Department of Textile Engineering

Faculty of Science & Information Technology

Project
On
Study on knitting Machineries

Course Title: Project/Thesis

Course Code: TE-407

Supervised By:
[Link] Mahbubul Hoque
Head of the Department of TE
Faculty of science and information Technology
Daffodil International University

Submitted By:

SL. Name ID Major subject

01 [Link] Amin 083-23-1100 FMT
02 [Link] Hassan 091-23-1210 FMT
03 R-Rahman 091-23-1182 FMT

Date of submission: 12/12/2012

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 STUDY ON KNITTING MACHINARIES

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First we express our heartiest thanks and gratefulness to almighty Allah for His divine
blessing makes us possible to complete this project successfully. We fell grateful to and
wish our profound indebtedness to our Supervising teacher [Link] Mahabubul Haque
Head of the Department of TE, Daffodil International University, Dhaka.

Deep Knowledge & keen interest of our supervisor in the field of knitting machineries to
us to carry out this project .His endless patience ,scholarly guidance ,continual
encouragement , constant and energetic supervision, constructive criticism , valuable
advice ,reading many inferior draft and correcting them at all stage have made it possible
to complete this project.

We would like to express our heartiest gratitude again him for his kind help to finish our
project and also to other faculty member and the staff of TE department of Daffodil
International University.

We would like to thank our entire course mate of Daffodil International University, who
took part in this discuss while completing the course work.

We would like to thanks [Link] Hossain GM, Anlima Knitting Industries Ltd.
He helped us by supporting to collect sample fabric in deferent sections from his factory
And providing others important information.

Finally, we must acknowledge with due respect the constant support and patients of our
parents.

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 DECLARATION

We declare that this thesis paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of

B. Sc in Textile Engineering degree of Daffodil International University. The total thesis

work is written on our own language and on the basis of our thesis work and by the help

of our honorable sir [Link] Mahabubul Haque There is no part of this paper consists of

borrowed materials or reproduced from others.

Paper Prepared By:

Name of the student Student ID Signature

1. Md. Ruhul Amin 083-23-1100 ………………….

2. Mahmudul Hassan 091-23-1210 ………………….

3. R-Rahman 091-23-1182 ………………….

Signature of supervising teacher

………………………..

[Link] mahabubul Haque

Head of the Department of TE.
Daffodil International University

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

SL CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1 Abstract 07

2 Objective of the Study 08

3 CHAPTER-1 09
Introduction

4 CHAPTER-2 10-11
Background of the study

5 CHAPTER-3
Terminology and Definitions

3.1. Stitch Length 12

[Link] and Wales 12
[Link] per Inch 13
[Link] per inch 13
[Link] Gauge 13
[Link] Gauge 13

6 CHAPTER-4
Experimental Study

4.1. Study on knitting machine

[Link] knitting machine 14
[Link] Jersey circular knitting machine 15
[Link] Jersey circular knitting machine(Rib) 16
[Link] Jersey circular knitting machine(Interlock) 17
[Link] Bed knitting Machine 18
[Link] of knitting machine 20
[Link] Description 21 -28

[Link] study

[Link] on Anlima Textile 29-33

4.2.2 Study [Link] knit composit 34-36

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 [Link] on Hams Textile mils Ltd 37-38
[Link] on Biswas Ltd 39-41
[Link]-5
Discussion of the Result
5.1 Available Brand of knitting machine in
Our surveyed industries 42
5.2 .Different number of needle used in knitting
Machine in our surveyed industries 43
5.3. Different machine gauge & dia in
Knitting machine in our surveyed 44
5.4 Different number of feeder & cam
Used in knitting machine in our surveyed . 45

[Link] in knitted fabric

Produced in our surveyed industries. 45
[Link] dia in knitted fabric produced
In our surveyed 46
[Link] for different number of feeder, dia,
Gauge of surveyed Knitting machines. 47

5.8. different Stitch Length, Finish gsm Finish dia for different yarn
count, machine dia, machine Gauge, of fabrics used in the
surveyed factories. 48 -49

5.9. Production per day for different

types of brand, machine RPM, gauge, dia. 50

8 CHAPTER-6
6.1 Recommendation 51
6.2 Conclusion 51

9 CHAPTER-7
Appendix 52

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 7.1 Bibliography
7.2Website
7.3 Reference
ABSTRACT
This paper present the analysis and modeling

There are many kinds of knitted fabric produced in our country. Quality and production
of Knit fabric depends on the machine quality. Different number of needle, machine
Gauge , machine DIA, no of feeder used in the knitting machine on the requirement of
the fabric quality. In knitted fabric different stitch length and GSM is contain. For fulfill
this requirement it must be changed the machine equipments.

