a whole, the outlook for small and medium enterprises
(SME) is not as bright. The excise structure changed so that companies now have to pay a
16% tax on the maximum retail price (MRP) of their products, as opposed to on the ex-
factory price. Consequently, larger companies are cutting back on outsourcing and what
business is left is shifting to companies with facilities in the four tax-free states -
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.

As SME’s wrestled with the tax structure, they were also scrambling to meet the July 1
deadline for compliance with the revised Schedule M Good Manufacturing Practices
(GMP). While this should be beneficial to consumers and the industry at large, SMEs
have been finding it difficult to find the funds to upgrade their manufacturing plants,
resulting in the closure of many facilities. Others invested the money to bring their
facilities to compliance, but these operations were located in non-tax-free states, making
it difficult to compete in the wake of the new excise tax.

Challenges

All of these changes are ultimately good for the Indian pharmaceutical industry, which
suffered in the past from inadequate regulation and large quantities of spurious drugs.
They force the industry to reach a level necessary for global competitiveness. However,

12
they have also exposed some of the inadequacies in the industry today. Its main weakness
is an underdeveloped new molecule discovery program. Even after the increased
investment, market leaders such as Ranbaxy and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories spent only 5-
10% of their revenues on R&D, lagging behind Western pharmaceuticals like Pfizer,
whose research budget last year was greater than the combined revenues of the entire
Indian pharmaceutical industry. This disparity is too great to be explained by cost
differentials, and it comes when advances in genomics have made research equipment
more expensive than ever. The drug discovery process is further hindered by a dearth of
qualified molecular biologists. Due to the disconnect between curriculum and industry,
pharmas in India also lack the academic collaboration that is crucial to drug development
in the West.

R&D

Both the Indian central and state governments have recognized R&D as an important
driver in the growth of their pharma businesses and conferred tax deductions for expenses
related to research and development. They have granted other concessions as well, such
as reduced interest rates for export financing and a cut in the number of drugs under price
control. Government support is not the only thing in Indian pharma’s favor, though;
companies also have access to a highly-developed IT industry that can partner with them
in new molecule discovery.

Labor force

India’s greatest strengths lie in its people. India also boasts a cheap, well-educated,
English-speaking labor force that is the base of its competitive advantage. Although
molecular biologists are in short supply, there are a number of talented chemists who are
equally as important in the discovery process. In addition, there has been a reverse brain-
drain effect in which scientists are returning from abroad to accept positions at lower
salaries at Indian companies. Once there, these foreign-trained scientists can transfer the
benefits of their knowledge and experience to all of those who work with them. India’s
wealth of people extends benefits to another part of the drug commercialization process

13
as well. With one of the largest and most genetically diverse populations in any single
country, India can recruit for clinical trials more quickly and perform them more cheaply
than countries in the West. Indian firms have just recently started to leverage.

ADVANTAGE INDIA
I. Cost-effective chemical synthesis: Its track record of development, particularly
in the area of improved cost-beneficial chemical synthesis for various drug
molecules is excellent. It provides a wide variety of bulk drugs and exports
sophisticated bulk drugs.

II. Legal & Financial Framework: India has a 53 year old democracy and hence
has a solid legal framework and strong financial markets. There is already an
established international industry and business community.

III. Information & Technology: It has a good network of world-class educational

institutions and established strengths in Information Technology.

IV. Globalization: The country is committed to a free market economy and

globalization. Above all, it has a 70 million middle class market, which is
continuously growing.

V. Consolidation: For the first time in many years, the international

pharmaceutical industry is finding great opportunities in India. The process of
consolidation, which has become a generalized phenomenon in the world
pharmaceutical industry, has started taking place in India.

THE GROWTH SCENARIO

India's US$ 3.1 billion pharmaceutical industry is growing at the rate of 14 percent
per year. It is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing countries.
Over 20,000 registered pharmaceutical manufacturers exist in the country. The
domestic pharmaceuticals industry output is expected to exceed Rs260 billion in the

14
financial year 2002, which accounts for merely 1.3% of the global pharmaceutical
sector. Of this, bulk drugs will account for Rs 54 billion (21%) and formulations, the
remaining Rs 210 billion (79%). In financial year 2001, imports were Rs 20 billion
while exports were Rs87 billion.

STEPS TO STRENGTHEN THE INDUSTRY

Indian companies need to attain the right product-mix for sustained future growth.
Core competencies will play an important role in determining the future of many
Indian pharmaceutical companies in the post product-patent regime after 2005. Indian
companies, in an effort to consolidate their position, will have to increasingly look at
merger and acquisition options of either companies or products. This would help
them to offset loss of new product options, improve their R&D efforts and improve
distribution to penetrate markets. Research and development has always taken the
back seat amongst Indian pharmaceutical companies. In order to stay competitive in
the future, Indian companies will have to refocus and invest heavily in R&D.
The Indian pharmaceutical industry also needs to take advantage of the recent
advances in biotechnology and information technology. The future of the industry
will be determined by how well it markets its products to several regions and
distributes risks, its forward and backward integration capabilities, its R&D, its
consolidate. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated. The Government
controls prices of a large number of bulk drugs and formulations. Profit margins of
players vary widely in both domestic and export sales due to many factors.

Domestic Trade

More than 85% of the formulations produced in the country is sold in the domestic
market. India is largely self-sufficient in case of formulations. Some life saving, new
generation under-patent formulations continue to be imported, especially by MNCs,
which then market them in India. Overall, the size of the domestic formulations
market is around Rs160 billion and it is growing at 10% p.a.

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Exports

Over 60% of India’s bulk drug production is exported. The balance is sold locally to
other formulators. India’s pharmaceutical exports are to the tune of Rs87billion, of
which formulations contribute nearly 55% and the rest 45% comes from bulk drugs.
In financial year 200, exports grew by 21%. India’s pharmaceuticals imports were to
the tune of Rs20.3billion in FY2001. Imports have registered a CAGR of only 2% in
the past 5 years. Import of bulk drugs have slowed down in the recent years through
mergers and acquisitions, co-marketing and licensing agreements.
The exports of Pharmaceuticals during the year 1998-97 were Rs 49780 million.
From a meager Rs 46 crores worth of Pharmaceuticals, Drugs and Fine Chemicals
exports in 1980-81, pharmaceutical exports has risen to approximately Rs 6152
Crores (Prov.1998-99), a rise of 11.91% against the last year exports. Amongst the
total exports of India, the percentage share of Drugs, Pharmaceuticals and Fine
Chemicals during April-October (2000-2001) was 4.1%, an increase of 7%.
As per WTO, from the year 2005, India will grant product patent recognition to all
new chemical entities (NCEs) i.e., bulk drugs developed then onwards. The Indian
Government's decision to allow 100 percent foreign direct investment into the drugs
and pharmaceutical industry is expected to aid the growth of contract research in the
country. Technology transfer to 100 percent Indian subsidiaries of MNCs is expected
only in 2005.
Indian pharmaceutical interests in making a mark on the global scene got a boost
when Dr. Reddy's licensed two of its anti-diabetic molecules to Novo Nordisk and
when Ranbaxy licensed its Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) of ciprofloxacin to
Bayer. MNCs in India faced the problem of having a very high DPCO coverage,
weakening their bottom lines as well as hindering their growth through the launch of
new products. DPCO coverage is expected to be diluted further in the near future
benefiting the MNCs. New legislation is also expected in the OTC segment
increasing the number of brands in the Over the Counter (OTC) segment.
The Indian pharmaceutical industry is also getting increasingly U.S. FDA compliant
to harness the growth opportunities in areas of contract manufacturing and research.

16
 Indian companies such as Ranbaxy, Sun Pharma, and Dr. Reddy's are increasingly
focusing on tapping the U.S. generic market, projected to be around $18 billion by
2004.

Biotechnology

Relationship between pharmaceuticals and biotechnology

Unlike in other countries, the difference between biotechnology and pharmaceuticals

remains fairly defined in India. Bio-tech there still plays the role of pharma’s little sister,
but many outsiders have high expectations for the future. India accounted for 2% of the
$41 billion global biotech market and in 2003 was ranked 3rd in the Asia-Pacific region
and 11th in the world in number of biotechs. In 2004-5, the Indian biotech industry saw
its revenues grow 37% to $1.1 billion. The Indian biotech market is dominated by
biopharmaceuticals; 75% of 2004-5 revenues came from biopharmaceuticals, which saw
30% growth last year. Of the revenues from biopharmaceuticals, vaccines led the way,
comprising 47% of sales. Biologics and large-molecule drugs tend to be more expensive
than small-molecule drugs, and India hopes to sweep the market in biogenerics and
contract manufacturing as drugs go off patent and Indian companies upgrade their
manufacturing capabilities.

