Health Information Systems

Health Informatics

Health Information Health Information

Technology System

records, coding,
documentation,
Tools administration of patient
and ancillary services
 • HIS is being implemented worldwide due to
concerns of COST and QUALITY of health care.
• HIS cover different systems that capture, store,
manage, and transmit health-related information
Health sourced from individuals or activities of a health
institution
• disease surveillance systems
Information • district level routine information systems
• hospital patient administration systems
Systems • human resource management information
systems (HRMIS)
• laboratory information systems
• HIS should be sustainable, user-friendly, and
economical and all members of the healthcare
team must be educated on how to utilized data
in improving the health outcomes.
 POLICY-
MAKING/DECISION-
MAKING
INFORMATION/DATA HEALTH PROGRAMS
COLLECTION

EFFECIENT RESOURCE
ALLOCATION
IMPROVED QUALITY
AND EFFECTIVENESS
OF HEALTH SYSTEM
 Role and Function of
Health Information System

• HIS - a mechanism which keeps tract of all data related to the patient
such as (Sheahan, 2017)
• patient's medical history
• contact information
• medication logs
• appointment schedule
• insurance information
• financial account including billing and payment
• A good HIS delivers accurate information in a timely manner, enabling
decision-makers to make informed choices. It also upholds transparency
and accountability due to easier access to information.
 Role and Function of
Health Information System
Roles of HIS:
1. Easier access to files
• HIS revolutionized the collection and management of patient information
• hard copies of data are now optional
2. Better control
• only authorized personnel can have access to information
3. Easier update
• patient information can be accessed and reviewed any time and copies
can be printed or released to the patient upon request
4. Improved communication
• assist communication among doctors and hospitals
• must adhere to data privacy policies
Components of
Health Information
System
• According to Health Metrics
Network (HMN), HIS has SIX
elements:
 1. Health information systems resources
• includes legislations, regulation, planning,
Components of and the resources required for the system
Health to be fully functional (e.g. personnel,
Information logistics support, financing, etc.)
2. Indicators
System
• basis of HIS plan and strategy
• includes determinants of health; health
system inputs, outputs and outcomes;
health status
• Determinants of health: things that make
people healthy or not
Determinants of Health
(WHO)
• Income and social status - higher income and social status are linked
to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and
poorest people, the greater the differences in health.
• Education – low education levels are linked with poor health, more
stress and lower self-confidence.
• Physical environment – safe water and clean air, healthy
workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to
good health. Employment and working conditions – people in
employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control
over their working conditions
 Determinants of Health (WHO)
• Social support networks – greater support from families, friends and
communities is linked to better health. Culture - customs and traditions,
and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health.
• Genetics - inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness
and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behaviour and
coping skills – balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and
how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.
• Health services - access and use of services that prevent and treat
disease influences health
• Gender - Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at
different ages.
 3. Data sources

Components of Two categories:

Health
Information a. population-based approaches: civil
System registration, censuses, population surveys

b. institution-based data: individual records,

resource records, and service records

Other sources: occasional health surveys,

research, and information produced by
community-based organizations
 Components of Health Information System

4. Data management 5. Information products 6. Dissemination and use

refers to the handling of data, data is transformed into useful HIS enhances the value of health
starting from collection and information that serves as information by making it readily
storage of data flow and quality evidence and provides insight available to policymakers and
assurance, processing, crucial to shaping a health data users
compilation, and data analysis action
 The six components of HIS
can be categorized into:

Components of 1. Inputs
Health • HIS resources which includes health, institutional
Information coordination and leadership, health information policies,
financial and human resources, and infrastructures.

System 2. Processes

• includes indicators, data sources, and data management

• bases for program planning, monitoring, and evaluation
• data must be accessible and understandable by users and
policymakers

3. Outputs

• refers to transformation of data into information that can

be used for decision-making and to the dissemination and
use of such information
INPUTS

PROCESS

OUTPUTS
 Data Sources for Health Information Systems

DEMOGRAPHIC ADMINISTRATIVE HEALTH RISK

DATA DATA INFORMATION HEALTH STATUS

PATIENT CURRENT
OUTCOMES
MEDICAL MEDICAL
DATA
HISTORY MANAGEMENT
 1. Demographic data
• information about patients: age, birth-date, gender,
marital status, address of residence, race, ethnic
origin, educational background, employment,
Data Sources contact person during emergency
2. Administrative data
for Health • information on services: diagnostic tests, out-patient
procedures, kind of practitioner, physician's
Information specialty, nature of institution, and charges and
payments
Systems 3. Health risk information
• record of lifestyle and behavior: use of tobacco
products, or engagements in strenuous activities,
family's medical history, genetic factors. Evaluated
the patients propensity for different diseases.
 Data
Sources for
Health
Information
Systems
 Data
Sources for
Health
Information
Systems