For our project at first we have surveyed four industries and collect some information
from machine. Then discuss about all collected information. Finally we make some
important data.

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 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

In Textile manufacturing industry of Bangladesh knitted fabric & woven fabric are
available. Production of knitted fabric is respectively more than woven fabric. In the
knitting Industry different kinds of knitting machine are used . The objective of our study
is to find out which types of knitting machine is used to produce Fabric. How many
machine Brands are available for production in our country. we have discuss here about
production rate of knitted fabric. which type of machine needle is used in the knitting
machine. and we have know about machine Gauge, machine dia, machine RPM, stitch
length and details about it.

Although it is not enough for this topics we have try to Discuss Proper information about
knitting machines. We would like to encourage others to research or study on it so that
the problem related within can be identified also can be resolved.

1. To know about different machine brand.

2. Know about maximum useable Brand origin
3. To know maximum and minimum machine gauge
4. To know maximum and minimum machine dia.
5. To know maximum and minimum number of needle
6. To know about stitch length of the knitted fabric when stitch length will be
increase or decrease.
7. To know GSM of knitted fabric.
8. To know about machine RPM.
9. To know about the number of feeder.
[Link] know details about the machine

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CHAPETR-1

INTRODUCTION

knit garments is the most export oriented garments of Bangladesh.70% export garments
is knit garments and 100% knitted fabric is produced in Bangladeshi knitting Industries
there are many knitted industry established in Bangladesh.
In the knitting industry many types & branded knitting machine is used in Bangladesh.
various number of needles, machine gauge, machine dia, feeder is used in different
knitting machines. And there production rat is different.
In our project we have surveyed some knitting industries and knitting machine .now we
discuss about details.

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Chapter-2
Background of the study

Knitting:
Knitting is a method by which thread or yarn may be turned into cloth or other fine crafts.
Knitted fabric consists of consecutive rows of loops, called stitches. As each row
progresses, a new loop is pulled through an existing loop. The active stitches are held on
a needle until another loop can be passed through them. This process eventually results in
a final product, often a garment.

Knitting can be divided into two classes. These are

1. Circular Knitting
2. Flat Knitting

Circular knitting can be further classified into two ways. Most of the knitted fabric
produces in this way.

The main forms of knitting are:

1. Weft Knitting
2. Warp Knitting

Weft Knitting: Weft knitting is a method of fabric forming in which the loops are made
in horizontal way from a single yarns and intermeshing of loops takes place in a circular
or flat form of across wise basis. In this method, feeding is one yarn at a time to a
multiplicity of fashion. Most of the weft knitting is of tubular form. Weft knitting is a
method of fabric forming in which the loops are made in horizontal way from a single
yarns and intermeshing of loops takes place in a circular or flat form of across wise basis.
In this method, feeding is one yarn at a time to a multiplicity of fashion. Most of the weft
knitting is of tubular form.

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 Fig: Weft Knit Fabric

Firstly weft knitted fabric can be divided into two classes. These are
a. Single Jersey or Plain Jersey Fabric
b. Double Jersey

Double jersey fabric can be divided into two classes. These are
a. Rib Fabric
b. Interlock Fabric

There are lots of derivatives in single jersey fabric. Some important and popular
derivative of single jersey fabric is given hereunder.

 Single Jersey 100%

 Single La-coste
 Double La-coste
 Double Pique/ Polo Pique
 Terry Fleece
 French Terry
 Fleece
 Thick Fleece
 Jersey Blister
 Popcorn, Etc

1. Warp Knitting: Warp knitting is a method of fabric forming in which the loops
are made in a vertical way along the length of the fabric from each warp yarns and
intermeshing of loops takes place in a flat form of lengthwise basis. Here,
numerous ends of yarns are being fed simultaneously to individuals needles
placed in a lateral fashion. Most of the knitted structure is flat or open width form.

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 Warp knit fabric

Chapter-3
Terminology and Definition

[Link] length:
Stitch length is theoretically a single length of yarn which include one needle loop half
the length of yarn (half of a sinker loop) between that needle loop and the adjacent needle
loops on either side of it. Loop exists in coarse length and it is that which influence fabric
dimensional and other properties including weight. In the knit stitch on the left, the next
(red) loop passes through the previous (white) loop from below, whereas in the purl stitch
(right), the next stitch enters from above. Thus, a knit stitch on one side of the fabric
appears as a purl stitch on the other, and vice versa.