Biotechnology statistics

Top 20 Biotechnology Companies in India, 2004

Revenue 2004 Revenue 2004
Rank Company
(Rs crore) (USD millions)
1 Biocon 646 148.6
2 Serum Institute of India 565 129.9
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 3 Panacea Biotec 217 50.0
4 Venkateshwara Hatcheries 188 43.2
5 Mahyco Monsanto 166 38.3
6 Novo Nordisk 135 31.0
7 Rasi Seeds 87 20.0
8 Aventis Pharma 84 19.4
9 Bharat Serums 81 18.6
10 Chiron Behring Vaccines 78 17.9
11 GlaxoSmithKline 78 17.9
12 Indian Immunologicals 72 16.6
13 Shantha Biotechnics 70 16.1
14 Novozymes 69 15.9
15 Eli Lilly and Company 68 15.7
16 Wockhardt 67 15.4
17 Bharat Immunological & Biological Corp. 53 12.3
18 Bharat Biological International 41 9.4
19 Advanced Biochemicals 40 9.1
20 Biological E 36 8.3

Most companies in the biotech sector are extremely small, with only two firms breaking
100 million dollars in revenues. At last count there were 265 firms registered in India,
over 75% of which were incorporated in the last five years. The newness of the
companies explains the industry’s high consolidation in both physical and financial
terms. Almost 50% of all biotechs are in or around Bangalore, and the top ten companies
capture 47% of the market. The top five companies were homegrown; Indian firms
account for 62% of the biopharma sector and 52% of the industry as a whole. The
Association of Biotechnology-Led Enterprises (ABLE) is aiming to grow the industry to
$5 billion in revenues generated by 1 million employees by 2009, and data from the
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) seem to suggest that it is possible.

Comparison with the U.S.

The Indian biotech sector parallels that of the U.S. in many ways. Both are filled with
small start-ups while the majority of the market is controlled by a few powerful
companies. Both are dependent upon government grants and venture capitalists for

18
funding because neither will be commercially viable for years. Pharmaceutical companies
in both countries have recognized the potential effect that biotechnology could have on
their pipelines and have responded by either investing in existing start-ups or venturing
into the field themselves. In both India and the U.S., as well as in much of the globe,
biotech is seen as a hot field with a lot of growth potential.

Relationship with IT

Many analysts have observed that the hype around the biotech sector mirrors that of the
IT sector. Biotech colleges have been popping up around the country eager to service the
pools of students that want to take advantage of a growing industry. The International
Finance Commission, the private investment arm of the World Bank, called India the
“centerpiece of IFC’s global biotech strategy.” Of the $110 million invested in 14 biotech
projects investment globally, the IFC has given $43 million to 4 projects in India.
According to Dr. Manju Sharma, former director of the Department of Biotechnology,
the biotech industry could become the “single largest sector for employment of skilled
human resource in the years to come.” British Prime Minister Tony Blair was similarly
impressed, citing the success of India’s biotech industry as the reason for his own
country’s own biotech opportunities. Malaysia is also looking to India as an example for
growing its own biotech industry.

Government support

The Indian government has been very supportive. It established the Department of
Biotechnology in 1986 under the Ministry of Science and Technology. Since then, there
have been a number of dispensations offered by both the central government and various
states to encourage the growth of the industry. India’s science minister launched a
program that provides tax incentives and grants for biotech start-ups and firms seeking to
expand and establishes the Biotechnology Parks Society of India to support ten biotech
parks by 2010. Previously limited to rodents, animal testing was expanded to include
large animals as part of the minister’s initiative. States have started to vie with one
another for biotech business, and they are offering such goodies as exemption from VAT

19
and other fees, financial assistance with patents and subsidies on everything ranging from
investment to land to utilities.

Foreign investment

The government has also taken steps to encourage foreign investment in its biotech
sector. An initiative passed earlier this year allowed 100% foreign direct investment
without compulsory licensing from the government. In April, a delegation headed by the
Kapil Sibal, the minister of science and technology and ocean development, visited five
cities in the U.S. to encourage investment in India, with special emphasis on biotech. Just
two months later, Sibal returned to the U.S. to unveil India’s biotech growth strategy at
the BIO2005 conference in Philadelphia.

Challenges

The biotech sector faces some major challenges in its quest for growth. Chief among
them is a lack of funding, particularly for firms that are just starting out. The most likely
sources of funds are government grants and venture capital, which is a relatively young
industry in India. Government grants are difficult to secure, and due to the expensive and
uncertain nature of biotech research, venture capitalists are reluctant to invest in firms
that have not yet developed a commercially viable product. As previously mentioned,
India hopes to solve its funding problem by attracting overseas investors and partners.
Before these potential saviors will invest significant sums in the industry, however, there
needs to be better scientific and financial accountability. India is slowly working towards
these goals, but it will be a while before they are up to the standards of Western investors.

India’s biotech firms share another problem with their pharmaceutical cousins: a lack of
qualified employees. Biotech has the additional disadvantage of competing against IT for
ambitious, science-minded students but not being able to guarantee the same

20
compensation. An aspiring researcher in India needs 7–10 years of education covering a
range of specialties in order to qualify to work in biotech. Even if a student does choose
to go on the biotech path, the ineffectual curriculum at many universities makes it
doubtful as to whether he will be qualified to work in the field once finished. One
estimate shows that 10% of upper-echelon biotech recruits have come from foreign
countries. While this is not a problem, per se, it drives up cost in a country whose
competitive advantage is based on cheap, high-quality labor. Far from ending with
scientists, there is also a shortage of people with knowledge of biotechnology in related
fields: doctors, lawyers, programmers, marketing personnel and others.

While little has been done about the latter half of the employee crunch, the government
has addressed the problem of educated but unqualified candidates in its Draft National
Biotech Development Strategy. This plan included a proposal to create a National Task
Force that would work with the biotech industry to revise the curriculum for
undergraduate and graduate study in life sciences and biotechnology. The government’s
strategy also stated intentions to increase the number of PhD Fellowships awarded by the
Department of Biotechnology to 200 per year. These human resources will be further
leveraged with a “Bio-Edu-Grid” that will knit together the resources of the academic and
scientific industrial communities, much as they are in the U.S.

Major players

I. Ranbaxy Laboratories: Arun Puri, Chairman.

Ranbaxy is the leader in the Indian pharmaceutical market, taking in $1.174 billion in
revenues for a net profit of $160 million in 2004. It was the first Indian
pharmaceutical to have a proprietary drug approved by the U.S. FDA, and the U.S.
market accounts for 36% of its sales. 78% of Ranbaxy’s sales are from overseas
markets; its offices in 44 countries manage manufacturing in 7 countries and
distribution in over 100.

21
 IMS Health estimated that Ranbaxy is among the top 100 pharmaceuticals in the
world and that it is the 15th fastest growing company. By 2012, Ranbaxy hopes to be
one of the top 5 generics producers in the world, and it consolidated its position with
the purchase of French firm RGP Aventis in 2003. Ranbaxy also has higher
aspirations, however, “to build a proprietary prescription business in the advanced
markets.” To this end, it keeps a dedicated research facility in Gurgaon staffed with
over 1100 scientists. They currently have two molecules in Phase II trials and 3-5 in
pre-clinical testing. It spent $75 million in R&D in 2004, a 43% increase over its
2003 expenditure

II. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories: K. Anji Reddy, Chairman.

Founded in 1984 with $160,000, Dr. Reddy’s was the first Asia-Pacific
pharmaceutical outside of Japan and the sixth Indian company to be listed on the New
York Stock Exchange. It earned $446 million in fiscal year 2005, deriving 66% of
this income from the foreign market. In order to strengthen its global position, Dr.
Reddy acquired UK-based BMS Laboratories and subsidiary Meridian Healthcare.

