4-3 Functions
•A relation is a function provided there is exactly
one output for each input.
•It is NOT a function if one input has more than
one output
In order for a relationship to be a function…
EVERY INPUT MUST HAVE AN OUTPUT
TWO DIFFERENT INPUTS CAN HAVE THE
SAME OUTPUT
ONE INPUT CAN HAVE ONLY ONE
OUTPUT
INPUT
(DOMAIN)
Functions
FUNCTION
MACHINE
OUTPUT (RANGE)
Example 6
Which of the following relations are
functions?
R= {(9,10), (-5, -2), (2, -1), (3, -9)}
S= {(6, a), (8, f), (6, b), (-2, p)}
T= {(z, 7), (y, -5), (r, 7), (z, 0), (k, 0)}
No two ordered pairs can have the
same first coordinate
(and different second coordinates).
Identify the Domain and Range. Then
tell if the relation is a function.
Input Output
-3 3
1 1
3 -2
4
Function?
Yes: each input is mapped
Domain = {-3, 1,3,4} onto exactly one output
Range = {-2,1,3}
Identify the Domain and Range. Then
tell if the relation is a function.
Input Output
-3 3
1 -2
4 1
Domain = {-3, 1,4} Notice the set notation!!!
Function?
Range = {3,-2,1,4} No: input 1 is mapped onto
Both -2 & 1
1. {(2,5) , (3,8) , (4,6) , (7, 20)}
2. {(1,4) , (1,5) , (2,3) , (9, 28)}
3. {(1,0) , (4,0) , (9,0) , (21, 0)}
The Vertical Line Test
If it is possible for a vertical line
to intersect a graph at more
than one point, then the graph
is NOT the graph of a function.
Page 117
Use the vertical line test to visually check if the
relation is a function.
(4,4)
(-3,3)
(1,1)
(1,-2)
Function?
No, Two points are on
The same vertical line.
Use the vertical line test to visually check if the
relation is a function.
(-3,3)
(1,1) (3,1)
(4,-2)
Function?
Yes, no two points are
on the same vertical line
Examples
I’m going to show you a series of
graphs. **don’t write ☺
Determine whether or not these
graphs are functions.
You do not need to draw the graphs in
your notes. **or write this note
#1 Function?
#2 Function?
#3 Function?
#4 Function?
#5 Function?
#6 Function?
#7 Function?
#8 Function?
#9 Function?
Function Notation
“f of x”
Input = x
Output = f(x) = y
Before… Now…
y = 6 – 3x f(x) = 6 – 3x
x y x f(x)
-2 12 -2 12
-1 9 (x, y) -1 9 (x, f(x))
0 6 0 6
1 3 1 3
2 0 2 0
(input, output)
Example.
2
f(x) = 2x – 3
Find f(0), f(-3), f(5).
Finding the Domain of a
Function
When a function is defined by an equation
and the domain of the function is not
stated, we assume that the domain is
All Real Numbers
There will be certain cases where specific
numbers cannot be included in the domain
or a set of numbers cannot be included in
the domain
Examples…
f(x) = 2x – 5
*there would be no restrictions on this, so the
domain is All Real Numbers
g(x) = 1
x–2
*a denominator cannot equal 0, so x ≠ 2. The
domain is {x | x ≠ 2}
h(x) = √x + 6
*you cannot take the square root of a negative
number, so x must be ≥ -6. The domain is {x | x
≥ -6}
Your Turn…Find the domain of
each function
f(x) = x2 + 2
g(x) = √x – 1
h(x) = 1
x+5