[Link] and Wales:

There are 2 things making the knit fabric. They are course and Wales. Wales is the
vertical yarn. Course is the horizontal yarn.

Wales lines are fixed by the machine gauge. This cannot be changed. Coarse lines can be
altered by adjusting in the machine. This is called Texture.

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[Link] per inch:

measured by placing an inch glass called counting glass on the fabric and counting the
number of courses are contained within the area. This values very if the fabric is
distorted.

[Link] per inch:

Wales per inch are measured by placing an inch glass called counting glass on the fabric
and counting the number of Wales, which are contained within the area. This values very
if the fabric is distorted.

[Link] gauge:

In knitting, the word gauge is used both in hand knitting and machine knitting; the latter,
technical abbreviation GG refers to "Knitting Machines" fineness size. In both cases, the
term refers to the number of Needles contained in one inch of the needle bed in knitting
machine. A needle gauge makes it possible to determine the size of a knitting needle.

Total number of needles can be determined by the help of needle gauge. The formula is
following.

Number of Needles = M/C Diameter * Needle Gauge * ∏ (3.1416)

[Link] Gauge:

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Knitting machine gauge is used to express the number of needles in a unit length of the
needle bed. This needle bed may flat or circular. In circular double knit machine it used
for cylinder as well as dial. Knitting machine gauge is denoted by alphabet “E”. The
formula is

Machine Gauge=number of needle/inch

CHAPTER-4

[Link] on knitting machine

[Link] knitting machine:

We offer circular knitting machines that make the fabric for inner and over wear
purposes. These machines are widely used to meet the needs of apparel and textile
industry.  The circular machine has yarn creel where yarn packages are mounted. The
yarn the passes through moving needles which are controlled by cylinder & cams. It is
manufactured in compliance with prescribed quality standards using high-grade material.
Our clients can avail it in their preferred dimensions at affordable prices.

We are manufacturing 4 types of circular knitting machines.

* Single jersey or sinker body machines.

* Double jersey or interlock machines.
* Rib machines.
* Flate bed knitting machine

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4.1.2Single Jersey Knitting Machine:

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[Link] Jersey knitting machine(Rib)

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4.1.4 Double jersey circular knitting machine(Interlock)

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4.1.5. Flate Bed knitting machine

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 [Link] of knitting Machine

1. Creel 17. Cylinder Balancer

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 2. Pipe 18. ON/OFF Switch
3. VDQ Pulley 19. Power Switch
4. Pulley belt 20. Automatic oiler
5. Brush 21. Motor
6. Knot Cather 22. Machine motherboard
7. Tension Disk 23. Manual drive
8. Inlet top motion [Link] Ring
[Link] guide
[Link] Wheel [Link] box
[Link] 26. Cam
[Link] stop motion [Link] attachment
[Link] ring 28. Lycra stop motion
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]/dial
16Needle track 31. Screen
[Link]

4.1.7 Description of elements:

Needle:

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metal needle is the principle knitting element of the knitting machine. Prior to yarn
feeding, the needle is raised to clear the old loop from the hook and to receive the new
loop above it on the needle stem. The new loop is then enclosed in the needle hook as the
needle stars to go down. The hook then draws the new loop down through the old loop as
the latter slides over the out side of the descending bridge of the closed hook. All needles
must therefore have some method of closing the needle hook to retain the new loop and
exclude the old loop.

Fig. needle

Sinker: The Sinker is the second primary knitting element. It is a thin metal plate with an
individual or a collective action operating approximately at right angles from the hook
side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles. It may perform one or more of the
following functions, dependent upon the machines knitting action and consequent sinker
shape and movement: Loop formation, Holding down and Knocking-over.

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 Fig. sinker

Cams: Cams are the devices which convert the rotary machine drive in to a suitable
Reciprocating action for the needles and other elements in the circular knitting machine.
They are placed in the cam box.

Fig. Cam

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Positive feeder: A feeder supplies yarn to needles. A positive feeder contains the
following parts.