Although 58% of Dr. Reddy’s revenues come from generic drugs, the company was
committed to WTO-compliance long before the 2005 bill took effect, and most of
these products were already off patent. Dr. Reddy has long been a research-oriented
firm, preceding many of its peers in setting up a New Drug Development Research
(NDDR) in 1993 and out-licensing its first compound just four years later. Dr.
Reddy’s has since outlicensed two more molecules and currently has three others in
clinical trials.

Although Dr. Reddy’s is publicly-traded, the Reddy family (including

founder/chairman K. Anji Reddy, son-in-law/CEO GV Prasad and son/COO Satish
Reddy) holds a hefty 26% share in the company.

III. Nicholas Piramal: Asish Mishra, Chairman

22
 Now a company grossing $350 million per year, Nicholas Piramal started its
existence with the 1988 acquisition of Nicholas Laboratories and grew through a
series of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. The company has formed a name for
itself in the field of custom manufacturing. It cites its 1700-person global sales force
as another core strength; with its acquisition of Rhodia’s inhalation anaesthetics
business, Nicholas Piramal gained a sales and marketing network spanning 90
countries.
Nicholas Piramal is well-poised for the challenge of surviving in the aftermath of
product patent protection. The company has respected intellectual property rights
since its inception and refused to "support generic companies seeking first-to-file or
early-to-market strategies." Instead, it decided to make its own intellectual property
and opened a research facility last November in Mumbai with hopes of launching its
first drug in 2010 at a cost of $100,000.

IV. Cipla: Dr. Yusuf K. Hamied, Chairman and Managing Director.

Cipla burst into the international consciousness in 2000 with Triomune, an AIDS
treatment costing between $300 and $800 per year that infringed upon patents held by
several companies who were selling the cocktail for $12,000 per year. Long before
this news, Cipla had been building a strong global presence, and it now distributes its
800-odd products in over 140 countries. Privately-held Cipla holds a prominent spot
in its home country as well; it is the leader in domestic sales, having just unseated
GlaxoSmithKline for the first time in 28 years. Revenue in 2004 totaled $552 million
(using Rs 43.472 = $1) about 75% of which was derived in India. Cipla did not report
having a research program.

V. Biocon: Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairman and Managing Director.

Originally an extension to an Irish chemicals company seeking to break into the
Indian market, Biocon is now the leading biotech in India, bringing in Rs 646.36
crore (almost $150 million) in revenue for fiscal year 2004. It initially made its

23
 money by producing enzymes, but Biocon recently decided to become a research-
oriented company with the goal of bringing a proprietary new drug to market.The
company went public in March 2004, and "its shares were oversubscribed by 33 times
on opening day." Eight months later it launched Insugen, a bio-insulin that is its first
branded product. Biocon also has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Syngene and
Clinigene, that perform custom research and clinical trials.

VI. Serum Institute of India: Dr. Cyrus Poonawalla, Chairman.

The Serum Institute of India can make the enviable claim that 2 out of every 3
children in the world are immunized with one of their vaccines. It is the world’s
largest producer of measles and DTP vaccines, and its portfolio includes other
vaccines, antisera, plasma products and anticancer compounds. The Serum Institute
earned Rs 565 crore ($130 million) in revenue in fiscal year 2005, selling mainly to
UN agencies and to the Indian government. The Serum Institute is part of the
Poonawalla Group, whose holdings include a horse stud farm and manufacturers of
industrial equipment and components.

24
 COMPANY’S PROFILE

WINDLAS GROUP

The Windlass family has been an established business house since 1937. With its early
beginnings in manufacturing of steel handicrafts, the family expanded into many sectors
like garments, oil-field drilling equipment, real-estate, hotels and Pharmaceuticals over
the last 72 years. The combined annual turnover of the group exceeded Rs. 350 crores.
Our companies are entrepreneur owned but professionally run, and we pride ourselves in
being partners to success of our clients.

Diversified Business Domains

As a highly diversified name in business ranging from the manufacturing of authentic

replicas of historic battle arms, modern and period clothing, real estate development to
hospitality in India, Windlas Group also has spread its wings further to United States with
mail order retail and amusement park business.
25
The seeds of our development were duly sown by honourable late Mr. Ved Prakash
Windlass when he under the patronage of Windlass Steel Crafts started to manufacture
Gurkha Khukris for the British Army in India, way back in 1943.

At Windlass, we firmly believe that it's the spirit and the unbound zeal that drives in the
real focus on successful businesses, ensuring commitment for progress and creation of
value. At work and off it, we are guided by the soul and flesh of these golden words:
Technology, Finance, Strategy and Planning. As each segment focuses on the areas, the
whole group aims to develop a successful, highly efficient cooperation with profitability
thrown in good measure.

CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Windlass Group is a family owned diversified business house since last 70 years in
Pharmaceuticals, Steel-crafts, Garments, Real-estate development, Hotels, Engineering
services, etc.

26
With a pioneering spirit at its core, the Windlass Group of Companies is ever growing
enterprise. Branching forth and diversifying as it builds on its strength and stability
through an uncompromising resolve to surmount the challenges of the times. Established
in 1943, they are involved in the ventures ranging from the manufacture of sharp edged
theyapons to clothing, pharmaceuticals, real estate and hotels. Today, with a strong
foothold in the global market, the group is surging ahead achieving success in all its
endeavors. This success has been achieved by implementing key principles which are:

 Maintaining good quality

 Achieving reliable delivery

 Continuous innovation in research, Design and development

Atlanta Cutlery Corp - Specialty Retailer of Hunting Gear,

Antique Militaria and authorized US Govt Contractor  
Museum Replicas Ltd - Specialty Retailer of Swords,
Licensed Collectibles and Period Clothing

27
Supreme Replicas - Retailer and Distributor of period
theyapons, armor and clothing in Europe

Windlass Biotech - Manufacturer and distributor of

Pharmaceutical drugs for the Indian Market  

Windlass Engineers and Services - Manufacturer and

Technological Service provider for the Oil and Gas industry
 
Windlass Realtors and Developers - Engaged in developing
 
commercial and residential real-estate in India

WSC has been manufacturing high quality theyapons and handicrafts since its inception
in 1943. Its founder, Mr. V. P. Windlass set up this manufacturing plant to supply the
British Gurkha regiments with Kukris, their main sidearm theyapon. Through some key
partnerships, they started exporting to United States and Theystern Europe in 1979 and
since then, they have outfitted many armies of the world, provided props to the biggest
Hollywood productions, designed and manufactured some amazing licensed replicas for
many top collectible companies and have continued to create products that are both fully
functional theyapons and works of art.

WINDLAS STEELCRAFT LIMITED

“Some men of noble stock theyre made, some glory in the murder-blade,
Some praise a Science or an Art, but I like hontheirable Trade”
  - James Elroy Flecker
”Quality is never an accident. It is always the result of intelligent effort.

28
There must be a will to produce superior things”.
  - John Ruskin

Products: Their products are unique, because they are fully functional and usable. Their
edged theyapons will always cut, behave and feel like the originals, while their armor and
helmets are fully theyarable and articulated. Their products will always be a work of art
that will be a true statement when either displayed in an office setting or den or when
used in a battle scenario.

Clients: Customer satisfaction is of utmost important to Windlass Steelcrafts and it is one

in which they strive to excel. Through R&D, they are continuously looking to rein in
their manufacturing costs, so they may provide their customers with the highest quality
products, at the lotheyst price point possible. They try to be efficient yet adaptable to
accommodate every customer request and more importantly, to meet their customer's
deadlines.

Employees: Ultimately, their quality of work, and all that they stand for, is defined by
their employees. As the fabric of their company, they truly respect and care for each and
every one of their employees. Windlass Steelcrafts is an equal opportunity employer and
does not discriminate on the basis of color,race, caste, creed or gender. They do not
support nor endorse child labtheir,prison labtheir or any kind of exploitation. They either
have full time employees or contractors manufacturing certain special parts exclusively
for their needs.

Society and Philanthropy: Windlass Steelcrafts is a good citizen of India and of the
world. They have always stayed active in social programs to help build the communities
in which they live. Apart from donations to several Non Profit Organizations, they
actively work towards improving the standard of living in the villages around their
factory. Their factory is also very environment friendly, with little or no emissions and
has enough trees to even be considered as a park!

