PHYSICS PHOR PHUN PHUN PHACTS MATH AND SCIENCE TUTORING

PASO ROBLES, CA PHROM PHYSICS PHOR PHUN 805-610-1725

Calculus
use when... derivatives integrals
definition d f ( x + h) − f ( x ) d
dx ∫
slope of a line f ( x) = lim f ( x) dx = f ( x) + C
dx h →0 h
power rule powers of a d n 1 n +1
variable dx
x = nx n −1 ∫ f ( x) dx = n + 1 x + C
constants not a function of d
the variable dx
c=0 -
constant multiple d d
of a function dx
cf ( x) = c
dx
f ( x) ∫ cf ( x) dx = c ∫ f ( x) dx
identity d
function of one
dx
x =1 ∫ n dx = nx + C
addition/ two functions d d d
subtraction added or subtracted dx
[ f ( x) ± g ( x)] =
dx
f ( x) ±
dx
g ( x) ∫ [ f ( x) ± g ( x)] dx = ∫ f ( x) dx ± ∫ g ( x) dx
product d d d
two functions f ( x) g ( x) = g ( x ) f ( x) + f ( x ) g ( x )
multiplied dx dx dx -
quotient d d
division of two g ( x) f ( x) − f ( x) g ( x)
functions
d f ( x)
dx g ( x )
= dx
[ g ( x)]2
dx -
reciprocal d
reciprocal of a g ( x) 1
function
d 1
=− dx ∫ u du = ln u + C
dx g ( x) [ g ( x )]2
chain rule a function of a d d d
function is being
differentiated dx
f (u ( x )) =
du
f (u ) u ( x )
dx -
substitution a function and its
 du 
derivative are in an - ∫  f (u ) dx  dx = ∫ f (u) du
expression
implicit y is hard to solve d d dy
f ( y) =
for dx dy
f ( y)
dx -
definite integral of an
b

interval - ∫ f ( x)dx = F (b) − F (a)

a

exponential d x
ex e = ex ∫ e dx = e +C
x x

dx
d x bx
bx b = b x ln b ∫ b dx =
x
+C
dx ln b
d u du
eu e = eu ∫e du = e u + C
u

dx dx
d u du bu
bu b = b ln b ∫ b du = +C
u u
dx dx ln b
logarithmic when variable is in
ln y = ln b x
an exponent
d 1 d 1 1
ln x
dx
ln x = , x > 0;
x dx
ln x = , x ≠ 0
x ∫ x dx = ln x + C
d 1 du 1
ln u
dx
ln u =
u dx ∫ u du = ln u + C
d 1 1
logb x dx
log b x =
x ln b ∫ x ln b dx = log b x+C
d 1 du
logb u
dx
logb u =
u ln b dx -
©Physics Phor Phun 805-610-1725
 Trig functions
d du
sin u
dx
sin u = cos u
dx ∫ cos u du = sin u + C
d du
cos u
dx
cos u = − sin u
dx ∫ sin u du = − cos u + C
d du
tan u = sec u ∫ sec u du = tan u + C
2 2
tan u
dx dx
d du
cot u = − csc2 u ∫ csc u du = − cot u + C
2
cot u
dx dx
d du
sec u
dx
sec u = sec u tan u
dx ∫ sec u tan u du = sec u + C
d du
csc u
dx
csc u = − csc u cot u
dx ∫ csc u tan u dx = − csc u + C
Inverse trig functions
d 1 du 1
sin-1 u
dx
sin −1 u =
1− u 2 dx ∫ 1− u 2
du = sin −1 u + C

d 1 du 1
∫
−1
cos-1 u cos u = − du = − cos −1 u + C
dx 1 − u 2 dx 1− u 2

d 1 du 1
∫ 1 + u 2 du = tan u + C
−1
tan u -1
tan −1 u =
dx 1 + u 2 dx
d 1 du 1
∫ 1 + u 2 du = − cot u + C
−1
cot-1 u cot −1 u = −
dx 1 + u 2 dx
d 1 du 1
sec−1 u = ∫ u 1 − u 2 du = sec u + C
−1
sec-1 u
dx u u − 1 dx
2

d 1 du 1
csc−1 u = − ∫ u 1 − u 2 du = − csc u + C
−1
csc-1 u
dx u u − 1 dx
2

Hyperbolic functions
sinh x d du
dx
sinh u = cosh u
dx ∫ sinh u du = cosh u + C

cosh x d du
dx
cosh u = sinh u
dx ∫ cosh u du = − sinh u + C
tanh x d du
tanh u = sech u ∫ sech u du = tanh u + C
2 2

dx dx
coth x d du
dx
coth u = −csch 2 u
dx ∫ csc h 2 u du = − cot u + C

sech x d du
dx
sech u = −sech u tanh u
dx ∫ sech u tanh u du = −sech u + C

csch x d du
dx
csc u = −csch u coth u
dx ∫ csch u tanh u dx = −csch u + C

Inverse hyperbolic fuctions

d 1 1
sinh-1 x sinh −1 x = ∫ du = sinh −1 u + C
dx 1+ x2 1+ u2
d 1 1
cosh-1 x
dx
cosh −1 x =
x2 − 1
∫ u2 −1
du = − cosh −1 u + C , {u > 1

d 1 1
∫ 1 − u 2 du = tanh u + C ,
−1
tanh-1 x tanh −1 x = , {x <1 {u < 1
dx 1 − x2
d 1 1
∫ 1 − u 2 du = − coth u + C ,
−1
coth-1 x coth −1 x = , {x >1 {u > 1
dx 1 − x2
d 1 1
sech −1 x = − ∫ u 1 − u 2 du = −sech u
−1
sech-1 x , {0 < x < 1 +C
dx x 1 − x2
d 1 1
csch-1 x sech −1 x = , {x ≠ 0 ∫ u 1 + u 2 du = −csch u
−1
+C
dx x 1 + x2
©Physics Phor Phun 805-610-1725