[Link] feeder

Fig: positive feeder

a. Knot catcher: This part finds any fault in yarn.

b. signal lamp: when knot catcher finds any fault this part light s on .
c. Yarn tension: this part gives proper tension to yarn for proper knitting.
d. Storing unit: Sufficient yarn is stored here

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Creel: This part is used to continue yarn packages.

Fig. creel

Cylinder: The needles are set into the trick of cylinder and the cylinder moves with
needles This frame contains needles, cams, jacks, and sinkers.

Fig. cylinder

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Lycra Feeding Device: Lycra feeding device provides a 100 % positive yarn in feed of
Lycra fibers on circular knitting machines. Lycra feeding device units are available to
ensure ease of operation on different circular knitting machines. One unit can serve up to
four knitting systems.

[Link] feeding device

Fig: Lycra feeding Device

Take-up roller: After producing fabric take up roller take up the fabric.

Fig. Take up roller

Indicator: It’s indicated the any type of yarn breakage or faults in m/c.
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Needle detector: This part detect the any type of faults of needles.

PULSONIC Pressure Oiler: Assured even oil distribution over the entire circumference
of the cylinder. Oil volume can be set separately for each lubricating point. Low oil
consumption, since no oil is wasted at the lubrication points. Low power costs as no

Fig. plutonic Pressure oiler

Adjustable fan: This part removes lint, hairy fiber from yarn and others. To clean the
dust by air flow.

Fig: Adjustable fan

Sinker ring: Sinkers are placed in sinker ring.

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 Fig .sinker ring

VDQ pulley: This part is used to control stitch length of the knitted fabric.

[Link] pulley

Timing belt/Tooth belt: This part helps machine to stop immediately.

Fig. Timing belt

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Air gun nozzle: To feed the yarn; sometimes it is used for cleaning purpose.

[Link] gun nozzle

Fig: Air nozzle

Micro processor: It is used for driving m/c & feeding yarn & delivered fabric is
controlled by it.

Fig. Micro processor

Expander: To control the width of the knitted fabric. No distortion of the knitting
courses. Even take down tension in the knitting machine. As a result, an even fabric

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structure is achieved over the entire fabric width. The deformation of the knitted fabric
goods can be reduced.

Fig. Expander

Uniwave Lubricators: The Unweave lubricator provides uniform lubrication to needles,

cam tracks, lifters and other knitting machine components. The patented nozzle
construction separates the air-oil mixture into air and droplets of oil.

[Link] Lubricator

Fig: Unweave Lubricators

[Link] study

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[Link] textile
Table-1:single jersey circular knitting machine
Fabric type: single jersey fabric
Total no. of machine:23

No. of Brand Origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

machine name gauge feeder Needle
05 Mayre & cie Germany 28 30 90 2411
04 Mayre & cie Germany 24 26 78 1959
01 Mayre & cie Germany 20 30 90 2260
03 Mayre & cie Germany 24 28 84 2110
02 Mayre & cie Germany 24 32 96 2411
02 Mayre & cie Germany 26 30 90 2260
04 Mayre & cie Germany 24 32 96 2411
02 Mayre & cie Germany 20 30 90 2260

Table-2:Double jersey circular knitting machine(interlock)

Fabric type: interlock fabric
No of machine:05

No. of Brand origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

machine name gauge feeder Needle
02 Terrot Germany 24 30 90 2260

02 Terrot Germany 28 30 96 2411

01 Terrot Germany 24 32 90 2260

Table-3:Double Jersey circular knitting machine(Rib)

Fabric type: Rib fabric
Total No of machine:07

No. of Brand origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

machine name gauge feeder Needle
02 Terrot Germany 16 38 108 2712

03 Terrot Germany 18 38 108 2712

01 Terrot Germany 18 30 96 2712

01 Terrot Germany 16 30 96 2552

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Table-4:single Jersey circular Knitting machine
Fabric Type:3-thread fleece
No of machine:04

No. of Brand origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

machine name gauge feeder Needle

04 Mayer & Germany 20 30 90 2260

cie

Table-5:Single Jersey circular knitting machine

Fabric Type:2-thread fleece
No of machine:08

No. of Brand origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

machine name gauge feeder Needle

05 Mayer & Germany 20 30 90 2268

cie
02 Mayer & Germany 24 30 90 2268
cie
01 Mayer & Germany 20 32 96 2411
cie

Table-6:Auto stripe
Fabric Type: Stripe fabric
No of Machine:03

No. of Brand origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

machine name gauge feeder Needle

02 Mayer & Germany 20 30 90 2268

cie
01 Mayer & Germany 24 30 90 2268
cie

Table-7:jacqured
Fabric type: ornament knitted fabric
No of Machine:02

No. of Brand origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

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machine name gauge feeder Needle