R.S. Windlas & Sons

29
R.S. Windlass & Sons is proud of its international reputation as a manufacturer of top
quality readymade garments for ladies and children in a wide range of fabrics. They
specialize in manufacturing exquisite period costumes that recreates the splendor of lords
and ladies of the bygone era. Some of the most glamorous and remarkable items
manufactured at R.S. Windlass includes fully licensed replicas of the costumes from the
Hollywood blockbusters like Lord of the rings, Gladiator, Kingdom of Heaven and many
more. Their other products include Cotton, Rayon, Polyesters, Silk, Georgettes, Chiffon
and other combinations but their prime focus and expertise are heavy fabrics (Tapestry,
Brocade, Quilting and Denims). They also provide trading in brass handicrafts and light
category leather goods. They believe in high standards of quality and a prompt delivery at
most competitive prices. Their key to success is their firm commitment to provide
excellent services to their customers and taking care of their business by providing world
class quality products in a fascinating range.

With a pioneering spirit at its core, the Windlass Group of Companies is ever growing
enterprise. Branching forth and diversifying as it builds on its strength and stability
through an uncompromising resolve to surmount the challenges of the times. Established
in 1943, they are involved in the ventures ranging from the manufacture of sharp edged
theyapons to clothing, pharmaceuticals, real estate and hotels. Today, with a strong
foothold in the global market, the group is surging ahead achieving success in all its
endeavors. This success has been achieved by implementing key principles which are:

 Maintaining good quality

 Achieving reliable delivery

 Continuous innovation in research, Design and development

At R.S Windlass, with its vast amount of group experience and know-how in different
manufacturing technologies as they as product development and design.

30
They work very closely with their customers to provide them developments of various
fabric qualities, garment designs, embellishment or garment washing techniques.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Their policy is to manufacture products which comply with the specifications established
and agreed with their customers at a realistic and marketable cost, and to deliver them on
time. In order to implement the policy, they will follow a continuous programme of
improvement, based on prevention rather than detection of faults. The department of
Quality Assurance is carrying out checks at the following stages:

 FABRIC PROCUREMENT

 APPROVAL OF SIZE SETS, PHOTO SAMPLES

 DUMMY FITTINGS

 INITIAL PRODUCTION

 FINAL PRODUCTION

Working with TQM (Total Quality Management) principles they equip each of their
personnel with the knowledge and restheirces required to successfully contribute towards
their on-going search for excellence.
They believe in high standards of quality and a prompt delivery at most competitive
prices. Their key to success is their firm commitment to provide excellent services to
their customers and taking care of their business by providing world class quality
products in a fascinating range.

WINDLAS ENGINEERS & SERVICES

31
The Windlass group of companies estd. 1943, specializes in many fields and lays strong
emphasis on quality, R&D and Customer Service. Their companies are proud to have
earned multiple Top Export awards. Windlass Engineers & Services is manufacturing a
wide range of oil field equipment. Their facilities are located on over 10 acres with
manufacturing area of 60,000 sq ft that house state-of-the-art manufacturing processes
manned by a highly qualified, motivated and experienced team. Windlass Engineers &
Services is manufacturing a wide range of oil field equipment. Their facilities are located
on over 10 acres with manufacturing area of 60,000 sq ft that house state-of-the-art
manufacturing processes manned by a highly qualified, motivated and experienced team.

Quality comes from a passion for Creating Excellence

Their quality and customer focus is evident in everything They design, manufacture, test
and deliver. It's this emphasis on quality, innovative technology and complete end-to-end
manufacturing solutions that drives Their business and provides Their customers with
significant competitive advantages in the global marketplace. At the heart of the company
is a team of skilled and dedicated technical people with an average of 10-20 years in Oil
Field Equipment manufacturing.

32
33
 WINDLAS BIOTECH LIMITED

Windlas Biotech Limited is an independent contract

manufacturer serving the Indian and international pharmaceutical industry. They are a
company of professionally alive, forward looking and committed team members serving
the medical fraternity. Their primary focus is to consistently meet the global
manufacturing requirements of their customers by providing cost-effective services and
delivering quality products efficiently and reliably. Windlas Biotech, the trusted name in
Indian Pharmaceutical industry ventured into marketing of pharmaceutical products in
2008. At Windlas, they manufacture and market formulations under their own brands in
the domestic market and export their own formulations to Asia, Africa & Latin America.

Their international quality products and services are geared towards meeting customer
requirements and providing care and support to health care professionals. With medicines
across a wide range of therapeutic areas, WBL is committed to help prevent some of the
most common and the most challenging healthcare conditions of their times.

As the flagship company of the reputed Windlas Group, they at Windlas Biotech Ltd.
would like to think beyond their thoughts. Thoughts, that would take them higher towards
their sustenance for human development initiatives.

As a highly diversified name in business ranging from the manufacturing of authentic

replicas of historic battle arms, modern and period clothing, real estate development to
hospitality in India, Windlas Group also has spread its wings further to United States with
mail order retail and amusement park business.

The seeds of their development theyre duly sown by honourable late Mr. Ved Prakash
Windlas when he under the patronage of Windlas Steel Crafts started to manufacture
Gurkha Khukris for the British army in India, way back in 1943.

34
At Windlas, they firmly believe that it's the spirit and the unbound zeal that drives in the
real focus on successful businesses, ensuring commitment for progress and creation of
value. At work and off it, they are guided by the soul and flesh of these golden words:
Technology, Finance, Strategy and Planning. As each segment focuses on the areas, the
whole group aims to develop a successful, highly efficient cooperation with profitability
thrown in good measure.

Company Name:
Windlas Biotech Limited
Business Owner:
Manoj K. W

Employees:
500 People
Main markets:
North America South America western Europe Eastern Europe
Business Type:
Manufacturer
Product/Service:
Antibacterials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory, multivitamins, haemostatics,
cardiovascular, anti-hiv, anti-TB; all categories-in capsules, tablets, syrups, dry-syrups&
injectables.
About Them:
Windlas Biotech Limited is engaged in the formulation of variothem pharmaceutical
products at its state of the art WHO-GMP and ISO 9001:2000 certified pharmaceutical
manufacturing plant, located amid the lthemh green and pollution free environment of
Dehradun, capital of Uttaranchal, at the foothills of Himalayas. The plant is at a well-
connected five-hour drive and one hour flight from the Indian National Capital, New
Delhi. Besides formulations they also specialize in supplying the ready-to-compress
granules of all pharmaceutical raw materials as well as herbal and aromatic extracts and
formulations along with several essential oils.

35
The company has a vast generic range of products specifically to cater to the international
government tenders, institutional and pharmacies chains network purchases worldwide.
Windlas Biotech is into ethical sales of its own brand formulations covering the North
Indian belt with a field force of more than 500 people. They are currently exporting their
formulations to some African, CIS, and S. E. Asian countries like Namibia, Tanzania,
Kazakhstan, and Cambodia.
Several others of their products are under registration in many more countries like Sri
Lanka, Vietnam, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Trinidad& Tobago, Mexico and Bulgaria.
They continuously strive to expand their business operations and associations all over the
globe by strategically aligning themselves according to the needs of their buyers.

Windlas Biotech is a wholly owned subsidiary of the reputed Windlass Group of

Companies, which is diversified into businesses ranging from the manufacture of
authentic historical battle arms and armor and period clothing, real estate, hospitality, and
amusement parks businesses since 1943 in India and the THEM. The parent company,
Windlass Steel Crafts is an approved vendor to the United States government
They also undertake contract manufacturing for selected leading pharmaceutical
companies to utilize the bulk of their excess capacities.
They would be glad to register themselves as an approved vendor for your purchases,
where they can assure you of their commitment towards highest quality standards with
guaranteed timely deliveries.

