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Genetics in Transfusion Medicine

Genetics is important to transfusion medicine because blood group antigens generally follow predictable inheritance patterns and accurate pathogen testing relies on understanding genetics. There are several key areas of genetics relevant to transfusion medicine: classic genetics defines phenotypes and genotypes; population genetics applies principles like Mendel's laws of inheritance and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; and molecular genetics examines processes like DNA replication, transcription, and translation that determine blood group antigens. Understanding inheritance patterns is also important for determining blood type.

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Marydith Ortillo
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270 views20 pages

Genetics in Transfusion Medicine

Genetics is important to transfusion medicine because blood group antigens generally follow predictable inheritance patterns and accurate pathogen testing relies on understanding genetics. There are several key areas of genetics relevant to transfusion medicine: classic genetics defines phenotypes and genotypes; population genetics applies principles like Mendel's laws of inheritance and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; and molecular genetics examines processes like DNA replication, transcription, and translation that determine blood group antigens. Understanding inheritance patterns is also important for determining blood type.

Uploaded by

Marydith Ortillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Basic Genetics: Overview of the significance of genetics in transfusion medicine, highlighting its critical role in maintaining safe blood supply and applying codominant inheritance.
  • Importance to Transfusion Medicine: Discusses the critical role of genetics in transfusion medicine, focusing on blood group genetics and pathogen testing.
  • Classic and Population Genetics: Covers fundamentals of classic genetic concepts including phenotype, genotype, as well as population genetics principles such as Mendel’s laws and the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
  • Mendel’s Contributions: Highlights Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics through his studies with pea plants and the foundational laws of heredity he established.
  • Hardy-Weinberg Principle: Defines the Hardy-Weinberg principle, fundamental to understanding allele frequencies in a population.
  • Inheritance Patterns: Details various genetic inheritance patterns, including autosomal and X-linked traits.
  • Cellular Genetics Overview: Provides a broad overview of cellular genetics, including mitosis, meiosis, and cell division mechanisms.
  • Molecular Genetics: Explores molecular genetics with a focus on DNA structure, replication, and essential genetic processes like transcription and translation.

Basic Genetics

Prepared by:
Winona Mei A. Reyes, RMT
How is Genetics important to Transfusion
Medicine?
Many areas of transfusion medicine rely on an
understanding of blood group genetics and on accurate
and sensitive methods of pathogen testing to keep the
blood supply safe. Most of the antigens in the various
blood group systems generally follow straightforward
inheritance patterns, usually of a codominant nature
• Classic Genetics
– Phenotype: antigens present Genetics
on all blood cells are
• Cellular Genetics
expressed
– Mitosis
– Genotype: controls what
antigens may be expressed on – Meiosis
the cell – Cell Division
• Population Genetics • Molecular Genetics
– Mendel’s Law of Segregation – DNA
– Mendel’s Law of Independent – Replication
Assortment – Repair, mutation, isolation
– Hardy-Weinberg Principle – RNA
– Inheritance Pattern – Transcription & Translation
• Population Genetics
–Mendel’s Law of Segregation
–Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment
–Hardy-Weinberg Principle
–Inheritance Pattern
History
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
p+q=1
P2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

p = gene frequency of the dominant allele


q = frequency of the recessive allele

Cornerstone of population genetics


Inheritance Pattern
• Autosomal: traits not carried on sex chromosomes
• Recessive trait
• Dominant trait
• X – linked
• Dominant X – linked trait
• Recessive X – linked trait
• Autosomal dominant trait: do not skip generations
• Cellular Genetics
– Mitosis
– Meiosis
– Cell Division
• Molecular Genetics
– DNA
– Replication
– Repair, mutation, isolation
– RNA
– Transcription & Translation
DNA
A T

G C
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION

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