01 Mayer & Germany 20 30 90 2268

cie
01 Mayer & Germany 24 30 90 2268
cie

Table-8:Flate bed knitting Machine

Fabric type: Collar, Cuff
No of Machine:10

No. of Brand origin Machin gauge Machine dia No of No. of Needle

machine name feeder
In Collar IN Cuff
Mayer& 1200
05 Gemany 54 14 740X2 450 Pc
cie Pc
Mayer& 1200
03 Germany 54 14 740X2 450 Pc
cie Pc
Mayer&ci 1200
02 Germany 54 14 740X2 450 Pc
e Pc

The fabric produced in Anlima knit composite

Single Jersey:
Plain
Drope needle
Lacoste
Frence Terry
Feeder Stripe
4 track structure

Interlock:
Plain
Drope needle
Interlocks Pique
Swiss double pique
Frence double pique
Popline variegated Interlock

Rib:
Full needle Rib
Drope needle Rib
Drope face Rib

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 Flate Back Rib
Full & Half cardigan
32 lock structure

Fleece:
3-thread fleece
Terry fleece with different sinker hight
Single jersey plush
Revers plated
Micro fleece
Polar fleece

Auto- striper:

Single jersey
Pique
Engineering stripe
Float & tuck structure
Fleece stripers

Auto striper Jacquard:

Full jacquard single jersey

Pique
Lacoste Fabrics
Jacquard striper fabrics

Flate knitting:

Plain
Tipping
Yarn dyed
Birds eye
Butt design
Tipping & various semi-jacquard design collars & cuff.

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[Link] knit composite:
Table-9: single jersey circular knitting machine
Fabric Type: single Jersey fabric
Total no. of machine:24

No. of Brand origin Machin Machine dia No of No. of

machine name gauge feeder Needle
05 Pai lung Taiwan 24 32 96 2411

01 Jiun Lung Taiwan 24 32 96 2411

07 Pai lung Taiwan 24 30 90 2260

02 Jiun Lung Taiwan 24 30 90 2260

01 Top knit Korea 20 36 108 2260

03 Pai lung Taiwan 24 26 78 1959

01 Top knit Korea 24 34 102 2552

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 34 102 2552

01 Jiun Lung Taiwan 24 28 84 2110

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02 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 28 84 2110

Table-10:Double Jersey circular knitting machine(Rib)

Fabric type: Rib fabric
Total no. of Machine:06

M/C No Brand Origin Dia in inch No of feede Gauge No of needle

name
02 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 36 108 2712

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 34 102 2512

03 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 32 96 2411

Table-11:Double Jersey circular knitting machine(Interlock)

Fabric Type: Interlock fabric
Total No of machine:12

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch No of feede Gauge No of needle

03 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 96 32 2411

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 18 108 36 2034

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 18 108 36 2712

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 18 120 40 1695

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 18 120 40 2260

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 90 30 2260

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 24 102 34 2411

01 Pai Lung Taiwan 18 126 42 2373

Table-12:Flate Bade knitting Machine

Type of Fabric: Collar & Cuff
No of Machine:04

No of Brand Origin No of Gauge Carrier Type of

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machine name needle M/C

04 Shima Seiki Japan 840*2 14 8 Corp

[Link]

End products of Circular Knitting Machine:

Single Jersey M/C:
a) S/J Plain
b) Single lacoste
c) Double lacoste
d) Single pique
e) Double pique
f) Mini jacquard
g) Terry
h) Fleece
Interlock M/C:
a) Interlock pique
b) Eleyet fabric

c) Mash fabric
d) Honeycomb fabric
e) Face/Back rib

Rib M/C:
a) 1*1 Rib fabric
b) 2*2 Rib fabric
c) Separation fabric
d) Honeycomb

End products of Flat Bed Knitting Machine:

a) Tripping
b) Plain
c) Emboss

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4.2.3 HAMS KNIT COMPOSIT:

Table -13: single jersey circular knitting machine

Fabric Type: single Jersey fabric
Total no. of machine:15

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch No of feede Gauge No of needle