In case you need any more information from them, they would be pleased to furnish it.
They look forward to hearing from you soon.
Category:
Health & Medical - Drugs
Region:
India Windlas Biotech Limited
Link Tool:
India Health & Medical - India Drugs

36
Tags:
dry syrups - antibacterials - multivitamins
Contact Person:
Mr. Manoj Windlass
Zip Code:
110016
Theybsite:
http://www.windlasbiotech.com
Address:
Y-8A Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Telephone:
91-11-6856860
Fax: 91-11-6569871
Firm Type : Public. Ltd.
Nature of Business : Services
Level to Expand : National

COMPANY’S PHILOSOPHY

Quality

They strive to:

1. Do the right things right
2. Continuously learn, develop and improve
3. Take pride in their work

Discipline

They strive to:

1. Make and meet commitments
2. Properly plan, fund and staff projects
3. Pay attention to detail

37
Customer Orientation

They strive to:

1. Listen and respond to their customers, suppliers and stakeholders
2. Clearly communicate mutual intentions and expectations
3. Enctheirage and reward informed risk taking

Result Orientation

They strive to:

1. Set Challenging and competitive goals
2. Focus on output
3. Constructively confront and solve problems
4. Execute flawlessly

Risk Taking

They strive to:

1. Listen to all ideas and viewpoints
2. Learn from their successes and mistakes
3. Enctheirage and reward informed risk taking

Great Place to Work

They strive to:

1. Be open and direct
2. Work as a team with respect and trust for each other
3. Manage performance fairly and firmly

Through their contract manufacturing experience, they at Windlas Biotech form an in-
depth understanding of ytheir product. They become an extension of ytheir company,
anticipating changes, overcoming challenges, and developing on-the-spot solutions for
advancement.

38
To achieve robust and efficient process qualification for scale-up, they make extensive
use of modern tools and equipment. Their highly qualified staff and detailed scheduling
processes ensure quality-minded production, on-time delivery and cost control.
With a full range of services from pre-formulation, analytical & formulation development
to scale-up and commercial manufacturing, WBL can take ytheir compound from bench
to market. Their facilities at WBL feature a GMP pilot plant as they as analytical and
formulation development laboratories with state-of-the-art equipment, staffed by
analytical chemists, formulation design experts, and manufacturing specialists.

PRODUCTS

Anti - Malarials

Anti-Parasitic

Anti-Viral, HIV

Cough, Allergy & Respiratory

Fertility, BPH & Erectile Dysfunction

Gynaecologicals

Nutritional Supplements

Anti-Infective

Anti-Psychotics & Anti-Convulsants

Cardiac & Diabetes

Dermatologicals

Formulations for G.I. Disorders

Lifestyle & Pain Management

39
SERVICES

WBL focuses on meeting client needs through flexibility, creativity and service
excellence. Their turnkey services are lead by project managers with extensive business
management experience and realistic foresight. Through effective communication,
interactions and follow-through with their customers throughout the project life cycle and
beyond, they ensure that all requirements and project specifications of their customers are
met with absolute quality and timeliness.
Their dedicated team at WBL encompasses experts in Drug Development,
Manufacturing, Quality Assurance, Quality Control, Regulatory Affairs, Logistics,
Planning and Purchasing.
Their services range from pre-formulation development and scale-up to commercial GMP
manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs. Their range of services include:

1. Pre-formulation & Formulation Development:

- Raw material stheircing
- Characterization of physical properties
- Powder characterization
- Dissolution testing
- Excipient compatibility studies
- Stability assessment
- Formulation and packaging compatibility
- Formulation development for early safety studies

2. Analytical Development:
- Molecule characterization
- Method development & validation
- Cleaning residuals development & validation
- Dissolution and drug release profiling
- Forced degradation studies
- Specifications development
- Stability monitoring to ICH guidelines

40
3. Process Validation

4. Manufacturing, Packaging & release testing of registration batches

5. Distribution & Logistics

6. Adequate documentation for drug application

7. Experienced PAI (Pre-Approval Inspection team)

8. Complete data for notification dossier

CUSTOMERS

At WBL, they use their customer's satisfaction as a benchmark to evaluate and

continually improve upon the quality of their products and services. WBL is a partner of
choice of many leading Multi-national pharmaceutical corporations including:

1. Ajanta Pharma Ltd. 2. Alembic Ltd.

3. Blue Cross Laboratories Ltd. 4. Cadilla Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
5. Cosme Farma Laboratories 6. Elder Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
7. Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 8. German Remedies Ltd.
9. Ind-Swift Laboratories Ltd. 10. Indi Pharma Pvt. Ltd.
11. Indoco Remedies Ltd. 12. Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
13. Khandelwal laboratories Ltd 14. Lupin Ltd.
15. Mankind Pharma Ltd. 16. Meyer Organics Pvt. Ltd.
17. Orchid Healthcare 18. Systopic Laboratories Ltd.
19. Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 20. Troikaa Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
21. Wallace Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 22. Win Medicare Ltd.
23. Wockhardt Ltd. 24. Zuventus Healthcare Ltd.

They provide services in pharmaceutical area.

Their Services :

41
* Product Development
• Analytical Development
• Galenical Development
* Quality Control Services
* Product Validation • HACCP
(Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Point)
• Product specific validation
• Process and cleaning validation
• Validation of sterilization procedure • Storage & warehouse administration
* Distribution & Logistics services
• Storage of controlled drugs
• Complete documentation and archive
• Invoicing
• Worldwide dispatch and preparation of all delivery papers

Company Profile :

At WINDLAS Biotech Limited, they have the facility, the equipment, the professional,
experienced staff and the commitment to be your full service contract manufacturer.
Their services include all phases of manufacturing, from product development to the
distribution of your product. You select the services you require.

Windlas Biotech achieves excellence via investment in people, systems and procedures,
process optimization, and infrastructure. We can assure you a well-trained team, state of
art facilities and product quality that meet International standards.

PHARMACEUTICAL PRESENCE

In pharmaceutical vertical, the family has two companies – Windlas Biotech Limited
(WBL) and Windlas Healthcare Private Limited (WHC). WBL was founded in year 2000
with and provides contract manufacturing services for the Indian pharma market,

42
employing over 400 staff and workers, and has a revenue of about Rs. 80 crores in the
last fiscal (FY ‘08-’09). WBL also promotes its own branded generic products in India
with a small sales team of 180 people. WHC is a brand new oral solid dosage (tablets and
capsules) formulations facility commissioned in 2009. This plant has been designed to be
compliant with the US FDA and EU GMP standards.

THEIR MISSION

Windlas Healthcare is committed to deliver innovative and unique value proposition to

enable success of our customers in the pharmaceutical ecosystem. We provide innovative
yet cost effective contract manufacturing and Research & Development (R&D) services
to pharmaceutical companies.

THEIR VISION

The firm believe that the pharmaceutical industry must reinvent itself in face of the
clinical, regulatory, intellectual properties and economic challenges presented to it.
Windlas Healthcare intense to emerge as a pre-eminent supplier of choice to the reach
based pharmaceutical industry. Their services and products will help our clients achieve a
faster time to market, lower development cost and long term competitors cost advantage
for their existing and forthcoming products portfolio.

PRODUCT PROFILE

CONTRACT MANUFACTURING

43
Contract manufacturing is performed by a company that was hired to do the
manufacturing services on behalf of another company. Many businesses take part in
contract manufacturing because of the reduced production costs and because it is easier to
hire a manufacturing plant instead of building and operating a facility. Companies on
both sides of the contract deal are attracted to this kind of manufacturing. The
manufacturer is guaranteed steady work for the duration of the contract which creates a
sense of financial stability and security while the hiring firm benefits by saving costs and
avoiding the stresses associated with managing a production facility. The involved
businesses enter into a contract for a predetermined length of time or until a certain
number of units are manufactured. The contracts can range from a few months to years;
the average length is between three and five years. The hired firm provides a range of
manufacturing processes including turning, boring, drilling, milling, sawing, shaping,
planning, tapping or grinding as well as new technologies like electrical discharge,
electrochemical or ultrasonic machining. The materials use during manufacturing vary
greatly depending on the product and application but may include stainless steel,
aluminum, brass, bronze, iron, plastic, ceramic or wood. Contract manufacturing is a
widely used by many companies including the aerospace, automotive, construction,
electronics, food and beverage, marine, medical and pharmaceutical industries.

There are multiple terms that are used to refer to the same practice; these terms are often
used interchangeably because their definitions are fairly open. Subcontract machining is
completed by companies that were hired by a firm for the specific purpose of providing
their manufacturing services. The term outsource manufacturing is mostly used in
reference to subcontracting that takes place outside of North America. The manufacturing
work that needs to be completed is hired out to an external source that is ultimately
responsible for the manufacturing. Contract manufacturers are the companies that are
hired to complete manufacturing work for another company. This is usually their sole
form of business. Contract manufacturing services are the processes and performed by
businesses that were hired as external service providers. There are many different kinds
of manufacturing processes; contract machining is one example. Machining is also a
broad term that refers to material-working processes that use devices with cutting tools to

44
cut and remove material from the product. Another process that can be performed by
contract manufacturers is contract assembly in which one company assembles the parts of
a product for a second company. Contract assembly is used to assemble materials or
components into finished products. Often the contract assembly process is realized
through the use of an assembly line, in which each person or machine puts the same part
on the product again and again. This contract assembly process enables many products to
be assembled in a short period of time.

