SUBJECT NAME – EMERGING EXPONENTIAL TECHNOLOGIES

SUBJECT CODE – 20MBA301

Text Books:
Name of the Edition and
Sl. No Title of the book Publisher Name
Author/s year
Designing for Emerging
Technologies: UX for
1 Genomics, Follett, J. O'Reilly Media 2014
Robotics, and the Internet of
Things
Emerging Technologies for
2 Vong, J., & Song, I. Springer Singapore 2014
Emerging Markets
Disruption: Emerging
Technologies and the Future
3 Del Rosal, V. Emtechub. 2015
of
Work
Emerging Internet-Based
4 Sadiku, M. N. O CRC Press 2019
Technologies
 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

After completing this chapter, the students will be able to:

• Develop knowledge about the era of industrial revolutions

• Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution possible
• Analyze the changing conditions created by the industrial revolution in both Europe and
the united states
• Understand the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, continental Europe,
and the United States.
• Describe the technological innovations that spurred industrialization
• Identifies and understand the programmable device
• Understand concepts relating to the design of human-computer interfaces in ways making
computer-based systems comprehensive, friendly and usable.
• Develop general knowledge about emerging technologies
What does Emerging Technologies mean?
• Interesting fact - Technology Means "science of the mechanical and industrial arts" (first recorded

in 1859).

• Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology

• It may also refer to the continuing development of existing technology

• The term ‘Emerging Technologies’ commonly refers to technologies that are currently developing,

or that are expected to be available within the next five to ten years, and is usually reserved for

technologies that are creating or are expected to create significant social or economic effects.
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution:

• The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took
place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.

• The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor more
efficient and productive.

The four types of industries are:

• The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
• The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
• Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
• The quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT

Brainstorm: What are the most important inventions of

industrial revolutions?
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution:

Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed and transfer the
world around us into modern society.

• The steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0)

• The age of science and mass production (Industrial Revolution 2.0)
• The rise of digital technology (Industrial Revolution 3.0)
• Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning (Industry 4.0)
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

• Transportation: The Steam Engine, Railroad, Diesel Engine, Airplane.

• Communication.: The Telegraph, Transatlantic Cable, Phonograph, Telephone.
• Industry: The Cotton Gin, the Sewing Machine, Electric Lights

Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)

• The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of
Europe.
• The first European countries to be industrialized after England were Belgium, France, and the
German states.
• The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects created by the Agricultural
Revolution.
• As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century due in part
to an increase in food production, which was the key outcome of the Agricultural Revolution
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

The Steam Engine – Thomas Newcomen (1712) James Watt (1776)

Railroad – John Stevenson (1826)
Diesel Engine – Rudolf Disel (1890)
Airplane – Orville and Wilbur Wright (1903)

The Telegraph – Samuel Morse (1837)

Transatlantic Cable – Cyrus West Field (1858)
Phonograph – Thomas Edison (1877)
Telephone – Alexander graham bell (1876)

The Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney (1798)

The Sewing Machine – Thomas Saint (1790)
Electric Lights – Humphry Davy (1802) Joseph swan and Edison (1880s)
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution:
Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
• The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a transition to new manufacturing
processes.

• IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time where this revolution began.

• The transitions in the first IR included going from hand production methods to
machines, the increasing use of steam power the development of machine tools and the
rise of the factory system.
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)

• The Second IR, also known as the Technological Revolution, began somewhere in the
1870s

• The advancements in IR 2.0 included the development of methods for manufacturing

interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems such
as telegraph and railroad networks. This adoption allowed the vast movement of people
and ideas, enhancing communication.

• Moreover, new technological systems were introduced, such as electrical power and
telephones.

• Russia, Japan and other parts of eastern Europe, Australia and New Zealand were in
competition for industrialization
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)

• IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and analog electronic technology to digital
electronics which began from the late 1950s. Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0
was given the nickname, “Digital Revolution”

• The core factor of this revolution is the mass production and widespread use of digital logic
circuits and its derived technologies such as the computer, handphones and the Internet.

• These technological innovations have arguably transformed traditional production and

business techniques enabling people to communicate with another without the need of
being physically present.

• Certain practices that were enabled during IR 3.0 is still being practiced until this current day,
for example – the proliferation of digital computers and digital record.

• Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, India also started to see the developments
Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

• With advancements in various technologies such as robotics, Internet of Things (IoT),

additive manufacturing and automatic vehicles, the term “Fourth Industrial
Revolution” or IR 4.0 was coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of
World Economic Forum, in the year 2016.

• The technologies mentioned above are what you call – cyber-physical systems. A cyber-
physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by computer-based
algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.

• One example that is being widely practiced in industries today is the usage of Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machines. These machines are operated by giving it instructions
using a computer.

• Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of Artificial
Intelligence (AI), where we can see it being implemented into our smartphones. AI is also
one of the main elements that give life to Autonomous Vehicles and Automated Robots.
Advantages and challenges of Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

Advantages:

1. Optimization
2. Customizing (Ex. Technologies like digital twin)
3. Thrust on Research and Development

Challenges:

1. Threats
2. Investment
3. Employability
4. Privacy
Impact of Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

1. Improvement in services and business models due to seamless

information flow
2. Continuous productivity due to low downtime
3. Optimum resource utilization
4. Machine safety, in terms of avoiding accidents and breakdowns
due to smart devices
5. Quality of work life for employees
Industry 4.0 and India

1. Plays major role in increasing per capita income

2. Better and low cost health care can be achieved due to AI driven
diagnosis, personalized treatments and identification of potential
pandemics
3. Enhancing farmer’s income by providing latest technologies
4. Strengthen infrastructure and connect every village by roads
5. Benefits the specially abled people (Using AI, text readers etc.)
6. Improves ease of living and ease of doing business using smart
technologies.
7. Initiatives like drone policies will play an important role in security,
traffic and mapping
Group Discussion:
Discus about Agricultural Revolutions, Information Revolutions and compare the
level of the industrial revolution at UK, USA, and China?
Role of Data in emerging technologies:

What is data?

Data refers to facts and statistics collected together for reference

or analysis.
S.No. TRADITIONAL DATA BIG DATA
Big data is generated in outside and enterprise
01. Traditional data is generated in enterprise level.
level.
Its volume ranges from Gigabytes (109)to Its volume ranges from Petabytes to Zettabytes
02.
Terabytes (1012) (1021 ) or Exabytes (1018)
Traditional database system deals with Big data system deals with structured, semi
03.
structured data. structured and unstructured data.
Traditional data is generated per hour or per But big data is generated more frequently mainly
04.
day or more. per seconds.
Traditional data source is centralized and it is Big data source is distributed and it is managed in
05.
managed in centralized form. distributed form.
06. Data integration is very easy. Data integration is very difficult.
Normal system configuration is capable to High system configuration is required to process
07.
process traditional data. big data.
08. The size of the data is very small. The size is more than the traditional data size.
S.No. TRADITIONAL DATA BIG DATA
Big data is in huge volume which becomes
09. Traditional data is in manageable volume.
unmanageable.
10. It is easy to manage and manipulate the data. It is difficult to manage and manipulate the data.
Its data sources includes ERP transaction data,
Its data sources includes social media, device
11. CRM transaction data, financial data,
data, sensor data, video, images, audio etc.
organizational data, web transaction data etc.
Use of Data in daily life
• Music, shows, movies
• Healthcare and medical services
• Shopping and Marketing
• Travel and transportation
• Public policy and safety
• News and information
• Education and employment
• Artificial intelligence
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies

• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we are living in the age of big data.

• It drives or even determines the future of science, technology, the economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.

• Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz but more importantly, presents
enormous challenges that in turn bring incredible innovation and economic opportunities.

• This reshaping and paradigm-shifting are driven not just by data itself but all other aspects
that could be created, transformed, and/or adjusted by understanding, exploring, and
utilizing data.
Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)

Meaning:

Devices under the control of a stored program obeyed by a fetch-execute cycle.

There are four basic kinds of devices: memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks.

• Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a spreadsheet or database.
• Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks such as running a
word processing program or video game.
• Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing, data communication,
signal processing, data display, timing and control operations, and almost every other function a
system must perform.
• The network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.

Is computer is
programmable
device? Why?
List of some Programmable devices

• Achronix Speedster SPD60

• Actel’s
• Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
• Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
• Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
• Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
• Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
• Silicon Blue Technologies
• Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
• Xmos Semiconductor L series
List of some Bigdata tools and softwares

• Hadoop – The apache Hadoop software library is a big data framework

• HPCC – Bigdata tool developed by LexisNexis risk solution
• Storm – Free bigdata open source communication system
• Qubole
• Cassandra
• Statwing
• CouchDB
• Pentaho
Human to Machine Interaction:

• Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the communication and interaction between a human and a
machine via a user interface.

• HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent
computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings. As its name implies, HCI
consists of three parts: the user, the computer itself, and the ways they work together.

• The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and output such as displays, e.g. through a
graphical user interface.

• The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and computers by making computers more user-
friendly and receptive to the user's needs.

• The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of deployment & operations and cost savings for smaller set-
ups. They also reduce solution design time and integration complexity.
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

• Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing, performance prediction, cooperative

working, and capabilities.
• Computer science: Including graphics, technology, prototyping tools, user interface
management systems.
• Linguistics.
• Engineering and design.
• Artificial intelligence.
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies :
• Artificial Intelligence
• Blockchain
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
• Data science and Big data
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
• Cloud computing
• Autonomous Devices
Final Discussion:

How does these emerging technologies shape the future of you and
your business?
• Chatbots
• Virtual, Augmented & Mixed Reality
• Blockchain. The blockchain frenzy is real
• Artificial Intelligence.