01 Pailung Taiwan 30 18 44 1692

01 Pailung Taiwan 34 18 72 1920

01 Pailung Taiwan 36 18 72 2040

01 Pailung Taiwan 40 18 80 2256

01 Pailung Taiwan 42 18 84 2356

01 Pailung Taiwan 24 24 72 1800

02 Pailung Taiwan 26 24 78 1944

02 Pailung Taiwan 28 24 84 2112

02 Pailung Taiwan 30 24 90 2256

02 Pailung Taiwan 38 24 114 2856

42 Pailung Taiwan 42 24 126 3168

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Table-14: Double jersey circular knitting machine(Rib/Interlock)
Fabric Type: Rib/Interlock
Total no. of machine:02

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch Gauge No. of No of

feeder needle

02 Pailung Taiwan 30 24 442 2256

Table-15: Flate bed knitting machine

Fabric Type: Collar & cuff
Total no. of machine:04

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch Gauge No of needle

02 Pailung Taiwan 40 14 1020

02 Pailung Taiwan 52 14 1020

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4.2.4 Biswas Limited:
Table-16: Single Jersey circular knitting machine
Fabric Type: Single Jersey fabric
Total no. of machine:19

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch Gauge No. of No of

feeder needle

01 Manhua Taiwan 32 24 96 2411

01 Manhua 30 18 96 2712

01 Manhua Taiwan 23 24 78 1959

01 Manhua Taiwan 17 24 108 2712

01 Manhua Taiwan 18 24 120 1695

01 Manhua Taiwan 20 24 90 2260

01 Manhua Taiwan 22 24 90 2260

03 Manhua Taiwan 30 18 90 2260

03 Manhua Taiwan 30 19 96 2552

04 Manhua Taiwan 26 18 78 1995

01 Manhua Taiwan 26 18.5 78 1995

01 Manhua Taiwan 26 19 96 2712

Table-17: Double Jersey Knitting machine(Rib/Interlock)

Fabric Type: Double Jersey fabric
Total no. of machine:09

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch Gauge No. of No of

feeder needle

03 Sun da dask Taiwan 42 16 126 3168

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01 Sun da dask Taiwan 24 24 78 1995
01 Sun da dask Taiwan 38 24 90 2411
01 Manhua Taiwan 36 24 108 2260

01 Manhua Taiwan 28 24 90 2411

01 Manhua Taiwan 26 24 90 2260

01 Manhua Taiwan 24 24 78 1978

Table-18: Single Jersey circular knitting machine

Fabric Type: Polar Fleece
Total no. of machine:38

M/C No Brand Origin Dia in inch Gauge No. of No of needle

name feeder
15 Sun da dask Taiwan 28 19 96 2411
13 Sun da dask Taiwan 30 19 96 2268
10 Sun da dask Taiwan 26 19 96 2268

Table-19: Single Jersey circular knitting machine

Fabric Type: Sherpa Fleece
Total no. of machine:04

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch Gauge No. of No of

feeder needle

04 Grrand Taiwan 26 16 96 2552

course

Table-20: Single Jersey circular knitting machine

Fabric Type: Micro Fleece
Total no. of machine:63

M/C No Brand Origin Dia in inch Gauge No. of No of needle

name feeder
18 Sun da dask Taiwan 30 19 90 2260
06 Sun da dask Taiwan 30 19 90 2260
02 Sun da dask Taiwan 26 24 78 1995

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37 Sun da dask Taiwan 26-30 19 90 2260

Table-21: Single Jersey circular knitting machine

Fabric Type: Terry towel
Total no. of machine:23

M/C No Brand name Origin Dia in inch Gauge No. of No of

feeder needle

17 Grand Taiwan 30 22 90 2411

Courser
06 Minhua Taiwan 30 22 78 1995

End product
 Single jersey.
 Rib.
 Interlock.
 Micro fleece.
 Polar fleece.
 Mesh.
 Stripe.
 Tricot.
 Terry towel.
 Sherpa fleece etc.