Contract manufacturing is often identified by the final product that is produced.

Electronic contract manufacturing produces electronic products. Electronic products, due
to their complexity, are often contracted for manufacture. In many cases, the hiring firms
choose to have their electronics made by another company who specializes in the product
they need. Medical device contract manufacturing is the system by which a
manufacturing company makes medical devices or components of those devices that are
later sold by another company. Pharmaceutical contract manufacturing produces goods or
services for a pharmaceutical company such as pills, capsules, lotions, liquids and other
items sold by a pharmaceutical company, in addition to containers or packaging. Military
contract manufacturing is completed by a company that is hired to produce products for
the military. There is a large variety of products made through military contract
manufacturing ranging from vehicles to aircraft, weapons, shelters, body armor and other
equipment. During chemical contract manufacturing, a company performs chemical
manufacturing and synthesis on behalf of another. Chemical contract manufacturers
obtain the necessary starting materials, compounds and equipment in order to fulfill their
end of the contract. Aerospace contract manufacturing produces components related to
the aerospace field. Aircraft of all kinds such as airplanes, helicopters, unmanned aircraft
and military jets can be manufactured using subcontractors; defense and military contract
manufacturing is provided by specially approved companies.

The widespread usage of contract manufacturing is made possible by improvements in

transportation, communication technology and globalization. To some extent, this type of
manufacturing has been used for centuries in the sense that multiple skilled tradesmen
would have been necessary to create certain products such as a carpenter, upholsterer or

45
blacksmith. Contract manufacturing still requires special skills and technology but now
the product might be shipped all over the world for various processes. A part might be
designed in Germany and assembled in the Philippines from materials that were produced
in China before it is finally sold in the United States. This globalization could not have
happened without fast and reliable methods of transportation. Companies are usually tied
to deadlines and production dates; if the contract manufacturer can produce the part but
cannot ship it quickly and safely then they will probably not get the job. Improved
communications have also contributed to the rise of contract manufacturing because now
companies and firms all over the world are able to effectively communicate with each
other, giving bids, taking orders and overseeing production. Contract manufacturing is no
longer limited by borders but is open to firms who can meet the demands of interested
companies.

Types of Contract Manufacturing

 Aerospace contract manufacturing is used to produce parts and components of

air- and spacecraft.

 Chemical contract manufacturing is used to mix, create and synthesize liquids

and solid chemicals.

 Contract assembly refers to a process that involves one company sending loose
or modifiable components to a contract assembler. The business that receives the
separate parts assembles or changes them and makes a profit once the final
products are sold back to the business.

 Contract machining is a service offered by many contract manufacturers that

includes such processes as milling, wire eroding, punch press and laser cutting.

 Contract manufacturers produce products for another company, whose name

appears on the finished product when it is sold. Contract manufacturing services
involve any procedural actions performed by a contract manufacturer to meet the
needs of a buying company. These services include but are not limited to product

46
 design and validation, rapid prototyping, assembly, testing, and sustained
engineering.

 Electronic contract manufacturing is the agreement by which one company

manufactures electronic goods for a different company, which sells the product as
their own.

 Medical device contract manufacturing is the process through which one company
manufactures medical devices for another company's line.

 Military contract manufacturing produces vehicles, weapons, body armor,

structures and other items that are used by the military. 

 Outsource manufacturing is an alternate name given to contract manufacturing

that frequently has international connotations.

 Pharmaceutical contract manufacturing refers to the services provided by an

outside company for a pharmaceutical company; this often includes packaging
and labeling.

 Subcontract machining is another name for contract machining and is any one of
many mechanical processes involving a cutting tool.

Contract Manufacturing Terms & Conditions

 Bill of Materials (BOM) - a list which includes all subassemblies and

components that go into a certain product. The BOM also shows quantities of
each material used.

 Box-Built - refers to any assembly work that does not involve printed circuit board
production.

47
 Core Competencies - procedures or actions that are essential to a company's long
-term growth and success. Core competencies tend to be skills and knowledge
rather than company functions or products.

 Corrective Action Request (CAR) - an action request usually filed by an OEM that
asks the responsible business to conduct a cause analysis regarding the error and
to resolve the issue at hand.

 Engineering Change Order (ECO) - an alteration to a bill of materials (BOM) such

as the replacement of a specified component by a substitute for it. ECOs
commonly contain a reason and description for the change, and the date for
implementation of the change.

 High-Mix, Low-Volume - a production where low quantity products assembled

vary in design and process.

 Intellectual Property (IP) - any unique product developed by human intellect. IPs
include inventions, ideas, and business methods.

 Joint Service Agreement (JSA) - A contract and document used to define

processes, performance estimations, and expectations for the contract
manufacturer and the OEM. It also serves to reduce misunderstandings which
sometimes occur.

 Low-Mix, High-Volume - a production that includes one or few variations of a

high quantity good.

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 Manufacturing and Supply Agreement (MSA) - a contract designed to outline
responsibilities between a contract manufacturer and the OEM which purchases
the product(s). MSAs describe what the manufacturer is to provide for the OEM
and at what cost.

 New Product Introduction (NPI) - a set of procedures used to turn a product design
into a product ready for manufacturing. The product must also meet quality, cost,
and time -to -market requirements.

 Nonrecurring Expense (NRE) - one or more activities/items required by a contract

manufacturer that are specific to a single OEM's product program. Some NREs
include special tooling, programming, and setup.

 Original Design Manufacturer (ODM) - any company that manufactures its own
unique product. From the ODM, the product is commonly sold to an OEM. ODM
designs are based on their own intellectual property.

 Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) - a business that specifies and designs

products under its own name. With outsourcing, many OEMs obtain "their"
products from another source.

 Outsourcing - the procedure used to subcontract a process. Product designs and

manufacturing techniques are commonly outsourced by a third -party company
such as a contract manufacturer.

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 Prototype - an original model or mock -up of a technological process or device.
They're used to generate criticisms and other information that will help the final
design before production takes place.

 Request for Quote (RFQ) - a document prepared by an OEM and submitted to a

contract manufacturer. The RFQ contains product quantities and specifications, as
well as aBOM.

 Time to Market - the time required to bring a quality product into the market.

 Time to Volume - length of time necessary to turn a prototype into a high -volume
production good.

 Volume Price Agreement (VPA) - a contract service agreement that contains

deliverables, pricing, and cost reductions based on volume production.

CONTRACT MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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 DOCUMENTATION

Documentation may refer to the process of providing evidence ("to document

something") or to the communicable material used to provide such documentation (i.e. a
document). Documentation may also (seldom) refer to tools aiming at identifying
documents or to the field of study devoted to the study of documents and bibliographies.

Subfields of documentation include:

 Medical documentation

 Technical documentation (e.g. software documentation, product specifications,

data sheets, or a patent)

 Legal documentation (e.g. a travel document system)

 Administrative documentation

 Historical documentation

 Documentation In Computer Science:

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The following are different types of documentations usually seen in the Computer
Science field.

 Architectural and Design documentation.

 Technical Documentation.

 User Documentation.

 System Documentation.

 Marketing Documentation.

There are various types of Documentation Tools which are available for this purpose.

Documentation understood as document is any communicable material (such as text,

video, audio, etc., or combination thereof) used to explain some attributes of an object,
system or procedure. It is often used to mean engineering documentation or software
documentation, which is usually paper books or computer readable files (such as HTML
pages) that describe the structure and components, or on the other hand, operation, of a
system/product.

A professional whose field and work is documentation used to be termed a documentalist.

Normally, documentalists are trained or have a background in both a specific subject and
in the field of documentation (today information science). A person who more or less
exclusively writes technical documentation is called a technical writer. Technical writers
are similarly trained or have a background in technical writing, along with some
knowledge of the subject(s) they are documenting. Often, though, they collaborate with
subject matter experts (SMEs), such as engineers.

Common types of computer hardware/software documentation include online help,

FAQs, how-to, and user guides. The term RTFM is often used colloquially in regard to
such documentation, especially to computer hardware and software user guides.

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A common type of software document frequently written by software engineers in the
simulation industry is the SDF (software documentation folder). While developing the
software for a simulator, which can range from embedded avionics devices to 3D terrain
databases by way of full motion control systems, the engineer keeps a notebook detailing
the development lifecycle of the project. The notebook can contain a requirements
section, an interface section detailing the communication interface of the software, a
notes section to detail the proof of concept attempts to track what worked or didn't work
in solving certain problems, and a testing section to detail how the software will be tested
to prove conformance to the requirements of the contract. The end result is a detailed
description of how the software is designed, how to build and install the software on the
target device, and any known weaknesses in the design of the software. This document
will allow future developers and maintainers of the trainer to come up to speed on the
software design in as short a time as possible and have a documented reference when
modifying code or searching for bugs.

Principles

While associated ISO standards are not easily available publicly, a guide from other
sources for this topic may serve the purpose. David Berger has provided several
principles of document writing, regarding the terms used, procedure numbering and even
lengths of sentences, etc.

The following is a list of guides dealing with each specific field and type:

 Documentation in health care

 Thesis writing

 Further information: Dissertation

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  Papers for academic journal publishing (i.e. Journal of Food Science and
Analytical Chemistry)

Procedures and techniques

The procedures of documentation vary from one sector, or one type, to another. In
general, these may involve document drafting, formatting, submitting, reviewing,
approving, distributing, repositing and tracking, etc., and are convened by associated
SOPs in a regulatory industry.

DOCUMENTS INVOLVED IN HOME TRADE

1. Enquiry :- the prospective buyer writes a letter to the seller to know details about
the quality and price of goods and the terms and conditions related to it. Such a letter
is called enquiry. An enquiry may be made on telephone and through a letter. A
written inquiry is preferable. It should :

i. State fully type and quantity of goods required.

ii. Specify if samples of goods required.

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iii. Give the approximate quantity required

iv. Indicate whether the seller pays carriage or not.

v. Mention the time period within which goods are to be delivered and the mode of
delivery.

A SPECIMEN given below:

ENQUIRY
Windlass biotech ltd,
40/1, Mohabewala,
Dehradun – 248002.

Telephone :…………… Dated : October 5, 2010

Telegram :…………….
Enquiry No : 91/99

To,
XYZ Limited,
Industrial area,
Selaqui, Dehradun.

Dear Sir,
We want to buy the following items. Kindly quote your price and other terms and
conditions.
PRODUCT QUANTITY
Tablets 250
Syrups 300
Injections 280

Yours truly
Windlas biotech ltd.

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2. Quotation:- A quotation is a written reply by the seller to an inquiry
from the buyer containing detail about the quantity, quality, price, terms
and conditions, etc.

A SPECIMEN of quotation is given below :-

QUOTATION
XYZ Limited,
Industrial area,
Selaqui, Dehradun.

Telephone :…………… Dated : October 10, 2010

Telegram :…………….
Quotation No : 111

To,
Windlass biotech ltd,
40/1, Mohabewala,
Dehradun – 248002.

Dear Sir,
With reference to your enquiry no. 91/99 dated October 5, 2010 we quote as follows :-
PRODUCT QUANTITY PRICE/PIECE
Tablets 250 Rs. 8
Syrups 300 Rs. 65
Injections 280 Rs. 30

Delivery : Dehradun
Terms : One month after delivery, 18 percent interest.
Yours faithfully
XYZ limited.

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3. Order:- If the terms & conditions mentioned in the quotation are
acceptable, the buyer sends an order to the seller for purchase of goods.

57
A SPECIMEN of order is given below :-

58
4. Dispatch note:- When seller dispatch goods, he sends a dispatch note to the buyer
to inform him that the goods are being dispatched.

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A SPECIMEN of dispatch note is given below :-

DISPATCH NOTE
XYZ Limited,
Industrial area,
Selaqui, Dehradun.

Telephone :…………… Dated : October 20, 2010

Telegram :…………….

To,
Windlas biotech ltd,
40/1, Mohabewala,
Dehradun – 248002.
Order No : G/51

Dear Sir,
We have dispatched to you today by transport Truck No. UK-07 L 2332 DN carriage
paid, the following goods :

PRODUCT QUANTITY PRICE/PIECE

Tablets 250 Rs. 8
Syrups 300 Rs. 65
Injections 280 Rs. 30

Yours faithfully
XYZ limited.

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Invoice:- An invoice or bill is a commercial document issued by a seller to the buyer,
indicating the buyer must pay the seller, according to the payment terms. An invoice or
bill is a commercial document issued by a seller to the buyer, indicating the products,
quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller has provided the buyer.
An invoice indicates the buyer must pay the seller, according to the payment terms. The
buyer has a maximum amount of days to pay these goods and are sometimes offered a
discount if paid before.

In the rental industry, an invoice must include a specific reference to the duration of the
time being billed, so rather than quantity, price and discount the invoicing amount is
based on quantity, price, discount and duration. Generally speaking each line of a rental
invoice will refer to the actual hours, days, weeks, months etc being billed. From the
point of view of a seller, an invoice is a sales invoice. From the point of view of a buyer,
an invoice is a purchase invoice. The document indicates the buyer and seller, but the
term invoice indicates money is owed or owing. In English, the context of the term
invoice is usually used to clarify its meaning, such as "We sent them an invoice" (they
owe us money) or "We received an invoice from them" (we owe them money).

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A SPECIMEN of invoice is given below :-

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 WINDLAS BIOTECH LIMITED
(INVOICE UNDER RULE 11 OF CENTRAL EXCISE RULE – 2002)

TIN : 05000451269 Service Tax No. : AAACW3417CST001 0003197

Range : Dehradun Division : Dehradun
Tariff heading No. : 3003–10/3003-20 CE Regn. No. : 01-CH30/R II/DDN/2001
ECC No. : AAAC-W3417CXM001 Drug LIC Nos, : 2/UA/2001, 1/UA/SC/2001 DT. 3/7/2001
LST No. : DD/0229501 dt. 5-2-2001 CST No. : DD/5131501 dt. 2-4-2001
TIN : 05000451269 PAN No. : AAACW3417C

Exicise Challan/Invoice No. : Ex/10-11/0003197 Invoice Date : 12/11/10 DT. Of Preparation : 12/11/10
DT. Of Removal : 12/11/10
Bill to Customer
LUPIN LIMITED, THANE Order No. :LUPIN Drug Lic No.:20B OBW-1/
Sri Arihant Compnd Block N.C-1 Customer ECC No. : DD/21B OBW-1/DD/
KalherVill Thane Bhiwandi Road Range : TIN No. : 5000910584
City : Thane Division : LST/CST No. : 3451145230
C.ExReg.No. :
Consignee
LUPIN LIMITED
74/3 Rajpur road
Dehradun-248001
Transport method Transporter Name GR/RR No.
GR Date Vehicle No. Read Permit No.

SL. PRODUCT AND UNIT OF BATCH MFG. EXP. No. QTY UNIT AMNT.
No. PACK SALES No. DATE DATE OF CA RATE

1 CZ COLD TABLETS P-1X4 A0025WB 10- 9- 242 121,000 1.95 235950.0

PS-PACK 2010 2013

Total No.of Cases : 242 Gross Amount : 235,950

Qty/Trade Discount : 0.00
Cash Discount : 0.00
Transit Insurance : 0.00
Transportation Charges : 0.00
Assessable Value : 235,950
Excise Duty : 0.00
Total : 235,950
UPPT/CST EXEMPTED U/S 4A OF THE LST/CST : 0.00
UPTT ACT. Adjustment Amount : 0.00

NET TOTAL : 235,950.00

Gross Value In Words : TWO LAKH THIRTY FIVE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED FIFTY RUPEES AND ZERO PAISA ONLY.

Authorized Signatory

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5. Transfer ticket:- It is a document which is issued by the production department to
the sales and distribution department when the goods are handed over to that
department to distribute the goods.

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A SPECIMEN of transfer ticket is given below :-

WINDLAS BIOTECH LIMITED

40/1, Mohabewala indl. area, SBI road Dehradun – 248002.