CHAPTER-5

Discussion of the Result

5.1. Important Brands of knitting machine used in Bangladesh

Serial No. Brand Name Origin country

01 Terrot Germany
02 Mayer &Cie Germany
03 Fukuhara Japan
04 Keumyong Korea
05 Pailung Taiwan
06 Karl Mayer Germany
07 Grand Courser Taiwan
08 Ru Cuing Taiwan
09 Minhua Taiwan

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 10 Sun da Dask Taiwan
11 JY-Lee Taiwan
12 Origio Italy
13 Chamber England
14 Falmark Singapur
15 Jidhao Chaina
16 Lisky Taiwan
17 Top knit Korea
18 Jiunn Lung Taiwan
19 Shima Seiki Japan
20 Matsuya Japan
21 Keum Young Korea

5.2. Number of needle used in knitting machine surveyed

Single Jersey Rib Interlock Auto stripe

1800 2411 1695 1500
1808 2562 2034 2256
1872 2712 2260 2260
1932 3840 2373 2712
1944 4046 2411
1959 4080 2712
2110 4248 3840
2147 4521 4080
2260 4762 4968
2268
2411
2560
2562
2640
2712

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3014
4080
4248

In our surveyed industries for single jersey knitting machine minimum number of needle
is 1800 maximum number of needle is [Link] Rib machine number of needle used
range is [Link] Interlock 1695-4968. For Auto Striper 1500-2712

5.3. Machine Gauge & Dia used in knitting machine in our survayed:

Single Jersey Rib Interlock Auto stripe

Dia Gauge Dia Gauge Dia Gauge Dia Gauge
16 20 16 30 16 34 30 18 30 24
16 24 18 34 38 18 36 18
17 24 20 24 34 18 36 22
18 20 20 30 30 18 30 24
20 18 22 30 36 22
24 21 24 22 26 22
22 24 24 24 40 18
25 18 24 30 42 18
22 22 24 34 30 26
22 20 26 22 42 16
22 24 26 24 42 24
24 24 28 24 38 24
25 24 28 30 36 24
25 14 30 26 28 24
26 16 30 18 24 24
26 18 34 18 20 24
26 18.5 36 22 24 36

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26 19 36 24 18 34
26 22 36 18 24 34
26 24 38 18 24 30
28 19 38 24 16 30
28 24 40 18 22 30
30 22 42 16 38 18
30 28 42 18 34 18
30 26 42 24
34 18
34 24
34 26
36 20
36 22
38 24
38 22
38 20
40 18
40 26
42 18
42 24

In our surveyed industry for single jersey knitting machine minimum machine dia is 16
maximum is 42, In Rib 16 to 42, In interlock 16 to 42, In auto stripe 30,36.
machine Gauge for single jersey is 16 to 28, for Rib 16 to 34 for Interlock 16 to 34 & for
Auto striper 18 to 24.

5.4. Number of Feeders/knitting machine in the surveyed Factories:

Single Jersey Rib Interlock

51 54 90
56 60 96
57 64 108
64 72 120
70 76 126
72 96
78 102
84 108
90
96
102
108
114
120

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5.5. GSM used the knitted fabric produced in the surveyed Factiries:

Single jersey Rib Interlock

Grey GSM Finish GSM Grey GSM Finish GSM Grey GSM Finish GSM
120 140 180 200 180 200
140 150 200 220 200 220
150 160 220 280 210 250
160 180 220 280
150 190
180 200
175 210
200 220
180 240
220 260
In our surveyed industry Gsm of single jersey is minimum Grey gsm is 120 and for its
finish gsm 140. And maximum grey gsm is 235 finish gsm for its [Link] Rib machine
grey gsm is 180 to 220 for its finish gsm is 200 to 280. For interlock grey gsm is 180 to
220 finish gsm for its is 20 t0 280.

5.6. Dia (Finished) of knitted fabric in the surveyed Factories:

Single jersey Rib Interlock

30” open 52” open 52” open

52 ” open 54” open 56” open
60 ” open 56” open 70” open
64 ” open 60” open 72” open
65 ” open 72” open
72 ” open
74 ” open
75 ” open
76”open

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5.7. Machine Rpm for different number of feeder, dia, Gauge of surveyed Knitting
machines:

Rpm Feeder Dia Gauge

11 96 30 20
18 96 30 24
21 70 34 20
22 78 26 24
25 60 30 18
26 90 30 24
28 78 26 24
30 108 36 24
35 120 38 28
40 126 40 24

Here maximum Rpm is 40 minimum rpm is 11 used in surveyed industries. It can be seen
that for same dia as the machine speed decreases the no of feeders’ decreases. This
because as the no of feeders increases the width of cams decreases as a result the cam
angle will be high so that m/c speed must be reduced otherwise the needle will break.
Thus higher the numbers of feeder the lower the machine speed and vice versa.

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5.8. different Stitch Length, Finish gsm Finish dia for different yarn count, machine
dia, machine Gauge, of fabrics used in the surveyed factories:

Yarn count M/C dia M/C gage Finish GSM Finish dia Stitch
length
28 25 24 167 26 2.65
28 25 24 168 26 2.65
28 26 24 162 24.8 2.57
28 26 24 166 26.2 2.57
28 26 24 161 26.2 2.65
28 26 24 165 26 2.65
28 26 24 157 26 2.70
28 26 24 166 26.5 2.75
28 21 24 160 22 2.80
24 24 24 170 27 2.92
24 21 24 170 23 2.90
24 24 24 175 26 2.85
24 24 24 172 26 2.90
38 22 24 120 19 2.70
32 17 24 128 17 2.70
32 23 24 128 21 2.60
32 22 24 125 21 2.70
23 24 22 130 22 2.65
28 21 24 160 22 2.80
24 24 24 170 27 2.92
24 21 24 170 23 2.50
24 24 24 175 26 2.85
26 18 24 215 26 2.60
26 18 24 208 27 2.75
26 18 24 210 26.5 2.60
26 18 24 208 26 2.75
26 18 24 226 26 2.60
26 18 24 218 26 2.75
26 18 24 197 26 2.75
26 18 24 214 26 2.75
26 18 24 207 26 2.60
32 18 24 176 22.5 2.55
26 18 24 210 26.5 2.62
26 18 24 208 26 2.70
26 18 24 207 26 2.65

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 26 18 24 208 25 2.70
26 17 24 182 23 2.65
26 17 24 182 23 2.80
30 17 24 183 23 2.75
26 19 24 188 25.5 2.60
26 19 24 190 25.5 2.60
26 18 24 193 24 2.60
26 18 24 190 24 2.75
26 17 24 193 21 2.65
26 17 24 172 23 2.75
28 28 24 163 28 2.80
26 34 18 238 33 2.70
28 34 18 228 33 2.60
25 34 26 190 24 3
27 25 24 200 25 3.4
26 18 24 190 25 3.1
25 17 24 170 25.5 3.2
22 17 24 172 26 3.3
24 24 24 170 25 3.25

From this discussion minimum stitch length is 2.5 and maximum stitch length is 3.25 in
our surveyed industries.

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5.9. Production per day for different types of brand, machine RPM, gauge, dia.

Brand name Machine dia Machine No. of Feeder Rpm Production

gauge per day
Terrot 24 21 64 40 1800kg

Origio 24 30 96 35 900kg

Pai lung 24 34 108 35 900kg

Jiaho 24 34 96 32 800kg

Mayer & cie 20 30 96 30 750kg

Chamber 28 30 96 30 750kg

Terrot 24 22 70 30 750kg

Terrot 20 21 57 25 600kg

Sun da dask 30 28 90 20 495kg

Terrot 18 34 60 22 450kg

Lisky 20 24 96 21 400kg

Jiun lung 30 24 88 20 390kg

Falmark 24 26 72 19 300kg

Top knit 34 24 100 19 288kg

We have seen that maximum production is 1800kg per day & minimum production is
[Link] contain maximum production.

6.1 Recommendation

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1) We have experimented in 100% plain single jersey, double jersey fabric sample but
other fabrics have not experiment due to time limitation.

2) We haven experiment about the some knitting machine

3) All the experiment have been done only weft knit fabric for circular machine but not
any weft knitted fabric of flat bed machine is experimented.

4) We worked and analyze about machine parts, machine quality etc.

5) We worked on S/J fabric with different S/L and WPI and also different yarn count.

[Link]
The surveyed information can be divided into two types e.g. machine related and the
other is yarn and fabric related. The machine related parameters varied widely depending
on the machine manufacturers and their engineering skill to design knitting machine. The
yarn and fabric parameters are more or less similar. This is because most of our knitting
factories are engaged in producing fabrics for similar types of apparels purposes therefore
their parameters are nearly similar.

7.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Books:

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1. Knitting Technology; -David [Link]. (Third Edition)

2. Circular knitting; - Iyer/ Mammal/ Schacht.

3. KNITTING: FUNDAMENTALS, MACHINES, STRUCTURES and

DEVELOPMENTS
- N. Anbumani

7.2 WEBSITE:

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

7.3 REFERANCES:

• Internet
• Oeko Tex
• Texeurop (BD) Ltd.
• Dr. [Link] Haque,Head of TE dept.
• Seminar Paper.
• Books from daffodil international Library.
• Online Books

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