TRANSFER TICKET
From : PRODUCTION LOCATION TO: WINDLAS BIOTECH LIMITED No: WBL/TT/10/P0635

(PACKING) FG Store Date: 13/11/10

Please receive the under mentioned finished goods and return one copy duly Signed. SO No. : SEP10-0086

Production description :

Item No. Description Quantity Unit of Variant Batch No. No. of

Measure code Shipper
FGINJ000D0207 DIACOBAL PLUS 1 INJ(SALE) 43.632 Amplous S-1X2ML OR10AU07 101

(Standard cartons containing ………………………………………………………………………………………………….Pac

Manufacturing Date : OCT – 2010 Expiry Date : MAR – 2012

Control Sample :…………………………… Test Report No. :…………………….…… Date :……………………………....

SIGNATURE
PRODUCTION IN – PROCESS Q.A.M (Received the above mentioned goods)

FG Store

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6. Docket document:- It is a document issued and signed by the shipping company
acknowledging that the goods mentioned in it have been received and also
undertaking to deliver the goods to the concerned party. A docket is a written
acknowledgement that a specified article or sum of money has been received as an
exchange for goods or services. The docket acts as the title to the property obtained in
the exchange.

In English speaking countries the term most frequently applies to the printed record
given to a consumer at checkout that lists the purchases made, the total amount of the
transaction including taxes, discounts and other adjustments, the amount paid and the
method of payment. Increasingly, these dockets may also include messages from the
retailer, warranty or return details, special offers, advertisements or coupons. Dockets
may also be provided for non-retail operations such as banking transactions. A docket
is a legal document. In many countries it is mandatory by law for retailers to give
dockets and to store information about every docket, so that the tax authority can
check that sales are not hidden.

Printed dockets are usually produced by thermal printing on rolls of narrow paper
tape, although dot-matrix technology is also used. Recent innovations have led to
multi-colored thermal printing technology and the ability to print double-sided
dockets.

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A SPECIMEN of docket document is given below :-

GATI REGD. OFFICE : GATI LTD. 1-7-293 M.G. ROAD, SECUNDERABAD-500 003, INDIA.
TRACK YOUR DOCKET
AHEAD IN REACH AN ISO 9001 CERTIFIED COMPANY

SHIPPER CODE - NO. OF PACKAGES ; D O C K E T

NAME : SAID TO CONTAIN : BOOKING DATE :
E-MAIL : DECLARED VALUE : ASSURED DELIVERY DATE :
TIN : TOTAL : B.K.G. CODE :
RECEIVER CODE - DOCKET No. D.L.V. CODE :
NAME : SHIPPER’S SIGNATURE, STAMP & COMMENTS: ACTUAL WEIGHT :
ADDRESS : CHARGED WEIGHT ;
TELEPHONE : RISK COVERAGE: SHIPPER’S RISK
E-MAIL : RECEIVER’S SIGNATURE, STAMP & COMMENTS:
CARRIER’S RISK
TIN :
RATES APPLICABLE :
CITY :
DOCUMENT’S ENCLOSED: CENVAT
STATE : NAME:…………………………………………………………
DATE:……………………….TIME:………………………..
PIN : WAY BILL

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 SALES RELATED DATA
• NET SALES :- Sales of the company in the
following years :-
 2009-10 – 108 crore.
Sales
 2008-09 – 82 crore.
 2007-08 – 65 crore.
 2006-07 – 60 crore. 2005-06
2009-10
 2005-06 – 54 crore. 2006-07

2007-08 2008-09

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• RATES OF DUTIES AND TAXES :-
 100% exempted from excise duty for 10 years from the date
of establishment.
 Sale tax – 4.5% monthly on the final cost of the product.
 Value added tax :-
 Intra - state :- 4.5%
 Inter - state :-
 1% with form “C”
 4.5% without form “C”

Life saving drugs are always exempted from any kind of

tax.
• Sale tax paid by the company in the financial year 2009-
10 is Rs. 1.25 cr.(approx).
• Newly setup unit gets a subsidy from District industry
centre up to 15% of the initial capital invested or Rs. 30
lakhs, whichever is less.

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

MEANING OF RESEARCH:
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define
research as a scientific & systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The Advanced learner's Dictionary of
current English lays down the meaning of research as a 'careful investigation as inquiry
especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.’ Redman & Mory
define research as a 'systematized effort to gain new knowledge.’ Some people consider
research as a movement, a movement from the know to the unknown. It is actually a
voyage of discovery. We all possess the vital instinct of inquisitiveness for, when the
unknown comforts us, we wonder & our inquisitiveness makes probe & attain full &
fuller understanding of the unknown. This inquisitiveness is the mother of all knowledge
& the method which man employs for obtaining the knowledge of whatever the unknown
can be termed as research.
Research is an academic activity & as such the term should be used in a technical sense.
According to Clifford woody research comprises defining & redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing & evaluation data,
making deductions & reaching conclusions, and at last carefully testing the conclusions
to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. D. Slesings & M. Stephenson in
the encyclopedia of social sciences define research as "the manipulation of things,
concept or symbol for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge,
whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art".
Research is, thus, an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for
its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison
& experiment. In short, the search for knowledge through objective & systematic method

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of finding solution to a problem is research. The systematic approach concerning
generalization & the formulation of a theory is also research. As such the term 'research'
refers to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problems, formulating a
hypothesis, collecting the facts of data, analyzing the facts & reaching certain conclusion
either in the form of solutions towards the concerned problem or in certain
generalizations for some the theoretical formulation.

SOURCES OF DATA:

The task of data collection being after a research problem has been defined & research
design checked out. While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the
study, the researcher should keep in mind two types of data i.e.:
1. Primary Data
2. Secondary Data.

 Primary Data
 Primary data is one which is collected by the investigator himself for the
purpose of a specific inquiry or study.
 Primary data are collected afresh and for first time.
 Such data is original in character and is generated by surveys conducted
by individuals or research institutions.

 Secondary Data

 Secondary Data when an investigator uses the data which has already
collected by others such data is called secondary data.

 This data is primary data for the agency that collects it and becomes
secondary data for someone else who uses this for his own purposes.

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  This can be obtain from journals, reports, govt. publication, publication of
professional and research organizations and so on.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

 Method of collecting primary data

 Observation method
 Interview method
 Schedules
 Questionnaires

i. Observation method-: The observation method is used to study relating to

behavioral sciences. Ex.-: Super Market.
ii. Interview method-: The interview method of collecting of data involves
presentation of oral stimuli and reply in terms of oral response. It can be used
through personal interviews and if possible, through telephone interview.
iii. Schedules method-: Schedule may be defined as a Performa that contains a
set of questions which are asked and filled by interviewer in a face to face
situation with another.
iv. Questionnaires method-: In this method questionnaire is fulfilled by
individual meet or sent (usually by post & email) to the persons concerned
with a request to answer the questions and return to questionnaire.

Types of Questions-:
 Background question
 Multiple choice or closed-end question
 Intensity question
 Free response or open-end question

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  Collection of Secondary Data

Data which is collected at first hand either by the researcher or a particular person
especially for purpose of the study is known as primary data. Primary data
become secondary data to another person for further study upon the topic.
Example-: internet search engine Google. Available data on this always be the
primary data but when we use to search any topic related to our study called
secondary data.

RESEARCH DESIGN:-

CLASSIFICATION OF SECONDARY DATA

Database
Source Category Medium format

Book &
internal periodical Hard copy reference

Government Local area

external source
publication online
Non govt.
association internet

directories

Industry
expert
Special
collection

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 A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing
research project. It details the procedures necessary for obtaining the information
needed to structure and/or solve marketing research problems.

E
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The present project “Auditing and entry of sales invoice and other related documents”
was studied on the basis of observations, records and data available of Windlas Biotech
Limited. The data used in this project is secondary data which is collected from
concerned authorities.

Methodology adopted:
 I have studied and understood the procedure of sale and purchase in the
Organization.
 The existing procedure of sale and purchase that is running in Windlas Biotech
Limited is studied in and understood. For this purpose actual observation, on the job
training, and gathering information from the concerned authorities and few past records.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Website: www.windlasbiotech.com.
2. Books : Commercial studies by C.B. Gupta.
3. Research Methodology : C. R. Kothari
4. Secondary data : Collected from my supervisor and heads of various
departments such as:
 Performa of various sales related documents.
 Sales figures of the company.
 Information about the working of the company.

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